Jan 30, 1892 - A huge meeting held in Madrid protecting the abusers and cruelties committed by the

friars in Calamba. Miguel Morayta is principal speaker.

Feb 12, 1892 - El Faro Administrative, reference guide for public officials, is founded by Don Manuel
Artigas.

November 13, 1892- A group of nuns, Mother Maria du Perpetual Secours, Superior, Sr. M. Alipia, Sr.
Maria de la Cruz, and Sr. M. Celedonia, sail from Barcelona on board the steamer Isla de Panay for the
Philippines.

December 08, 1892- In Dapitan Dr. Jose Rizal receives a letter from Fr. Pastells, on scientific and religious
questions.

December 23, 1892- Rizal congratulates Despujol for being a prudent governor and a man of good will
and praises him for his interest in the country.

Jan 3 , 1893 - The Revista Fornaceutica de Filipina, founded by Don Thomas Torres Perona , to starts
publication.

Jan 9, 1893 - Andres Bonifacio orders that all leaders of Katipunan districts submit to the central office of
Rosten of all members in their respective areas to determine their exact numbers.

Jan 15, 1893 - Jose Rizal presents Fr. Pastells with a statue of St. Paul on the occasion of the latter’s
birthday.

Feb 26, 1893 - Andres Bonifacio enjoins all district heads of the Katipunan to collect the required foes
from all the members as soon as possible, the money then to be sent to the treasure of the Association.

April 16, 1893 - The Regional Grand Lodge of Philippines Masonry is founded.

Jan 2, 1894 - El Heraldo Militar starts publication.

Jan 3 , 1894 - Andres Bonifacio issues a general guidelines for admitting members in the Katipunan. He
declares among the others, that no gamble, drunkard or notorious person should be accepted, in order
to maintain the dignity of the association.

Jan 19, 1894 – A royal decrees stops the insurance of passports to Filipinos.

Jan 30, 1894 - Andres Bonifacio decrees that administrative judges of the Katipunan are under strict
orders to carry out all regulations stated in the Association program in order to enlarge membership in
the Katipunan.

September 03, 1894- Birth of General Simeon de Jesus, hero of World War II, in Arayat, Pampanga.

-In Concepcion, Tarlac, birth of Benigno A. Aquino, lawyer, assemblyman and special Legislative
envoy to Washington in 1932. Died on December 20, 1947.
September 11, 1894- Birth of Concepcion A. Aguila, educator, lawyer, in San Jose, Batangas. She died on
December 16, 1958.

October 01, 1894- Inauguration of the Academy of Pedagogy, an association of well trained teachers.

October 05, 1894- El Album Militar, founded by Don Mariano de Ciria, is issued. It has sixteen pages, is
sold at one peso a month to military officials, and comes out every ten days.

October 12, 1894- The Boletin de Museo Biblioteca de Filipina is founded by Pedro A. Paterno with the
permission of the civil authorities.

October 20, 1894- Andres Bonifacio presides over a meeting of Katipunan directors in Quiapo where
Feliciano Jocson, treasurer of the Association, presents a record of collections submitted to him by
representative-directors of the Supreme Council.

December 18, 1894- From Dapitan Jose Rizal writes Jose Ma. Basa revealing that the Governor-General
has promised to transfer him from Dapitan to Ilocos.

December 24, 1894- Andres Bonifacio calls for a meeting of his board of directors in order to assess the
progress of the Katipunan. It is decided during this meeting to inform Mabini of the status of the
Katipunan and to seek his advice.

December 28, 1894- El Español, an afternoon daily, puts out its first issue.

Jan 1, 1895 - Emilio Aguinaldo takes Municipal of Kawait, Cavite his oath of office as captain.

Jan 22, 1895 – Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo H. Del Pilar that an order has been promulgated in the
Philippines prohibiting masonry, ordering the closure of all masonic lodges and imposing severe
penalties.

Jan 23, 1895 - The Regional Exposition of the Philippines is inaugurated.

Jan 31, 1895 – Ambrosio Flores, venerable master of Lodge “modestia” request moral and material help
for Dr. Jose Rizal.

November 15, 1895- La Solidaridad the radical and reformist Filipino magazine in Madrid, stops
publication.

December 31, 1895- At an election to the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, the following officers are
chosen: Andres Bonifacio, Supremo or President; Pio Valenzuela, Fiscal and Physician; Emilio Jacinto,
Secretary; Vicente Molina, Treasurer; Enrique Pacheco, Pantaleon Torres, Balbino Florentino, Francisco
Carreon, and Hermenegildo Reyes, Councilors.

Jan 1, 1896 – Ang Kalayaan, organ of the Katipunan, issues its first number with Emilio Jacinto as editor.

Feb 6, 1896 - Andres Bonifacio and his advisers and directors of the Katipunan meet in order to appoint
persons to the positions of advisers and associates within the vicinity of Manila. Later, these appointed
took their oath of allegiance.
March 2, 1896 - The Supreme Council of K.K.K appoints a committee composed of Emilio Aguinaldo, Jose
Dizon, Mariano Crisostomo and Jose Ma. Basa, to negotiate the purchase of arms and ammunition from
Japan.

March 20, 1896 - Andres Bonifacio decrees that all town presidents of the Katipunan districts must hand
in their collections to their respective provincial presidents who, in turn, must submit them to the
supreme government of the Katipunan.

March 20, 1896 - The Naic Assembly introduces a change in the Filipino in the Filipino flag. The Malayan
letter K is replaced by a big sun with two eyes, a nose, and a mouth. The flag remains in use until the
signing of the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato in December 1897.

