Basics of Biblical Hebrew PDF

Chapter 1a - Hebrew Alphabet
twenty-three consonants
Letter Name Pronunciation Transliteration
‫א‬ Aleph silent <

‫ב‬ Bet b as in boy b
‫ג‬ Gimel g as in God g
‫ד‬ Dalet d as in day d
‫ה‬ He h as in hay h
‫ו‬ Waw w as in way w
‫ז‬ Zayin z as in Zion z
‫ח‬ Óet ch as in Bach ˙
‫ט‬ Tet t as in toy †
‫י‬ Yod y as in yes y
‫כ‬ Kaf k as in king k
‫ל‬ Lamed l as in lion l
‫מ‬ Mem m as in mother m
‫נ‬ Nun n as in now n
‫ס‬ Samek s as in sin s
‫ע‬ Ayin silent >
‫פ‬ Pe p as in pastor p
‫צ‬ Tsade ts as in boots ß
‫ק‬ Qof k as in king q
‫ר‬ Resh r as in run r
‫שׂ‬ Sin s as in sin ∞
‫שׁ‬ Shin sh as in ship ¡
‫ת‬ Taw t as in toy t
Chapter 1b - Hebrew Alphabet
five final forms
Five Hebrew letters have “final” forms. When one of these

letters occurs at the end of a word, it is written differently
than when it appears at the beginning or in the middle of
a word. The changing of a letter’s form, however, does not
change its pronunciation or transliteration.
Regular Final Example Translit. Translation

Form Form
‫כ‬ ‫ך‬ ‫דרך‬ drk road, way
‫מ‬ ‫ם‬ ‫עם‬ >m nation, people
‫נ‬ ‫ן‬ ‫זקן‬ zqn old man, elder
‫פ‬ ‫ף‬ ‫כסף‬ ksp money, silver
‫צ‬ ‫ץ‬ ‫ארץ‬ <rß earth, land
‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

Chapter 1c - Hebrew Alphabet
six begadkephat consonants
Six consonants have two possible pronunciations and are known as
begadkephat consonants. To distinguish between the two pronunciations, a
dot called Daghesh Lene was inserted into the consonant. The presence of
Daghesh Lene indicates a hard pronunciation and its absence denotes a soft
pronunciation.
Begadkephat Pronunciation Transliteration

Letter
‫בּ‬ b as in boy b
‫ב‬ v as in vine ∫
‫גּ‬ g as in God g
‫ג‬ gh as in aghast ©
‫דּ‬ d as in day d
‫ד‬ dh as in the ƒ
‫כּ‬ k as in king k
‫כ‬ ch as in Bach ¬
‫פּ‬ p as in pastor p
‫פ‬ ph as in alphabet º
‫תּ‬ t as in toy t
‫ת‬ th as in thin ®

Chapter 1d - Hebrew Alphabet
easily confused letters
Hebrew consonants that look alike

1. ‫( ב‬Bet) ‫( כ‬Kaf)
2. ‫( ג‬Gimel) ‫( נ‬Nun)
3. ‫( ה‬He) ‫( ח‬Óet) ‫( ת‬Taw)
4. ‫( שׂ‬Sin) ‫( שׁ‬Shin)
5. ‫( ם‬final Mem) ‫( ס‬Samek)
6. ‫( ד‬Dalet) ‫( ר‬Resh)
7. ‫( צ‬Tsade) ‫( ע‬Ayin)
8. ‫( ו‬Waw) ‫( ז‬Zayin)
9. ‫( ו‬Waw) ‫( ן‬final Nun)
10. ‫( ך‬final Kaf) ‫( ן‬final Nun)
Hebrew consonants that sound alike
1. ‫ט‬ (Tet) ‫( תּ‬Taw with Daghesh Lene)
2. ‫ק‬ (Qof) ‫( כּ‬Kaf with Daghesh Lene)
3. ‫ס‬ (Samek) ‫( שׂ‬Sin)

Chapter 1e - Hebrew Alphabet
modern pronunciation
The pronunciation of modern Hebrew differs in a number

of ways from ancient pronunciation. With the three
begadkephat consonants listed below, the forms without
Daghesh Lene are pronounced like the forms with
Daghesh Lene in modern Hebrew.
Traditional Modern
Consonant Pronunciation Pronunciation
‫ג‬ gh as in aghast g as in God
‫ד‬ dh as in the d as in day
‫ת‬ th as in thin t as in toy
‫ו‬ w as in way v as in vine

Chapter 34a-Hithpael Strong
perfect
Hithpael Perfect
Strong Verb
‫הִתְקַ ּטֵל‬
Qal Hithpael Translation
3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫הִתְקַטֵּל‬ he killed himself
3fs ‫ ְטלָה‬,‫ק‬ ‫הִתְקַ ּטְלָה‬ she killed herself
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ָ‫ט ְלתּ‬.ַּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ you killed yourself
2fs ְ‫ָקטַלְתּ‬ ְ‫הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתּ‬ you killed yourself
1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫ט ְלתִּי‬.ַּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ I killed myself
3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ ‫הִתְקַ ּטְלוּ‬ they killed themselves
2mp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּם‬ ‫הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתֶּם‬ you killed yourselves
2fp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּן‬ ‫הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתֶּן‬ you killed yourselves
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫ַטלְנוּ‬.ּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ we killed ourselves

© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 34b-Hithpael Strong
imperfect
Hithpael Imperfect
Strong Verb
‫יִתְקַ ּטֵל‬
3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יִתְקַ ּטֵל‬ he will kill himself
3fs ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ּטֵל‬ she will kill herself
2ms ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ּטֵל‬ you will kill yourself
2fs ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ְּטלִי‬ you will kill yourself
1cs ‫אְֶקטֹל‬ ‫אֶתְקַ ּטֵל‬ I will kill myself
3mp ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫יִתְקַ ּטְלוּ‬ they will kill themselves
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ‫ט ְלנָה‬.ֵּ ַ‫תִּתְק‬ they will kill themselves
2mp ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ּטְלוּ‬ you will kill yourselves
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ‫ט ְלנָה‬.ֵּ ַ‫תִּתְק‬ you will kill yourselves
1cp ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ‫נִתְקַ ּטֵל‬ we will kill ourselves

Chapter 34c-Hithpael Strong
imperative
Hithpael Imperative
Strong Verb
2ms ‫הִתְקַ ּטֵל ְקטֹל‬ kill yourself!
2fs ‫הִתְקַ ּטְלִי ִקטְלִי‬ kill yourself!
2mp ‫הִתְקַ ְטּלוּ ִקטְלוּ‬ kill yourselves!
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫ט ְלנָה ְק ֹט‬.ֵּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ kill yourselves!

Chapter 34d-Hithpael Strong
infinitive
Hithpael Infinitive
Construct
Hithpael Infinitive
Absolute

Chapter 34e-Hithpael Strong
participle
Hithpael Participle
Strong Verb
‫מִתְקַטֵּל‬
Qal Hithpael
ms ‫ֹקטֵל‬ ‫מִתְקַטֵּל‬
fs ‫לֶת‬.‫ֹק ֶט‬ ‫ֶטלֶת‬.ּ ַ‫מִתְק‬
mp ‫ֹקטְלִים‬ ‫מִתְקַ ְּטלִים‬
fp ‫ֹקטְלוֹת‬ ‫מִתְקַטְּלוֹת‬

‫‪Chapter 34f-Hithpael Strong‬‬
‫‪conjugation summary‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫‪Participle‬‬
‫‪Construct‬‬ ‫‪Absolute‬‬
‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫יִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬
‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫יִתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫מִתְַקטֵּל‬
‫הִתְַקטְּלָה‬ ‫תִּתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫הִתְַקטְּלִי‬ ‫מִתְַק ֶטּ‪.‬לֶת‬
‫הִתְַקטַּ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫תִּתְַקטֵּל‬ ‫הִתְַקטְּלוּ‬ ‫מִתְַקטְּלִים‬
‫תִּתְַקטְּלִי הִתְַקטַּלְתְּ‬ ‫הִתְַק ֵטּ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫מִתְַקטְּלוֹת‬
‫הִתְַקטַּ‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫אֶתְַקטֵּל‬
‫הִתְַקטְּלוּ‬ ‫יִתְַקטְּלוּ‬
‫תִּתְַקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה הִתְַקטַּלְתֶּם‬
‫תִּתְַקטְּלוּ הִתְַקטַּלְתֶּן‬
‫תִּתְַקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה הִתְַק ַטּ‪.‬לְנוּ‬
‫נִתְַקטֵּל‬
Chapter 33 - Hophal Diagnostics
at-a-glance
Perfect Imperfect Participle
Strong (u) ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל יְֻקטַל‬

Strong (o) ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫מְָקטָל יְָקטַל‬
I-Gutt ‫הָעֳמַד‬ ‫מָעֳמָד יָעֳמַד‬
III- ‫ה‬ ‫הָגְלָה‬ ‫יָגְלֶה‬ ‫מָגְלֶה‬
‫נ‬
I- ‫הֻצַּל‬ ‫יֻצַּל‬ ‫מֻצָּל‬
‫י‬
I- ‫הוּשַׁב‬ ‫מוּשָׁב יוּשַׁב‬
Bicon ‫הוּקַם‬ ‫מוּקָם יוּקַם‬
Geminate ‫הוּסַב‬ ‫יוּסַב‬ ‫מוּסָב‬

Chapter 32a-Hophal Strong
perfect
Hophal Perfect
Strong Verb
‫הְֻקטַל‬ or ‫הְָקטַל‬
Hophal Hophal
u-class o-class
3ms ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫הְָקטַל‬

3fs ‫הְֻקטְלָה‬ ‫הְָקטְלָה‬
2ms ָ‫ַלְתּ‬.‫הְֻקט‬ ָ‫ַלְתּ‬.‫הְָקט‬
2fs ְ‫הְֻקטַלְתּ‬ ְ‫הְָקטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫ַלְתִּי‬.‫הְֻקט‬ ‫ַלְתִּי‬.‫הְָקט‬
3cp ‫הְֻקטְלוּ‬ ‫הְָקטְלוּ‬
2mp ‫הְֻקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫הְָקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫הְֻקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫הְָקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫ַלְנוּ‬.‫הְֻקט‬ ‫ַלְנוּ‬.‫הְָקט‬
Chapter 32b-Hophal Strong
imperfect
Hophal Imperfect
Strong Verb
‫יְֻקטַל‬ or ‫יָקְטַל‬
Hophal Hophal
u-class o-class
3ms ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬

3fs ‫תְֻּקטַל‬ ‫תְָּקטַל‬
2ms ‫תְֻּקטַל‬ ‫תְָּקטַל‬
2fs ‫תְֻּקטְלִי‬ ‫תְָּקטְלִי‬
1cs ‫אְֻקטַל‬ ‫אְָקטַל‬
3mp ‫יְֻקטְלוּ‬ ‫יְָקטְלוּ‬
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫תְֻּקט‬ ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫תְָּקט‬
2mp ‫תְֻּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תְָּקטְלוּ‬
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫תְֻּקט‬ ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫תְָּקט‬
1cp ‫נֻקְטַל‬ ‫נָקְטַל‬
Chapter 32c-Hophal Strong
participle
Hophal Participle
Strong Verb
‫מְֻקטָל‬ or ‫מְָקטָל‬
Hophal Hophal
u-class o-class
ms ‫מְֻקטָל‬ ‫מְָקטָל‬
fs ‫לֶת‬.ֶ‫מְֻקט‬ ‫לֶת‬.ֶ‫מְָקט‬
mp ‫מְֻקטָלִים‬ ‫מְָקטָלִים‬
fp ‫מְֻקטָלוֹת‬ ‫מְָקטָלוֹת‬

‫‪Chapter 32d-Hophal Strong‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪Participle‬‬
‫‪u-class‬‬ ‫‪o-class‬‬ ‫‪u-class‬‬ ‫‪o-class‬‬ ‫‪u-class‬‬ ‫‪o-class‬‬
‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל‬ ‫מְָקטָל‬
‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל‬ ‫מְָקטָל‬
‫הְֻקטְלָה‬ ‫הְָקטְלָה‬ ‫תְֻּקטַל‬ ‫תְָּקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטֶ‪.‬לֶת‬ ‫מְָקטֶ‪.‬לֶת‬
‫הְֻק ַט‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫הְָק ַט‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטַל‬ ‫תְָּקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָלִים‬ ‫מְָקטָלִים‬
‫הְֻקטַלְתְּ‬ ‫הְָקטַלְתְּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטְלִי‬ ‫תְָּקטְלִי‬ ‫מְֻקטָלוֹת‬ ‫מְָקטָלוֹת‬
‫הְֻק ַט‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫הְָק ַט‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫אְֻקטַל‬ ‫אְָקטַל‬
‫הְֻקטְלוּ‬ ‫הְָקטְלוּ‬ ‫יְֻקטְלוּ‬ ‫יְָקטְלוּ‬
‫הְֻקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫הְָקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫תְֻּקטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְָּקטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫הְֻקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫הְָקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫תְֻּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תְָּקטְלוּ‬
‫הְֻק ַט‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫הְָק ַט‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְָּקטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫נְֻקטַל‬ ‫נְָקטַל‬
Chapter 33 - Hophal Diagnostics
at-a-glance
Strong (u) ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל יְֻקטַל‬

Strong (o) ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫מְָקטָל יְָקטַל‬
I-Gutt ‫הָעֳמַד‬ ‫מָעֳמָד יָעֳמַד‬
III- ‫ה‬ ‫הָגְלָה‬ ‫יָגְלֶה‬ ‫מָגְלֶה‬
‫נ‬
I- ‫הֻצַּל‬ ‫יֻצַּל‬ ‫מֻצָּל‬
‫י‬
I- ‫הוּשַׁב‬ ‫מוּשָׁב יוּשַׁב‬
Bicon ‫הוּקַם‬ ‫מוּקָם יוּקַם‬

‫‪Chapter 31 - Hiphil Diagnostics‬‬
‫‪at-a-glance‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪Imperfect Imperative‬‬ ‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫‪Infinitive Participle‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫הְִקטִיל‬ ‫הְַקטֵל יְַקטִיל‬ ‫מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל הְַקטִיל‬

‫הְִקטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫‪I-Gutt‬‬ ‫הֶעֱמִיד‬ ‫הַעֲמֵד יַעֲמִיד‬ ‫מַעֲמִיד הַעֲמֵד הַעֲמִיד‬
‫הֶעֱמַ‪ְ.‬דתָּ‬ ‫הַעֲמ‪ִ.‬יִדי‬
‫הִ שְׁלִיחַ ע‪/‬ח‪III-‬‬ ‫הַשְׁלַח יַשְׁלִיחַ‬ ‫מַשְׁלִיחַ הַשְׁלֵחַ הַשְׁלִיחַ‬
‫הִשְׁלַ‪.‬חְתָּ‬ ‫הַשְׁלִ‪.‬יחִי‬
‫א‪III-‬‬ ‫הִמְצִיא‬ ‫הַמְצֵא יַמְצִיא‬ ‫מַמְצִיא הַמְצֵא הַמְצִיא‬
‫הִמְצֵ‪.‬אתָ‬ ‫הַמְצ‪ִ.‬יאִי‬
‫ה‪III-‬‬ ‫הִגְלָה‬ ‫הַגְלֵה יַגְלֶה‬ ‫הַגְלוֹת‬ ‫מַגְלֶה הַגְלֵה‬
‫הִגְלִ‪.‬יתָ‬
‫נ‪I-‬‬ ‫הִצ ִּיל‬ ‫יַצ ִּיל‬ ‫מַצ ִּיל הַצ ֵּל הַצ ִּיל הַצ ֵּל‬
‫ה ַ‪ִ.‬צ ּלְתָּ‬ ‫ה ִַצ ּ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫י‪I-‬‬ ‫הוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫מוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁב הוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁב יוֹשִׁיב‬
‫הוֹשַׁ‪.‬בְתָּ‬ ‫הוֹשִׁ‪.‬יבִי‬
‫‪Bicon‬‬ ‫הֵקִים‬ ‫מֵקִים הָקֵם הָקִים הָקֵם יָקִים‬
‫הֲקִימ‪.‬וֹתָ‬ ‫הָקִ‪.‬ימִי‬
Chapter 30a-Hiphil Strong
perfect
Hiphil Perfect
Strong Verb
‫לְתָּ הְִקטִיל‬.ַ‫הְִקט‬ or
Qal Hiphil Translation
3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫הְִקטִיל‬ he caused to kill
3fs ‫ ְטלָה‬,‫ק‬ ‫ִילָה‬.‫הְִקט‬ she caused to kill
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫הְִקט‬ you caused to kill
2fs ְ‫ָקטַלְתּ‬ ְ‫הְִקטַלְתּ‬ you caused to kill
1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫הְִקט‬ I caused to kill
3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ ‫ילוּ‬.ִ‫הְִקט‬ they caused to kill
2mp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּם‬ ‫הְִקטַלְתֶּם‬ you caused to kill
2fp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּן‬ ‫הְִקטַלְתֶּן‬ you caused to kill
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫הְִקט‬ we caused to kill

Chapter 30b-Hiphil Strong
imperfect
Hiphil Imperfect
Strong Verb
‫י ַ ְקטִיל‬
3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יְַקטִיל‬ he will cause to kill
3fs ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תְַּקטִיל‬ she will cause to kill
2ms ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תְַּקטִיל‬ you will cause to kill
2fs ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ‫ִילִי‬.‫תְַּקט‬ you will cause to kill
1cs ‫אְֶקטֹל‬ ‫אְַקטִיל‬ I will cause to kill
3mp ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫ילוּ‬.ִ‫יַקְט‬ they will cause to kill
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ‫ֵלְנָה‬.‫תְַּקט‬ they will cause to kill
2mp ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ‫ילוּ‬.ִ‫תְַּקט‬ you will cause to kill
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ‫ֵלְנָה‬.‫תְַּקט‬ you will cause to kill
1cp ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ‫נְַקטִיל‬ we will cause to kill

Chapter 30c-Hiphil Strong
imperative
Hiphil Imperative
Strong Verb
‫ילִי הְַקטֵל‬.ִ‫הְַקט‬or
2ms ‫הְַקטֵל ְקטֹל‬ cause to kill!
2fs ‫ילִי ִקטְלִי‬.ִ‫הְַקט‬ cause to kill!
2mp ‫ילוּ ִקטְלוּ‬.‫הְַק ִט‬ cause to kill!
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫טֵלְנָה ְק ֹט‬. ‫הְַק‬ cause to kill!

