Ateneo de Manila University

CIVIL LAW REVIEW II

IV-A
Second Semester, 2018-2019
Dean C.R. del Castillo

To earn credit for this course, students are expected to have a detailed knowledge of the topics set
out below. The course shall consist principally of three parts: PART I shall include the general laws on
Obligations and Contracts, Book IV, Title I (Chapters 1 to 4), Title II (Chapters 1 to 9), Civil Code of the
Philippines), including Natural Obligations (Title III), Estoppel (Title IV) and Trusts (Title V); and general
laws on Prescription, Book III, Title V, (Chapters 1 to 3), Civil Code of the Philippines; and PART II shall
include general laws on Wills and Succession, Book III, Title IV (Chapters 1-4), Civil Code of the
Philippines. Students are expected to have sufficient knowledge not only of the provisions of the Code, but
also jurisprudence thereon, related legislations and cases listed herein, or in any updated list as may be
subsequently distributed.

PART I
OBLIGATIONS and CONTRACTS

1. General Provisions on Obligations (Arts. 1156-1162, CC)

1.1 Distinguished from Contracts

1.2 Concept
1.3 Essential Elements
1.4 Sources
Metropolitan Bank v. Rosales GR 183204 Jan 13/2014

2. Prestations (Arts. 1163-1168, CC)

2.1 To Give

2.1.1 Determinate and Generic Terms

2.1.2 Accessory Obligations in Obligations
to Give Determinate Things

a. Exercise of diligence of a good father of a family

b. Fruits (Art. 1187)
c. Accessions and accessories

2.2 To Do or Not To Do
2.3 Consequences of Failure to Comply with
Required Prestation Cf. Art. 1191, CC

Angeles v. Calasang GR 42283 Mar 18/1985

ASB Realty Corp v. Ortigas Co. Ltd. GR 202947 Dec 9, 2015
PEZA v. Philhino Sales Corp GR 185765 Sept 28, 2016
Buenviaje v. Sps. Salonga GR 216023 Oct 5, 2016

3. Breach (Art. 1169-1174, CC)

3.1 Causes
Guanio v. Makati Shangrila GR 190601 Feb 7/2011
R.S. Tomas v. Rizal Cement GR 173155 Mar 21/2012

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 3.1.1. Dolo
Tankeh v. DBP GR 171428 Nov 11/2013
Sps. Tumbay v. Sps. Lopez GR 171692 June 3/2013

3.1.2. Culpa
Mendezo v. Sps. Gomez GR 160110 June 18/2014
Torres-Madrid Brokerage v. FEB Mitsui GR 194121 July 11, 2016
Spouses Estrada v. Phil Rabbit Bus Line GR 203902 July 19, 2017

3.1.3 Mora/Default
Pantaleon v. American Express Intl GR 174269 Aug 25/2010
JPlus Asia Dev. V. Utility Assurance Corp GR 199650 June 16/2013

3.2 Fortuitous Events

Victorias Planters Asso v. Victorias Milling GR 6648, July 25/1955.
Philippine Free Press v. C.A. GR 132864, Oct 24/2005
Metro Concast Steel Corporation v. Allied Bank GR 177921 Dec 4/2013
Tagaytay Realty v. Gacutan GR 160033 July 1/2015

4. Usurious Transactions/Obligations Payable in Installments

(Arts. 1175-1176, CC)
Spouses Bacolor v. Banco Filipino GR 148491 Feb 8/2007

5. Rights of Creditors (Arts. 1177-1178, CC)

6. Different Kinds of Obligations

6.1 Pure (Art. 1179)

6.2 Conditional (Art. 1179-1180)

6.2.1 Suspensive condition
Cabrera v. Isaac GR 16670 Nov 19, 2014
Sps Domingo v. Sps Manzano GR 201883 Nov 16, 2016
Sagun v. ANZ Global Services and Operations GR 220399 Aug 22, 2016

