Biomolecules Dietary Fibers

-organic molecule -provides structures in plants

-very diverse
Carbohydrates -cannot be broken down human enzymes
-made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms >Soluble fibers
*These atoms form Chemical Bonds that follow the -are vicious and can be digested by intestinal bacteria
laws of nature. also known as Fermentability
>Insoluble fibers
Simple Carbohydrates -nonviscous
 Monosaccharides -not digested by intestinal bacteria
-single sugars
-most are hexoses Proteins Structure and Function
>Glucose Proteins
-serves as the essential energy source -made up of about 15% of the cell
-known as blood sugar or dextrose -serve as enzymes
>Fructose >Structural
-sweetest ex. RBC (Hemoglobin Transport)
-occurs naturally in honey and fruits >Storage
-added to many foods in the form of high-fructose >Signaling and Receptors
e.g. corn syrup -cells communicate with each other
>Galactose -send chemical signals
-occurs naturally as single sugar >Gene Regulation
-on if need off if not needed (Gene regulator)
 Disaccharides
-pairs of monosaccharides Protein Structure
-one of which is always glucose -made up of amino acids
-condensation reactions link monosaccharide -linked by peptide bonds
together >Polypeptide backbone
-hydrolysis reactions split molecules and commonly -repeating sequence of the carbon and nitrogen
during digestion linked by peptide bond
>Maltose
-consist of two glucose units Amino Acids
-produced during the germination of seeds and >Hydrophilic
fermentation -Polar amino acids
>Sucrose ex. theonine, aspartic acid
-fructose and glucose combined >Hydrophobic
-sugar cone -non-polar amino acid
>Lactose ex. glycine, leucine
-galactose and glucose combined
-found in milk and milk production Essential Amino Acids
ex. food, proteins you need
Complex Carbohydrates Non Essential Amino Acids
Coligosaccharides ex. proteins the body does not need
-are many polysaccharides
-glucose units bound/linked together
e.g.
Glycogen
-storage form of glucose in the body
-provides a release of energy when needed
-found in animals
Starches
-storage form of glucose in plants
-found in grains, tubers and legumes