September 01, 1896- Dr. Pio Valenzuela surrenders to the Spanish authorities after having failed to see
the chief executive in Malacañang. He is granted executive pardon; and freely discloses information
concerning the Katipunan, its codes, its plans, and the identity of its leading members.

-The leaders of Kawit, Cavite, join the Imus Bolomen under Jose Tagle in attacking and capturing
the estate house of the friars and the barracks of the civil guards in Imus.

September 02, 1896- The revolutionary forces in Nueva Ecija, two thousand strong and led by General
Mariano Llanera, besiege the Spanish garrison in San Isidro. Their leaders are on horseback, the
revolutionaries wear red ribbons and parade down the main roads to the music of the Cabiao band.

- Melchora Aquino, known as “Tandang Sora”, is exiled to Guam for complicity with the
Revolution.

September 03, 1896- En route to Cuba, Dr. Jose Rizal is transferred from the Spanish cruiser Isla de
Panay and sails for Spain via Singapore.

September 04, 1896- The first of a series of executions at the Luneta is ordered by the Spanish
government. Sancho Valenzuela, Eugenio Silvestre, Modesto Sarmiento, and Ramon Peralta are killed for
complicity in the battle of San Juan Del Monte.

September 08, 1896- The steamer Isla de Panay, with Dr. Jose Rizal on board, reaches Singapore on its
way to Spain and Cuba. Pedro Roxas, a Filipino revolutionary asks Rizal to leave the vessel and join him.

-Upon learning of Rizal’s history as a radical, the Council of Ministers in Madrid decides to have
him imprisoned at Montjuich Castle as soon as he arrives in Barcelona.

September 12, 1896- Thirteen Filipinos are executed by the Spanish authorities at Plaza de Armas, near
Fort of San Felipe, Cavite City. They are Maximo Inocencio, Luis Aguado, Victoriano Luciano, Hugo
Perez, Jose Lallana, Antonio San Agustin, Agapito Conchu, Feliciano Cabuco, Maximo Gregorio,
Eugenio Cabezas, Severino Lapidario, Alfonso de Ocampo, and Francisco Osorio. They are now known
as the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite.

September 16, 1896- Twenty-two prominent residents of Manila are imprisoned at Fort Santiago. They
are Rosario Villaruel, Telesforo Chuidian, Mariano Limjap, Lui R. Yangco, Lorenzo del Rosario, Pedro
Casimiro, Ambrosio Salvador, Bonifacio Arevalo, Maximo Paterno, Antonio Salazar, Juan Luna, Antonio
Luna, Dr. Jose Luna, Isidro Soto Villaruel, Felipe Zamora, Numeriano Adriano, Ambrosio Flores, Dr.
Jose Albert, Isaac Fernando Rios, Marcelino de los Santos, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, Nazario
Constantino.

- A reign of terror takes place in the town of Nueva Caceres (now Naga City).

September 21, 1896- Tomas Remigio is arrested by the Spanish authorities because of his revolutionary
activities. He is sentenced to 20 years, imprisonment and incarcerated in Barcelona and, later, in
Cartgena, Spain.

September 30, 1896- A royal is issued committing Rizal, to the garrison of Alhucemas, where he is to
stay as a deportee.

- Skirmishes with Spanish forces take place in Marikina, Munitinlupa and other points close to
Cavite, with Filipinos winning the engagements.

- The revolutionaries of San Mateo and Bosoboso joining forces with those Binangonan, attack
Cainta, and capture all the weapons and ammunition in the town hall.

October 06, 1896- Dr. Jose Rizal is taken from Montjuich castle in Barcelona to the transport Colon to
sail back to the Philippines. He is given a second class cabin and is held incommunicado.

October 07, 1896- Death of Jacobo Zobel y Zangroniz, writer, businessman, pharmacist, paleographist,
and philologist. Born in the year 1842.

October 11, 1896- Governor-General Ramon Blanc issues a circular to all provincial governors outlining
a “policy of attraction”. He urges the provincial governors not to arrest persons unless there is serious
evidence of guilt in order to impress the people with Spain’s leniency and to restore tranquility and
normal conditions.

October 14, 1896- Some 151 Filipinos board the S.S. Manila bound for Cartagena, from which point they
are to be transferred to Fernando Po Island, where, by order of Governor-General Blanco, they are to
serve as sentence as exiles, by reason of their involvement in the Revolution.

October 19, 1896- Antonio Luna is dismissed as director of the Municipal Laboratory of Manila because
of his revolutionary activities.

October 21, 1896- Camilo C. de Polavieja becomes Governor-Genral of the Philippines. The military
courts become very active, and many Filipinos held as authors of the conspiracy are executed, among
them Riza; conflict take place in the provinces of Manila, Bataan, Pampanga, and Batangas; publication
of an amnesty and regiments of Filipino volunteers are organized.

October 23, 1896- Residents of Taal, Lemery, Calaca, and Bayungyungan rise in arms and try to cross
the Pansipit river, by way of San Nicolas where the defending garrison is soon joined by the
reinforcements from Taal. The revolutionaries disperse after a brief skirmish.

October 25, 1896- The Academia Militar is founded in Malolos, Bulacan.

October 28, 1896- Antonio Regidor requests his lawyer in Singapore to rescue Rizal as soon as S.S. Colon
reaches there from Barcelona.

October 31, 1896- The Madrid authorities receive a telegram from Hongkong informing them that the
situation in the Philippines is becoming critical with the rapid spread of the Revolutionary.

-Aguinaldo issues his first two manifestos from Kawit, Cavite. One is entitled "Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity, " in which he defines the aim of the revolution as the attainment of Independence and
another which announces the formation of a central revolutionary committee for the government of
towns under the revolutionary government.