6.2.2 Resolutory Condition

Danan v. Spouses Serrano GR 195072 Aug 1/2016

6.2.3 Potestative, Casual or Mixed

Catungal v. Rodriguez GR 146839 Mar 23/2011
Andal v. PNB GR 194201 Nov 27/2013

6.2.4 Effect of Immoral, Illicit and Impossible Conditions

6.2.5 Coupled with a Term

a) If period intended for fulfillment

cf. Art. 1197

6.3 Reciprocal Obligations

6.3.1 Nature; Effect

Condition for performance

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 Forest Hills Golf v. Vertex Sales GR 202205 Mar 6/2013
The Wellex Group v. U-Land Airlines GR 167519 Jan. 14, 2015

6.3.2 Necessity of court approval

Golden Valley Exploration v. Pinkian Mining GR 190080 June 11/2014
The Wellex Group v. U-Land Airlines GR 167519 Jan 14/2015
Spouses Lam v. Kodak Philippines GR 167615 Jan 11/2016
Nissan Car Lease Phils v. Lica Management GR 176986 Jan 13/2016

6.3.3 Resolution under Art. 1191 v. Rescission

Rivera v. Del Rosario GR 144934 Jan 15/2004
Reyes v. Tuparan GR 188064 June 1/2011
Fong v. Duenas GR 185592 June 15/2015

6.4 Obligations with a Period

6.4.1. Concept

6.4.2. ‘Day Certain’ Meaning

Solante v. COA GR 207348 Aug 19/2014

6.4.3. Distinguished from Conditional Obligations

6.4.4. Kinds
a) Suspensive
b) Resolutionary

6.4.5. Effects; non-retroactivity

6.4.6. Rights of Parties Before Arrival of Term

a) Loss, Deterioration of Improvement
b) Payment; Recovery

6.4.7. Period; For whose benefit

a) Exceptions

6.4.8. When courts may fix period

Abad v. Goldloop GR 168108 April 13/2007
Quesada v. Bonanza Restaurants GR 207500 Nov 14/2016

6.5 Multiple Obligations

6.5.1 Conjunctive
6.5.2 Alternative

a) Right of choice
1) Debtor’s choice
2) Creditor’s choice

6.5.3 Facultative

6.6 Joint Obligations

6.6.1 Concept
Sps. Benot v. Siapno GR 188944 July 9/2014

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 6.6.2 Distinguished from Solidary Obligations
Sps. Ibanez v. Harper GR 194272 Feb 15/2017

6.6.3 Liability of joint debtors

6.7 Solidary Obligations

6.7.1 Concept
Sinamban v. China Banking Corp GR 193890 Mar 1/2015
Carodan v. China Banking Corp GR 210542 Feb 24/2016

6.7.2 When solidary liability exists

a) when obligation so states
Boston Equity Resources v. CA GR 173946 June 19/2013
AFP Retirement v. Sanvictores GR 207586 Aug 17/2016

b) by law
Aratea v. Suico GR 170284 Mar 16/2007
Navida v. Dizon Jr. GR 125078 (& others)
May 30/2011
Vigilla v. Phil College of Criminology GR 200094 June 10/2013

c) when nature of obligation requires it

MWSS v. Daway GR 160732 June 21/2004

6.7.3 Words importing solidarity

Ronquillo v. CA GR 55138 Sept 28/1984

6.7.4 Solidary Debtor v. Surety

Stronghold Insurance Co. v. Tokyu Construction GR 158820-21 Jun 5/2009
CCC Insurance Corp v. Kawasaki Steel Corp GR 156162 Jun 22/2015

6.7.5 Kinds

a) Active
i) Effects between solidary creditors and debtor

ii) Effects among solidary creditors themselves

b) Passive
i) Effects between solidary debtors and creditor
- payment of obligation
- defense

ii) Effects among solidary debtors themselves

- reimbursement
- insolvency of one

iii) Effect of different terms and conditions

iv) Release of solidary debtor

c) Mixed

6.8 Joint Indivisible Obligations

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 6.8.1 Nature of liability
6.8.2 Necessity of concurrence
6.8.3 Effect of Non-fulfillment; insolvency of one