Chapter 30d-Hiphil Strong
infinitive
Hiphil Infinitive
Construct
‫הְַקטִיל‬
Hiphil Infinitive
Absolute
‫הְַקטֵל‬

Chapter 30e-Hiphil Strong
participle
Hiphil Participle
Strong Verb
‫מְַקטִיל‬
ms ‫מְַקטִיל ֹקטֵל‬ causing to kill
fs ‫לֶת‬.‫לֶת ֹק ֶט‬.ֶ‫מְַקט‬ causing to kill
mp ‫מְַקטִילִים ֹקטְלִים‬ causing to kill
fp ‫מְַקטִילוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת‬ causing to kill

‫‪Chapter 30f-Hiphil Strong‬‬
‫הְִקטִיל‬ ‫יְַקטִיל‬ ‫הְַקטֵל‬ ‫הְַקטִיל‬ ‫הְַקטֵל‬ ‫מְַקטִיל‬
‫הְִקטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫הְִקט‪ִ.‬ילָה‬ ‫תְַּקטִיל‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילִי‬ ‫מְַקטֶ‪.‬לֶת‬
‫הְִקטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫תְַּקטִיל‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילוּ‬ ‫מְַקטִילִים‬
‫הְִקטַלְתְּ‬ ‫תְַּקט‪ִ.‬ילִי‬ ‫הְַקטֵ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫מְַקטִילוֹת‬
‫הְִקטַ‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫אְַקטִיל‬
‫הְִקטִ‪.‬ילוּ‬ ‫יְַקטִ‪.‬ילוּ‬
‫הְִקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫תְַּק ֵט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫הְִקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫תְַּקטִ‪.‬ילוּ‬
‫הְִקטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫תְַּק ֵט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫נְַקטִיל‬
Chapter 29 - Pual Diagnostics
at-a-glance
Strong ‫ֻקטַּל‬ ‫מְ ֻק ּטָל יְ ֻק ּטַל‬

III- ‫א‬ ‫מֻצ ָּא‬ ‫מְמֻצ ָּא יְמֻצ ָּא‬
III- ‫ה‬ ‫גֻּלָּה‬ ‫יְגֻלֶּה‬ ‫מְגֻלֶּה‬
ָ‫ית‬.ֵּ‫גֻּל‬
II-Gutt1 ‫נֻחַם‬ ‫יְנֻחַם‬ ‫מְנֻחָם‬
II-Gutt2 ‫בַֹּרְך‬ ‫מְבָֹרְך יְבַֹרְך‬
2
virtual doubling
compensatory lengthening ‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew
Chapter 28a-Pual Strong
perfect
Pual Perfect
Strong Verb
‫ֻק ַטּל‬
Piel Pual Translation
3ms ‫ִקטֵּל‬ ‫ֻק ַטּל‬ he was slaughtered
3fs ‫ֻק ְּטלָה ִקטְּלָה‬ she was slaughtered
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.‫טלְתָּ ִק ַטּ‬.ַּ ‫ֻק‬ you were slaughtered
2fs ְ‫ֻק ַּטלְתְּ ִקטַּלְתּ‬ you were slaughtered
1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.‫טלְתִּי ִק ַטּ‬.ַּ ‫ֻק‬ I was slaughtered
3cp ‫ֻק ּטְלוּ ִקטְּלוּ‬ they were slaughtered
2mp ‫ֻק ַּטלְתֶּם ִקטַּלְתֶּם‬ you were slaughtered
2fp ‫ֻק ַּטלְתֶּן ִקטַּלְתֶּן‬ you were slaughtered
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫טלְנוּ ִקטּ‬.ַּ ‫ֻק‬ we were slaughtered

Chapter 28b-Pual Strong
imperfect
Pual Imperfect
Strong Verb
‫יְ ֻק ּטַל‬
3ms ‫יְַקטֵּל‬ ‫יְ ֻק ּטַל‬ he will be slaughtered
3fs ‫תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫תְּ ֻק ּטַל‬ she will be slaughtered
2ms ‫תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫תְּ ֻק ּטַל‬ you will be slaughtered
2fs ‫תְַּקטְּלִי‬ ‫תְּ ֻק ְּטלִי‬ you will be slaughtered
1cs ‫אֲַקטֵּל‬ ‫אֲ ֻק ּטַל‬ I will be slaughtered
3mp ‫יְַקטְּלוּ‬ ‫יְ ֻק ּטְלוּ‬ they will be slaughtered
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְַּק ֵטּ‬ ‫ַט ְלנָה‬.ּ ‫תְּ ֻק‬ they will be slaughtered
2mp ‫תְַּקטְּלוּ‬ ‫תְּ ֻק ּטְלוּ‬ you will be slaughtered
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְַּק ֵטּ‬ ‫ַט ְלנָה‬.ּ ‫תְּ ֻק‬ you will be slaughtered
1cp ‫נְַקטֵּל‬ ‫נְ ֻק ּטַל‬ we will be slaughtered

Chapter 28c-Pual Strong
participle
Pual Participle
Strong Verb
‫מְ ֻק ּטַל‬
ms ‫מְַקטֵּל‬ ‫מְ ֻק ּטַל‬ being slaughtered
fs ‫לֶת‬.‫ֶטלֶת מְַק ֶטּ‬.ּ ‫מְ ֻק‬ being slaughtered
mp ‫מְ ֻק ְּטלִים מְַקטְּלִים‬ being slaughtered
fp ‫מְ ֻק ּטְלוֹת מְַקטְּלוֹת‬ being slaughtered

‫‪Chapter 28d-Pual Strong‬‬

‫קֻ ּטַל‬ ‫יְ קֻ ּטַל‬ ‫מְ קֻ ּטַל‬
‫ֻקטַּל‬ ‫יְֻקטַּל‬ ‫מְֻקטָּל‬
‫ֻקטְּלָה‬ ‫תְֻּקטַּל‬ ‫מְֻקטֶּ‪.‬לֶת‬
‫ֻקטַּ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטַּל‬ ‫מְֻקטָּלִים‬
‫ֻקטַּלְתְּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטְּלִי‬ ‫מְֻקטָּלוֹת‬
‫ֻקטַּ‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫אֲֻקטַּל‬
‫ֻקטְּלוּ‬ ‫יְֻקטְּלוּ‬
‫ֻקטַּלְתֶּם‬ ‫תְֻּקטַּ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫ֻקטַּלְתֶּן‬ ‫תְֻּקטְּלוּ‬
‫ֻקטַּ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטַּ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫נְֻקטַּל‬
Chapter 27 - Piel Diagnostics
at-a-glance
Perfect Imperfect Imperative Infinitive Infinitive Participle

Construct Absolute
Strong ‫קִ ֵטּל‬ ‫יְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מְ קַ ּטֵל קַ ּטֵל‬
III- ‫ח‬/‫ע‬ ‫יְשַׁלַּח שִׁלַּח‬ ‫שַׁלַּח‬ ‫שַׁלַּח‬ ַ‫מְשַׁ ֵלּחַ שַׁ ֵלּח‬
III- ‫א‬ ‫מִצ ֵּא‬ ‫יְמַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מְמַצ ֵּא מַצ ֵּא‬
‫מַצ ֹּא‬
1
III- ‫ה‬ ‫גִּלָּה‬ ‫יְגַלֶּה‬ ‫גּ ַלֵּה‬ ‫גּ ַלּוֹת‬ ‫מְגַלֶּה גּ ַלֵּה‬
ָ‫ית‬.ִּ‫גִּל‬
Geminate ‫הִלֵּל‬ ‫יְהַלֵּל‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫מְהַלֵּל הַלֵּל‬
II-Gutt2 ‫נִחַם‬ ‫יְנַחֵם‬ ‫נַחֵם‬ ‫נַחֵם‬ ‫מְנַחֵם נַחֵם‬
II-Gutt3 ‫בֵֵּרְך‬ ‫יְבֵָרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫מְבֵָרְך בֵָּרְך‬
‫א‬
1
3ms only
2
virtual doubling Basics of Biblical Hebrew
3 © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
compensatory lengthening
Chapter 26a-Piel Strong
perfect
Piel Perfect
Strong Verb
‫קִ ֵטּל‬
Qal Piel Translation
3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫קִ ּטֵל‬ he slaughtered
3fs ‫ ְטלָה‬,‫קִ ְּטלָה ק‬ she slaughtered
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫טלְתָּ קָט‬.ַּ ִ‫ק‬ you slaughtered
2fs ְ‫קִ ַּטלְתְּ ָקטַלְתּ‬ you slaughtered
1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫טלְתִּי קָט‬.ַּ ִ‫ק‬ I slaughtered
3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ ‫קִ ּטְלוּ‬ they slaughtered
2mp ‫קִ ַּטלְתֶּם ְק ַטלְתֶּם‬ you slaughtered
2fp ‫קִ ַּט ְלתֶּן ְק ַטלְתֶּן‬ you slaughtered
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫טלְנוּ קָט‬.ַּ ִ‫ק‬ we slaughtered

Chapter 26b-Piel Strong
imperfect
Piel Imperfect
Strong Verb
‫יְקַ ּטֵל‬
3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יְקַ ּטֵל‬ he will slaughter
3fs ‫תְּקַ ּטֵל תְִּקטֹל‬ she will slaughter
2ms ‫תְּקַ ּטֵל תְִּקטֹל‬ you will slaughter
2fs ‫תְּקַ ְּטלִי תְִּקטְלִי‬ you will slaughter
1cs ‫אֲקַ ּטֵל אְֶקטֹל‬ I will slaughter
3mp ‫יְקַ ּטְלוּ יְִקטְלוּ‬ they will slaughter
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫טלְנָה תְִּק ֹט‬.ֵּ ַ‫תְּק‬ they will slaughter
2mp ‫תְּקַ ּטְלוּ תְִּקטְלוּ‬ you will slaughter
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫טלְנָה תְִּק ֹט‬.ֵּ ַ‫תְּק‬ you will slaughter
1cp ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ‫נְקַ ּטֵל‬ we will slaughter

Chapter 26c-Piel Strong
imperative
Piel Imperative
Strong Verb
‫קַ ּטֵל‬
2ms ‫תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ (you) slaughter!
2fs ‫תְַּקטְּלִי‬ ‫קַ ְּטלִי‬ (you) slaughter!
2mp ‫תְַּקטְּלוּ‬ ‫קַ ּטְלוּ‬ (you) slaughter!
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְַּק ֵטּ‬ ‫טלְנָה‬.ֵּ ַ‫ק‬ (you) slaughter!

Chapter 26d-Piel Strong
infinitive
Piel Infinitive
Construct
‫קַ ּטֵל‬
Piel Infinitive
Absolute
‫קַ ּטֵל‬

Chapter 26e-Piel Strong
participle
Piel Participle
Strong Verb
‫מְקַ ּטֵל‬
ms ‫מְקַ ּטֵל ֹקטֵל‬ slaughtering
fs ‫לֶת‬.‫ֶטלֶת ֹק ֶט‬.ּ ַ‫מְק‬ slaughtering
mp ‫מְקַ ְּטלִים ֹקטְלִים‬ slaughtering
fp ‫ְמקַ ּטְלוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת‬ slaughtering

‫‪Chapter 26f-Piel Strong‬‬

‫קִ ּטֵל‬ ‫יְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מְ קַ ּטֵל‬
‫ִקטֵּל‬ ‫יְַקטֵּל‬ ‫ַקטֵּל‬ ‫ַקטֵּל‬ ‫ַקטֵּל‬ ‫מְַקטֵּל‬
‫ִקטְּלָה‬ ‫תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫ַקטְּלִי‬ ‫מְַק ֶטּ‪.‬לֶת‬
‫ִק ַטּ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫ַקטְּלוּ‬ ‫מְַקטְּלִים‬
‫ִקטַּלְתְּ‬ ‫תְַּקטְּלִי‬ ‫ַק ֵטּ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫מְַקטְּלוֹת‬
‫ִק ַטּ‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫אֲַקטֵּל‬
‫ִקטְּלוּ‬ ‫יְַקטְּלוּ‬
‫ִקטַּלְתֶּם‬ ‫תְַּק ֵטּ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫ִקטַּלְתֶּן‬ ‫תְַּקטְּלוּ‬
‫ִקטַּ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫תְַּק ֵטּ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫נְַקטֵּל‬
Chapter 25 - Niphal Diagnostics
at-a-glance

Construct Absolute
Strong ‫נְִקטַל‬ ‫נְִקטָל נְִקטוֹל הִ קָּטֵל הִ קָּטֵל יִ קָּטֵל‬

‫הִקָּטוֹל‬
I-Gutt ‫נֶעֱז ַב‬ ‫יֵעָזֵב‬ ‫הֵעָזֵב‬ ‫נֶעֱזָב נַעֲזוֹב הֵעָזֵב‬
‫הֵעָזוֹב‬
III- ‫א‬ ‫נִמְצָא‬ ‫נִמְצָא נִמְצוֹא הִ ּ ָמצֵא הִ ּ ָמצֵא יִ ּ ָמצֵא‬
III- ‫ה‬ ‫נִבְנ ָה‬ ‫יִבָּנ ֶה‬ ‫הִבָּנוֹת הִבָּנ ֵה‬ ‫נִבְנ ֶה נִבְנֹה‬
ָ‫נִבְנ ֵ>ית‬ ‫הִבָּנ ֵה‬
‫נ‬
I- ‫נִ ַצ ּל‬ ‫יִנָּצֵל‬ ‫הִנָּצֵל‬ ‫הִנָּצֵל‬ ‫הִנָּצֵל‬ ‫נִ ָצ ּל‬
‫נִצ ּוֹל‬
‫י‬
I- ‫נוֹשַׁב‬ ‫הִוָּשֵׁב הִוָּשֵׁב ִיוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫נוֹשָׁב‬

Chapter 24a-Niphal Strong
perfect
Niphal Perfect
Strong Verb
‫נְִקטַל‬
Qal Niphal Translation
3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫נְִקטַל‬ he was killed
3fs ‫ ְטלָה‬,‫ק‬ ‫נְִקטְלָה‬ she was killed
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫נְִקט‬ you were killed
2fs ְ‫ָקטַלְתּ‬ ְ‫נְִקטַלְתּ‬ you were killed
1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫ַלְתִּי‬.‫נְִקט‬ I was killed
3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ ‫נְִקטְלוּ‬ they were killed
2mp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּם‬ ‫נְִקטַלְתֶּם‬ you were killed
2fp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּן‬ ‫נְִקטַלְתֶּן‬ you were killed
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫נְִקט‬ we were killed

Chapter 24b-Niphal Strong
imperfect
Niphal Imperfect
Strong Verb
‫יִקָּטֵל‬
3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יִקָּטֵל‬ he will be killed
3fs ‫תִּקָּטֵל תְִּקטֹל‬ she will be killed
2ms ‫תִּקָּטֵל תְִּקטֹל‬ you will be killed
2fs ‫טְלִי תְִּקטְלִי‬,ּ‫תִּק‬ you will be killed
1cs ‫אֶקָּטֵל אְֶקטֹל‬ I will be killed
3mp ‫טְלוּ יְִקטְלוּ‬,ּ‫יִק‬ they will be killed
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫לְנָה תְִּק ֹט‬.‫תִּקָּ ַט‬ they will be killed
2mp ‫טְלוּ תְִּקטְלוּ‬,ּ‫תִּק‬ you will be killed
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫לְנָה תְִּק ֹט‬.‫תִּקָּ ַט‬ you will be killed
1cp ‫נִקָּטֵל נְִקטֹל‬ we will be killed

Chapter 24c-Niphal Strong
imperative
Niphal Imperative
Strong Verb
‫הִקָּטֵל‬
2ms ‫הִקָּטֵל ְקטֹל‬ be killed!
2fs ‫טְלִי ִקטְלִי‬,ּ‫הִק‬ be killed!
2mp ‫טְלוּ ִקטְלוּ‬,ּ‫הִק‬ be killed!
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫לְנָה ְק ֹט‬.ַ‫הִקָּט‬ be killed!

Chapter 24d-Niphal Strong
infinitive
Niphal Infinitive
Construct
‫הִקָּטֵל‬
Niphal Infinitive
Absolute
‫נְִקטוֹל‬

Chapter 24e-Niphal Strong
participle
Niphal Participle
Strong Verb
‫נְִקטָל‬
ms ‫נְִקטָל ֹקטֵל‬ being killed
fs ‫לֶת‬.‫לֶת ֹק ֶט‬.‫נְִק ֶט‬ being killed
mp ‫נְִקטָלִים ֹקטְלִים‬ being killed
fp ‫נְִקטָלוֹת ֹקטְלוֹת‬ being killed

‫‪Chapter 24f-Niphal Strong‬‬
‫נְִקטַל‬ ‫יִ קָּטֵל‬ ‫הִ קָּטֵל‬ ‫הִ קָּטֵל‬ ‫נְִקטוֹל‬ ‫נְִקטָל‬
‫הִקָּטוֹל‬
‫נְִקטַל‬ ‫יִָקּטֵל‬ ‫הִָקּטֵל‬ ‫הִָקּטֵל‬ ‫נְִקטוֹל‬ ‫נְִקטָל‬
‫נְִקטְלָה‬ ‫תִָּקּטֵל‬ ‫הִקּ‪,‬טְלִי‬ ‫הִָקּטוֹל‬ ‫נְִק ֶט‪.‬לֶת‬
‫נְִקטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬ ‫תִָּקּטֵל‬ ‫הִקּ‪,‬טְלוּ‬ ‫נְִקטָלִים‬
‫נְִקטַלְתְּ‬ ‫תִּקּ‪,‬טְלִי‬ ‫הִָקּטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫נְִקטָלוֹת‬
‫נְִק ַט‪.‬לְתִּי‬ ‫אֶָקּטֵל‬
‫נְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫יִקּ‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫נְִקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫תִָּקּ ַט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫נְִקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫תִּקּ‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫נְִקטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫תִָּקּ ַט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫נִָקּטֵל‬
Chapter 23a-Sentence Syntax
normal word order
In Hebrew, normal word order for a verbal

sentence is verb-subject-object (vso)
o s v
ַ‫וַיִּזְכֹּר אֱֹלהִים אֶת–נֹח‬
(And) God remembered Noah (Gen 8:1).
o s v
‫וַיַּחֲֹלם יוֹסֵף חֲלוֹם‬
(And) Joseph dreamed a dream (Gen 37:5).
o s v
‫וַיְִּקָרא מֹשֶׁה אֶל–כָּל–יִשְָׂראֵל‬
(And) Moses called to all Israel (Ex 24:16).

Chapter 23b-Sentence Syntax
syntax of the verb
In the syntax of the verbal sentence, the verb is

normally at the beginning, in first position.
‫וַיָָּקם מֶלְֶך–חָָדשׁ עַל–מִצְָריִם‬

(And) a new king arose over Egypt (Ex 1:8).
‫בָּטַחְתִּי בְחֶסֶד–אֱֹלהִים עוֹלָם וָעֶד‬

I trust in the steadfast love of God forever and ever
(Ps 52:10 [English 52:8]).
‫שִׁירוּ לַיהוָה שִׁיר חָָדשׁ‬

Sing to Yahweh a new song (Ps 96:1).

Chapter 23c-Sentence Syntax
syntax of the verb
The verb may also be preceded by an adverb of time, an adverbial phrase,
‫הִנֵּה‬(behold), a temporal modifier ( or ‫וְהָיָה וַיְהִי‬
), an expression that provides
context or circumstantial information, an independent personal pronoun
for emphasis or a negative particle.
‫עַתָּה יַָדעְתִּי כִּי–גָדוֹל יְהוָה מִכָּל–הָאֱֹלהִים‬

Now I know that Yahweh is greater
than all gods (Ex 18:11).
‫אַחַר הְַדּבִָרים הָאֵלֶּה הָיָה ְדבַר–יְהוָה אֶל–אַבְָרם‬

After these things, the word of Yahweh
came (was) to Abram (Gen 15:1).
‫וְהִנֵּה נָפְלוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בֶּחֶָרב‬

And behold, our fathers have fallen
by the sword (2 Chr 29:9).
‫וַיְהִי בִּהְיוֹתָם בַּשֶָּׂדה וַיָָּקם ַקיִן אֶל–הֶבֶל אָחִיו וַיַּהְַרגֵהוּ‬

When they were in the field, Cain rose up against
Abel his brother and he killed him (Gen 4:8).
‫אַל–תִּבְטְחוּ לָכֶם אֶל–ִדּבְֵרי הַשֶֶּׁקר‬

Do not trust in deceptive words (Jer 7:4).
‫וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ–לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים‬

And you will be to me a kingdom
of priests (Ex 19:6).

Chapter 23d-Sentence Syntax
syntax of the subject
In the syntax of the verbal sentence, the verb is

normally followed immediately by its subject if
one is specified.
‫וַיֹּאמֶר הַנָּחָשׁ אֶל–הָאִשָּׁה‬

The serpent said to the woman (Gen 3:4).
‫וַיִּשְׁכֹּן כְּבוֹד–יְהוָה עַל–הַר סִינַי‬

The glory of Yahweh dwelt upon Mount Sinai
(Ex 24:16).
The verb may be preceded by its subject to

emphasize that subject, though there are other
reasons for this type of variation.
‫יְהוָה יִמְֹלְך לְעֹלָם וָעֶד‬

Yahweh will reign forever and ever (Ex 15:18).
‫וּמֹשֶׁה עָלָה אֶל–הָאֱֹלהִים‬

And Moses went up to God (Ex 19:3).
‫וְנֹחַ מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה‬

And Noah found favor in the
eyes of Yahweh (Gen 6:8).

Chapter 23e-Sentence Syntax
syntax of the object
1. The indirect object is usually marked with the preposition

ְ‫( ל‬to, for) or –‫( אֶל‬to, for) and may precede or follow the
direct object (if any).
‫יַָדעְתִּי כִּי–נָתַן יְהוָה לָכֶם אֶת–הָאֶָרץ‬

I know that Yahweh has given to you the land
(Josh 2:9).
2. A direct object (if any) will frequently stand after the

verb or its subject. It may precede or follow an indirect
object.
‫בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאֶָרץ‬

God created the heavens and
the earth (Gen 1:1).
3. The verb may be preceded by its object to emphasize

that object, though there are other reasons for this syntax.
‫אֶת–יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך תִּיָרא‬

Yahweh your God you shall fear (Deut 10:20).

