SOCIO ANTHRO WITH POP EDUC & DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION (SOCIO 100)
CULTURE
CULTURE- complex whole which include
knowledge, beliefs, art, law, custom, and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as
a member of the society
-comprises all the objects, ideas, beliefs,
norms of a group of people, and the meanings
that the group applies to each culture element
-social heritage of a society
CHARACTERISTIC OF CULTURE
1. CULTURE IS LEARNED - it is acquired through
education, training and experience
2. CULTURE IS A SOCIAL PRODUCT - it is a
product of social interaction, through the
mutual interstimulation and response of people
with one another
3. CULTURE IS THE DISTINCTIVE WAY OF LIFE
OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE- member of the
society have developed their unique way of life
that suits their needs and particular situation
4. CULTURE IS STABLE YET DYNAMIC- it is
preserved and accumulated, highly stable and
continuous.
5. CULTURE IS AN ESTABLISHED PATTERN
BEHAVIOR
-members of a certain society act in a fairly
uniform manner because they share mutual
beliefs, customs, and ways of doing things
CONCEPTS RELATED TO CULTURE
CULTURAL RELATIVISM- recognizes and accepts
the cultural differences between societies
- believes that every aspects of culture
can be justified by the context in culture has
been formed
CULTURE SHOCK- refers to the feeling of
disbelief, disorganization, and frustration one
experiences when he encounters cultural
patterns or practices which are different from
his
ETHNOCENTRISM- diminishes “other” ways of
life and creates distorted view of one’s own. As
a result, this could affect individual behavior
and relationships with other cultures
XENOCENTRISM- tendency to consider one’s
culture as inferior to others
CATEGORIES OF CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Based on Nationality
 Based on Ethnic Linguistic Group
 Based on Historical Epochs
 Economic Means
 Geographical Location
 Religion
 Technology
 Age
 Economic Status
CAUSES OF CULTURAL CHANGE
1. DISCOVERY- refers to the process of finding a
new place or an old object, artifact or anything
that previously existed
2. INVENTION- creative mental process of
devising, creating and producing something
new or original
3. DIFFUSION- refers to the spread of cultural
traits or social practices from a society or group
 SOCIO ANTHRO WITH POP EDUC & DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION (SOCIO 100)
to another belonging to the same society or to
another through direct contact with each other
and exposure to new forms
Diffusion involves the following social
processes:
 ACCULTURATION- cultural borrowing
and cultural imitation
 ASSIMILATION- blending or fusion of
two distinct cultures through long
periods of interactions
 AMALGAMATION- biological or
hereditary fusion of members of
different societies
 ENCULTURATION- deliberate infusion
of a new culture to another
4. COLONIZATION- refers to political, social and
political policy pf establishing a colony which
would be subject to the rule or governance of
the colonizing state
5. REBELLION and REVOLUTIONARY
MOVEMENTS- aim to change the whole social
order and replace the leadership
PHILIPPINE VALUES
VALUES- standards by which a group of society
judges desirability and importance of persons,
ideas, actions or objects
- shared conceptions of or beliefs in what are
considered desirable or undesirable
-enduring conception of the preferable which
influences choice and action
CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES
 Economic Values- objects with
material value
 Behavioral Values- internalized
guides to behavior
a. Instrumental
B. Terminal
 Social Values- values arising from
interpersonal relations
A. Prescriptive
b. Proscriptive
 Non-social or Self-concern Values
 Moral and spiritual Values
THE FILIPINO ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL
VALUE ORIENTAIONS DICHOTOMY
The oriental value orientations of the
Filipino include non-rationalism, personalism,
particularism, and nationalism. His occidental
value orientations include rationalism,
impersonalism, universalism, and
internationalism.
1. NON-RATIONALISM VS. RATIONALISM
NON-RATIONALISM- belief in the supremacy of
nature and forces outside of oneself like the
belief in ghosts, spirits, gods, or deities, and
other supernatural beings.
Examples: Bahala na; dependence on
espiritistas and mangkukulams; reliance on
amulets, gayuma or anting-anting
RATIONALISM- refers to the belief or doctrine
that all knowledge and truth is found only in
reason, and that there is no supernatural
revelation
Examples: Pagkamakatwiran,
kasipagan, pagpaplano sa buhay, paghahanda
sa kinabukasan
2. PERSONALISM AND IMPERSONALISM
PERSONALISM- tendency to give due
importance to intrapersonal and interpersonal
relations in working arrangements.
Examples: Kaibigan, kamag-anak;
comadre and compadre, utang na loob, hiya,
pakikisama
 SOCIO ANTHRO WITH POP EDUC & DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION (SOCIO 100)

IMPERSONALISM- tendency to eliminate the intellectual, social, cultural, economic, political,

influence of friendship or kinship in working and moral matters
relations Examples: Mabuhay and Pilipino
Examples: Walang personalan, trabaho movement; Rekindling the EDSA spirit
lamang; walang malakas, walang mahina; ang
hustisya ay para sa lahat; walang mahirap, INTERNATIONALISM- rests on the belief in
walang mayaman having friendly relations between and among
nations for their mutual and common benefit
3. PARTICULARISM VS. UNIVERSALISM Examples: Globalization; American
hegemony plan
PARTICULARISM- tendency of a person to
center his or her concern on his or her sub-
groups made up of relatives, friends, colleagues, GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
associates, religious affiliates in a larger society
to which he or she belongs. BAHALA NA
Examples: Tayo-tayo systems; kamag- AMOR PROPIO
anak system; compadre system; regionalism; FATALISM
fraternity and sorority ties USE OF EUPHEMISMS
FILIPINO TIME
UNIVERSALISM- tendency to focus one’s MAÑANA HABIT
attention and concern on the promotion of the PAKIPOT
national and common weal. The emphasis is on PALABRA DE HONOR
the general welfare of the whole society. COLONIAL MENTALITY
Examples: Public Welfare, Social Justice,
COMPADRE SYSTEM
National Identity, Public Service
PAGKMATIISIN
BAKA-SAKALI ATTITUDE
4. NATIONALISM VS. INTERNATIONALISM
FIESTA SYNDROME
NATIONALISM- advocacy of making one’s own
nation distinct and separate from other in