6.9 Divisible and indivisible Obligations

a) Presumptions of Indivisibility

6.10 Obligations with a Penal Clause

6.10.1 When demandable

6.10.2 Purpose
6.10.3 Collection of penalty:
a) in lieu of principal
b) in addition to principal
c) in lieu/in addition to interest
6.10.4 Reduction
Buenaventura v. Metro Bank GR 167082 Aug 3/2016

7. Modes of Extinguishment of Obligations

7.1 Payment or Performance

7.1.1 Rules
a. Integrity
a.1) Meaning
Alonzo v. San Juan GR 137549 Feb 11/2005

a.2) Exceptions
- Substantial Performance in good faith
-Acceptance as Full
Int’l Hotel Corp v. Joaquin Jr. GR 158361 Apr 13/2013

a.3) Rebus Sic Stantibus

Comglasco v. Santos Car Check GR 202989 Mar 25/2015

a.4) Proper parties

-Any person authorized

Sps. De la Cruz v. Concepcion GR 172825 Oct 11/2012

-In Possession of Credit

-By a Third Person

Figuera v. Ang GR 204264 June 29/2016
Estrada v. Phil Rabbit GR 203902 July 19/2017

-To the proper party

Republic v. De Guzman GR 175021 June 15/2011

b. Identity
c. Indivisibility

7.1.2 Special Rules on Monetary Obligations

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 a. In legal tender-meaning
Comm. Of Customs v. AGFHA Inc.GR 187425 Mar 28/2011
Union Bank v. Tiu GR 173090 Sept. 7/2011

b. Payment in Checks or Mercantile Documents

Pabugaois v. Sahjwani GR 156846 Feb 23/2004
FEBTC v. Diaz Realty GR 138588 Aug 21/2001

c. Extraordinary Inflation or Deflation

Citibank v. Sabeniano GR 156132 Oct 12/2006
Sec of DPWH v. Sps. Tecson GR 179334 Apr 21/2015

d. Interest
Rep. of the Phil. v. de Guzman GR 175021 June 15/2011
Nacar v. Gallery Frames GR 189871 Aug 2013
Frilou Construction v. Aegis Integrated GR 191088 Aug 17/2016
Security Bank v. Sps. Mercado GR 192934/197010
June 27/2018

7.1.3 Place of Payment

7.2 Special Forms of Payment

7.2.1 Application of Payment

a. Requirements
Spouses Tan v. China Banking Corp GR 200299 Aug. 17/2016
b. Rules
b.1) Stipulation
b.2) Debtor to Make Application
b.3) Creditor Purposes
b.4) Most Onerous
b.5) Proportionate

7.2.2 Dation in Payment

Typingco v. Lim GR 181232 Oct. 23/2009
Luzon Dev Bank v. Enriquez GR 168666 Jan 12/2011
Tan Shuy v. Sps. Mulawin GR 188064 Feb 8/2012

7.2.3 Cession (Assignment for the benefit

of creditors)

a. Requirements
b. Difference from Dation in Payment
c. How obligation extinguished

7.2.4 Tender of Payment and Consignation

a. Difference between Tender and Consignation

b. Tender without consignation
c. When tender alone produces legal effect
d. Consignation

d.1) B.P. 877

d.2) Requirements for valid consignation

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 PNB v. Chan GR 206037 Mar 13/2017
d.4) Risk of Loss
d.5) Acceptance of Payment by Creditor

7.2.5 Loss of Impossibility of Performance

a. Loss of Determine Things

a.1) Through fault/negligence of debtor
a.2) Through fortuitous events
- when debtor liable
b. Loss of Generic Things
c. Impossibility of Performance
- Physical Impossibility
- Legal Impossibility
- Moral Impossibility