November 02, 1896- Execution of Honorato Onrubia y Herrera, Filipino official of the government
lighthouse service, at Bagumbayan, Manila.

- Dr. Jose Rizal arrives in Manila on board the transport Colon and is taken under custody to Fort
Santiago.

November 10, 1896- Candido Tria Tirona, revolutionary general, secretary of war in the Magdalo
revolutionary council, dies in action during the Battle of Binakayan, at Kawit, Cavite.

November 11, 1896- General Aguinaldo repulses the Spanish forces in the Battle of Binakayan in Kawit,
Cavite. It was one of the greatest victories won by the Filipinos during the Revolution.

December 05, 1896- Governor-General Ramon Blanco decrees that the case of Dr. Jose Rizal is to pass
into the hands of Nicolas de la Peña, the Author General of War.

December 06, 1896- The trial of Jose Rizal begins.

December 08, 1896- Lieutenant Governor-General Camilo Garcia de Polavieja is appointed chief
executive of the Philippines.

December 10, 1896- Dr. Jose Rizal petition for authority to issue a manifesto addressed to his
countrymen, publicly condemning the Revolution and censuring the unauthorized use of his name by
some irresponsible elements.

- At the quarters of Marcelo H. del Pilar in Madrid the old lodge Solidaridad, composed of Filipinos,
Spaniards, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans before it ceased functioning in 1887, is reconstituted with Julio
Llorente as Worshipful Master; Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Senior Warden; Damasco Ponce, Junior Warden;
Dominador Gomez, Orator; and Teodoro Sandico, Secretary.

December 13, 1896- Governor-General Ramon Blanco is relieved as governor by General Camilo de
Polavieja.

December 14, 1896- Many prisoners from Tarlac are shot for treason and mutiny. Executions have
become almost a daily occurrence.
December 19, 1896- Governor-General Polavieja decrees that Rizal's be tried by court martial as
recommended by the Judge Advocate.

December 22, 1896- Lieutenant Taviel de Andrade receives the records of the case of Dr. Jose Rizal and
proceeds to draft his defense.

December 24, 1896- The members of the Court Martial that will try Dr. Jose Rizal are appointed by the
Military Governor of Manila.

December 26, 1896- Dr. Jose Rizal is sentenced to death by Spanish military court.

- The revolutionary troops are welcomed by the Orani municipal mayor. They occupy the town and
capture the Spanish garrison.

December 28, 1896- The military court decides that Dr. Jose Rizal will be shot, a sentence that is
confirmed by Governor-General Polavieja.

-Teodora Alonso, Rizal's mother writes the Governor-General asking clemency for his son.

December 29, 1896- Dr. Jose Rizal writes the Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt that he is innocent of the
crime of rebellion and that he is going to his death with an easy conscience.

- Execution of Rosalio Silos, musician and patriot.

- Rizal is notified of the death sentence against at seven o'clock in the morning and of his execution
at that same hour on the following day.

December 30, 1896- Death by Spanish musketry of Dr. Jose Rizal, in Bagumabayan, Manila.

December 31, 1896- An assembly of revolutionaries is held at Imus, Cavite, to determine whether
Katipunan should be superseded by another form of government. The Magdalo factions believes that
with the outbreak of the revolution the Katipunan has ceased to be a secret society and should,
therefore, be replaced by one more in keeping with the requirements of the period. The Magdiwang
faction, on the other hand, contends that the Katipunan should remain revolutionary government
because it already has a constitution and by-laws recognized by all. The conflict is not resolved and the
meeting ends without a decision.

Jan 2, 1897 - Andres Bonifacio, founder of The Katipunan, calls Mariano Alvares to conference on
revolutionary activities and the Magdalo group.

Jan 4, 1897 - The Bicol Martyr are executed at Bagumbayan (Rizal Park). They are Gabriel Prieto,
Severino Diaz, Inocencio Herrera, Manuel Abella, Domingo Abella, Camilo Jacom, Florencio Lerma,
Macano Valentin, Cornelio Mercado and Marian Melgarego.

Jan 7, 1897 - A court martial is held at the social hall of the San Juan de Letran college to try Antonio
Luna, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Jose Dizon, Moises Salvador, and other leading Filipinos, most of whom have
testified against Dr. Jose Rizal. They too are charged with complicity in the rebellion.
Jan 11, 1897 - Execution of the 13 Martyr of Bagumbayan, among whom are officers of a Masonic Lodge.
These are Jose A. Dizon, Domingo Franco, Nemeriano Adriano, Moises Salvador, Francisco Villaruel,
Francisco Roxas, Luis Enciso Villareal, Geronimo Cristobal Medina, Antonio Salazar, Ramon Padilla,
Bravino Rivera, Eustacio Manalac and Benedicto Hijaga.

Jan 29, 1897 - Jose Ma. Basa, A.G Medina, and Doroteo Cortez draft a 50 paragraph manifesto exposing
the grievances of the Filipinos against Spanish government and asking for thr armed intervention of the
United Kingdom, Frances, The United States and Germany.

Feb 6, 1897 - Execution at the Luneta of Roman Basa and other patriots.

Feb 15, 1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo receives the news that some 40,000 newly-arrived Spanish
troops under General Lacambre will attack the Filipino forces in Cavite. He also hears the rumor that, if
captured alive, he will be placed inside a huge non cage by the Spaniards, for exhibition on the Luneta.

Feb 16, 1897 - The Spanish artillery bombards the first line of the Filipino defense along Las Pinas and
Bacoor, which commanded by Pio del Pilar, Mariano Noriel, and Agapito Bonzon, all of the Magdalo. The
forces of Andres Bonifacio, Lucas Camerino and Mariano San Gabriel are behind the first line in
Noveleta.