Chapter 23f-Sentence Syntax
conditional sentences
A conditional sentence consists of two clauses. The

first clause states the condition and is called the protasis
(“if-clause”). The second clause states the consequence
of the condition and is called the apodosis (“then-
clause”). The protasis will often begin with ‫( אִם‬if) but
it may also begin with ‫כִּי‬, ‫ הֵן‬or ‫ אֲשֶׁר‬followed by a
Perfect, Imperfect or Participle.
‫וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ בָָּרק‬

‫אִם–תֵּלְכִי עִמִּי וְהָלָכְתִּי‬
‫וְאִם–ֹלא תֵלְכִי עִמִּי ֹלא אֵלְֵך‬
Barak said to her, “If you will go with me, then I will
go; but if you will not go with me, (then) I will not go”
(Judg 4:8).
Condition (Protasis) Consequence (Apodosis)

“if (‫ )אִם‬you will go” “then I will go”
“but if (‫ ) אִם‬you will not go” “(then) I will not go”

Chapter 23g-Sentence Syntax
adverbs
Adverbs are generally divided into four categories:
adverbs of time (then, now), place (here, there), degree
(very, extremely) and manner (swiftly, gently).
1. Adverbs of Time.
‫( עַתָּה‬now)
‫עַתָּה יַָדעְתִּי כִּי–יְֵרא אֱֹלהִים אַתָּה‬
Now I know that you fear God (Gen 22:12).
2. Adverbs of Place.
‫( שָׁם‬there)
‫וַיָּשֶׂם שָׁם אֶת–הָאָָדם אֲשֶׁר יָצָר‬
And he placed there the man whom he had
formed (Gen 2:8).
3. Adverbs of Degree.
‫( תָּמִיד‬continually)
‫עֵינַי תָּמִיד אֶל–יְהוָה‬
My eyes are continually on the Lord (Ps 25:15).
4. Adverbs of Manner.
‫( פִּתְאֹם‬suddenly)
‫וַיָּבֹא אֲלֵיהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פִּתְאֹם‬
And Joshua came upon them suddenly
(Josh 10:9).

Chapter 23h-Sentence Syntax
disjunctive waw
A disjunctive Waw is prefixed to a non-verbal form and is non-
sequential, that is, it introduces some kind of break or interruption in
the narrative. There are four basic uses.
1. Parenthetical. The disjunctive clause may interrupt the narrative

flow in order to provide some explanatory information.
‫ְוהֵם ֹלא יְָדעוּ כִּי שֹׁמֵעַ יוֹסֵף כִּי הַמֵּלִיץ בֵּינֹתָם‬

Now they did not know that Joseph was understanding them
because there was an interpreter between them (Gen 42:23).
2. Circumstantial. The disjunctive clause may introduce or identify

circumstantial information that relates to the main action of the
narrative.
‫וַיְהִי כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וַיָּבֹא הַבַּיְתָה לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלַאכְתּוֹ‬

‫וְאֵין אִישׁ מֵאַנְשֵׁי הַבַּיִת שָׁם בַּבָּיִת‬
(And) one day, he went into the house to do his work and none of
the household servants were there in the house (Gen 39:11).
3. Contrastive. The disjunctive Waw may introduce a contrastive idea

and is often translated as “but.”
‫וַיִּשַׁע יְהוָה אֶל–הֶבֶל וְאֶל–מִנְחָתוֹ‬

‫וְאֶל–ַקיִן וְאֶל–מִנְחָתוֹ ֹלא שָׁעָה‬
The Lord looked favorably on Abel and his offering but on Cain
and his offering he did not look favorably (Gen 4:4b-5a).
4. Introductory. The disjunctive Waw may begin a new narrative or

introduce a new idea or theme within a narrative.
‫ְוהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם מִכֹּל חַיַּת הַשֶָּׂדה‬

‫אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֱֹלהִים‬
Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the creatures that the
Lord God had made (Gen 3:1).

Chapter 22a-Qal Participle
active strong verb paradigm
The Participle inflects like an adjective, with both

gender and number. It is not inflected for person.
The inflection of the Participle should look familiar.
Singular Plural
Masculine ‫ֹקטֵל‬ ‫ֹקטְלִים‬

Feminine ‫לֶת‬.‫ֹק ֶט‬ ‫ֹקטְלוֹת‬
Feminine ‫ֹקטְלָה‬
Singular Plural
Masculine ‫ֹקטְלִים‬
Feminine ‫לֶת‬.‫ֹק ֶט‬ ‫ֹקטְלוֹת‬
Feminine ‫ֹקטְלָה‬

Chapter 22b-Qal Participle
diagnostics
The Holem in the first syllable of all forms is diag-

nostic of the Qal active Participle. It may also be
written as Holem Waw (‫)קוֹטֵל‬. The Holem will
not reduce (undergo propretonic reduction) with
the additional of inflectional endings. The Holem-
Tsere vowel pattern is distinctive of the masculine
singular Qal active Participle.
Qal Active Participle

Strong Verb
‫קֹטֵל‬

Chapter 22c-Qal Participle
weak verbs: part 1
I-Guttural I-‫נ‬
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Masc. ‫עֹמְִדים עֹמֵד‬ ‫נֹפְלִים נֹפֵל‬

Fem. ‫ֶדת‬.ֶ‫עֹמְדוֹת עֹמ‬ ‫לֶת‬.ֶ‫נֹפְלוֹת נֹפ‬
Fem. ‫עֹמְדָה‬ ‫נֹפְלָה‬
I-‫י‬ Geminate
Masc. ‫יֹשְׁבִים יֹשֵׁב‬ ‫סֹבְבִים סֹבֵב‬

Fem. ‫בֶת‬.ֶ‫יֹשְׁבוֹת יֹשׁ‬ ‫בֶת‬.‫סֹבְבוֹת סֹ ֶב‬
Fem. ‫יֹשְׁבָה‬ ‫סֹבְבָה‬

Chapter 22d-Qal Participle
weak verbs: part 2
II-Guttural III-‫ח‬/‫ע‬
Masc. ‫בֹּחֲִרים בֹּחֵר‬ ‫שֹׁמְעִים שֹׁמֵ ַע‬

Fem. ‫ֶֶרת‬.‫בֹּחֲרוֹת בֹּח‬ ‫עַת‬.ַ‫שֹׁמְעוֹת שֹׁמ‬
Fem. ‫בֹּחֲָרה‬ ‫שֹׁמְעָה‬
III-‫א‬
Singular Plural
Masc. ‫מֹצְאִים מֹצֵא‬

Fem. ‫ֵאת‬.‫מֹצְאוֹת מֹצ‬
Fem. ‫מֹצְאָה‬

Chapter 22e-Qal Participle
weak verbs: part 3
III-‫ה‬ Biconsonantal
Masc. ‫בֹּנֶה‬ ‫בֹּנִים‬ ‫ָקם‬ ‫ָקמִים‬

Fem. ‫בֹּנָה‬ ‫בֹּנוֹת‬ ‫ָקמָה‬ ‫ָקמוֹת‬
Fem. ‫בֹּנִיָּה‬

Chapter 22f-Qal Participle
use of the qal active participle
Participles function just like adjectives.
1. Attributive Use. The Participle directly modifies a noun. The

modifying Participle will follow the noun and agree in gender,
number and definiteness.
‫הָעָם הַיֹּשֵׁב בָּאֶָרץ‬ the people who dwell (who are

dwelling) in the land (Num
13:28)
‫יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה‬ Yahweh your God is a consuming

fire (Deut 4:24).
2. Predicative Use. The Participle asserts something about the noun

(with a form of the verb “to be”). The modifying Participle will
agree with the noun in gender and number but not definiteness.
‫הָהָר בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ‬ The mountain was burning with

fire (Deut 4:11).
‫וּשְׁמוּאֵל שֹׁכֵב בְּהֵיכַל‬ And Samuel was lying down
in (the) temple (1 Sam 3:3).
3. Substantive Use. The Participle is used independently as a noun,

indicating the “one who” performs a certain action. It may function
as the subject or object of a verb; take a definite article; appear in a
construct chain; or take pronominal suffixes and prepositional
prefixes.
‫הַיּוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּגַּנִּים‬ you who dwell in the gardens

(Song 8:13)
‫וְֹלא יִישָׁן שׁוֹמֵר יִשְָׂראֵל‬ and the one who keeps Israel
will not sleep (Ps 121:4)

Chapter 22g-Qal Participle
passive participle paradigm
The passive Participle inflects like an adjective,

with both gender and number. It is not inflected
for person.
Singular Plural
Masculine ‫ְקטוּלִים קָטוּל‬

Feminine ‫ְקטוּלוֹת ְקטוּלָה‬
Singular Plural
Masculine ‫ֹקטְלִים‬
Feminine ‫בָה‬.‫ֹקט‬ ‫ֹקטְלוֹת‬

Chapter 22h-Qal Participle
passive participle diagnostics
The diagnostic feature of the Qal passive Participle

is the Qamets-Shureq vowel pattern. It may also
be spelled defectively with Qibbuts as in ‫קָטֻל‬.
Qal Passive Participle

Strong Verb
‫קָטוּל‬

Chapter 22i-Qal Participle
weak verbs
‫עָזוּב‬ abandoned ַ‫פָּתוּח‬ opened
‫שָׂנוּא‬ hated ַ‫יָדוּע‬ known
‫שָׁאוּל‬ asked ַ‫נָטוּע‬ planted
‫שָׁחוּט‬ slaughtered ‫אָרוּר‬ cursed
‫אָכוּל‬ eaten ‫יָעוּץ‬ advised
III-‫ה‬
Singular Plural
Masculine ‫בָּנוּי‬ ‫בְּנוּיִים‬

Feminine ‫בְּנוּיָה‬ ‫בְּנוּיוֹת‬

Chapter 22j-Qal Participle
use of the qal passive participle
Participles function just like adjectives.
1. Attributive Use. The passive Participle follows the noun it modifies

and agrees in gender, number and definiteness.
‫הַבְִּרית הַכְּתוּבָה בְּסֵפֶר‬ the covenant written in this book

‫הַתּוָֹרה הַזֶּה‬ of the law (Deut 29:20)
‫וַיִּבֶן אֶת–כָּל–הַחוֹמָה‬ (And) he (re)built all of the broken

‫הַפְּרוּצָה‬ wall (2 Chr 32:5).
2. Predicative Use. The passive Participle either precedes or follows

the noun it modifies and agrees in gender and number only (not
definiteness).
‫בָּרוְּך יְהוָה לְעוֹלָם‬ Blessed is Yahweh forever (Ps 89:53).
‫אֲרוָּרה הָאֲדָמָה בַּעֲבוֶּרָך‬ Cursed is the ground because of you

(Gen 3:17).
3. Substantive Use. Passive Participles can be used independently as

nouns, indicating the “one who” performs a certain action. When
a Participle is used substantively, it behaves just like a noun.
‫וְהֶחָלוּץ יַעֲבֹר לִפְנֵי‬ And the one equipped (for battle)

‫אֲרוֹן יְהוָה‬ will pass before the ark of Yahweh
(Josh 6:7).
‫וְתַחַת הֲרוּגִים יִפֹּלוּ‬ And they will fall among the slain ones
(Isa 10:4).

Chapter 22k-Qal Participle
parsing
Like a verb, the Participle has stem and voice.

Like an adjective, it is inflected for gender and
number. When parsing you will be required to
identify stem, conjugation (with voice), gender,
number and lexical form.
‫יֹשֵׁב‬ Qal Active Participle ms ‫יָשַׁב‬

‫בָּרוְּך‬ Qal Passive Participle ms ‫בַָּרְך‬

Chapter 21a
Qal Infinitive Absolute
introduction
The Infinitive Absolute is not inflected for person,

gender or number and so there is only one form
to memorize. This form is easy to identify and
varies little with weak verbal roots.
Infinitive Absolute
Strong Verb
‫קָטוֹל‬
1. The vowel pattern of the strong verb also
occurs in most weak verb types.
2. Frequently, the Holem Waw stem vowel is

written defectively as Holem. (‫)קָטֹל‬.
3. Unlike the Infinitive Construct, the Infinitive

Absolute does not occur with prepositional
prefixes or pronominal suffixes.

Chapter 21b
weak verbs
Qal Perfect Infinitive

3ms Absolute
I-Guttural ‫הָלְַך‬ ‫הָלוְֹך‬

I-Guttural ‫עָבַר‬ ‫עָבוֹר‬
I-‫א‬ ‫אָכַל‬ ‫אָכוֹל‬
II-Guttural ‫גָּאַל‬ ‫גָּאוֹל‬
II-Guttural ‫בָּחַר‬ ‫בָּחוֹר‬
III-‫ח‬ ‫שָׁכַח‬ ַ‫שָׁכוֹח‬
III-‫ע‬ ‫שָׁמַע‬ ַ‫שָׁמוֹע‬
III-‫א‬ ‫יָצָא‬ ‫יָצוֹא‬
I-‫נ‬ ‫נָפַל‬ ‫נָפוֹל‬
I-‫י‬ ‫יַָדע‬ ַ‫יָדוֹע‬
Geminate ‫סָבַב‬ ‫סָבוֹב‬

Chapter 21c
III- ‫ ה‬and biconsonantal verbs
Verbal Root Infinitive Absolute
‫עָשָׂה‬ ➣ ‫עָשֹׂה‬ or ‫עָשׂוֹ‬

‫שָׁתָה‬ ➣ ‫שָׁתֹה‬ or ‫שָׁתוֹ‬
‫ָראָה‬ ➣ ‫רָ אֹה‬ or ‫רָאוֹ‬
‫חָיָה‬ ➣ ‫חָיֹה‬ or ‫חָיוֹ‬
Verbal Root Infinitive Absolute
‫בּוֹא‬ ➣ ‫בּוֹא‬ or ‫בֹּא‬

‫שִׂים‬ ➣ ‫שׂוֹם‬
‫קוּם‬ ➣ ‫קוֹם‬
‫מוּת‬ ➣ ‫מוֹת‬

Chapter 21d
parsing
The Infinitive Absolute form is not inflected for

person, gender or number. When parsing you
are required to identify only stem, conjugation
and lexical form.
‫הָלוְֹך‬ Qal Infinitive Absolute ‫הָלְַך‬

‫מוֹת‬ Qal Infinitive Absolute ‫מוּת‬

Chapter 21e
usage
1. Emphatic. The Infinitive Absolute can precede or follow

a Perfect or Imperfect verbal form of the same root in
order to emphasize the verbal meaning.
‫מוֹת תָּמוּת‬
you (2ms) will certainly die (2 Kgs 1:16)
2. Imperatival. The Infinitive Absolute can stand by itself
and function as an Imperative.
‫שָׁמוֹר אֶת–יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת‬

Observe the sabbath day! (Deut 5:12)
3. Contemporaneous Action. Two Infinitive Absolutes can
be used together with a Perfect or Imperfect verb to
express two verbal actions occurring simultaneously.
‫וַיֵּלְֶך הָלוְֹך וְאָכֹל‬

(literally) and he walked, walking and eating;
(idiomatically) and he walked, eating as he went (Judg 14:9)
4. Complementary. The Infinitive Absolute can comple-
ment the main verb of a sentence and carry the temporal
value of that main verb.
‫ָרגוֹם אֹתוֹ בָאֲבָנִים כָּל–הָעֵָדה‬

All of the congregation shall stone him with stones (Num 15:35).

Chapter 21f
the particle ‫יֵשׁ‬
Hebrew can express the existence of someone or something by
using the particle ‫ ) יֶשׁ–( יֵשׁ‬which translates either “(there)
is” or “(there) are.”
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫יֵשׁ מ‬
“there is a king” or “a king is”
‫אָכֵן יֵשׁ יְהוָה בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה‬

Surely the Lord is in this place (Gen 28:16).
‫ יֵשׁ‬may also be used to express possession when followed

by the preposition ְ‫( ל‬to).
‫יֶשׁ–לִי תְִקוָה‬
Literally: There is to me hope.
Idiomatically: I have hope (Ruth 1:12).
‫הֲיֵשׁ לָכֶם אָח‬

Literally: Is there to you a brother?
Idiomatically: Do you have a brother? (Gen 43:7)

Chapter 21g
the particle ‫אֵין‬
Hebrew may express the non-existence or absence of someone
or something by using the particle ‫יִן( אֵין‬.ַ‫ )א‬which translates
either “(there) is not” or “(there) are not.”
‫אֵין–יוֹסֵף בַּבּוֹר‬
Joseph was not in the cistern (Gen 37:29).
‫וְאֵין–ַדּעַת אֱֹלהִים בָּאֶָרץ‬

(And) there is no knowledge of God in the land (Hos 4:1).
‫ אֵין‬can appear with pronominal suffixes as in ‫( אֵינֶ>נּוּ‬3ms

or 1cp) and ‫( אֵינָם‬3mp) or it may be used to negate a
verbless clause or sentences with Participles used
predicatively.
‫אֵינ ָם יְֵראִים אֶת–יְהוָה‬

They do not fear the Lord (2 Kgs 17:34).
‫אָמַר נָבָל בְּלִבּוֹ אֵין אֱֹלהִים‬

(The) fool says in his heart, “There is no God” (Ps 53:2
[English 53:1]).

Chapter 20a
Qal Infinitive Construct
basic form
The Infinitive Construct is not inflected for person,

gender or number. There is one basic form and,
therefore, no paradigm to memorize. The vowel
pattern is consistent for all strong verbs and even
for most weak verbs. Note that the basic form of
the Qal Infinitive Construct is identical to the Qal
Imperative 2ms (‫)ְקטֹל‬.
Infinitive Construct
Strong Verb
‫קְטֹל‬

Chapter 20b
examples with weak verbs
Imperative Infinitive Infinitive

2ms Construct Translation
Strong ‫זְכֹר‬ ‫זְכֹר‬ to remember
I-Gutt ‫עֲזֹב‬ ‫עֲזֹב‬ to abandon
I-‫א‬ ‫אֱמֹר‬ ‫אֱמֹר‬ to say
II-Gutt ‫בְּחַר‬ ‫בְּחֹר‬ to choose
III-‫ח‬ ‫שְׁלַח‬ ַ‫שְׁלֹח‬ to send
III- ‫ע‬ ‫שְׁמַע‬ ַ‫שְׁמ ֹע‬ to hear
III- ‫א‬ ‫ְקָרא‬ ‫קְרֹא‬ to call

Chapter 20c
III- ‫ ה‬verbs: spelling
The Infinitive Construct form of III- ‫ ה‬verbs ends

in ‫וֹת‬. Remember that Imperfect forms end in ‫בֶה‬
(except in those forms with sufformatives) and
that Imperative forms end in ‫(בֵה‬2ms).
Summary of III-‫ ה‬Verbal Endings
Ending Example Translation
Imperfect ‫יִבְנ ֶה בֶה‬ he will build
Imperative ‫בְּנ ֵה בֵה‬ you (2ms) build!
Infinitive ‫בְּנוֹת וֹת‬ to build, building

Construct

Chapter 20d
III- ‫ ה‬verbs: examples
Verbal Infinitive
Root Construct Translation
‫בָּנָה‬ ‫בְּנוֹת‬ to build, building
‫בְּכוֹת בָּכָה‬ to weep, weeping
‫עֲלוֹת עָלָה‬ to go up, going up
‫עָנָה‬ ‫עֲנוֹת‬ to answer, answering
‫עֲשׂוֹת עָשָׂה‬ to do, doing
‫הָיָה‬ ‫הֱיוֹת‬ to be, being
‫רְאוֹת ָראָה‬ to see, seeing

Chapter 20e
‫נ‬
I- verbs
Verbal Infinitive Alternate

Root Construct Form
with ‫נ‬ with ‫ת‬
‫נָסַע‬ ַ‫נְסֹע‬ ‫עַת‬.ַ‫ס‬

‫נָגַע‬ ַ‫נְגֹע‬ ‫עַת‬.ַ‫גּ‬
‫נָטַע‬ ַ‫נְטֹע‬ ‫עַת‬.ַ‫ט‬
‫נָשָׂא‬ ‫נְשׂא‬ ‫)שֵׂאת( שְׂאֵת‬
‫נָגַשׁ‬ ‫שֶׁת‬.ֶ‫גּ‬
‫נָתַן‬ ‫נְתֹן‬ ‫תֵּת‬

Chapter 20f
‫י‬
I- verbs
Verbal Infinitive
Root Construct
‫יָשַׁב‬ ‫בֶת‬.‫שׁ‬
ֶ
‫יַָרשׁ‬ ‫שֶׁת‬.‫ֶר‬
‫יָלַד‬ ‫ֶֶדת‬.‫ל‬
‫יַָרד‬ ‫ֶדת‬.‫ֶר‬
‫יַָדע‬ ‫עַת‬.ּ‫ַד‬
‫יָצָא‬ ‫צֵאת‬
‫הָלְַך‬ ‫כֶת‬.‫ֶל‬

Chapter 20g
biconsonantal verbs
Verbal Infinitive
Root Construct
‫שׁוּב‬ ‫שׁוּב‬
‫מוּת‬ ‫מוּת‬
‫בּוֹא‬ ‫בּוֹא‬
‫בּוֹשׁ‬ ‫בּוֹשׁ‬
‫ִדּין‬ ‫ִדּין‬

Chapter 20h
with suffixes and prefixes
The Infinitive Construct can take pronominal suf-

fixes that function as either the subject or object
of the verbal idea.
‫ָקטְלוֹ‬
“his killing” or “killing him”
The inseparable prepositions ְ‫בּ‬, ְ‫ כּ‬and ְ‫ ל‬may be

prefixed to the Infinitive Construct with a range
of uses and translation values.
‫לִזְכֹּר‬ ‫כִּשְׁמֹר‬
in order to remember while observing
Both pronominal suffixes and prepositional pre-

fixes can occur with the Infinitive Construct.
‫כְּשָׁמְעוֹ‬
when he hears/heard
Qal Infinitive Construct of ‫ שָׁמַע‬with

preposition ְ‫ כּ‬and 3ms pronominal suffix.