7.2.6 Condonation or Remission of Debt

a. Requirements
- Acceptance
- Liberality
- Formalities

b. Revocation
c. Implied Condonation
- Presumption

7.2.7 Confusion or Merger of Rights

7.2.8 Compensation

a. Distinguished from Confusion

b. Kinds
b.1) Legal Compensation – requirements
Mondragon Personal Sales v. Sola GR 174882 Jan /2013
Marphil Export v. Allied Bank GR 187922 Sept 21/2016
California Marketing v. Advanced
Technology System GR 202454 Apr 25/2017

b.2) Conventional
Traders Royal Bank v. Castanares GR 172020 Dec 6/2010

b.3) Facultative
b.4) Judicial

c. Taxes – not subject to compensation

Francia v. IAC GR 67649 June 28/1988

d. Effect of Assignment of Credit

7.2.9 Novation

a. Kinds
a.1) Real or Objectives
a.2) Personal or Subjective
Debtor – Expromision

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 Delegacion
Creditor – Conventional/Legal Subrogation
a.3) Mixed

b. Manner
- Express
- Implied
Heirs of Franco v. Sps. Gonzales GR 159709 June 27/2012
Paradigm Dev Corp v. BPI GR 191174 June 7/2017

c. Requirements
Ong v. Bognalbal GR 149140 Sept 12/2006

d. Real/Objective Novation

e. Personal/Subjective Novation
1) Change of Debtors
- Expromision
- Delegation
BPI v. Domingo GR 169407 Mar 25/2015

- Distinction from payment

by a 3rd person

3) Change of Creditors

- Conventional and Legal Subrogation

Republic Flour v. Forbes Factors GR Oct 19/2011

- Conventional Subrogation distinguished

from assignment of credit

- Legal Subrogation
Keppel Cebu Shipyards v. Pioneer GR 152313 Sept 18/2012
Figuera v. Ang GR 2014264 June 29/2016

8. Contracts; General Provisions

8.1 Definition
8.2 Basic Principles
a. Autonomy of the will of the parties
PSALM v. Pozzolanic Phils. GR 183789Aug 24/2011
b. Mutuality
Sps. Silos v. PNB GR 181045 July 2/2014
Quesada v. Bonanza Restaurants GR 207500 Nov 14/2016
Sps. Limso v. PNB GR 158622 Jan 27/2016

c. Relativity
Ureta v. Ureta GR 165748 & 165930
Sept. 14, 2011
Dona Adela Export v. TIDCOR GR 201931 Feb 11/2015
Exceptions:

1) when binding only between parties

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 2) when third persons may be affected

d. Obligatory Force
PL Uy Realty v. ALS Management GR 166642 Oct 24/2012

9. Essential Elements of Contracts

9.1 Consent
a. Requirements
1) parties
2) legal capacity

b. How manifested
1) Negotiation
Int’l Freeport Traders v. Danzus Intercon GR 181833 Jan 26/2011

2) Offer/ Acceptance
MCA-MBF Countdown v. MBF Int’l Ltd GR 173586 Mar 14/2012
Heirs of Ignacio v. Home Bankers Savings GR 17783 Jan 23/2013
Landless Asso v. Robern Dev Corp GR 173622 Mar 11/2013

c. Options/Right of First Refusal

Vasquez v. Ayala Corp GR 149734 Nov 19/2004
Tanay Recreation v. Fausto GR 140182 Apr 15/2005
Osmena v. PSALM GR 212686 Sept 28/2015
PNOC v. Keppel Phils. Holdings GR 202050 July 25/2016

d. Business Advertisements

e. Bids

f. Vices of Consent
1. Mistake
2. Violence & Intimidation
3. Undue influence
4. Fraud
i) in the performance
ii) in the celebration
- dolo causante
- dolo incidente
g. Simulated Contracts
1. Absolute
2. Relative
Orion Savings Bank v. Suzuki GR 205487 Nov 12/2014

9.2 Object

a. Things
1) Existing or capable of existence in the future
2) licit/lawful
3) determine or determinable

b. Rights
1) Transmissible
Genato v. Bayhon GR 171035, Aug 24/2009

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 c) Services
1) Not contrary to law, policy, morals
2) Possible