Feb 17, 1897 - General Edilberto Evangelista civil engineer and revolutionary leader, is killed at the battle
of Zapote Bridge.

Feb 28, 1897 - Spaniards capture Perez Dasmarinas, Cavite and set fire to it.

March 17, 1897 - A spanish vessel enters Batangas Bay and seizes the Santisima Trinidad owned by
General Francisco del Castillo where the secret papers of Katipunan are kept.

March 22, 1897 - The Tejeros Convention proclaims the Republic of the Philippines. The newly elected
officials are Emilio Aguinaldo, President; Mariano Trias, Vice-President; Artemio Ricarte, Captain
General; Emilio Riego de Dios, Director of War; and Andres Bonifacio, Director of the Interior.

March 23, 1897 - Execution of the "Nineteen Martyrs of Aklan."

March 23, 1897 - Emilio Aguinaldo, Mariano Trias and Artemio Ricarte take their oaths of office as
president, vice-president and captain-general,respectively, of the Revolutionary Government.

April 16, 1897 - Andres Bonifacio writes letter to Emilio Jacinto informing him that Emilio Aguinaldo has
received letters from Rev. Pio Pi, S.J., and Sr. Rafael Comenge, proposing the cessation of hostilities, to
which Aguinaldo made several conditions, such as the expulsion of the friars, the appointment of
deputies to the Spanish cortes. Lacking the support of Bonifacio and Mariano Alvarez, Aguinaldo rejects
the feeler for peace.

April 17, 1897 - Emilio Aguinaldo, recently elected President of The Revolutionary Government,
announces the composition of his cabinet.
April 23, 1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo obtains a written vote of confidence from the Magdiwang
leaders by having them approve the officials elected in Tejeros Convention a month before.

April 24,1897 - General Emilio Aguinaldo prepares a circular giving instruction to the legional
government established in Batangas.

April 24,1897 - Andres Bonifacio writes a third and last letter to Emilio Jacinto relating what was
happening in Cavite.

April 25, 1897 - Isabela de Los Reyes sends memorandum to Governor-General Fernando Primo de
Rivera denouncing the atrocities, abuses and acts of immorality committed by certain members of the
religious orders.

April 26, 1897 – General Aguinaldo, upon receipt of oral and written charges against Andres Bonifacio,
orders his arrest for treason and other acts inimical to the safety and the existence of the fledgling
Republic.

October 08, 1897- Emilio Jacinto, the Brains of Katipunan, writes his masterpiece, A La Patria (To My
Fatherland), which was probably inspired by Rizal’s Ultimo Adios.

October 16, 1897- General Primo de Rivera issues a decree calling for Filipino volunteers in all provinces
of Luzon and the Visayas and all districts in Mindanao. These volunteers must be able-bodied and
between the ages of 18 and 50. They will be armed and equipped at the expense of the government and
will receive reasonable salaries.

October 22, 1897- The Central Revolutionary Committee is created in Hongkong.

October 28, 1897- Aguinaldo called filed commanders to Biyak-na-Bato to decide on a course of action
that will challenge Primo de Rivera's refusal to institute reforms. The "War Party" headed by Mamerto
Natividad, votes to continue the struggle.

November 01, 1897- The Biyak-na-Bato is established. Its officials are Emilio Aguinaldo, President;
Mariano Triad, Vice-President; Isabelo Artacho, Secretary of the Interior; Antonio Montenegro, Secretary
of Foreign Affairs; Baldomero Aguinaldo, Secretary of Treasury, and Emiliano de Dios, Secretary of
War. Its constitution declares that the aim of the Revolution is "the separation of the Philippines from the
Spanish monarchy and its formation into an independent state," and includes a bill of rights to safeguard
the individual liberties of the people.

November 02, 1897- Consul Rounsevelle Wildman, of Hongkong, sends a confidential report to
Washington relating to Felipe Agoncillo's proposal for a Filipino-American alliance directed against
Spain. Agoncillo wants to buy 20,000 guns and 200,000 rounds of ammunition from the United States
and expresses his willingness to meet with American leaders in Washington, if Wildman agrees.

November 05, 1897- Aguinaldo authorizes Pedro A. Paterno "to enter into harmonious relations with the
Spanish government, giving him full powers to determine, fix, and receive the total sum of funds or
values which the Spanish government will grant us."
November 14, 1897- Pedro A. Paterno writes Primo de Rivera that Aguinaldo accept the Primo de
Rivera's proposal of amnesty.

December 13, 1897- The Spanish home government cables Primo de Rivera authorizing him to accept
the surrender of the chiefs and the government of the Filipino "rebels."

December 14, 1897- Signing of the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato which temporarily stops hostilities between
Spain and the Philippines. The pact promises certain reforms, such as representation of the Spanish
Cortes, sending the friars way, and giving the leaders $400,000 if Aguinaldo AMD his cabinet would
leave the country and go to Hongkong.

December 16, 1897- General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaims the restoration of peace in the Philippines.

December 19, 1897- A conference is held at Biyak-na-Bato to decide what to do with the money to be
received by the Spanish Government. Isabela Artacho designated Director of Commerce "to disburse the
amount to be paid by the Spanish Government." It is agreed that the total amount shall be invested and
part of the profits accruing there from be spent from the education of young Filipinos in foreign
countries.

December 25, 1897- General Emilio Aguinaldo and his companions, Pedro A. Paterno and Don Miguel P.
de Rivera, depart for Lingayen, whence a Spanish merchant steamer will take them to Hongkong.