Chapter 20i
negation
The negative particles ‫ ֹלא‬and ‫ אַל‬are not used to

negate the Infinitive Construct. Rather, it is negat-
ed with ‫ בִּלְתִּי‬or ‫ לְבִלְתִּי‬meaning “not” or “in
order not.”
‫לְבִלְתִּי ְקטֹל‬
“in order not to kill”
or
“not to kill”

Chapter 20j
five common uses
1. With ְ‫ ל‬to express purpose, intention or result.

‫וְֹלא–נָתַן יְהוָה לָכֶם לֵב לַָדעַת וְעֵינַיִם לְִראוֹת‬
‫וְאָזְנַיִם לִשְׁמֹעַ עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה‬
But Yahweh has not given to you a heart to know or eyes
to see or ears to hear until this day (Deut 29:3 [English 29:4]).
2. With ְ‫ ל‬to denote an action about to take place (inceptive).

‫וַיִַּקּח אֶת–הַמַּאֲכֶלֶת לִשְׁחֹט אֶת–בְּנוֹ‬
And he took the knife (in order)
to slaughter his son (Gen 22:10).
3. With or without ְ‫ ל‬as a verbal noun.

‫טוֹב לְהֹדוֹת לַיהוָה‬
It is good to praise Yahweh (Ps 92:2).
4. ְ‫ל‬
With or without to explain, clarify or complement a preceding action
or statement (complementary).
‫וְשָׁמְַרתָּ אֶת–מִצְוֹת יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך לָלֶכֶת בְִּדָרכָיו‬

And you shall observe the commandments of Yahweh
your God by walking in his ways (Deut 8:6).
5. With ְ‫ בּ‬or ְ‫ כּ‬in a temporal clause with or without pronominal suffixes.

‫וַיְהִי בִּשְׁכֹּן יִשְָׂראֵל בָּאֶָרץ הַהִוא‬
When (while) Israel dwelt in that land … (Gen 35:22).

Chapter 19a
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs
introduction
‫נוּ‬.ָ‫יִשְׁמֹר אֹת‬ he will keep us

‫יִשְׁמְרֵנוּ‬ he will keep us
‫שָׁפַט אֹתְָך‬ he judged you

‫שְׁפָטְָך‬ he judged you

Chapter 19b
review: type 1 suffixes
Type 1 Type 1 Objective

Suffixes Alternate Translation
1cs ‫בִי‬ ‫נִי‬ me
2ms ‫ָך‬ you
2fs ‫ְך‬ you
3ms ‫וֹ‬ ‫הוּ‬ him (it)
3fs ‫ָהּ‬ ָ‫ה‬ her (it)
1cp ‫נוּ‬ us
2mp ‫כֶם‬ you
2fp ‫כֶן‬ you
3mp ‫הֶם‬ ‫ם‬ them
3fp ‫הֶן‬ ‫ן‬ them

Chapter 19c
on the qal perfect
Qal Perfect 3ms Translation
1cs ‫ַנ ִי‬.‫ְקטָל‬ he killed me
2ms ‫ְקט<לְָך‬ he killed you
2fs ‫ְקטָלְֵך‬ he killed you
3ms ‫ְקטָלוֹ‬ he killed him (it)
3fs ‫ְקטָל ָהּ‬ he killed her (it)
1cp ‫ָנוּ‬.‫ְקטָל‬ he killed us
2mp ‫ְקט<לְכֶם‬ he killed you
2fp ‫לְכֶן‬,‫ְקט‬ he killed you
3mp ‫ְקטָלָם‬ he killed them
3fp ‫ְקטָלָן‬ he killed them

Chapter 19d
spelling the qal perfect
Qal Perfect Qal Perfect

Without Suffixes Before Suffixes
3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫קְטָל‬

3fs ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬ ‫ת‬.ַ‫קְטָל‬
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ .‫קְטַלְתּ‬
2fs ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬ ‫י‬.ִ‫קְטַלְתּ‬

1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫י‬.ִ‫קְטַלְתּ‬
3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ ‫וּ‬.‫קְטָל‬
2mp ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫קְטַלְנ>וּ‬

Chapter 19e
spelling the qal perfect: examples
‫צְאָה‬,‫ת( מ‬.ַ‫ ) מְצָא‬+ ‫נוּ‬ ➣ ‫תְנוּ‬.ַ‫מְצָא‬ she (it) found us
ָ‫עְתּ‬.‫( יַָד‬.‫ )יְַדעְתּ‬+ ‫וֹ‬ ➣ ‫יְַדעְתּוֹ‬ you knew him
‫תִּי‬.ַ‫י( נָת‬.ִ‫ )נְתַתּ‬+ ָ‫ה‬ ➣ ָ‫יה‬.ִ‫נְתַתּ‬ I gave her (it)
‫בְבוּ‬,‫ֻ( ס‬.‫)סְבָב‬ + ‫נִי‬ ➣ ‫נ ִי‬.ֻ‫סְבָב‬ they surrounded me
‫עְנוּ‬.‫ )יְַדעֲנ>וּ( יַָד‬+ ‫ם‬ ➣ ‫יְַדעֲנוּם‬ we knew them

Chapter 19f
imperfect: nun-suffixes
Type 1 Nun-
Suffix Suffix Example Translation
2ms ‫ָך‬ ָ‫ךּ‬.ֶ‫ךָּ ב‬.‫יִלְכְּ ֶד‬ he will capture you
3ms ‫וֹ‬/‫הוּ‬ ‫נּוּ‬.ֶ‫ֶנּוּ ב‬.‫יִלְכְּד‬ he will capture him
3fs ‫בָהּ‬/ָ‫ה‬ ‫נָּה‬.ֶ‫נָּה ב‬.‫יִלְכְּ ֶד‬ he will capture her

Chapter 19g
spelling the qal imperfect
Qal Imperfect Qal Imperfect

Without Suffixes Before Suffixes
3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יְִקטְל‬

3fs ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תְִּקטְל‬
2ms ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תְִּקטְל‬
2fs ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
1cs ‫אְֶקטֹל‬ ‫אְֶקטְל‬
3mp ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬
2mp ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬
1cp ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ‫נְִקטְל‬

Chapter 19h
spelling the qal imperfect: examples
‫וַיְִּקבְּרוּ‬ + ‫הוּ‬ ➣ ‫וַיְִּקבְֻּרהוּ‬ and they buried him
‫יִשְׁמֹר‬ + ‫ָך‬ ➣ ‫יִשְׁמְָרָך‬ he will observe you
‫יִשְׁלַח‬ + ‫ָך‬ ➣ ‫יִשְׁלָחֲָך‬ he will send you
‫יְִראֶה‬ + ‫נָּה‬.ֶ‫ב‬ ➣ ‫נָּה‬.ֶ‫יְִרא‬ he will see her
‫וַיִּתֵּן‬ + ‫ם‬ ➣ ‫וַיִּתְּנֵם‬ and he gave them

Chapter 19i
on imperatives
The suffixes used on the Imperative are the same as

those used on the Imperfect.
1. The Imperative 2ms form ‫ ְקטֹל‬is spelled ‫( קָטְל‬with

Qamets Hatuf) before a pronominal suffix.
‫שְׁמֹר‬ + ‫ם‬ ➣ ‫שָׁמְֵרם‬ (You) observe them!

‫שְׁפֹט‬ + ‫נִי‬ ➣ ‫שָׁפְטֵ נִי‬ (You) judge me!
2. The Imperative 2fs (‫ )ִקטְלִי‬and 2mp (‫)ִקטְלוּ‬, both

ending in a vowel, do not change.
‫תִּפְשׂוּ‬ + ‫ם‬ ➣ ‫תִּפְשׂוּם‬ (You) seize them!

‫ִדְּרשׁוּ‬ + ‫נִי‬ ➣ ‫ִדְּרשׁוּ נִי‬ (You) seek me!
3. Imperatives with a Pathach stem vowel (‫)שְׁמַע‬

lengthen Pathach to Qamets before pronominal
suffixes.
‫שְׁמַע‬ + ‫נִי‬ ➣ ‫שְׁמָעֵ נִי‬ (You) hear me!

‫גְּאַל‬ + ‫ָהּ‬ ➣ ‫גְּאָלָהּ‬ (You) redeem her (it)!

Chapter 19j
parsing
When parsing verbs with pronominal suffixes, you

will need to identify the verb and the person,
gender and number of the suffix.
‫יָך‬.ִ‫נְתַתּ‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫נָתַן‬ with 2ms suffix
‫ֶנּוּ‬.‫יִלְכְּד‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫לָכַד‬ with 3ms suffix

Chapter 18a - Qal Imperative
introduction
Volitional Conjugations
The term “volitional” describes those
conjugations used, as a general rule,
to express some type of command,
wish or desire.
Imperative
2nd person volitional conjugation
Cohortative
1st person volitional conjugation
Jussive
3rd person volitional conjugation

Chapter 18b - Qal Imperative
strong verb paradigm
Imperative Sufformative Translation
2ms ‫ְקטֹל‬ (you) kill!
2fs ‫ִקטְלִי‬ ‫לִי‬ (you) kill!
2mp ‫ִקטְלוּ‬ ‫בוּ‬ (you) kill!
2fp ‫ֹלְנָה‬.‫ְקט‬ ‫בנָה‬ (you) kill!
Imperfect Subtract Imperative

Form Preformative Form
2ms ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ➣ ‫תִּ|ְקטֹל‬ ➣ ‫ְקטֹל‬

2fs ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ➣ ‫תִּ|ְקטְלִי‬ ➣ ‫ִקטְלִי‬
2mp ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ➣ ‫תִּ|ְקטְלוּ‬ ➣ ‫ִקטְלוּ‬
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ➣ ‫לְנָה‬.‫תִּ|ְק ֹט‬ ➣ ‫לְנָה‬.‫ְק ֹט‬

Chapter 18c - Qal Imperative
“lengthened” 2ms imperative
Lexical Regular Lengthened

Form Imperative Imperative Translation
‫קָטַל‬ ‫ְקטֹל‬ ‫קָטְלָה‬ you (2ms) kill!
‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫שְׁמֹר‬ ‫שָׁמְרָ ה‬ you (2ms) observe!
‫שָׁפַט‬ ‫שְׁפֹט‬ ‫שָׁפְטָה‬ you (2ms) judge!
‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫שְׁמַע‬ ‫שִׁמְעָה‬ you (2ms) listen!
The vowel in the first syllable of a lengthened

Imperative like ‫ קָטְלָה‬is Qamets Hatuf
It may also appear with Hireq as in ‫שִׁמְעָה‬

Chapter 18d - Qal Imperative
the particle ‫נָא‬
Imperatives (along with the other volitional

conjugations) may be followed by the
particle ‫ נָא‬which can be translated as
“please” or simply left untranslated.
‫שְׁמֹר נָא‬
‫שְׁמָר–נָא‬
“observe!” or
“please observe!”

‫‪Chapter 18e - Qal Imperative‬‬
‫‪weak verbs: part 1‬‬
‫‪I-Guttural‬‬ ‫‪II-Guttural‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַק‬ ‫➣‬ ‫חֲזַק‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בְּחַר‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תֶּחֶזְִקי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫חִזְִקי‬ ‫תִּבְחֲִרי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בַּחֲִרי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תֶּחֶזְקוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫חִזְקוּ‬ ‫תִּבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בַּחֲרוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַ‪ְ.‬קנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫חֲזַ‪ְ.‬קנָה‬ ‫תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בְּח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬
‫‪ Type 1‬א‪I-‬‬ ‫‪ Type 2‬א‪I-‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱסֹר‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אֱסֹר‬ ‫תֹּאמַר‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אֱמֹר‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תַּאַסְִרי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אִסְִרי‬ ‫תֹּאמְִרי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אִמְִרי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תַּאַסְרוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אִסְרוּ‬ ‫תֹּאמְרוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אִמְרוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱס‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אֱסֹ‪ְ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תֹּאמ‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫אֱמ‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬
‫ע‪/‬ח‪III-‬‬ ‫א‪III-‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שְׁלַח‬ ‫תִּמְצָא‬ ‫➣‬ ‫מְצָא‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שִׁלְחִי‬ ‫תִּמְצְאִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫מִצְאִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שִׁלְחוּ‬ ‫תִּמְצְאוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫מִצְאוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שְׁלַ‪.‬חְנָה‬ ‫תִּמְצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫מְצֶ‪.‬אנָה‬
‫א‬ ‫‪Basics of Biblical Hebrew‬‬

‫‪© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt‬‬
‫‪Chapter 18f - Qal Imperative‬‬
‫‪weak verbs: part 2‬‬
‫ה‪III-‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּבְנֶה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בְּנֵה‬ ‫תָּסֹב‬ ‫➣‬ ‫סֹב‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְנִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בְּנִי‬ ‫תָּסֹ‪.‬בִּי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫סֹ‪.‬בִּי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּבְנוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בְּנוּ‬ ‫תָּס‪ֹ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ס‪ֹ.‬בּוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְנֶ>ינָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בְּנֶ>ינָה‬ ‫תְּסֻבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ֹס‪.‬בְנָה‬
‫‪ Type 1‬נ‪I-‬‬ ‫‪ Type 2‬נ‪I-‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּפֹּל‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נְפֹל‬ ‫תִּסַּע‬ ‫➣‬ ‫סַע‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּפְּלִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נִפְלִי‬ ‫תִּסְעִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫סְעִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּפְּלוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נִפְלוּ‬ ‫תִּסְעוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫סְעוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּפֹּ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נְפֹ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תִּ ַסּ‪.‬עְנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫סַ‪.‬עְנָה‬
‫‪ Type 1‬י‪I-‬‬ ‫‪ Type 2‬י‪I-‬‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֵּשֵׁב‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שֵׁב‬ ‫תִּיַרשׁ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ַרשׁ‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תֵּשְׁבִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שְׁבִי‬ ‫תִּיְרשִׁי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ְרשִׁי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תֵּשְׁבוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שְׁבוּ‬ ‫תִּיְרשׁוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ְרשׁוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֵּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שֵׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תִּיַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬

‫‪Chapter 18g - Qal Imperative‬‬
‫‪biconsonantal verbs‬‬
‫קוּם‬ ‫שִׂים‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תָּקוּם‬ ‫➣‬ ‫קוּם‬ ‫תָּשִׂים‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שִׂים‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תָּק‪.‬וּמִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ק‪.‬וּמִי‬ ‫תָּשׂ‪ִ.‬ימִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שׂ‪ִ.‬ימִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תָּק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫תָּשׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫שׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תְּקוּמֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ֹק‪.‬מְנָה‬ ‫תְּשִׂימ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬
‫בּוֹא‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תָּבוֹא‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בּוֹא‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בּ‪.‬וֹאִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫בּ‪.‬וֹאוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאנָה‬

‫‪Chapter 18h - Qal Imperative‬‬
‫‪irregular/doubly weak verbs‬‬
‫)‪ (to give‬נָתַן‬ ‫)‪ (to take‬לַָקח‬

‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּתֵּן‬ ‫➣‬ ‫תֵּן‬ ‫תִַּקּח‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ַקח‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּתְּנִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫תְּנִי‬ ‫תְִּקחִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ְקחִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּתְּנוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫תְּנוּ‬ ‫תְִּקחוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ְקחוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּתֵּ‪.‬נָּה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ֵתּ‪.‬נָּה‬ ‫תִּ ַקּ‪.‬חְנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ַק‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫)‪ (to walk‬הָלְַך‬ ‫)‪ (to be‬הָיָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֵּלְֵך‬ ‫➣‬ ‫לְֵך‬ ‫תִּהְיֶה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫הֱיֵה‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תֵּלְכִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫לְכִי‬ ‫תִּהְיִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תֵּלְכוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫לְכוּ‬ ‫תִּהְיוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫הֱיוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֵּ ַל‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫ֵל‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תִּהְיֶ>ינָה‬
‫)‪ (to go up‬עָלָה‬ ‫)‪ (to extend‬נָטָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תַּעֲלֶה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫עֲלֵה‬ ‫תִּטֶּה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נְטֵה‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תַּעֲלִי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫עֲלִי‬ ‫תִּטִּי‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נְטִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תַּעֲלוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫עֲלוּ‬ ‫תִּטּוּ‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נְטוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תַּעֲלֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫עֲלֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּטֶּ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫➣‬ ‫נְטֶ‪.‬ינָה‬

Chapter 18i - Qal Cohortative
the basics
The Cohortative occurs only in the first person,

singular and plural. It is constructed by adding
‫ בָה‬to a first person form of the Imperfect.
This final ‫ בָה‬is the diagnostic indicator of the
Cohortative conjugation.
Imperfect Cohortative
‫ אְֶקטֹל‬+ ‫אְֶקטְלָה = בָה‬

‫ נְִקטֹל‬+ ‫נְִקטְלָה = בָה‬
‫אֶשְׁמְרָ ה תּוָֹרתְָך‬ May I observe your law.

Let me observe your law.
‫נִכְְרתָה בְִרית‬ Let us make (cut) a covenant.

May we make (cut) a covenant.

Chapter 18j - Qal Jussive
the basics
The Jussive conjugation occurs primarily in

the third person, singular and plural. With
strong verbs, the form of the Jussive is the
same as its corresponding Imperfect form. For
example, ‫ יִכְתֹּב‬may be translated as either “he
will write” or “let him write.” The presence
of the particle ‫ נָא‬will suggest the Jussive
translation.
‫יִזְכָּר–נָא הַמֶּלְֶך אֶת–יְהוָה‬

Let the king remember Yahweh.
(2 Sam 14:11)
‫יִשְׁפֹּט יְהוָה בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶיָך‬

May Yahweh judge between me and between you.
(Gen 16:5)
‫יִסְלַח יְהוָה לְעַבְֶדָּך‬

May Yahweh forgive your servant .
(2 Kgs 5:18)

Chapter 18k - Qal Jussive
“short” forms
Short jussive forms occur only in the singular

and only with selected types of weak verbs,
especially III-‫ ה‬weak verbs.
Perfect Imperfect Jussive (short)
‫ בָּנָה‬he built ‫ יִבְנֶה‬he will build ‫יִ>בֶן‬ let him build
‫ עָשָׂה‬he made ‫ יַעֲשֶׂה‬he will make ‫יַ>עַשׂ‬ let him make
‫ עָלָה‬he went up ‫ יַעֲלֶה‬he will go up ‫יַ>עַל‬ let him go up
‫ ָראָה‬he saw ‫ יְִראֶה‬he will see ‫י>ֵֶרא‬ let him see
‫וְיִבֶן אֶת–בֵּית יְהוָה‬

And let him build the house of Yahweh (Ezra 1:3).
‫וַיֹּאמֶר אֱֹלהִים יְהִי אוֹר‬

And God said, “let there be light” (Gen 1:3).