9.3 Cause

a) Kinds
Onerous Remunatory
Gratuitous

b) Difference from Motives

c) Absence or Illegality

d) Effect of False Cause

e) Presumption of Cause
f) Lesion or inadequacy of Price

10. Form of Contracts

10.1Form not essential – except:

a) formal contracts
b) real contracts

10.2When party may require execution of form

Clarin v. Rulona GR 30786 Feb 20/1984

10.3For convenience
Aglibot v. Santia GR 185945 Dec 5/2012
Castillo v. Security Bank GR 196118 July 30/2014

11. Reformation

11.1 When available

Huibonhoa v. C.A. GR 95897 Dec 14/1999
Multi-Ventures Capital v. Stalwart Mgmt GR 157439 July 4/2007

11.2 Distinguish from:

a) annulment
b) relative simulation

11.3 Grounds
11.4 When not available

12. Rescissible Contracts

12.1Nature of Defect

12.2Distinguish from Resolution under Art. 1191

Wellex Group v. U-Land Airlines Co. Ltd. GR 167519 Jan 14/2015

12.3Contracts subject to rescission

1) Entered into be guardians/legal representatives

with lesion

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 i) acts of ownership
ii) acts of administration

2) In representation of absentees with lesion

3) In fraud of creditors

i) when fraud exists

ii) requirements

Metrobank v. International Exchange Bank GR 176008 & 176131,

Aug. 10/2011
Buenviaje v. Salonga GR 216023 Oct 5/2016
4) Object of litigation
Ada v. Baylon GR 182435, Aug 13/2012

5) Payment by an insolvent

6) Presumption of Fraud
Lee v. Bangkok Bank Public Co. Ltd. GR 173349, Feb 9/2011

12.4Mutual Restitution

13. Voidable Contracts

13.1Distinguished from void contracts

Bernas v. Cinco GR 163356-57 Jul 1/2015

13.2Grounds
Hernandez v. Hernandez GR 158576 Mar 9/2011
Paradigm Dev Corp v. BPI GR 191174 June 7/2017

13.3Mutual Restitution

14. Unenforceable Contracts

14.1Unauthorized contracts
Badillo v. Ferrer GR 51369 July 29/1987
University of Mindanao v. BSP GR 194964-65 Jan 11/2016

14.2Statute of Frauds
San Miguel Properties v. BF Homes GR 169343 Aug 5/2015
Heirs of Natividad v. Trinidad GR 198434 Feb 29/2016

15. Void Contracts

15.1Lack of Essential Elements

Catindig v. Meneses GR 168875, Feb 2/2011
Heirs of Mario Intac v. CA GR 173211 Oct 11/2012

15.2Prohibited Contracts
15.3Illegal Contracts

a) In pari delicto-effects
Borromeo v. Mina GR 193747 June 5/2013
Fullido v. Grilli GR 215014 Feb 29/2016

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 Ranara v. De los Angeles GR 200765 Aug 8/2016

b) Exceptions to in pari delicto rule

Menchavez v. Teves GR 153201 Jan 26/2005

15.4Mutual Restitution

16. Natural Obligations

17. Estoppel

18. Trusts

Aznar Brothers Realty Co. v. Aying GR 1444773 Sept 14/2011

Go v. Estate of Tamio de Buenaventura GR 211972/212045
July 22/2015

PRESCRIPTION

1. Acquisitive Prescription

1.1 Good Faith/Bad Faith

1.2 Tacking of Possession

2. Statute of Limitations
Cebu State College v. Misterio GR 179025 Jun 15/2015

PART II
WILLS and SUCCESSION

1. General Principles (Arts. 774-782, CC)

1.1 Definition; Distinguished from Wills

1.2 Parties
1.3 Inheritance
1.4 Transmission; Requirements
Calalang-Parulan v. Calalang Garcia GR 184148, June 9/2014
1.5 Kinds
1.6 Succession from/ wills of Foreign Nationals
Llorente v. CA GR 124371, Nov. 23/2000
Ancheta v. Guersey-Dalaygon GR 139868, June 8/2006
Palaganas v. Palaganas GR 169144, Jan 26/2011