December 27, 1897- General Emilio Aguinaldo and 25 other revolutionary sail for Hongkong from Sual,
Pangasinan, on based the steamer Uranus, in compliance with the terms of the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato.

December 29, 1897- The leaders of Biyak-na-Bato, led by Isabelo Artacho, Artemio Ricarte, Jose Salvador
Natividad, Paciano Rizal, and Francisco Makabulos, meet and pass resolution accusing Aguinaldo's group
in Hongkong of leaving them without any means of support and proposing that the unpaid balance of
400,000 pesos of the indemnity money should be distributed among the most needy insurgents.

December 30, 1897- The surrender of arms by Filipinos begins, while Ricarte pleads with them to put
their faith in the Spanish Government and to return to their homes without fear or suspicion. He also
orders the revolutionary flag hauled down and the Spanish flag hoisted.

Jan 2, 1898 - The amount of $400,000, the first installment of the amount promised by General Primo de
Rivera in the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato, is deposited in a Hongkong bank by General Emilio Aguinaldo.

Jan 20, 1898 - The Spanish Government returns to the parents of Dr. Jose Rizal the jewels confiscated
from the during the trial.

Jan 23, 1898 - Governor-General Primo de Rivera announces of the hostiles between the Philippines and
Spain.

Jan 25, 1898 - An amnesty proclamation is promulgated by the Spanish government in accordance with
the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato.
Feb 1, 1898 - U.S. Consul Oscar Williams at Manila assumes his duties on this day by virtue of provisional
order from The Spanish Governor-General. He will soon deal with General Emilio Aguinaldo.

Feb 2, 1898 - Mr. Williams of the American Consul at Manila writes to the Department of War regarding
Spanish methods of keeping from the world outward and visible manifestation of the desire of the
Filipino people to be free from Spanish yoke.

Feb 13, 1898 - In exile in Hongkong General Aguinaldo learns of resolution approved on 29 December
1897 by the Revolutionary leaders who were left behind in Biyak-na-Bato to the effect that the balance
of P800,000 from the Spanish indemnity be given to them.

Feb 16, 1898 - The P400,000 deposited by General Aguinaldo in two banks in Hongkong on 6 January is
increased by P18,582.90, the amount probably coming from the Filipino government in Manila.

Feb 19, 1897 - Silang, Cavite, falls into the hands of the Spanish forces.

Feb 19, 1898 - Mariano Ponce in Hongkong replies to the letter of one named "Ifortel" stating that
General Emilio Aguinaldo should not be blame for agreeing to sign the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato, for under
its terms the Filipino revolutionist could rest and recover their lost strength and then return to the fight
with renewed vigor.

Feb 25, 1898 - U.S. President Roosevelt cables Dewey to remain st Hongkong instructing him that in the
event of war with Spain, he is to begin operations against the Spanish squadron in the Philippines.

Feb 28, 1898 - From Hongkong General Aguinaldo writes a bitter letter to Don Pedro A. Paterno
expressing his displeasure over the payment of P200,000 (received from the Spanish Government) to
the Revolutionary leaders left behind in Biyak-na-Bato, even going to the extent of blaming Paterno for
consenting to the division of money.

March 7, 1898 - The Revolutionist of Zambalez besieges the cable station of Bolinao and seizes the
telegraphic line between that town and Manila.

March 7, 1898 - Filipino rebel attack Balincaguin, Pangasinan and dislodge the Spanish defenders from
thei position. The town Anda, Panggasinan, also takes up arms and imprisons the Spanish curate.

March 11, 1898 - General Emilio Aguinaldo appoints General Ambrosio Fiores as quarter masters for the
armed forces of the Philippines Revolutionary Government.

March 14, 1898 - From Malolos Don Pedro A. Paterno replies to General Emilio Aguinaldo's letter stating
that he did not consent to the division of the P200,000 received from the Spanish Government by the
Revolutionary leaders left behind on Biyak-na-Bato. He says that he arrived in Manila from Hongkong on
January 11, 1898 and learned that the money had been divided by the leaders on December 29, 1897.

March 26, 1898 - From Madrid, The Minister of War sends a cable to Governor-General Fernando Primo
de Rivera in Manila, thus: "The Attitude and the threatening note of the Unites States make us believes
that war is inevitable".
April 3, 1898 - "Leon Kilat" (real name was Pantaleon Villegas), one time courier of General Emilio
Aguinaldo in Biyak-na-Bato, lead hia followers (armed only with spears and bolos) in an attack on the
Spanish garrison at a suburb of Cebu, now known as Calamba and Tres de Abril. It is marked as the
beginning of The Revolution in Cebu. Leon Kilat and his brave followers routed the enemy with a bloody
hand-to-hand battle that not place for hours.

April 17, 1898 - Probably anticipating the collapse of peace under the terms of the Pact of Biyak-na-Bato
entered into Governor-GeneRal Primo de Rivera and General Emilio Aguinaldo in December 1897,
General Francisco Makabulos and other Revolutionary leaders draw up and sign a constitution "for the
purpose of creating a central executive committee to act as provisional government until the general
government of the Republic in these islands shall again be established." This executive committee is
composed of a president, vice-president, a secretary of the interior, of war, and of the treasury.

April 21, 1898 - Start of the undeclared war between the United States and Spain.

April 22, 1898 - The first interview between General Aguinaldo and U.S. Consul-General E. Spencer Pratt
takes place between nine and twelve in the evening Singapore. Pratt includes him to take up fresh the
war against the Spain, assuming him that America will give the greatest advantages to Filipinos.