Chapter 18l - Qal Jussive
and Cohortative
negation
Jussive and Cohortative verbs are negated with ‫אַל‬.

This construction expresses a negative wish or a mild-
er form of prohibition than that expressed by ‫ֹלא‬
plus the Imperfect. The particle ‫ נָא‬is sometimes at-
tached to ‫ אַל‬with Maqqef (‫)אַל–נָא‬. In most instances,
you do not need to translate the particle ‫נָא‬.
‫אַל–נָא נֹאבְדָה‬
Do not let us perish.
(Jonah 1:14)
‫וְאַל–יִחַר אַפְָּך בְּעַבְֶדָּך‬

Do not let your anger burn against your servant .
(Gen 44:18)

Chapter 18m - Qal Imperative,
Cohortative and Jussive
verbal sequences
1. Multiple Imperative verbs may occur in succession.

Context will determine whether or not they are
related consequentially or sequentially.
‫עֲלֵה וְּקבֹר אֶת–אָבִיָך‬

Go up and bury your father (Gen 50:6).
2. An Imperative verb may be followed by a Perfect

verb with Waw Conversive. The Perfect verb may
carry the full force of the preceding Imperative.
‫לְֵך וְאָמְַרתָּ אֶל–עַבְִדּי‬

Go and say to my servant (2 Sam 7:5).
3. An Imperative may be followed by an Imperfect or

Cohortative, a construction that will create a purpose
or result clause. The Imperfect will be marked with
the conjunction ְ‫ ו‬and is translated as “so that.”
‫ְרדוּ–שָׁמָּה וְשִׁבְרוּ–לָנוּ מִשָּׁם וְנִחְיֶה‬

Go down there and buy grain for us from
there so that we might live (Gen 42:2).

Chapter 17a - Waw Conversive
introduction
Converted verbal forms are

used primarily to denote
sequences of consecutive
actions, either in the past,
present or future.

Chapter 17b - Waw Conversive
basic form with imperfect
Qal Imperfect without Qal Imperfect with

Waw Conversive Waw Conversive
‫יִשְׁמֹר‬ ‫וַיִּשְׁמֹר‬
he will observe and he observed
‫יִזְכֹּר‬ ‫וַיִּזְכֹּר‬
he will remember and he remembered
Imperfect with
Waw Conversive
‫וַיִ ּ ְקטֹל‬

Chapter 17c - Waw Conversive
imperfect strong verb paradigm
Imperfect with Waw Conversive
3ms ‫וַי ּ ִ ְקטֹל‬ and he killed
3fs ‫וַ ּתִקְטֹל‬ and she killed
2ms ‫וַ ּתִקְטֹל‬ and you killed
2fs ‫וַ ּתִ ְק ְטלִי‬ and you killed
1cs ‫וָאְֶקטֹל‬ and I killed
3mp ‫וַי ּ ִ ְקטְלוּ‬ and they killed
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫וַ ִּת ְק ֹט‬ and they killed
2mp ‫וַ ּתִ ְקטְלוּ‬ and you killed
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫וַ ִּת ְק ֹט‬ and you killed
1cp ‫וַנ ִּ ְקטֹל‬ and we killed

Chapter 17d - Waw Conversive
waw conversive and regular waw
Qal Imperfect with Qal Imperfect with

Waw Conversive Regular Waw
3ms ‫וַי ּ ִ ְקטֹל‬ ‫וְיְִקטֹל‬ and he will kill
3fs ‫וַ ּתִ ְקטֹל‬ ‫וְתְִקטֹל‬ and she will kill
2ms ‫וַ ּתִ ְקטֹל‬ ‫וְתְִקטֹל‬ and you will kill
2fs ‫וַ ּתִ ְקטְלִי‬ ‫וְתְִקטְלִי‬ and you will kill
1cs ‫וָאְֶקטֹל‬ ‫וְאְֶקטֹל‬ and I will kill
3mp ‫וַי ּ ִ ְקטְלוּ‬ ‫וְיְִקטְלוּ‬ and they will kill
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫וַ ִּת ְק ֹט‬ ‫לְנָה‬.ֹ‫וְתְִקט‬ and they will kill
2mp ‫וַ ּתִ ְקטְלוּ‬ ‫וְתְִקטְלוּ‬ and you will kill
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫וַ ִּת ְק ֹט‬ ‫לְנָה‬.ֹ‫וְתְִקט‬ and you will kill
1cp ‫וַנ ִּ ְקטֹל‬ ‫וְנְִקטֹל‬ and we will kill

Chapter 17e - Waw Conversive
use of converted imperfect
1. A past tense narrative sequence may begin with a Perfect

verb followed by any number of converted Imperfect
verbs.
‫וְהָאָדָם יַָדע אֶת–חַוָּה אִשְׁתּוֹ וַתַּהַר וַתֵּלֶד אֶת–ַקיִן‬

And Adam knew Eve his wife, and then she
conceived, and then she bore Cain (Gen 4:1).
2. A past tense narrative sequence may begin with the

temporal modifier ‫ וַיְהִי‬followed by Imperfect verbs with
Waw Conversive.
‫וַיְהִי אַחֲֵרי מוֹת אַבְָרהָם וַיְבֶָרְך אֱֹלהִים אֶת–יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ‬

And after the death of Abraham
God blessed Isaac his son (Gen 25:11).
3. A past tense narrative sequence may begin with the

converted Imperfect itself.
‫וַיְִּקָרא אֶל–מֹשֶׁה וַיְַדבֵּר יְהוָה אֵלָיו מֵאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד‬

And he called to Moses and Yahweh spoke to him
from the tent of meeting (Lev 1:1).

Chapter 17f - Waw Conversive
changes in spelling
With I-‫ א‬verbs like ‫ אָמַר‬and some I-‫ י‬verbs (including

‫)הָלְַך‬, the stem vowel changes to Seghol.
‫ יֹאמַר‬he will say ➣ ‫ וַיֹּ>אמֶר‬and he said
‫ יֵשֵׁב‬he will dwell ➣ ‫ וַיֵּ>שֶׁב‬and he dwelt
‫ יֵלְֵך‬he will go ➣ ‫ וַיֵּ>לְֶך‬and he went
Biconsonantal and III-‫ ה‬verbs are “shortened” in

converted Imperfect forms without a sufformative
(except the 1cs). With Biconsonantal verbs, the medial
vowel letter is lost. With III-‫ ה‬verbs, the final ‫ ה‬drops
off.
‫ יָקוּם‬he will rise up ➣ ‫וַיָּ>קָם‬ and he rose up
‫ יָשִׂים‬he will set ➣ ‫וַיָּ>שֶׂם‬ and he set
‫ יִבְנֶה‬he will build ➣ ‫וַיִּ>בֶן‬ and he built
‫ יִגְלֶה‬he will reveal ➣ ‫וַיִּ>גֶל‬ and he revealed

Chapter 17g - Waw Conversive
basic form with perfect
Qal Perfect without Qal Perfect with

Waw Conversive Waw Conversive
‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫וְשָׁמַר‬
he observed and he will observe
‫זָכַר‬ ‫וְזָכַר‬
he remembered and he will remember
Perfect with
Waw Conversive
‫וְקָטַל‬

Chapter 17h - Waw Conversive
perfect strong verb paradigm
Perfect with Waw Conversive
3ms ‫וְקָטַל‬ and he will kill
3fs ‫טְלָה‬,‫וְק‬ and she will kill
2ms .ָ‫וְָקטַלְתּ‬ and you will kill
2fs ְ‫וְָקטַלְתּ‬ and you will kill
1cs ‫י‬.ִ‫וְָקטַלְתּ‬ and I will kill
3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫וְק‬ and they will kill
2mp ‫וְּקטַלְתֶּם‬ and you will kill
2fp ‫וְּקטַלְתֶּן‬ and you will kill
1cp ‫וְָקטַלְנוּ‬ and we will kill

Chapter 17i - Waw Conversive
use of converted perfect
1. The future tense narrative sequence may begin with an

Imperfect verb followed by any number of converted
Perfect verbs.
‫שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּעֲבֹד וְעָשִׂיתָ כָּל–מְלַאכְתֶָּך‬

Six days you will labor and (you will) do
all your work (Deut 5:13).
2. The temporal modifier ‫ וְהָיָה‬may mark the beginning of

a future tense narrative sequence.
‫וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וְשָׁבְַרתִּי אֶת–ֶקשֶׁת יִשְָׂראֵל‬

And in that day I will break the
bow of Israel (Hos 1:5).
3. The converted Perfect will frequently follow an

Imperative verb and carry the full force of the initial
Imperative.
‫עֲמֹד בְּשַׁעַר בֵּית יְהוָה וְקָָראתָ שָּׁם אֶת–הַדָּבָר‬

‫הַזֶּה וְאָמְַרתָּ שִׁמְעוּ ְדבַר–יְהוָה‬
Stand (Imperative) in the gate of Yahweh’s house and
(you will) proclaim there this word and (you will) say,
“Hear the word of Yahweh” (Jer 7:2).

Chapter 17j - Waw Conversive
parsing
The parsing of converted verbal forms is just like the parsing

of regular Perfect or Imperfect verbs except that you must
identify the presence of the Waw Conversive.
‫ וַיִּשְׁמֹר‬Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁמַר‬ with Waw Conversive
‫וְזָכַר‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫זָכַר‬ with Waw Conversive

‫‪Chapter 16a - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪II-guttural/III- /‬‬ ‫עח‬
‫‪II-Guttural‬‬ ‫ע ‪/‬ח‪III-‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִבְחַר‬ ‫יִשְׁלַח‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְחֲִרי‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶבְחַר‬ ‫אֶשְׁלַח‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫יִשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תִּשְׁל‪ַ.‬חְנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תִּשְׁל‪ַ.‬חְנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִבְחַר‬ ‫נִשְׁלַח‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

Chapter 16b - Qal Imperfect: Weak
III-‫א‬
III-‫א‬ Strong
3ms ‫יִמְצָא‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

3fs ‫תִּמְצָא‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
2ms ‫תִּמְצָא‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
2fs ‫תִּמְצְאִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
1cs ‫אֶמְצָא‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
3mp ‫יִמְצְאוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
3fp ‫ֶאנָה‬.‫תִּמְצ‬ ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬
2mp ‫תִּמְצְאוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
2fp ‫ֶאנָה‬.‫תִּמְצ‬ ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬
1cp ‫נִמְצָא‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

Chapter 16c - Qal Imperfect: Weak
III- ‫ה‬
III-‫ה‬ Strong
3ms ‫יִבְנ ֶה‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

3fs ‫תִּבְנ ֶה‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
2ms ‫תִּבְנ ֶה‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
2fs ‫תִּבְנִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
1cs ‫אֶבְנ ֶה‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
3mp ‫יִבְנוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
3fp ‫ינָה‬.ֶ ‫תִּבְנ‬ ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬
2mp ‫תִּבְנוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
2fp ‫ינָה‬.ֶ ‫תִּבְנ‬ ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬
1cp ‫נִבְנ ֶה‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

‫‪Chapter 16d - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪I-guttural‬‬
‫‪I-Guttural‬‬ ‫‪I-Guttural‬‬
‫‪Type 1‬‬ ‫‪Type 2‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יֶחֱז ַק‬ ‫יַעֲמֹד‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַק‬ ‫תַּעֲמֹד‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַק‬ ‫תַּעֲמֹד‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תֶּחֶזְִקי‬ ‫תַּעַמְִדי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶחֱזַק‬ ‫אֶעֱמֹד‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יֶחֶזְקוּ‬ ‫יַעַמְדוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַ>ְקנָה‬ ‫תַּעֲמ‪ְֹ.‬דנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תֶּחֶזְקוּ‬ ‫תַּעַמְדוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַ>ְקנָה‬ ‫תַּעֲמ‪ְֹ.‬דנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נֶחֱזַק‬ ‫נַעֲמֹד‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

‫‪Chapter 16e - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪I-‬‬‫א‬
‫א‪I-‬‬ ‫א‪I-‬‬
‫‪Type 1‬‬ ‫‪Type 2‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יֶאֱסֹר‬ ‫יֹאמַר‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱסֹר‬ ‫תֹּאמַר‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱסֹר‬ ‫תֹּאמַר‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תַּאַסְִרי‬ ‫תֹּאמְִרי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶאֱסֹר‬ ‫אֹמַר‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יַאַסְרוּ‬ ‫יֹאמְרוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱס‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תֹּאמ‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תַּאַסְרוּ‬ ‫תֹּאמְרוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱס‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תֹּאמ‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נֶאֱסֹר‬ ‫נֹאמַר‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

Chapter 16f - Qal Imperfect: Weak
biconsonantal classification
Qal Perfect 3ms Qal Imperfect 3ms Lexical Entry
‫ וּ‬- Class ‫ָקם‬ he arose ‫יָקוּם‬ he will arise ‫קוּם‬ to arise
‫בִי‬- Class ‫ שָׂם‬he placed ‫יָשִׂים‬ he will place ‫שִׂים‬ to place
‫ וֹ‬- Class ‫בָּא‬ he entered ‫יָבוֹא‬ he will enter ‫בּוֹא‬ to enter

‫‪Chapter 16g - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪biconsonantal paradigms‬‬
‫‪ Class‬וּ‬ ‫‪ Class‬בִי‬ ‫‪ Class‬וֹ‬

‫קוּם‬ ‫שִׂים‬ ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫י ָקוּם‬ ‫יָשִׂים‬ ‫יָבוֹא‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תָּקוּם‬ ‫תָּשִׂים‬ ‫תָּבוֹא‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תָּקוּם‬ ‫תָּשִׂים‬ ‫תָּבוֹא‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תָּק‪.‬וּמִי‬ ‫תָּשׂ‪ִ.‬ימִי‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אָקוּם‬ ‫אָשִׂים‬ ‫אָבוֹא‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יָק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫יָשׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬ ‫יָב‪.‬וֹאוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תְּקוּמֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תְּשִׂימ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תָּק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫תָּשׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬ ‫תּ ָב‪.‬וֹאוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תְּקוּמֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תְּשִׂימ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נ ָקוּם‬ ‫נָשִׂים‬ ‫נָבוֹא‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

‫‪Chapter 16h - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪I-‬‬ ‫י‬
‫‪Type 1‬‬ ‫הָלְַך‬ ‫‪Type 2‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יֵשֵׁב‬ ‫יֵלְֵך‬ ‫י ִירַ שׁ‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תֵּשֵׁב‬ ‫תֵּלְֵך‬ ‫תִּיַרשׁ‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֵּשֵׁב‬ ‫תֵּלְֵך‬ ‫תִּיַרשׁ‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תֵּשְׁבִי‬ ‫תֵּלְכִי‬ ‫תִּיְרשִׁי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֵשֵׁב‬ ‫אֵלְֵך‬ ‫אִיַרשׁ‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יֵשְׁבוּ‬ ‫יֵלְכוּ‬ ‫י ִיְרשׁוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תֵּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תֵּלַ‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תִּיַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תֵּשְׁבוּ‬ ‫תֵּלְכוּ‬ ‫תִּיְרשׁוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֵּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תֵּלַ‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תִּיַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נֵשֵׁב‬ ‫נֵלְֵך‬ ‫נ ִיַרשׁ‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

‫‪Chapter 16i - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪I-‬‬ ‫נ‬
‫‪Type 1‬‬ ‫‪Type 2‬‬ ‫‪Doubly Weak‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִ ּפֹל‬ ‫יִסַּע‬ ‫יִנְ חַל‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּ ּפֹל‬ ‫תִּסַּע‬ ‫תִּנְחַל‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּ ּפֹל‬ ‫תִּסַּע‬ ‫תִּנְחַל‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּ ּפְלִי‬ ‫תִּסְעִי‬ ‫תִּנְחֲלִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶפֹּל‬ ‫אֶסַּע‬ ‫אֶנְחַל‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִ ּפְלוּ‬ ‫יִסְעוּ‬ ‫יִנְחֲלוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תִּ ֹּ‪.‬פלְנָה‬ ‫תִּסּ‪ַ.‬עְנָה‬ ‫תִּנְח‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּפְּלוּ‬ ‫תִּסְעוּ‬ ‫תִּנְחֲלוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּ ֹּ‪.‬פלְנָה‬ ‫תִּסּ‪ַ.‬עְנָה‬ ‫תִּנְח‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹט‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִפֹּל‬ ‫נִסַּע‬ ‫נִנְחַל‬ ‫נ ְִקטֹל‬

‫‪Chapter 16j - Qal Imperfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪summary‬‬
‫‪II-Gutt‬‬ ‫ע‪ /‬ח‪III-‬‬ ‫א‪III-‬‬ ‫ה‪III-‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִבְחַר‬ ‫יִשְׁלַח‬ ‫יִמְצָא‬ ‫יִבְנ ֶה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫תִּמְצָא‬ ‫תִּבְנ ֶה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫תִּמְצָא‬ ‫תִּבְנ ֶה‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְחֲִרי‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחִי‬ ‫תִּמְצְאִי‬ ‫תִּבְנִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶבְחַר‬ ‫אֶשְׁלַח‬ ‫אֶמְצָא‬ ‫אֶבְנ ֶה‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫יִשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫יִמְצְאוּ‬ ‫יִבְנוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תִּשְׁל‪ַ.‬חְנָה‬ ‫תִּמְצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫תִּבְנ ֶ>ינָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫תִּמְצְאוּ‬ ‫תִּבְנוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תִּשְׁל‪ַ.‬חְנָה‬ ‫תִּמְצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫תִּבְנ ֶ>ינָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִבְחַר‬ ‫נִשְׁלַח‬ ‫נִמְצָא‬ ‫נִבְנ ֶה‬

Chapter 15a - Qal Imperfect: Strong
master paradigm
Suffor- Imperfect Prefor- Translation

mative Paradigm mative
3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ִ‫י‬ he will kill
3fs ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ִ‫תּ‬ she will kill
2ms ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ִ‫תּ‬ you (ms) will kill
2fs ‫בִי‬ ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ִ‫תּ‬ you (fs) will kill
1cs ‫אְֶקטֹל‬ ֶ‫א‬ I will kill
3mp ‫וּ‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬ ִ‫י‬ they (mp) will kill
3fp ‫נָה‬ ‫ֹלְנָה‬.‫תְִּקט‬ ִ‫תּ‬ they (fp) will kill
2mp ‫וּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ִ‫תּ‬ you (mp) will kill
2fp ‫נָה‬ ‫ֹלְנָה‬.‫תְִּקט‬ ִ‫תּ‬ you (fp) will kill
1cp ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ִ‫נ‬ we will kill

‫‪Chapter 15b - Qal Imperfect: Strong‬‬
‫‪other imperfect strong verbs‬‬
‫זָכַר‬ ‫כָּתַב‬ ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫קָבַץ‬

‫‪to remember‬‬ ‫‪to write‬‬ ‫‪to keep‬‬ ‫‪to gather‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִזְכֹּר‬ ‫יִכְתֹּב‬ ‫יִשְׁמֹר‬ ‫יְִקבֹּץ‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּזְכֹּר‬ ‫תִּכְתֹּב‬ ‫תִּשְׁמֹר‬ ‫תְִּקבֹּץ‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּזְכֹּר‬ ‫תִּכְתֹּב‬ ‫תִּשְׁמֹר‬ ‫תְִּקבֹּץ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּזְכְִּרי‬ ‫תִּכְתְּבִי‬ ‫תִּשְׁמְִרי‬ ‫תְִּקבְִּצִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶזְכֹּר‬ ‫אֶכְתֹּב‬ ‫אֶשְׁמֹר‬ ‫אְֶקבֹּץ‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִזְכְּרוּ‬ ‫יִכְתְּבוּ‬ ‫יִשְׁמְרוּ‬ ‫יְִקבְּצוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תִּזְכּ‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תִּכְ ֹתּ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תִּשְׁמ‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹבּ‪.‬צְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּזְכְּרוּ‬ ‫תִּכְתְּבוּ‬ ‫תִּשְׁמְרוּ‬ ‫תְִּקבְּצוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּזְכּ‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תִּכְ ֹתּ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תִּשְׁמ‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תְִּק ֹבּ‪.‬צְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִזְכֹּר‬ ‫נִכְתֹּב‬ ‫נִשְׁמֹר‬ ‫נְִקבֹּץ‬

Chapter 15c - Qal Imperfect: Strong
stative verbs
With the Imperfect inflection of stative verbs,
the stem vowel is Pathach regardless
of the stem vowel in the Perfect.
Perfect Imperfect
Pathach-Stative ‫גַָּדל‬ ➣ ‫יִגְדַ ּל‬
Tsere-Stative ‫כָּבֵד‬ ➣ ‫יִכְבּ ַד‬
Holem-Stative ‫קָטֹן‬ ➣ ‫יְִקטַן‬
‫גַָּדל‬ ‫כָּבֵד‬ ‫קָטֹן‬

Pathach- Tsere- Holem-
Stative Stative Stative
3ms ‫יִגְַדּל‬ ‫יִכְבַּד‬ ‫יְִקטַן‬

3fs ‫תִּגְַדּל‬ ‫תִּכְבַּד‬ ‫תְִּקטַן‬
2ms ‫תִּגְַדּל‬ ‫תִּכְבַּד‬ ‫תְִּקטַן‬
2fs ‫תִּגְְדּלִי‬ ‫תִּכְבְִּדי‬ ‫תְִּקטְנִי‬
1cs ‫אֶגְַדּל‬ ‫אֶכְבַּד‬ ‫אְֶקטַן‬
3mp ‫יִגְְדּלוּ‬ ‫יִכְבְּדוּ‬ ‫יְִקטְנוּ‬
3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תִּגְ ַדּ‬ ‫ְַדנָה‬.‫תִּכְבּ‬ ‫נָּה‬.‫תְִּק ַט‬
2mp ‫תִּגְְדּלוּ‬ ‫תִּכְבְּדוּ‬ ‫תְִּקטְנוּ‬
2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תִּגְ ַדּ‬ ‫ְַדנָה‬.‫תִּכְבּ‬ ‫נָּה‬.‫תְִּק ַט‬
1cp ‫נִגְַדּל‬ ‫נִכְבַּד‬ ‫נְִקטַן‬

Chapter 15d - Qal Imperfect: Strong
parsing
When asked to parse Qal Imperfect verbs, you will be

required to identify the verbal stem, conjugation,
person, gender, number and verbal root. When parsing,
give the required information in the proper order as
the following examples illustrate (translation is not a
required part of the parsing information).
‫יִשְׁמְעוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫שָׁמַע‬ they will hear
‫יִמְֹלְך‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫מָלְַך‬ he will reign

Chapter 15e - Qal Imperfect: Strong
negative particles ‫ ֹלא‬and ‫אַל‬
The Imperfect can be negated with ‫ֹלא‬. This

negative particle is always placed immediately
before the verb. It can simply negate the verb or
it may be used with the Imperfect for an absolute
or permanent prohibition.
‫ֹלא תְִּרצָח‬
you shall not kill (Ex 20:13)
‫ֹלא תִּנְאָף‬
you shall not commit adultery (Ex 20:14)
The Imperfact can also be negated with ‫( אַל‬with

Maqqef –‫)אַל‬. This negative particle is used with
the Imperfect to express an immediate, specific
and non-durative prohibition.
‫אַל–תִּיָרא‬
Do not fear! (Gen 15:1)
‫אַל–תִּשְׁמְעוּ אֶל–ִדּבְֵרי נְבִיאֵיכֶם‬

Do not listen to the words of your prophets! (Jer 27:14)

‫‪Chapter 14a - Qal Perfect: Weak‬‬
‫ע‪/‬ח‪I-Guttural, II-Guttural and III-‬‬
‫‪I-Guttural II-Guttural‬‬ ‫ע‪/‬ח‪III-‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫עָמַד‬ ‫בָּחַר‬ ‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫קָטַל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ע<מְָדה‬ ‫בּ<חֲָרה‬ ‫שׁ‪,‬מְעָה‬ ‫ק‪,‬טְלָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫עָמַ‪ְ.‬דתָּ‬ ‫בָּח‪ְַ.‬רתָּ‬ ‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עְתָּ‬ ‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫עָמְַדתְּ‬ ‫בָּחְַרתְּ‬ ‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עַתְּ‬ ‫קָטַלְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫עָמַ‪ְ.‬דתִּי‬ ‫בָּחַ‪ְ.‬רתִּי‬ ‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עְתִּי‬ ‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫ע<מְדוּ‬ ‫בּ<חֲרוּ‬ ‫שׁ‪,‬מְעוּ‬ ‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫עֲמְַדתֶּם‬ ‫בְּחְַרתֶּם‬ ‫שְׁמַעְתֶּם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫עֲמְַדתֶּן‬ ‫בְּחְַרתֶּן‬ ‫שְׁמַעְתֶּן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫עָמַ‪ְ.‬דנוּ‬ ‫בָּח‪ְַ.‬רנוּ‬ ‫שָׁמַ‪.‬עְנוּ‬ ‫קָטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬

Chapter 14b - Qal Perfect: Weak
III-‫א‬
III-‫א‬ Strong
3ms ‫מָצָא‬ ‫קָטַל‬

3fs ‫צְאָה‬,‫מ‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ָ‫את‬.ָ‫מָצ‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
2fs ‫מָצָאת‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫אתִי‬.ָ‫מָצ‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
3cp ‫צְאוּ‬,‫מ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫מְצ ָאתֶם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫מְצ ָאתֶן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫אנוּ‬.ָ‫מָצ‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬

Chapter 14c - Qal Perfect: Weak
III-‫ה‬
III-‫ה‬ Strong
3ms ‫בָּנ ָה‬ ‫קָטַל‬

3fs ‫בּ<נְ תָה‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ָ‫ית‬.ִ ‫בָּנ‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
2fs ‫בָּנ ִית‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫יתִי‬.ִ ‫בָּנ‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
3cp ‫בָּנוּ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫בְּנ ִיתֶם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫בְּנ ִיתֶן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫ינוּ‬.ִ ‫בָּנ‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬

Chapter 14d - Qal Perfect: Weak
doubly weak verbs
III-‫ה‬/ III-‫ה‬/ Strong

II-Gutt I-Gutt Verb
3ms ‫ָרא ָה‬ ‫עָלָה‬ ‫קָטַל‬

3fs ‫ָרא ֲתָה‬ ‫לְתָה‬,‫ע‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ָ‫ִית‬.‫ָרא‬ ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫עָל‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
2fs ‫ָראִית‬ ‫עָלִית‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫ִיתִי‬.‫ָרא‬ ‫יתִי‬.ִ‫עָל‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
3cp ‫ָראוּ‬ ‫עָלוּ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫ְראִיתֶם‬ ‫עֲלִיתֶם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫ְראִיתֶן‬ ‫עֲלִיתֶן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫ִינוּ‬.‫ָרא‬ ‫ינוּ‬.ִ‫עָל‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬

‫‪Chapter 14e - Qal Perfect: Weak‬‬
‫‪geminate verbs‬‬
‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫‪Strong‬‬

‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫‪Weak 1‬‬ ‫‪Weak 2‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫סָבַב‬ ‫אַָרר‬ ‫תַּם‬ ‫קָטַל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ס‪,‬בְבָה‬ ‫א‪ְ,‬רָרה‬ ‫תּ‪ּ ַ.‬מָה‬ ‫ק‪,‬טְלָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫סַבּ‪.‬וֹתָ‬ ‫אָר‪.‬וֹתָ‬ ‫תַּ ּמ‪.‬וֹתָ‬ ‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫סַבּוֹת‬ ‫אָרוֹת‬ ‫תַּמּוֹת‬ ‫קָטַלְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫סַבּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫אָר‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫תַּ ּמ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫קָטַ‪.‬לְתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫ס‪,‬בְבוּ‬ ‫א‪ְ,‬ררוּ‬ ‫ַתּ‪.‬מּוּ‬ ‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫סַבּוֹתֶם‬ ‫אָרוֹתֶם‬ ‫תַּמּוֹתֶם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫סַבּוֹתֶן‬ ‫אָרוֹתֶן‬ ‫תַּמּוֹתֶן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫סַבּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫אָר‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫תַּ ּמ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫קָטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬

Chapter 14f - Qal Perfect: Weak
biconsonantal verbs
Strong
Strong Strong Weak Verb
3ms ‫קָם‬ ‫שָׂם‬ ‫בָּא‬ ‫קָטַל‬

3fs ‫מָה‬.‫ָק‬ ‫מָה‬.ָ‫שׂ‬ ‫אָה‬.‫ָבּ‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ָ‫ַמְתּ‬.‫ק‬ ָ‫מְתּ‬.ַ‫שׂ‬ ָ‫ָאת‬.‫בּ‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
2fs ְ‫קַמְתּ‬ ְ‫שַׂמְתּ‬ ‫בָּאת‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫מְתִּי‬.‫ַק‬ ‫מְתִּי‬.‫שׂ‬
ַ ‫אתִי‬.ָ‫בּ‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
3cp ‫ָמוּ‬.‫ק‬ ‫מוּ‬.ָ‫שׂ‬ ‫אוּ‬.ָ‫בּ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫קַמְתֶּם‬ ‫שַׂמְתֶּם‬ ‫בָּאתֶם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫קַמְתֶּן‬ ‫שַׂמְתֶּן‬ ‫בָּאתֶן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫ַמְנוּ‬.‫ק‬ ‫מְנוּ‬.‫שׂ‬
ַ ‫אנוּ‬.ָ‫בּ‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬

Chapter 14g - Qal Perfect: Weak
advanced information: ‫ נָתַן‬and ‫הָיָה‬
‫נָתַן‬ ‫הָיָה‬ Strong

to give to be Verb
3ms ‫נָתַן‬ ‫הָיָה‬ ‫קָטַל‬

3fs ‫נ<תְנָה‬ ‫ה<יְתָה‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ‫ ָּת‬.ַ‫נָת‬ ָ‫הָי>ִית‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
2fs ‫ ְּת‬.ַ‫נָת‬ ‫הָ י ִית‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫ ּתִי‬.ַ‫נָת‬ ‫הָי>ִיתִי‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
3cp ‫נ<תְנוּ‬ ‫הָיוּ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫נְתַ ּתֶם‬ ‫הֱי ִיתֶם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫נְתַ ּתֶן‬ ‫הֱי ִיתֶן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫ַנ ּוּ‬.‫נָת‬ ‫הָי>ִינוּ‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬

Chapter 14h - Qal Perfect: Weak
advanced information: ‫ יֵָרא‬and ‫מוּת‬
‫יֵָרא‬ ‫מוּת‬ Strong

to be afraid to die Verb
3ms ‫יֵָרא‬ ‫מֵת‬ ‫קָטַל‬

3fs ‫י<ְראָה‬ ‫תָה‬.ֵ‫מ‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ָ‫את‬.‫יֵָר‬ ‫תָּה‬.ַ‫מ‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬
2fs ‫את‬.‫יֵָר‬ ְ‫מַתּ‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬
1cs ‫אתִי‬.‫יֵָר‬ ‫תִּי‬.ַ‫מ‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬
3cp ‫י<ְראוּ‬ ‫תוּ‬.ֵ‫מ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫יְֵראתֶם‬ ‫מַתֶּם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫יְֵראתֶן‬ ‫מַתֶּן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫אנוּ‬.‫יֵָר‬ ‫תְנוּ‬.ַ‫מ‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬

Chapter 13a - Qal Perfect: Strong
introduction
The Qal Stem

Qal verbs are active in voice with the simple or unnuanced type of
action. The simple action of the Qal stem is further divided into
transitive, intransitive and stative.
1. Transitive. Transitive verbs may take a direct object. In the example
“the prophet wrote the book,” the word “book” is the direct object of
the verb “wrote” because it receives the verbal action.
2. Intransitive. Intransitive verbs cannot take a direct object. In the
example “the king perished in the battle,” the verb “perished” cannot
take a direct object. Other examples of intransitive verbs include “to
live,” “to die” and “to fast.”
3. Stative. Stative verbs are used to describe a state of being. In the
example, “the priest is old,” the verbal construction “is old” describes
the state or condition of the subject (the priest). In English, a stative
(or state-of-being) idea is expressed with a form of the verb “to be”
(is) and an adjective (old). In Hebrew, a stative idea is expressed
through various verbs themselves, such as ‫( כָּבֵד‬to be heavy) and ‫קָטֹן‬
(to be small). Most stative verbs are considered to be intransitive
because they cannot take a direct object.
The Perfect Conjugation

The Perfect conjugation is used to express a completed action or state of
being. It must be emphasized that the Hebrew Perfect does not have
tense (time of action) apart from context and issues of syntax. Rather,
it signifies aspect (type of action). The Perfect aspect designates a
verbal action with its conclusion envisioned in the mind of the speaker
or writer. To state it differently, the Perfect aspect denotes completed
action, whether in the past, present or future.

Chapter 13b - Qal Perfect: Strong
qal perfect paradigm
Sufformative Perfect Translation
3ms ‫קָטַל‬ he killed
3fs ‫לָה‬ ‫טְלָה‬,‫ק‬ she killed
2ms ָ‫לתּ‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ you killed
2fs ְ‫לתּ‬ ְ‫קָטַלְתּ‬ you killed
1cs ‫לתִּי‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬ I killed
3cp ‫לוּ‬ ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ they killed
2mp ‫לתֶּם‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬ you killed
2fp ‫לתֶּן‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬ you killed
1cp ‫לנוּ‬ ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ we killed

‫‪Chapter 13c - Qal Perfect: Strong‬‬
‫‪other strong verbs‬‬
‫יָשַׁב‬ ‫זָכַר‬ ‫כָּתַב‬ ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫קָבַץ‬

‫‪to dwell‬‬ ‫‪to remember‬‬ ‫‪to write‬‬ ‫‪to keep‬‬ ‫‪to gather‬‬
‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יָשַׁב‬ ‫זָכַר‬ ‫כָּתַב‬ ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫קָבַץ‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫י<שְׁבָה‬ ‫ז<כְרָה‬ ‫כּ<תְבָה‬ ‫שׁ‪,‬מְרָה‬ ‫ק‪,‬בְצָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬בְתָּ‬
‫יָ ַ‬ ‫זָכַ‪ְ.‬רתָּ‬ ‫כָּתַ‪.‬בְתָּ‬ ‫שָׁמ‪ְַ .‬רתָּ‬ ‫קָבַ‪.‬צְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫יָשַׁבְתְּ‬ ‫זָכְַרתְּ‬ ‫כָּתַבְתְּ‬ ‫שָׁמְַרתְּ‬ ‫קָבַצְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬בְתִּי‬
‫יָ ַ‬ ‫זָכַ‪ְ.‬רתִּי‬ ‫כָּתַ‪.‬בְתִּי‬ ‫שָׁמ‪ְַ.‬רתִּי‬ ‫קָבַ‪.‬צְתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫י <שְׁבוּ‬ ‫ז<כְרוּ‬ ‫כּ<תְבוּ‬ ‫שׁ‪,‬מְרוּ‬ ‫ק ‪,‬בְצוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫יְשַׁ ְבתֶּם‬ ‫זְכְַרתֶּם‬ ‫כְּתַבְתֶּם‬ ‫שְׁמְַרתֶּם‬ ‫ְקבַצְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫יְשַׁ ְבתֶּן‬ ‫זְכְַרתֶּן‬ ‫כְּתַ ְבתֶּן‬ ‫שְׁמְַרתֶּן‬ ‫ְקבַצְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬בְנוּ‬
‫יָ ַ‬ ‫זָכ‪ְַ.‬רנוּ‬ ‫כָּתַ‪.‬בְנוּ‬ ‫שָׁמ‪ְַ.‬רנוּ‬ ‫קָבַ‪.‬צְנוּ‬

Chapter 13d - Qal Perfect: Strong
verbal roots ending in ‫ ת‬and ‫נ‬
When a verbal root ending in ‫ ת‬receives a sufformative
beginning with ‫ת‬, the two identical consonants become
one consonant with a Daghesh Forte (‫)תּ ➣ תת‬. Five of the
Perfect sufformatives begin with ‫ת‬.
ָ‫תְתּ‬.‫כַָּר‬ ➣ ‫ ָּת‬.‫כַָּר‬ 2ms you cut
ְ‫כַָּרתְתּ‬ ➣ ‫כַָּר ְּת‬ 2fs you cut
‫תְתִּי‬.‫כַָּר‬ ➣ ‫ ּתִי‬.‫כַָּר‬ 1cs I cut
‫כְַּרתְתֶּם‬ ➣ ‫כְַּר ּתֶם‬ 2mp you cut
‫כְַּרתְתֶּן‬ ➣ ‫כְַּר ּתֶן‬ 2fp you cut
When a verbal root ending in ‫ נ‬receives a Perfect

sufformative beginning with ‫נ‬, the two identical consonants
become one consonant with Daghesh Forte (‫)נּ ➣ ננ‬. The
only sufformative that begins with ‫ נ‬is the 1cp (‫)נוּ‬. The
final ‫ נ‬of a verbal root may also assimilate into suffirmatives
ending in ‫)תּ ➣ נת( ת‬.
‫ַנְנוּ‬.‫שָׁכ‬ ➣ ‫ַנ ּוּ‬.‫שָׁכ‬ 1cp we dwell
‫ַנְתִּי‬.‫נָת‬ ➣ ‫ַ ּתִי‬.‫נָת‬ 1cp we dwell

Chapter 13e - Qal Perfect: Strong
stative verbs
Stative verbs are classified by their stem vowel. The stem
vowel is the vowel that is associated with the second root consonant.
In transitive strong verb paradigms, the stem vowel is
Pathach as in ‫קָטַל‬, ‫ שָׁמַר‬and ‫זָכַר‬. With stative verbs, the
stem vowel is variable.
Pathach-Stative Tsere-Stative Holem-Stative
‫גָּדַל‬ to be great ‫ כָּב ֵד‬to be heavy ‫קָטֹן‬ to be small

‫חָכַם‬ to be wise ‫ זָקֵן‬to be old ‫יָכֹל‬ to be able
Pathach- Tsere- Holem-

Stative Stative Stative
3ms ‫גַָּדל‬ ‫כָּבֵד‬ ‫קָטֹן‬
3fs ‫גּ<ְדלָה‬ ‫כּ<בְדָה‬ ‫טְנָה‬,‫ק‬
2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.‫גַָּד‬ ָ‫ְדתּ‬.ַ‫כָּב‬ ָ‫נְתּ‬.ֹ‫קָט‬
2fs ְ‫גַָּדלְתּ‬ ְ‫כָּבְַדתּ‬ ְ‫קָטֹנְתּ‬
1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.‫גַָּד‬ ‫ְַדתִּי‬.‫כָּב‬ ‫ֹנְתִּי‬.‫קָט‬
3cp ‫גּ<ְדלוּ‬ ‫כּ<בְדוּ‬ ‫טְנוּ‬,‫ק‬
2mp ‫גְַּדלְתֶּם‬ ‫כְּבְַדתֶּם‬ ‫ְקטָנְתֶּם‬
2fp ‫גְַּדלְתֶּן‬ ‫כְּבְַדתֶּן‬ ‫ְקטָנְתֶּן‬
1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.‫גַָּד‬ ‫ְַדנוּ‬.‫כָּב‬ ‫ֹנּוּ‬.‫קָט‬

Chapter 13f - Qal Perfect: Strong
parsing
The parsing of Perfect verbs involves the identification

of the verbal stem, conjugation, person, gender, number
and verbal root. When parsing, give the appropriate
information in the proper order as the following
examples illustrate (translation is not a required part
of parsing information).
‫ְרתִּי‬.ַ‫זָכ‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫זָכַר‬ I remembered
ְ‫ְַרתּ‬.‫שָׁמ‬ Qal Perfect 2fs ‫שָׁמַר‬ you observed

Chapter 13g - Qal Perfect: Strong
the negative particle ‫ֹלא‬
Perfect (and Imperfect) verbs are negated with the

particle ‫ֹלא‬, usually translated “not.” It may also be
spelled ‫לוֹא‬. The negative particle is always placed
immediately before the verb.
‫ֹלא שְׁמְַרתֶּם אֶת–הַתּוֹרוֹת‬

You did not observe the laws.
‫ְרתָּ אֶת–הַבְִּרית‬.ַ‫ֹלא זָכ‬

You did not remember the covenant.