2. Wills (Arts. 783-837, CC)

2.1 Definition, Characteristics

Ureta v. Ureta GR 165748 & 165930

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 Sept. 14/2011
2.2 Interpretation
2.3 Properties Covered
2.4 Testamentary Capacity
Ortega v. Valmonte GR 157451, Dec 16/2005
Baltazar v. Laxa GR 174489, Apr 11/2012

2.5 Notarial Wills; Formal Requirements

Abada v. Abaja GR 147145, Jan 31/2005
Azuela v. CA GR 122880 April 12/2006
Guerrero v. Bihis GR 174144 April 7/2007
Lee v. Tambago AC 5281 Feb 12/2008
Lopez v. Lopez GR 18994 Nov 12/2012

2.6 Qualifications and Disqualifications

a. Testator
b. Witnesses
c. Notarial Acknowledgment

2.7 Holographic Wills; Formal Requirements

Roxas v. de Jesus GR 38338, Jan 28/1995
Rivera v. IAC GR 75005-06, Feb 15/1990

2.8 Testamentary Dispositions

Dy Yieng Seangio v. Reyes GR 140371-72 Nov 27/2006

2.9 Joint Wills

Vda. De Perez v. Tolete GR 76714 June 2/1994

2.10 Codicils and Incorporation By Reference

2.11 Revocation
2.12 Republication and Revival

3. Allowance and Disallowance of Wills (Arts. 838-839 CC)

3.1 Mandatory Character

Roberts v. Leonidas GR 55509 Apr 27/1984
Heirs of Lasam v. Umengan GR 168156 Dec 6/2006

3.2 Scope of Probate Proceedings

Ignacio v. Reyes GR 213192 July 12/2017
Mayor v. Tiu GR 203770 Nov 23/2016
Jardeleza v. Jardeleza GR 167975 Jun 17/2015
Leo Romero v. C.A. GR 188921 Apr 18/2012
Maloles v. Phillips GR 129505/133359
Jan 31/2000
3.3 Exceptions
Gregorio v. Madarang GR 185226, Feb 11/2010
Aranas v. Mercado GR 156407 Jan 15/2014
Morales v. Olondriz GR 198994 Feb 3/2016

3.4 Grounds for Disallowance

Codoy v. Calugay GR 123486, Aug 12/1999
Baltazar v. Laxa GR 174489 Apr 11/2012

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 3.5 Ratification

4. Institution and Substitution of Heirs (Arts. 840-870, CC)

4.1 Concept
4.2 Requirements for Valid Institution
4.3 Basic Principles for Heir Institution
4.4 False Cause-Effect
4.5 Preterition
Non v. CA GR 137287, Feb 5/2000
JLT Agro Inc. v. Balansag GR 141882, Mar 11/2005
Heirs of Oreta v. Heirs of Oreta GR 165748/165930
Sept 14, 2011
Morales v. Olondriz GR 198994 Feb 3/2016

4.6 Substitution of Heirs; Nature and Purpose

4.7 Kinds of Substitution
4.8 Requirements for Substitution
Rabadilla v. CA GR 113725, June 29/2000
Ramirez v. Ramirez GR 27952, Feb 15/1982
Kilayco v. Tengco GR 45425/45965,
Mar 27/1982

5. Conditional Testamentary Dispositions and Those with a Term (Arts. 871-885, CC)

5.1 Conditional Dispositions; Kinds

5.2 With a Term; Kinds
5.3 With a Mode

6. Legitime of Compulsory Heirs (Arts. 886-914, CC)

6.1 Concept
6.2 Compulsory Heirs; Classification
6.3 Order and Share of Compulsory Heirs (cf. Art. 176, Family Code)
6.4 Concurrence and Exclusions
6.5 Illegitimate Relationship; Barrier
Manuel v. Ferrer GR 117246, Aug 21/1995
De la Merced v. De la Merced GR 126707, Feb 25/1999
Heirs of Mabborang v. Mabborang GR 182805 Apr 22/2015