April 23,1898 - General Emilio Aguinaldo and U.S. Consul General Pratt in Singapore meet for the second
time. The bitter assures the Filipino leader that the U.S. will at least recognize Philippine independence,
under a naval protectorate, and "that there will be no necessity for putting down this agreement in
writing, as the word of the admiral and the American government is very honorable, very just and very
powerful."

April 25, 1898 - General Emilio Aguinaldo in Singapore holds his last conference with American Consul
Pratt at the latter’s office. “He told me,” said Aguinaldo afterwards, “that he had received telegrams
from Admiral (Dewey) requesting him to tell me to repair immediately the first steamer to Hongkong,
where I was to join him, as he was then with his squadron in Mirs Bay.”

April 26, 1898 - War between the United States and Spain is formally declared.

April 27, 1897 - Colonels Agapito Bonzo, Jose Ignacio Pawa and Felipe Topacio, with others General
Aguinaldo to pursue and arrest Andres Bonifacio, arrive at the vicinity of Limbon, Indang, Cavite, where
the Supremo and his men were bivouacked.

April 27, 1898 - The American squadron at Mirs Bay, Hongkong, sails for the Philippines.

April 27, 1898 - Andres Bonidacio is arrested by Aguinaldo’s men at barrio Limbon, near Indang, Cavite.

April 27, 1898 - General Mariano Noriel sends a brief letter to President Aguinaldo in Naic informing him
of the report of Colonel Agapito Bonzon, who arrested Andres Bonifacio and some twenty followers,
after an armed encounter in Barrio Limbon, Indang, Cavite, Colonel Pantaleon Garcia is appointed sole
Judge of a court martial.
September 02, 1898- The First Batallion of the First South Dakota Volunteer Infantry, disembarks at
Manila.

September 03, 1898- La Independencia, the periodical organ of the Revolution, is founded by the General
Antonio Luna, with Leon Ma. Guerrero, Cecilio Apostol, Jose Palma, Mariano V. del Rosario, Rosa
Sevilla, Rafael Palma, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Salvador V. del Rosario, and Felipe G. Calderon as staff
members.

September 04, 1898- Emilio Aguinaldo issues an executive proclamation summoning the people to send
delegates to the Congress to be held in Malolos, Bulacan, on 15 September.

September 08, 1898- General Otis demands the withdrawal of Filipino forces from the entire city of
Manila, its suburbs, and defenses.

September 10, 1898- The capital of the Revolutionary Government moves to MAlolos, Bulacan, from
Bacoor, Cavite, in view of the danger of an armed clash between the American forces and the
revolutionaries.

-The American Soldier, a privately owned American newspaper in the Philippines founded by
George S. Geis, publishes its first issue in Manila.

- American forces reconnoiter the vicinity of Sampaloc provoking General Pantalcon Garcia, who
holds this particular line of defense, to report the matter to General Aguinaldo. He is ordered to ask the
Americans to leave and to prepare to defend his line against any imtrusion.

- With the Americans reportedly pressing forward north of the river towards Caloocan and La
Loma, Aguinaldo authorizes resistance to secure these positions.

- Howard Bray writes Emilio Aguinaldo that General Merritt has intimated to him that the
Revolutionary Government should occupy Visayas and Mindanano.

September 12, 1898- End of Spanish rule in Camarines Norte.

- American inform their government that is no longer possiblefor Spain, under any circumstance, to
regain possession of the Philippines, a point that is essential in determining whether a new, independent
nation should be recognized.

September 13, 1898- Emilio Aguinaldo sends General Elwell S. Otis a commission of three members to
request the American commander to withdraw his ultimatum and to request, instead, compliance with
Filipino demands.

September 15, 1898- Representatives of the provinces meet at Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan, and
convene the Revolutionary Congress, which drafts the Constitution of the First Philippine Republic.
- La Republica Filipina, founded by Pedro A. Paterno, starts publication.
- The Filipino forces withdraw, as requested by General Otis, from the limits of the city of Manila,
with the exception of the districts of Paco and Pandacan, south of the Pasig River.

September 16, 1898- Benito Legarda is elected Vice-President of the Malolos Congress.
September 17, 1898- Uprising of the Guardia Civil in Nueva Caceres.

September 18, 1898- End of the Spanish politico-military government in Catanduanes.

September 20, 1898- Birth in Dingras, Ilocos Norte, of Josefa Escoda, social worker, provider of foods,
clothing, medicine, and comfort to Filipino and Ameerican prisoners of war during the Japanese
occupation of the Philippines. Killed in January, 1945.

- The Filipino members of the Spanish Guardia Civil in Albay desert and join their revolutionary
countrymen as comrades-in-arms.

September 21, 1898- Dr. T.H. Pardo de Tavera, who is in favor of the Philippine Republic under
American protection, says that he is the most ardent defender of that idea and its principal propagandist.

- End of the Spanissh rule in Albay and Sorsogon.

September 22, 1898- The Filipinos capture Albay, then march to Legazpi, forcing the Spaniards to flee.

- Some 1,500 Tagalogs land in Antique, bringing with them heavy artillery.

September 23, 1898- Felipe Agoncillo, special Philippine envoy, and his secretary Sixto Lopez, arrive in
San Francisco on their way to Washington to confer with President McKinley regarding the Philippine
case, which is to be discussed in the forthcoming peace conference in Paris.

- Evacuation of all Spaniards residing n the Bicol region.

September 25, 1898- The Filipino Conggress assembles in the church at Barasoian to perfect the
organization of the Filipino government.

September 26, 1898- Gregorio Araneta is appointed Secretary of Justice and Felipe Buencamino,
Secretary of Development of the Aguinaldo Cabinet.

