SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

Definition
• A system of linear equations is two or more
linear equations that are being solved
simultaneously.
Solutions of the system of linear equations are the
points where the two graphs intersect, what they have
in common. So if an ordered pair is a solution to one
equation, but not the other, then it is NOT a solution
to the system.
• A consistent system is a system that has at least
one solution.
• An inconsistent system is a system that has no
solution.
• The equations of a system are dependent if ALL
the solutions of one equation are also solutions
of the other equation. In other words, they end
up being the same line.
• The equations of a system are independent if
they do not share ALL solutions. They can have
one point in common, just not all of them.
 y y

x x

Consistent-Dependent System
Consistent-Independent System (Infinite Solution)
(One Solution)
 y

Inconsistent System
(No Solution)
 Determine whether each ordered pair is a solution
of the system.
(3, 1) and (0,–1)
• 2x – 3y = 3
• 4x – 2y = 10
(3,1) is a solution (0,–1) is not a solution
2(3) – 3(1) = 3 2(0) – 3(–1) = 3
6–3 =3 3=3
3 =3 4(0) – 2(–1) = 10
4(3) – 2(1) = 10 2 = 10
10 = 10
• Methods in Solving System of Linear Equations:
• Graphical Method
• Substitution Method
• Elimination Method
Solve the system of equation by graphing.
• x + 3y = 6 y
• 4y = – 2x + 8

x + 3y = 6
If x = 0 ; y = 2 (0,2) x
If y = 0 ; x = 6 (6,0)
4y = – 2x + 8
If x = 0 ; y = 2 (0,2)
If y = 0 ; x = 4 (4,0) Consistent-Independent System
Solve the system of equations by the substitution
method:
• 3x + y = –3 2 3x + y = –6 Eq. 1
2 2

• y = –3x + 2 2 y = –3x + 4 Eq. 2

2 2
from Eq. 1 substitute y
3x + y = –6
3x +(– 3x + 4) = – 6
4=–6
no solution Inconsistent System
Solve the system of equations by the substitution
method:
• 3x – 2y = 5 Eq. 1
• 5x – y = 6 y = 5x – 6 Eq. 2
from Eq. 1 substitute y from Eq. 2 substitute x
3x – 2y = 5 y = 5x – 6
3x – 2(5x – 6) = 5 y = 5(1) – 6
3x – 10x + 12 = 5 y=–1
(1, –1) consistent independent
x=1 system
• Solve the system of equation by the elimination
method:
• 5x + 3y = 10 – 2 – 10x – 6y = – 20
+
• 10x + 6y = 20 10x + 6y = 20
0=0
Consistent Dependent System
Infinite Solution
Solve the system of equations by the elimination
method:
• – 4x + 6y = 14 Eq. 1
• 2x + y = 5 2 4x + 2y = 10 Eq. 2
to eliminate x add eq. 1 and eq.2
–4x + 6y = 14
4x + 2y = 10 (1, 3) consistent independent
8y = 24 system
y=3
in eq.1 substitute y to solve x
– 4x + 6y = 14
– 4x + 6(3) = 14
– 4x + 18 = 14
– 4x = –4 x =1
• A linear equation in three variables describes
a plane and is an equation equivalent to the
equation
Ax + By + Cz = D
where A, B, C, and D are real numbers and A,
B, C, and D are not all 0.
DEPENDENT SYSTEMS
A consistent system with infinitely many solutions.
INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS
A consistent
system with a
unique solution.
INCONSISTENT SYSTEMS
A system with no solution.
Solve the system of equations for x, y and z
7x + 5y – 3z = 16 eq.1
3x – 5y + 2z = –8 eq.2
5x + 3y – 7z = 0 eq.3
SUBSTITUTION METHOD
Step 1: Solve for one of the variables in one of the equations. It
makes no difference which equation and which variable you
choose. equation (1).
solve for x in equation (1). 7x + 5y – 3z = 16
7x = –5y + 3z + 16

x =–5y + 3z + 16
7
• Step 2: Substitute this value for x in equations (2) and (3).
This will change equations (2) and (3) to equations in the
two variables y and z. Call the changed equations (4) and
(5), respectively.
Step 1: Solve for one of the variables in one of the equations. It
makes no difference which equation and which variable you
choose.
in eq.2 substitute x
3x –5y + 2z = – 8 x =–5y + 3z + 16
7
7 3 –5y + 3z + 16 –5y + 2z = – 8
7
3(3z –5y + 16) + 7( –5y) + 7( 2z) = –56
9z –15y + 48 – 35y + 14z = – 56
– 50y + 23z = – 104 50y – 23z = 104 equation (4)
 5x + 3y – 7z = 0
7 5 –5y + 3z + 16 + 3y – 7z = 0
7
5(3z –5y + 16) +7(3y) +7(–7z) = 7(0)
15z – 25y + 80 + 21y – 49z = 0
– 4y – 34z = – 80
2y + 17z = 40 equation (5)
Step 3:Solve for y in equation (5).
2y + 7z = 40
y = 40–17z equation (6)
2
Step 4:Substitute this value of y in equation (4).
50y – 23z = 104
50 40–17z – 23z = 104
2
25(40– 17z) – 23z = 104
1000 – 425z – 23z = 104
z=2
Step 5:Substitute z in equation (6) and solve for y.

y = 40–17z
2
y = 40 – 17(2)
2
y=3
Step 6:Substitute the value of y and z in equation (1) and solve
for x.
7x + 5y – 3z = 16
7x + 5(3) – 3(2) = 16
7x = 7
x=1
∴ the solution set{1,3,2}
 ELIMINATION METHOD
Reduce three equations to two equations with two
variables, and then to one equation with one variable.
Step 1: Decide which variable will be eliminated.
7x + 5y – 3z = 16 eq.(1)
3x – 5y + 2z = –8 eq.(2) 3(1)–5y+2(2)= –8
5x + 3y – 7z = 0 eq.(3) y=3
In eq.1 and eq.2.eliminate y In eq.2 and 3.eliminate y
7x + 5y – 3z = 16 ( 3x – 5y + 2z = –8 )3 9x –15y+ 6z=–24
3x – 5y + 2z = –8 ( 5x + 3y – 7z = 0 )5 25x +15y –35z= 0
10x – z = 8 eq.(4) eq.(5) 34x –29z= –24
In eq.4 and 5.eliminate z In eq.(4) substitute x to
(10x – z = 8)–29 –290x+29z=–232
34x–29z= –24 34x–29z= –24 solve for z
–256x= –256 x = 1 z=2
• Solve the system of equations by elimination
–5 + 2 7 – z = 4
x + 2y – z = 4 Eq.1 3 3
2x + y + z = –2 Eq.2 z = –1
x + 2y + z = 2 Eq.3
eq.1 and eq.2 eliminate z eq.2 and eq.3 eliminate z
x + 2y – z = 4 (2x + y + z = –2)–1 –2x –y –z = 2
2x + y + z = –2 x + 2y + z = 2 x +2y+z = 2
3x + 3y = 2 Eq.4 Eq.5 x – y = –4
eq.4 and eq.5 eliminate y eq.5 subst. x and solve for y
3x + 3y = 2 3x + 3y = 2 x – y = –4
(x – y = –4)3 3x – 3y = –12 –5 – y = –4
6x = –10 3
–5 y = 7
∴ ss:{ –5 ;
3 3
7 ; –1 } x= 3 3
INCONSISTENT SYSTEMS
A system with no solution.