NURSING BULLETS – PEDIATRIC NURSING

1. A child with HIV-positive blood should receive inactivated poliovirus

vaccine (IPV)rather than oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunization.

2. To achieve postural drainage in an infant, place a pillow on the nurse’s

lap and lay the infant across it.

3. A child with cystic fibrosis should eat more calories, protein, vitamins, and
minerals than a child without the disease.

4. Infants subsisting on cow’s milk only don’t receive a sufficient amount of iron
(ferrous sulfate), which will eventually result in iron deficiency anemia.

5. A child with an undiagnosed infection should be placed in isolation.

6. An infant usually triples his birth weight by the end of his first year.

7. Clinical signs of a dehydrated infant include: lethargy, irritability, dry skin

decreased tearing, decreased urinary output, and increased pulse.

8. Appropriate care of a child with meningitis includes frequent

assessment of neurologic status (i.e., decreasing levels of consciousness,
difficulty to arouse) and measuring the circumference of the head because
subdural effusions and obstructive hydrocephalus can develop.

9. Expected clinical findings in a newborn with cerebral palsy include reflexive

hypertonicity and crisscrossing or scissoring leg movements.

10. Papules, vesicles, and crust are all present at the same time in the early
phase of chickenpox.
 Chicken Pox. Image via. kidshealth.org
11. Topical corticosteroids shouldn’t be used on chickenpox lesions.

12. A serving size of a food is usually one (1) tablespoon for each year of
age.

13. The characteristic of Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is erythema on

the face, primarily the cheeks, giving a “slapped face” appearance.

Fifth disease rash.

14. Adolescents may brave pain, especially in front of peers. Therefore, offer
analgesics if pain is suspected or administer the medication if the client asks for
it.

15. Signs that a child with cystic fibrosis is responding to pancreatic enzymes
are the absence of steatorrhea, improved appetite, and absence of abdominal
pain.

16. Roseola appears as discrete rose-pink macules that first appear on the
trunk and that fade when pressure is applied.
17. A ninety-ninety traction (90 degree–90 degree skeletal traction) is used
for fractureof a child’s femur or tibia.

Ninety-ninety traction
18. One sign of developmental dysplasia is limping during ambulation.

19. A small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant is one whose length, weight,

and head circumference are below the 10th percentile of the normal variation
for gestation age as determined by neonatal examination.

20. Neonatal abstinence syndrome is manifested in central nervous

systemhyperirritability (e.g., hyperactive Moro reflex) and gastrointestinal
symptoms (watery stools).

21. Classic signs of shaken baby syndrome are seizures, slow apical pulse
difficulty breathing, and retinal hemorrhage.

22. An infant born to an HIV-positive mother will usually receive AZT

(zidovudine) for the first 6 weeks of life.

23. Infants born to an HIV-positive mother should receive all immunizations

of schedule.

24. Blood pressure in the arms and legs is essentially the same in infants.

25. When bottle-feeding a newborn with a cleft palate, hold the infant’s head
in an upright position.
26. Because of circulating maternal antibodies that will decrease the immune
response, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine shouldn’t be given
until the infant has reached one (1) year of age.

27. Before feeding an infant any fluid that has been warmed, test a drop of the
liquid on your own skin to prevent scalding the infant.

28. A newborn typically wets 6 to 10 diapers per day.

29. Although microwaving food and fluids isn’t recommended for infants, it’s
common in the United States. Therefore the family should be taught to test the
temperature of the food or fluid against their own skin before allowing it to be
consumed by the infant.

30. The most adequate diet for an infant in the first 6 months of life is breast
milk.

31. An infant can usually chew food by 7 months, hold spoon by 9 months, and
drink fluid from a cup by one year of age.

32. Choking from mechanical obstruction is the leading cause of death (by
suffocation) for infants younger than 1 year of age.

33. Failure to thrive is a term used to describe an infant who falls below the
fifth percentile for weight and height on a standard measurement chart.

34. Developmental theories include Havighurst’s age periods and developmental

tasks; Freud’s five stages of development;

35. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development; Erikson’s eight stages of

development; and Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.
36. The primary concern with infusing large volumes of fluid is circulatory
overload. This is especially true in children and infants, and in clients with
renal disease (or any person with renal disease, for that matter).

37. Certain hazards present increased risk of harm to children and occur more
often at different ages. For infants, more falls, burns, and suffocation occur; for
toddlers, there are more burns, poisoning, and drowning for preschoolers, more
playground equipment accidents, choking, poisoning, and drowning; and for
adolescents, more automobile accidents, drowning, fires, and firearm accidents.

38. A child in Bryant’s traction who’s younger than age 3 or weighs less than
30 lb (13.6 kg) should have the buttocks slightly elevated and clear or the bed.
The knees should be slightly flexed, and the legs should be extended at a right
angle to the body.

Bryant’s Traction
39. The body provides the traction mechanism.

40. In an infant, a bulging fontanel is the most significant sign of increasing

intracranial pressure.