Chapter 13h - Qal Perfect: Strong
the particle ‫הִנֵּה‬
The word ‫הִנֵּה‬
(also as ‫הֵן‬ ‫הֶן‬
and – ) is commonly translated “behold.”
It can stand alone or take Type 1 pronominal suffixes.
1cs ‫הִנְנִי‬/‫הִנֵּ>נִי‬ 1cp ‫הִנְנוּ‬/‫הִנֶּ>נּוּ‬

2ms ‫הִנְָּך‬ 2mp ‫הִנְּכֶם‬
2fs ‫הִנְָּך‬ 2fp
3ms ‫הִנּוֹ‬ 3mp ‫הִנָּם‬
1. The particle ‫ הִנֵּה‬may be used to add emphasis.

‫וַיְַּרא אֱֹלהִים אֶת–כָּל–אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה ְוהִנֵּה–טוֹב מְאֹד‬
And God saw all that he had made, and
behold, (it was) very good (Gen 1:31).
2. The particle ‫הִנֵּה‬

may be used to indicate the immediate presence of
someone or something.
‫וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִי עִמְָּך‬

And behold, I am with you (Gen 28:15).
3. The particle ‫הִנֵּה‬

may be used to introduce a fact or situation upon
which a subsequent statement is based.
‫וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל אֶל–כָּל–יִשְָׂראֵל הִנֵּה שָׁמַעְתִּי בְֹקלְכֶם‬

‫לְכֹל אֲשֶׁר–אֲמְַרתֶּם לִי וָאַמְלִיְך עֲלֵיכֶם מֶלְֶך‬
And Samuel said to all of Israel, “Behold, I have
listened to all that you have said to me and (therefore)
I have caused a king to reign over you” (1 Sam 12:1).

Chapter 12a - Intro to Verbs
verbal stems: names
English Hebrew Spelling

Spelling Spelling Diagnostics
Qal ➣ ‫ַקל‬ unaugmented
Niphal ➣ ‫ נִ נִפְעַל‬prefix; Pathach stem vowel

Piel ➣ ‫פִּעֵל‬ Hireq-Tsere vowel pattern
Pual ➣ ‫פֻּעַל‬ Qibbuts-Pathach vowel pattern
Hiphil ➣ ‫ הִ הִפְעִיל‬prefix; Hireq Yod stem vowel

Hophal ➣ ‫ הָ הָפְעַל‬prefix; Pathach stem vowel
Hithpael ➣ ‫ הִת הִתְפַּעֵל‬prefix; Tsere stem vowel

Chapter 12b - Intro to Verbs
verbal stems: meaning
Qal Simple/Active. Qal verbs are active in voice, though a few
passive forms do exist. The Qal stem also exhibits the
simple or unnuanced type of action.
Niphal Simple/Passive or Reflexive. The Niphal stem is used to

express simple action with either a passive or reflexive
voice. In other words, whatever a verb means in the Qal
stem, it becomes passive or reflexive in the Niphal stem.
Piel Intensive/Active. The Piel stem is sometimes used to

express an intensive type of action with an active voice. In
other words, the simple action of the Qal stem will take
on some type of intensive nuance in the Piel stem.
Pual Intensive/Passive. The Pual is the passive form of the

Piel. The Pual stem, therefore, is used to express an
intensive type of action with a passive voice.
Hiphil Causative/Active. The Hiphil stem is used to express

causative action with an active voice. For example, the verb
‫ מָלְַך‬means “he was king” or “he reigned” in the Qal stem.
The Hiphil form, however, is ‫ הִמְלִיְך‬and means “he caused
to reign” or “he made (someone) king.”
Hophal Causative/Passive. The Hophal is the passive form of the

Hiphil. The Hophal stem, therefore, is used to express
causative action with a passive voice. For example, the
Hiphil verb ‫ הִמְלִיְך‬means “he made (someone) king.” The
Hophal form is ‫ הָמְלְַך‬and it is translated “he was made
king.”
Hithpael Intensive/Reflexive. The Hithpael stem is used to express

an intensive type of action with a reflexive (or sometimes
passive) voice. For example, the verb ‫ חָבָא‬means “he hid”
in the Qal stem. The Hithpael form is ‫ הִתְחַבֵּא‬and it means
“he hid himself.”

Chapter 12c - Intro to Verbs
summary: stem meaning and translation
Simple Intensive Causative

Action Action Action
Active Voice Qal Piel Hiphil
Passive Voice Niphal Pual Hophal
Reflexive Voice Niphal Hithpael
Form Translation
Qal ‫שָׁמַע‬ he heard

Niphal ‫נִשְׁמַע‬ he was heard
Piel ‫שִׁבֵּר‬ he smashed into pieces
Pual ‫שֻׁבַּר‬ he was smashed into pieces
Hiphil ‫הִמְלִיְך‬ he made king
Hophal ‫הָמְלְַך‬ he was made king
Hithpael ‫הִתְחַבֵּא‬ he hid himself

Chapter 12d - Intro to Verbs
verbal conjugations
Perfect Completed Action. The Perfect aspect denotes completed
action, whether in the past, present or future.
Imperfect Incomplete Action. The Imperfect aspect denotes

incomplete action, whether in the past, present or future.
Imperative 2nd Person Command. The Imperative conjugation is

used primarily to express direct commands, demanding
immediate action from the one being addressed.
Cohortative 1st Person Volitional. The Cohortative is used to express

a wish, request or command. It may also be used to
express purpose (in order to) or result (resulting in).
Jussive 3rd Person Volitional. The Jussive conjugation is also

used to express some type of mild command or strong
wish.
Infinitive Verbal Noun. The Infinitive Construct can function much

Construct like an English Infinitive, usually translated with the
preposition “to” plus a verb as in “to study” or “to learn.”
Infinitive Verbal Noun. The Hebrew Infinitive Absolute has no real

Absolute English counterpart. It may be used in conjunction with
other verbs to emphasize or intensify the verbal action. It
may also be used in the place of an Imperative to express
a command.
Participle Verbal Adjective. Verbally, the Participle expresses some

type of verbal action such as “studying” or “learning.”
Adjectivally, it is used much like a Hebrew adjective:
attributively, predicatively or substantively.

Chapter 12e - Intro to Verbs
roots, stems & conjugations
Root
‫קטל‬
Qal Stem
‫קָטַל‬
Derived Stems
Niphal Piel Pual Hiphil Hophal Hithpael

‫הִתְַקטֵּל הְָקטַל הְִקטִיל ֻקטַּל ִקטֵּל נְִקטַל‬
Verbal Conjugations
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Cohortative
Jussive
Inf Construct
Inf Absolute
Participle

Chapter 12f - Intro to Verbs
weak verb classification
Class Example Description
I-Guttural ‫ָעמַד‬ guttural in first root position
II-Guttural ‫גָּאַל‬ guttural in second root position
III-‫ח‬/‫ע‬ ‫בַָּרח‬ ‫ ח‬or ‫ ע‬in third root position

III-‫א‬ ‫מָצָא‬ ‫ א‬in third root position
III-‫ה‬ ‫בָּנָה‬ ‫ ה‬in third root position
I-‫י‬ ‫ָישַׁב‬ ‫ י‬in first root position
I-‫נ‬ ‫ָנפַל‬ ‫ נ‬in first root position
Doubly Weak ‫עָלָה‬ ‫ה‬
I-Guttural and III- (for one example)
Biconsonantal ‫קָם‬ only two root consonants
Geminate ‫סָבַב‬ identical second and third consonants

Chapter 12g - Intro to Verbs
verbal sentence word order
Normal word order for a verbal sentence is

verb-subject-object.
object object subject verb

‫בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאֶָרץ‬
God created the heavens and the earth.
Gen 1:1
It is not uncommon for the direct object to stand

at the beginning of a Hebrew sentence
for the purpose of emphasis.
verb object
‫אֶת–יְהוָה אֱֹלהֶיָך תִּיָרא‬
Yahweh your God you shall fear.
Deut 10:20

Chapter 11a - Numbers
cardinals:1-10
Masculine Feminine
Absolute Construct Absolute Construct
One ‫אֶחָד‬ ‫אַחַד‬ ‫אַחַת‬ ‫אַחַת‬

Two ‫שְׁנַ>יִם‬ ‫יִם שְׁנֵי‬.‫שְׁ ַתּ‬ ‫שְׁתֵּי‬
Three ‫שָׁל ֹשׁ‬ ‫ ֹשֶׁת שְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁל ֹשׁ‬.‫שְׁל‬
Four ‫אְַרבַּע‬ ‫עַת אְַרבָּעָה אְַרבַּע‬.ַ‫אְַרבּ‬
Five ‫חָמֵשׁ‬ ‫שֶׁת חֲמִשָּׁה חֲמֵשׁ‬.ֵ‫חֲמ‬
Six ‫שֵׁשׁ‬ ‫שׁשָּׁה שֵׁשׁ‬ ִ ‫שֵׁשֶׁת‬.
Seven ‫בַע‬.ֶ‫שׁ‬ ‫שׁבְעַת שִׁבְעָה שְׁבַע‬ ִ
Eight ‫שְׁמֹנֶה‬ ‫שׁמֹנָה שְׁמֹנֵה‬ ְ ‫שְׁמֹנַת‬
Nine ‫שַׁע‬.ֵ‫תּ‬ ‫ִתּשְׁעָה תְּשַׁע‬ ‫ִתּשְׁעַת‬
Ten ‫שֶׂר‬.ֶ‫ע‬ ‫שֶׂר‬.ֶ‫ֲעשָָׂרה ע‬ ‫ֶרת‬.ֶ‫ֲעשׂ‬

Chapter 11b - Numbers
cardinals:11-19
With Masculine With Feminine

Nouns Nouns
Eleven ‫אַחַד עָשָׂר‬ ‫אַחַת עֶשְֵׂרה‬

‫עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר‬ ‫עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Twelve ‫שְׁנֵי עָשָׂר‬ ‫שְׁתֵּי עֶשְֵׂרה‬
‫שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר‬ ‫שְׁתֵּים עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Thirteen ‫שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר‬ ‫שְׁל ֹשׁ עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Fourteen ‫אְַרבָּעָה עָשָׂר‬ ‫אְַרבַּע עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Fifteen ‫חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר‬ ‫חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Sixteen ‫שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר‬ ‫שֵׁשׁ עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Seventeen ‫שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר‬ ‫שְׁבַע עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Eighteen ‫שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר‬ ‫שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְֵׂרה‬
Nineteen ‫תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר‬ ‫תְּשַׁע עֶשְֵׂרה‬
‫שְׁל ֹשׁ עֶשְֵׂרה שָׁנָה‬ thirteen years (1 Kgs 7:1)
‫אְַרבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם‬ fourteen days (Ex 12:6)
‫חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר שֶָׁקל‬ fifteen shekels (Lev 27:7)

Chapter 11c - Numbers
cardinals:20-99
Twenty ‫עֶשְִׂרים‬
Thirty ‫שְׁל ֹשִׁים‬
Forty ‫אְַרבָּעִים‬
Fifty ‫חֲמִשִּׁים‬
Sixty ‫שִׁשִּׁים‬
Seventy ‫שִׁבְעִים‬
Eighty ‫שְׁמֹנִים‬
Ninety ‫תִּשְׁעִים‬
‫עֶשְִׂרים וְאַחַת‬ twenty-one (2 Kgs 24:18)
‫שִׁבְעִים וְשִׁבְעָה‬ seventy-seven (Gen 4:24)
‫תִּשְׁעִים וָתֵשַׁע‬ ninety-nine (Gen 17:24)
‫שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁל ֹשִׁים‬ thirty-two (Num 31:40)

Chapter 11d - Numbers
cardinals:100+
One Hundred ‫מֵאָה‬

Two Hundred ‫יִם‬.ַ‫מָאת‬
Three Hundred ‫שְׁל ֹשׁ מֵאוֹת‬
One Thousand ‫לֶף‬.‫ֶא‬
Two Thousand ‫יִם‬.ַ‫אַלְפּ‬
Three Thousand ‫שְׁל ֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים‬
Ten Thousand ‫ְרבָבָה‬
Twenty Thousand ‫יִם‬.‫ִרבּוֹ ַת‬
Thirty Thousand ‫שְׁל ֹשׁ ִרבּוֹת‬

Chapter 11e - Numbers
ordinal numbers
Masculine Feminine
First ‫ִראשׁוֹן‬ ‫ִראשׁוֹנָה‬

Second ‫שֵׁנִי‬ ‫שֵׁנִית‬
Third ‫שְׁלִישִׁי‬ ‫שְׁלִישִׁית‬
Fourth ‫ְרבִיעִי‬ ‫ְרבִיעִית‬
Fifth ‫חֲמִישִׁי‬ ‫חֲמִישִׁית‬
Sixth ‫שִׁשִּׁי‬ ‫שִׁשִּׁית‬
Seventh ‫שְׁבִיעִי‬ ‫שְׁבִיעִית‬
Eighth ‫שְׁמִינִי‬ ‫שְׁמִינִית‬
Ninth ‫תְּשִׁיעִי‬ ‫תְּשִׁיעִית‬
Tenth ‫עֲשִׂיִרי‬ ‫עֲשִׂיִרית‬
‫בַּיּוֹם הִָראשׁוֹן‬ on the first day (Lev 23:7)

‫בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי‬ on the seventh day (Gen 2:2)
‫בִּשְׁנַת הָאְַרבָּעִים‬ in the fortieth year (1 Chr 26:31)

Chapter 10a - Construct Chain
construct and absolute
The first of the two nouns in the construct chain

is called the construct noun and is said to be in the
construct state. The second of the two nouns is
called the absolute noun and is said to be in the
absolute state. The absolute form of a noun is also
its lexical form.
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫בֶד הַמּ‬.ֶ‫ע‬
Absolute Noun Construct Noun
“the servant of the king”

Chapter 10b - Construct Chain
with attributive adjectives
When an adjective modifies either the construct or

absolute noun, it must follow the entire chain. It must
agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number and
definiteness.
‫ֶָרץ הַטּוֹב‬.‫לְֶך הָא‬.ֶ‫מ‬

the good king of the land
‫ֶָרץ הַטּוֹבָה‬.‫לְֶך הָא‬.ֶ‫מ‬

the king of the good land
‫ֶלְֶך הַטּוֹב‬.‫ְדּבַר הַמּ‬

the word of the good king

Chapter 10c - Construct Chain
with demonstrative adjectives
Just like attributive adjectives,

demonstrative adjectives must also
follow the construct chain.
‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הָא‬

these words of the prophet
‫ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַזֶּה‬

the words of this prophet
‫ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַטּוֹב הַזֶּה‬

the words of this good prophet
‫ְדּבַר הַנָּבִיא הַזֶּה‬

the word of this prophet or
this word of the prophet

Chapter 10d - Construct Chain
vowel reduction (spelling)
A construct noun surrenders its
primary accent and …
a. Qamets (and sometimes Tsere) changes to Pathach

in a final closed syllable.
‫ מִשְׁפָּט‬judgement ➣ ‫ מִשְׁפַּט‬judgement of
ַ‫ מִזְבֵּח‬altar ➣ ‫ מִזְבַּח‬altar of
b. Qamets or Tsere changes to Vocal Shewa in an open,
unaccented syllable.
‫שָׁלוֹם‬ peace ➣ ‫שְׁלוֹם‬ peace of
‫מָקוֹם‬ place ➣ ‫מְקוֹם‬ place of
c. Both rules a and b may apply to the formation of a

noun in the construct state.
‫דָּבָר‬ word ➣ ‫דְּבַר‬ word of
‫לֵבָב‬ heart ➣ ‫לְבַב‬ heart of
d. Monosyllabic nouns with changeable long vowels

reduce to the corresponding short vowel.
‫ בֵּן‬son ➣ ‫ בֶּן‬son of
‫ כֹּל‬all ➣ ‫ כָּל‬all of

Chapter 10e - Construct Chain
masculine plural and dual
The masculine plural ‫ בִים‬and dual ‫יִם‬.ַ‫ ב‬endings

change to ‫( בֵי‬Tsere-Yod) in the construct state and
then the rules of vowel reduction apply.
‫ אֱֹלהִים‬God ➣ ‫ אֱֹלהֵי‬God of
‫ בָּנִים‬sons ➣ ‫ בְּנ ֵי‬sons of
‫ עֵינַ>יִם‬two eyes ➣ ‫( עֵינ ֵי‬two) eyes of
‫ דְּבִָרים‬words ➣ ‫ ד ּ ִבְרֵי‬words of
In the last example, both propretonic reduction

and Rule of Shewa apply.
‫דִּבְֵרי ➣ דְּבְֵרי‬

Chapter 10f - Construct Chain
feminine singular
Feminine singular nouns ending in ‫ בָה‬change

this ending to ‫ בַת‬in the construct state and
then the rules of vowel reduction apply.
‫ תּוָֹרה‬law ➣ ‫ תּוֹ ַרת‬law of
‫ מַלְכָּה‬queen ➣ ‫ מַלְכַּת‬queen of
‫ שָׁנָה‬year ➣ ‫ שְׁנ ַת‬year of

Chapter 10g - Construct Chain
feminine plural
Feminine plural nouns ending in ‫ וֹת‬retain this plural

ending and then the rules of vowel
reduction will apply.
‫ מַמְלָכוֹת‬kingdoms ➣ ‫ מַמְלְכוֹת‬kingdoms of
‫ שֵׁמוֹת‬names ➣ ‫ שְׁמוֹת‬names of
‫ שָׂדוֹת‬fields ➣ ‫ שְׂדוֹת‬fields of
‫ בְָּרכוֹת‬blessings ➣ ‫ בְִּרכוֹת‬blessings of
In the last example, both propretonic reduction

and Rule of Shewa apply.
‫בְִּרכוֹת ➣ בְְּרכוֹת‬

Chapter 10h - Construct Chain
miscellaneous nouns (a)
Certain singular monosyllabic nouns add Hireq Yod

to their stem in the construct state. Do not to confuse
this Hireq Yod with the 1cs pronominal
suffix (‫“ אָבִי‬my father”).
‫ אָב‬father ➣ ‫ אֲבִי‬father of
‫ אָח‬brother ➣ ‫ אֲחִי‬brother of
The diphthong ִ‫י‬.‫ב‬

ַ as in ‫יִת‬.ַ‫( בּ‬house) changes to
Tsere Yod in the construct state.
‫יִת‬.‫ ַבּ‬house ➣ ‫ בֵּית‬house of

‫יִן‬.ַ‫ ע‬spring ➣ ‫ עֵין‬spring of

Chapter 10i - Construct Chain
miscellaneous nouns (b)
The singular absolute of Segholate nouns is identical

to its singular construct form. The plural construct
form follows the pattern of ‫( מַלְכֵי‬kings of).
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫ מ‬king ➣ ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫ מ‬king of

‫בֶד‬.ֶ‫ ע‬servant ➣ ‫בֶד‬.ֶ‫ ע‬servant of
‫ מְלָכִים‬kings ➣ ‫ מַלְכֵי‬kings of
‫ עֲבִָדים‬servants ➣ ‫ עַבְֵדי‬servants of
Nouns ending in ‫( ֶה‬with Seghol) have a singular
construct form ending in ‫( ֵה‬with Tsere).
‫ שֶָׂדה‬field ➣ ‫ שְׂדֵה‬field of
‫ מַחֲנֶה‬camp ➣ ‫ מַחֲנ ֵה‬camp of

Chapter 9a - Pronominal Suffixes
grammar summary
• Pronominal suffixes are pronouns that can be either

possessive (his, her, our) or objective (him, her, us).
• These possessive and objective pronouns appear as

suffixes on nouns, prepositions and the definite direct
object marker.
• When appearing on nouns, they are possessive as in

“his book” or “her wisdom.” When appearing on
prepositions or the definite direct object marker, they
are objective as in “to them,” “for them,” or “them.”
• All pronominal suffixes have person, gender and

number.
• There are two sets of pronominal suffixes: Type 1 and

Type 2. Both types have the same possessive and
objective translation values.
• With few exceptions, Type 1 suffixes occur with

singular nouns and Type 2 suffixes occur with plural
nouns.