6.6 Adoptive Relationships (cf. Family Code Provisions)

6.7 Inofficious Donations
Imperial v. CA GR 112483, Oct 8/1999
Santos v. Alana GR 154942, Aug 16/2005

6.8 Collation and Reduction

Vizconde v. CA GR 118449, Feb 11/1998
Arellano v. Pascual GR 189776, Dec 5/2010

7. Reserva Troncal (Art. 891, CC)

Mendoza v. De los Santos GR 176422, Mar 20/2013

8. Disinheritance (Arts. 915-923, CC)

8.1 Concept
8.2 Requisites of Valid Disinheritance

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 8.3 Grounds for Disinheritance
8.4 Invalid Disinheritance

9. Legacies and Devices (Arts. 924-959, CC)

9.1 Nature
9.2 Capacity
9.3 Burden of Discharge
9.4 Obligations of the One Charged
9.5 Determinate Real or Personal Properties
9.6 Effect of Encumbrance
9.7 Revocation
9.8 Legacy of Rights
9.9 Alternative Legacies
9.10 Generic Real or Personal Properties

10. Intestate Succession (Arts. 960-1014, CC)

10.1 Causes; Basic Principles

Orendain v. Estate of Rodriguez GR 168660 Jun 30/2009

10.2 Relationship

10.3 Bar Between Legitimate/Illegitimate Relatives

Delgado v. Rustia GR 155733 Jan 27/2006
Intestate Estate of Suntay v. Suntay GR 183053 Jun 16/2010
Heirs of Arado v. Alcoran GR 163362 Jul 8/2015

10.4 Right of Representation

Rosales v. Rosales GR 40789 Feb 27/1987

10.5 Order of Intestate Succession

a. Descending Line
Reyes v. Sotero GR 167405 Feb 16/2006

b. Ascending Line
c. Surviving Spouse
d. Collateral Relatives
Bagunu v. Piedad GR 140975 Dec 8/2000
Arellano v. Pascual GR 189776 Dec 15/2010

e. State

11. Accretion (Arts. 1015-1023, CC)

Heirs of Soliva v. Soliva GR 159611 Apr 22/2015

12. Capacity to Succeed (Arts. 1024-1040, CC)

12.1 Concept
12.2 Absolute Incapacity
12.3 Relative Incapacity
a. Possible Undue Influence
b. Public Morality
c. Unworthiness
12.4 Exclusion of Incapacitated Heir

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13. Acceptance and Repudiation

13.1 Necessity
13.2 Requisites
13.3 Form
13.4 Acts Implying Acceptance
13.5 Presumed Acceptance
13.6 Repudiation; Restrictions
13.7 Effects
13.8 Special Rules

14. Collation (Arts. 1061-1077, CC)

14.1 Concept
Buhay de Roma v. CA GR 46903 July 23/1987

14.2 For Determination of Legitime

14.3 For Equalization
14.4 Requirements
14.5 Optional Collation
14.6 Methods – of Values, In Kind

15. Partition and Distribution of Estate

15.1 Partition; Concept/Form

Spouses Villafria v. Plazo GR 187524 Aug 5/2015
Roman Catholic Bishop v. Prudencio GR 187942 Sept 7/2016

15.2 Classes of Partition; Requirements

Pada-Kilario v. CA GR 134329 Jan 19/2000
Union Bank v. Santibanez GR 149926 Feb 23/2005
Casilang v. Casilang-Dizon GR 180269 Feb 20/2013

15.3 Who May Demand Partition

15.4 Steps in Partition
Natcher v. CA GR 133000 Oct 2/2001

15.5 Legal Redemption

15.6 Effects of Partition; Breach of Warranty
15.7 Nullity
15.8 Rescission
15.9 Modification

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