- The following leaders compose the Philippine military hierarchy: Emilio Aguinaldo, President:
Baldomero Aguinaldo, Secretary of War; Antonio Luna, Director; Artemio Ricarte, Vito Belarmino,
Emiliano Riego de Dios-Generals of Division; Tomas Mascardo, Pantaleon Garcia, Mariano Llanera,
Mariano Noriel, Isidro Torres, Miguel Malvar, and Paciano Rizal-Brigadier-Generals.

September 28, 1898- The President of the provisional government of Albay, Anacleto Solano, sends a
message of adhesion to General Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippine Republic.

September 29, 1898- The island of Burias is placed under the Revolutionary Government Ananias
Diokno, its seat being San Pascual.

- The first number of El Heraldo de la Revolucion is issued at Malolos, Bulacan. As the official
publication of the Malolos Congress, it prints and publishes the decrees, proclamations, and accounts of
the proceedings of the Congress.

- The declaration of independence of the Philippines is ratified by the Revolutionary Congress at

Malolos, Bulacan.
 - Dr. T.H. Pardo de Tavera is appointed honorary member of the Board of Health of Manila by
General Elwell S. Otis.

October 01, 1898- The peace negotiations between Spain and the United States start. The knottiest
problem confronting the commissioners is the disposal of the Philippines. To the Americans the
Philippines is terra incognita, General Merritt and other officials familiar with the subject go to Paris to
furnish the necessary information to the Peace Conference.

- President McKinley receives Felipe Agoncillo in Washington.

- Cayetano Arellano takes his oath of office for the portfolio of Foreign Affairs together with Dr.
T.H. Pardo de Tavera, who is sworn in as Director of Diplomacy.

October 03, 1898- General Vicente Lukban returns to the Philippines from Hongkong, where he and
other revolutionaries exiled.

October 09, 1898- General Thomas M. Anderson and his staff, while proceeding up the Pasig River in a
steam launch, are ordered to return to the city by Filipino guards.

October 10, 1898- Upon orders of a military court, Apolinario Mabini is arrested in his house by a
sergeant of the Guardia Civil Veterana and confirmed to the San Juan de Dios Hospital because of his
illness.

- Death of Teodoro Plata, one of the founders of the Katipunan. Born in the year 1866.

- General Elwell S. Otis demands removal of Filipino forces from Paco, Pandacan, and other points
established by survey to be within the city limits.

October 11, 1898- The Manila Times, the first American daily, founded by Thomas Gowan, starts
publication.

October 13, 1898- Juan Luna leaves Singapore on board the German steamer Sachsen for Hongkong to
confer with the Hongkong Junta.

October 19, 1898- The Unibersidad Literaria de Filipinas, the seat of highest learning of the Republic, is
established in Malolos, Bulacan, with Dr. Joaquin Gonzales as its President. He is succeeded by Dr. Leon
Ma. Guerrero.

- General Elwell S. Otis writes the Secretary of War concerning actual conditions in the
Philippines; “Situation somewhat improved. Influence of Filipinos of education and property not desiring
independent government, but hostile to Spain, gaining ascendency in revolutionary councils. Believe
Spanish residents constantly plotting to inaugurate hostilities between our forces and Filipinos. Freedom
of press permitted, but greatly abused. Many articles published entirely devoid of truth; have no effect
here. Filipino authority crude. . . .Aguinaldo moderately reorganized”.

October 20, 1898- Aguinaldo issues a decree appointing Fr. Gregorio Aglipay Military Vicar General hus
makes Aglipay the official religious leader of the revolutionary government.
October 21, 1898- The 69th regiment stationed in Mindanao joins the Revolutionary in the company of
Engineer corps and some convict from the penal colonies.

- Gregorio Aglipay issues a letter to the Filipino clergy urging them to organize themselves into a
cohesive body geared to the needs of the national emergency and to create a council which will ask
the Pope to appoint Filipinos to all church positions from archbishop down to the lowest parish priest.

October 23, 1898- The Spanish garrison in Baler, Tayabas (now Quezon) capitulates after holding off for
sometime an attack launched by about four hundred Filipinos. The attackers come from Pantabangan,
Carangalan, and San Jose de Casiguran and are led by Teodorico Novico.

October 24, 1898- The Burgos Institute, a school for boys in Malolos, Bulacan founded by Enrique
Mendiola is given official recognition as a secondary college by the government.

November 01, 1898- Rev. Felixberto Suani, army chaplain, is authorized to organise secondary colleges
in the Ilocos Provinces and to request the aid and cooperation of local offices.

November 02,1898- In a letter Roque Lopez, leader of Panay patriots, urges Aniceto Lacson to arouse
the Negros people to join the revolution.

November 05, 1898- The Republic of Negros is proclaimed in the town of Bago by the Revolutionary
forces led by General Juan Anacleto Araneta and Aniceto Lacson.

- A telegram is received uprising the Filipino agents at Yokohama that arms are needed very badly
by the Revolutionary Government.

November 06, 1898- In the of Jose Luzuriaga in Babylon, Negros Occidental, a group of Spaniards and
Filipinos are gathered to write finis to Spanish rule in the Philippines in the province. They sign the
capitulation papers of Bacolod, turning over the city to the Revolution.

November 07, 1898- The liberators of Negros, assembled in Bacolor, promulgate a constitution and
establish the Provisional Revolutionary Government with Anicleto Lacson, President; Juan Araneta,
Secretary of War; Eusebio Luzuriaga, Secretary of Treasury; Simeon Lizares, Secretary of Interior; Nicolas
Golez, Secretary of Famento; Antonio Jayme, Secretary of Justice; Augustin Amenablar, Secretary of
Agriculture and Commerce; and Melecio Severino, Executive Secretary.

