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6. The initial position, velocity, and 9. A 7.00 kg object is hung from the
acceleration of an object moving in simple bottom end of a vertical spring fastened to
harmonic motion are xi, vi, and ai; the an overhead beam. The object is set into
angular frequency of oscillation is . (a) vertical oscillations having a period of
Show that the position and velocity of the 2.60 s. Find the force constant of the spring.
object for all time can be written as
10. A piston in a gasoline engine is in
v i simple harmonic motion. If the extremes of
x(t) x i cos t sin t
its position relative to its center point are
5.00 cm, find the maximum velocity and
v(t) = – xi sin t + vi cos t acceleration of the piston when the engine
is running at the rate of 3 600 rev/min.
(b) If the amplitude of the motion is A,
show that 11. A 0.500-kg object attached to a
spring with a force constant of 8.00 N/m
v2 – ax = vi2 – ai xi = 2A2 vibrates in simple harmonic motion with an
amplitude of 10.0 cm. Calculate (a) the
7. A simple harmonic oscillator takes maximum value of its speed and
12.0 s to undergo five complete vibrations. acceleration, (b) the speed and acceleration
Find (a) the period of its motion, (b) the when the object is 6.00 cm from the
frequency in hertz, and (c) the angular equilibrium position, and (c) the time
frequency in radians per second. interval required for the object to move
from x = 0 to x = 8.00 cm.
8. A vibration sensor, used in testing a
washing machine, consists of a cube of 12. A 1.00-kg glider attached to a spring
aluminum 1.50 cm on edge mounted on one with a force constant of 25.0 N/m oscillates
end of a strip of spring steel (like a hacksaw on a horizontal, frictionless air track. At
blade) that lies in a vertical plane. The t = 0 the glider is released from rest at
mass of the strip is small compared to that
x = –3.00 cm. (That is, the spring is 16. A 200-g block is attached to a
compressed by 3.00 cm.) Find (a) the period horizontal spring and executes simple
of its motion, (b) the maximum values of its harmonic motion with a period of 0.250 s. If
speed and acceleration, and (c) the position, the total energy of the system is 2.00 J, find
velocity, and acceleration as functions of (a) the force constant of the spring and (b)
time. the amplitude of the motion.
22. A 65.0-kg bungee jumper steps off a 25. While riding behind a car traveling
bridge with a light bungee cord tied to at 3.00 m/s, you notice that one of the car's
herself and to the bridge. The unstretched tires has a small hemispherical bump on its
length of the cord is 11.0 m. She reaches the rim, as in Figure P15.25. (a) Explain why
bottom of her motion 36.0 m below the the bump, from your viewpoint behind the
bridge before bouncing back. Her motion car, executes simple harmonic motion. (b) If
can be separated into an 11.0 m free fall and the radii of the car's tires are 0.300 m, what
a 25.0 m section of simple harmonic is the bump's period of oscillation?
oscillation. (a) For what time interval is she
in free fall? (b) Use the principle of
conservation of energy to find the spring
constant of the bungee cord. (c) What is the
location of the equilibrium point where the
spring force balances the force of gravity
acting on the jumper? Note that this point
is taken as the origin in our mathematical
description of simple harmonic oscillation.
(d) What is the angular frequency of the
oscillation? (e) What time interval is
to the floor and that its period is 12.0 s. (a)
How tall is the tower? (b) What If? If this
pendulum is taken to the Moon, where the
free-fall acceleration is 1.67 m/s2, what is its
period there?
26. Consider the simplified single-piston 29. A rigid steel frame above a street
engine in Figure P15.26. If the wheel rotates intersection supports standard traffic lights,
with constant angular speed, explain why each of which is hinged to hang
the piston rod oscillates in simple harmonic immediately below the frame. A gust of
motion. wind sets a light swinging in a vertical
plane. Find the order of magnitude of its
period. State the quantities you take as
data and their values.
Figure P15.61
Figure P15.59
M m s / 3
T 2
k
m
(b) T 2
k1 k 2
Figure P15.69
Figure P15.74