November 12, 1898- a provisional government is established by the inhabitants in Negros with Aniceto
Lacson, President; and Jose Luis Luzuriaga, Vice-President of the Congress in Negros.

November 17, 1898- A provisional Revolutionary Government of the Visayas is organized in Sta. Barbara,
Iloilo. The officers are Roque Lopez, President; Vicente Franco, Vice-President and Secretary of the
Interior; Venancio Conception, Secretary of Finance; Ramon Avanceña, Secretary of State; Jovito Yusay,
Secretary of Justice; Julio Hernandez, Secretary of War; and Fernando Salas, General Secretary.

November 23, 1898- A commission of 10 members, presided over by Felipe Agoncillo, is formed with the
object informing the Western world of the capacity of Filipinos to govern themselves, and of pressing for
the recognition of the independence of the Philippines.
November 24, 1898- San Jose, Antique, is occupied by the expiditonary forces of General Leandro Fullon.
After the fall of San Jose, the following officials are named to head Antique, Angel Salazar, Sr., Governor;
Santos Capadocia, Vice-Governor; Anacleto Villavert Jimenez and Jose Fontanilla, Councilor of Justice;
Anselmo Alicante, Councilor of Internal Revenue and Vicente Gella, Representative of Malolos.

November 26, 1898- By act of the Malolos Congress, the republic is authorized to issue paper money in
the amount of 3,000,000 to be redeemed in three years.

November 29, 1898- The Revolutionary Congress approves the Malolos Constitution.

- The assembly at Malolos decides to recognize the equality of all forms of worship and proclaims
the separation of church and state.

November 30, 1898- General Mascardo telegraphs Aguinaldo from San Fernando asking if he may open
fire on American troops to prevent them from disembarking. Aguinaldo promptly answered in the
affirmative.

December 05, 1898- Miguel Malva telegraphs General Aguinaldo from Lipa that according to a dispatch
from Batangas, American divers are working unceasingly and that a subordinate has ordered that they
be fired on if they attempt to land. Aguinaldo replies that he does not mind their working at sea, but
that they must not be allowed to land under any circumstance.

December 06, 1898- Sandico telegraphs Aguinaldo as follows, "the difficulty last night with the American
troops at the San Juan picket has been adjusted without harm. Our preparations ought to continue,
pending others."

December 07, 1898- U.S. Military expeditions under the command of Brigafier-General Marcos P. Miller
and Colonel J.C Loper arrive at Manila.

December 09, 1898- Juan Cailles telegraphs Aguinaldo a most urgent and confidential report: "three
thousand of Americans are in front of his position in Singalong." Aguinaldo wires back: "Three thousands
American soldiers are few against my colonel and his three hundred soldiers, and I believe you have
more than that number."

December 10, 1898- The Treaty of Peace ending the Spanish-American War is signed.

December 12, 1898- Revolutionary Country of State for the Visayas is created.

-Felipe Agoncillo protests against the Treaty of Paris declaring that it cannot be accepted as binding
by his government in as much as the Commission did not admit the Filipino to its deliberations despite
the latter's indisputable rights to have a say in their future life.

December 13, 1898- General Otis receives a petition signed by the businessmen and firms of Iloilo asking
for Americans occupation and protection.

December 14, 1898- The Revolutionaries attack Iloilo City but are repulsed by Spanish gunfire.
December 15, 1898- Spanish troops in Jaro retreat to Iloilo.

- A dispatch from Washington instructs Rounsevelle Wildman, Consul in Hongkong, to decline the
proferred alliance with the Filipinos, to refuse all contracts for the purchase of arms, and to refuse to
send any more communications of a similar nature to Washington.

December 16, 1898- Lieutenant-Colonel Agustin Solis is ordered to occupy, Jaro, Iloilo, as General Martin
Delgado transfers his headquarters from Santa Barbara to the Jaro Seminary.

December 17, 1898- Inauguration of the Santa Barbara Revolutionary Government. General Adriano
Hernandez is designated chief-of-staff of the Ejercito Libertador or liberating army of Iloilo.

December 18, 1898- La Revolucion, a weekly published in Jaro, Iloilo.

December 21, 1898- U.S. President William McKinley announces his policy of Benevolent Assimilation of
the Philippines.

December 23, 1898- Spanish General Diego de los Rios, acting on orders from Madrid on December 15,
turns over Iloilo to the local mayor, asks the German Consul to take charge of Spanish interests there, and
then leaves for Manila.

December 24, 1898- The Spanish forces under General Diego de los Rios evacuate Iloilo City, and on the
following day the Visayan patriots under General Martin Delgado occupy it.

December 25. 1898- The Spaniards surrender Iloilo to General Martin Delgado, Visayan leader.

December 27, 1898- General Emilio Aguinaldo receives a telegram noting the increasing discontent
in the provinces of Pangasinan, Tarlac and Ilocos. The townspeople of Bayambang have risen in revolt on
the 25th and 26th of the month, killing all the civil officials as the result of the abuses committed by
Military and civil authorities. He urges the sending of a force of 100 men and a diplomatic officer to
reestablish order.

December 28, 1898- General Marcos P. Miller and the American expeditionary forces from Manila
appear in Iloilo harbour; but the Visayans refuse to permit his landing without authorization from
General Aguinaldo.
December 30, 1898- All military stations
outside Luzon, with the exception of Zamboanga, are turned over by the Spaniards to the Filipinos.

- Insurgent leaders at Iloilo continue to refuse to allow the landing of U.S. troops.

December 31, 1898- Merchants and foreign residents petition General Marcus P. Miller to postpone the
landing of troops in Iloilo to avert disorder in the city, which is occupied by the "insurgents".