Chapter 9b - Pronominal Suffixes
summary paradigm
Type 1 Type 1 Type 2 Translation

Suffixes Alternate Suffixes
1cs ‫ִי‬ ‫נִי‬ ‫ַי‬ my/me

2ms ‫ָך‬ ‫יָך‬.ֶ your/you
2fs ‫ְך‬ ‫יְִך‬.ַ your/you
3ms ‫וֹ‬ ‫הוּ‬ ‫ָיו‬ his/him
3fs ‫בָהּ‬ ָ‫ה‬ ָ‫יה‬.ֶ her/her
1cp ‫נוּ‬ ‫ֵינוּ‬. our/us

2mp ‫כֶם‬ ‫ֵיכֶם‬ your/you
2fp ‫כֶן‬ ‫ֵיכֶן‬ your/you
3mp ‫הֶם‬ ‫בָם‬ ‫ֵיהֶם‬ their/them
3fp ‫הֶן‬ ‫בָן‬ ‫ֵיהֶן‬ their/them

Chapter 9c - Pronominal Suffixes
on masculine nouns
Type 1 Suffixes Type 2 Suffixes

Noun ms Noun mp
1cs ‫סוּסִי‬ my horse ‫סוּסַי‬ my horses

2ms ‫סוּסְָך‬ your horse ‫ֶיָך‬.‫סוּס‬ your horses
2fs ‫סוּסְֵך‬ your horse ‫יְִך‬.‫סוּ ַס‬ your horses
3ms ‫סוּסוֹ‬ his horse ‫סוּסָיו‬ his horses
3fs ‫סוּסָהּ‬ her horse ָ‫ֶיה‬.‫סוּס‬ her horses
1cp ‫ֵנוּ‬.‫סוּס‬ our horse ‫ֵינוּ‬.‫סוּס‬ our horses

2mp ‫סוּסְכֶם‬ your horse ‫סוּסֵיכֶם‬ your horses
2fp ‫סוּסְכֶן‬ your horse ‫סוּסֵיכֶן‬ your horses
3mp ‫סוּסָם‬ their horse ‫סוּסֵיהֶם‬ their horses
3fp ‫סוּסָן‬ their horse ‫סוּסֵיהֶן‬ their horses
Note: When pronominal suffixes are added to masculine

plural nouns, the masculine plural ending (‫ )זִים‬is
dropped. With the absence of this ending, a masculine
noun is recognizable as plural only by the use of Type 2
pronominal suffixes.

Chapter 9d - Pronominal Suffixes
on feminine nouns

Noun fs Noun fp
1cs ‫תּוָֹרתִי‬ my law ‫תּוֹרוֹתַי‬ my laws

2ms ‫תְָך‬,‫תּוֹר‬ your law ‫יָך‬.ֶ‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ your laws
2fs ‫תּוָֹרתְֵך‬ your law ‫יְִך‬.‫תּוֹרוֹ ַת‬ your laws
3ms ‫תּוָֹרתוֹ‬ his law ‫תּוֹרוֹתָיו‬ his laws
3fs ‫תּוָֹרתָהּ‬ her law ָ‫ֶיה‬.‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ her laws
1cp ‫ֵנוּ‬.‫תּוָֹרת‬ our law ‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ our laws

2mp ‫תּוַֹרתְכֶם‬ your law ‫תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶם‬ your laws
2fp ‫תּוַֹרתְכֶן‬ your law ‫תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶן‬ your laws
3mp ‫תּוָֹרתָם‬ their law ‫תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶם‬ their laws
3fp ‫תּוָֹרתָן‬ their law ‫תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן‬ their laws
Note: When a feminine singular noun ending in ‫(בָה‬as

in ‫ )תּוָֹרה‬receives a pronominal suffix, the ‫ ה‬is replaced
by ‫ תּוָֹרה( ת‬becomes ‫) תּוָֹרת‬.

Chapter 9e - Pronominal Suffixes
on monosyllabic nouns

Noun ms Noun mp
1cs ‫אָחִי‬ my brother ‫אַחַי‬ my brothers

2ms ‫ִיָך‬.‫אָח‬ your brother ‫ֶיָך‬.‫אַח‬ your brothers
2fs ‫ִיְך‬.‫אָח‬ your brother ‫יְִך‬.‫אַ ַח‬ your brothers
3ms ‫אָחִיו‬ his brother ‫אֶחָיו‬ his brothers
3fs ָ‫ִיה‬.‫אָח‬ her brother ָ‫יה‬.ֶ‫אַח‬ her brothers
1cp ‫ִינוּ‬.‫אָח‬ our brother ‫ֵינוּ‬.‫אַח‬ our brothers

2mp ‫אֲחִיכֶם‬ your brother ‫אֲחֵיכֶם‬ your brothers
2fp ‫אֲחִיכֶן‬ your brother ‫אֲחֵיכֶן‬ your brothers
3mp ‫אֲחִיהֶם‬ their brother ‫אֲחֵיהֶם‬ their brothers
3fp ‫אֲחִיהֶן‬ their brother ‫אֲחֵיהֶן‬ their brothers
Note: Certain singular monosyllabic nouns add ‫ י‬to

their stem before a pronominal suffix. The addition of
this ‫ י‬to singular nouns with Type 1 suffixes may cause
them to be confused with plural nouns having Type 2
suffixes. The singular noun paradigm has Hireq Yod
(‫ִיָך‬.‫אָח‬, your brother). The plural noun paradigm varies
its vowel but it is never Hireq Yod (‫ֶיָך‬.‫אַח‬, your brothers).

Chapter 9f - Pronominal Suffixes
on prepositions
1cs ‫לִי‬ to me ‫עָלַי‬ on me

2ms ‫לְָך‬ to you ‫ֶיָך‬.‫עָל‬ on you
2fs ‫לְָך‬ to you ‫יְִך‬.‫עָ ַל‬ on you
3ms ‫לוֹ‬ to him ‫עָלָיו‬ on him
3fs ‫לָהּ‬ to her ָ‫יה‬.ֶ‫עָל‬ on her
1cp ‫ָנוּ‬.‫ל‬ to us ‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫עָל‬ on us

2mp ‫לָכֶם‬ to you ‫עֲלֵיכֶם‬ on you
2fp ‫לָכֶן‬ to you ‫עֲלֵיכֶן‬ on you
3mp ‫לָהֶם‬ to them ‫עֲלֵיהֶם‬ on them
3fp ‫לָהֶן‬ to them ‫עֲלֵיהֶן‬ on them
Note: The prepositions ְ‫( ל‬to, for), ְ‫( בּ‬in, on), ‫( עִם‬with)
and ‫( אֵת‬with) all take Type 1 suffixes. Prepositions that
take Type 2 suffixes include: ‫( עַל‬on, upon), ‫( אֶל‬to, for),
‫חַת‬.‫( ַתּ‬under) and ‫( אַחֲֵרי‬after).

Chapter 9g - Pronominal Suffixes
on ְ‫ כּ‬and ‫מִן‬
ְ‫כּ‬ ‫מִן‬
1cs ‫וֹנִי‬.‫כָּמ‬ like me ‫נִּי‬.‫מִ ֶמּ‬ from me
2ms ‫וָֹך‬.‫כָּמ‬ like you ‫מִמְָּך‬ from you
2fs ‫כָּמוְֹך‬ like you ‫מִמְֵּך‬ from you
3ms ‫וֹהוּ‬.‫כָּמ‬ like him ‫ֶנּוּ‬.‫מִמּ‬ from him
3fs ָ‫וֹה‬.‫כָּמ‬ like her ‫נָּה‬.ֶ‫מִמּ‬ from her
1cp ‫וֹנוּ‬.‫כָּמ‬ like us ‫נּוּ‬.ֶ‫מִמּ‬ from us

2mp ‫כָּכֶם‬ like you ‫מִכֶּם‬ from you
2fp ‫כָּכֶן‬ like you ‫מִכֶּן‬ from you
3mp ‫כָּהֶם‬ like them ‫מֵהֶם‬ from them
3fp ‫כָּהֶן‬ like them ‫מֵהֶן‬ from them
Note: With the preposition ְ‫ כּ‬, forms with singular and

1cp suffixes exhibit a longer, alternate spelling of the
preposition (‫וֹ‬.‫)כָּמ‬. With the preposition ‫מִן‬, forms with
singular and 1cp suffixes also exhibit a longer, alternate
spelling of the preposition.

Chapter 9h - Pronominal Suffixes
on –‫אֶת‬/‫אֵת‬
Object Market Preposition
1cs ‫אֹתִי‬ me ‫אִתִּי‬ with me

2ms ‫אֹתְָך‬ you ‫אִתְָּך‬ with you
2fs ‫אֹתְָך‬ you ‫אִתְָּך‬ with you
3ms ‫אֹתוֹ‬ him ‫אִתּוֹ‬ with him
3fs ‫אֹתָהּ‬ her ‫אִתָּהּ‬ with her
1cp ‫ָנוּ‬.‫אֹת‬ us ‫ָנוּ‬.‫אִתּ‬ with us

2mp ‫אֶתְכֶם‬ you ‫אִתְּכֶם‬ with you
2fp ‫אֶתְכֶן‬ you ‫אִתְּכֶן‬ with you
3mp ‫אֹתָם‬ them ‫אִתָּם‬ with them
3fp ‫אֹתָן‬ them ‫אִתָּן‬ with them
Note: The object marker is distinguished by a Holem

vowel over the initial consonant (‫) אֹתִי‬. It is Seghol in the
2mp and 2fp forms (‫)אֶתְכֶם‬. The preposition is distin-
guished by Hireq under the initial consonant and Daghesh
Forte in the ‫) אִתִּי( ת‬.

Chapter 9i - Pronominal Suffixes
on ‫ עִם‬and ‫עַם‬
‫עִם‬ ‫עַם‬
1cs ‫עִמִּי‬ with me ‫עַמִּי‬ my people
2ms ‫עִמְָּך‬ with you ‫עַמְָּך‬ your people
2fs ‫עִמְָּך‬ with you ‫עַמְֵּך‬ your people
3ms ‫עִמּוֹ‬ with him ‫עַמּוֹ‬ his people
3fs ‫עִמָּהּ‬ with her ‫עַמָּהּ‬ her people
1cp ‫נוּ‬.ָ‫עִמּ‬ with us ‫ֵנוּ‬.‫עַמּ‬ our people

2mp ‫עִמָּכֶם‬ with you ‫עַמְּכֶם‬ your people
2fp ‫עִמָּכֶן‬ with you ‫עַמְּכֶן‬ your people
3mp ‫עִמָּם‬ with them ‫עַמָּם‬ their people
3fp ‫עִמָּן‬ with them ‫עַמָּן‬ their people
Note: The preposition has Hireq (‫עִמִּי‬, with me) and

the noun has Pathach (‫עַמִּי‬, my people). Both words take
a Daghesh Forte in the ‫ מ‬when pronominal suffixes are
added.

Chapter 8a - Hebrew Pronouns
independent personal pronouns
Singular Plural
1 com ‫אָנֹכִי‬, ‫אֲנִי‬ I ‫אֲנ> ַחְנוּ‬ we
2 masc ‫אַתָּה‬ you ‫אַתֶּם‬ you
2 fem ְ‫אַתּ‬ you ‫נָה‬.ֵ‫אַתּ‬ you
3 masc ‫הוּא‬ he/it ‫מָּה‬.ֵ‫ה‬, ‫הֵם‬ they
3 fem ‫הִוא‬, ‫הִיא‬ she/it ‫נָּה‬.ֵ‫ה‬, ‫הֵן‬ they
Notes
1. The independent personal pronoun is labelled
independent because it stands alone and is not
prefixed or suffixed to another word.
2. Independent personal pronouns are subjective,
meaning they are used as the subject of a verb, never
as the object of the verb.
3. Independent personal pronouns may also appear as
the subject of a verbless clause. For this reason, they
are sometimes called subject pronouns.

Chapter 8b - Hebrew Pronouns
independent personal pronouns
The following examples illustrate how independent

personal pronouns are used with other nouns or adjectives
in a predicative relationship. The pronoun may precede
or follow the noun or adjective. A form of the verb “to be”
is required in translation.
‫אֲנִי יְהוָה‬ I am Yahweh (the Lord).
‫הוּא נָבִיא צִַדּיק‬ He is a righteous prophet.
‫לְֶך טוֹב‬.ֶ‫אַתָּה מ‬ You (2ms) are a good king.
‫אַחִים אֲנַ>חְנוּ‬ We are brothers
‫הִיא אִשָּׁה חֲכָמָה‬ She is a wise woman.
‫אַתֶּם בָּעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה‬ You (2mp) are in the great city.

Chapter 8c - Hebrew Pronouns
demonstratives
Singular Plural
Masc ‫זֶה‬ this ‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫א‬ these
Fem ‫זֹאת‬ this ‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫א‬ these
Masc ‫הוּא‬ that ‫מָּה‬.ֵ‫ה‬, ‫הֵם‬ those
Fem ‫הִיא‬ that ‫נָּה‬.ֵ‫ה‬, ‫הֵן‬ those
Notes
1. They may be used either as adjectives (this man,
those women) or as pronouns (this is the man, those
are the women).
2. The masculine and feminine singular forms, ‫ הוּא‬and
‫הִיא‬, are identical to the third person masculine and
feminine independent personal pronouns.
3. The demonstrative ‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫( א‬these) is both masculine and
feminine plural. Remember that the designation for
this phenomenon is “common,” meaning not inflected
for gender.

Chapter 8d - Hebrew Pronouns
demonstratives
Hebrew demonstratives may be used

either as adjectives or as pronouns.
Demonstrative Adjectives
follow the noun it modifies and agree in gender, number and definiteness.
‫הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה‬ this man
‫הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת‬ this woman
‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫הָאֲנָשִׁים הַטּוֹבִים הָא‬ these good men
‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫הַנָּשִׁים הַטּוֹבוֹת הָא‬ these good women
Demonstrative Pronouns
precede the noun and agree in gender and number but not definiteness.
‫הוּא הָאִישׁ‬ That is the man.
‫הִיא הָאִשָּׁה‬ That is the woman.
‫לֶּה הָאֲנָשִׁים הַטּוֹבִים‬.ֵ‫א‬ These are the good men.
‫נָּה הַנָּשִׁים הַטּוֹבוֹת‬.ֵ‫ה‬ Those are the good women.

Chapter 8e - Hebrew Pronouns
the relative pronoun
‫אֲשֶׁר‬
(who, which, that)
(1) The form of this word does not change in order to

indicate the gender or number of its antecedent. (2) It may
appear with or without Maqqef. (3) When functioning as a
relative pronoun introducing a relative clause, it
immediately follows the noun it is modifying.
‫הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר בְּתוְֹך–הַגָּן‬ the tree that (is) in the middle

of the garden
‫יִם‬.‫חַת הַשָּׁ ַמ‬.ַ‫הֶהִָרים אֲשֶׁר–תּ‬ the mountains that (are) under

the heavens
‫לְֶך אֲשֶׁר בְּחְַרתֶּם‬.ֶ‫הַמּ‬ the king whom you chose
‫דָּוִד אֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית יְהוָה‬ David, who (is) in the house of

the Lord

Chapter 8f - Hebrew Pronouns
interrogative pronouns
‫ מִי‬Who?
‫ מָה‬What?
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask a question. These
pronouns do not inflect and can appear with or without
the Maqqef. The vocalization of ‫ מָה‬may change slightly
(‫ מַה‬or ‫)מֶה‬. When spelled ‫מַה‬, a Daghesh Forte will usually
appear in the first consonant of the following word.
‫מַה–שְּׁמוֹ‬ What (is) his name?
ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫מֶה–עָשׂ‬ What have you done?
‫מָה הַחֲלוֹם הַזֶּה‬ What (is) this dream?
‫מִי–אַתָּה‬ Who (are) you?
‫מִי–הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה‬ Who (is) this man?
‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫מִי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָא‬ Who (are) these men?

Chapter 8g - Hebrew Pronouns
the interrogative particle
ֲ‫ה‬
The interrogative particle is prefixed to the first word of
the sentence. Compare the following examples. The first
example is a statement. The second example is a question
because the interrogative particle has been prefixed to the
first word of the sentence.
‫לְֶך אֶת–הַנָּבִיא‬.‫שָׁלַח הַ ֶמּ‬ The king sent the prophet.
‫לְֶך אֶת–הַנָּבִיא‬.‫הֲשָׁלַח הַ ֶמּ‬ Did the king send the prophet?
The Spelling of the Particle

1. ֲ‫ ה‬before most consonants as in the above example
2. ‫ ַה‬before gutturals or any consonant with Shewa
3. ‫ ֶה‬before gutturals with Qamets

Chapter 7a - Hebrew Adjectives
inflection (form)
Inflected Adjective
Masculine Feminine
Singular ‫טוֹב‬ ‫טוֹבָה‬

Plural ‫טוֹבִים‬ ‫טוֹבוֹת‬
Inflectional Endings
Masculine Feminine
Singular ‫בָה‬
Plural ‫בִים‬ ‫וֹת‬

Chapter 7b - Hebrew Adjectives
the use of adjectives
1. Attributive Use. Directly modifies a noun and agrees

with that noun in gender, number and definiteness.
‫אִישׁ טוֹב‬ good man or a good man

‫הָאִישׁ הַטּוֹב‬ the good man
2. Predicative Use. Asserts something about the noun

and agrees with that noun in gender and number, but
not definiteness. A predicate adjective will never take
the definite article.
‫הָאִישׁ טוֹב‬ The man is good.

‫טוֹבָה הָאִשָּׁה‬ The woman is good.
3. Substantival Use. Adjectives may be used

independently as nouns with no noun for the adjective
to modify.
‫הֶחָכָם‬ the wise man.

‫הַטּוֹבוֹת‬ the good women

Chapter 7c - Hebrew Adjectives
the directional ending
In Hebrew, a special ending may be added to a

word in order to express the idea of motion toward
someone or something. This special ending is the
directional ending ‫(בָה‬it is always unaccented).
‫יִת‬.ַ‫בּ‬ house ➣ ‫יְתָה‬.ַ‫הַבּ‬ to the house
‫עִיר‬ city ➣ ‫ירָ ה‬.ִ‫הָע‬ toward the city
‫יִם‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬ heaven ➣ ‫ יְמָה‬.ַ‫הַשָּׁמ‬ heavenward
‫יִם‬.‫מִצְַר‬ Egypt ➣ ‫ יְמָה‬.‫מִצְַר‬ to Egypt
‫שָׁם‬ there ➣ ‫מָּה‬.ָ‫שׁ‬ to there
‫יָם‬ sea ➣ ‫יָ>מָּה‬ toward the sea

Chapter 7d - Hebrew Adjectives
basic patterns of inflection
1. Inflection with No Change
ms ‫טוֹב‬ fs ‫טוֹבָה‬
mp ‫טוֹ בִים‬ fp ‫טוֹבוֹת‬
2. Inflection with Propretonic Reduction
ms ‫גָּדוֹל‬ fs ‫גּ ְדוֹלָה‬
mp ‫גּ ְדוֹל ִים‬ fp ‫גּ ְדוֹלוֹת‬
3. Inflection of Adjectives Ending in ‫בֶה‬
ms ‫קָשֶׁה‬ fs ‫קָשָׁה‬
mp ‫קָשִׁים‬ fp ‫קָשׁוֹת‬
4. Inflection of Geminate Adjectives
ms ‫ַרב‬ fs ‫ַרבָּה‬
mp ‫ַרבּ ִים‬ fp ‫ַרבּוֹת‬

Chapter 6a - Prepositions
three types
Independent Prepositions
These prepositions stand alone.
‫לְֶך‬.‫לִפְנֵי הַ ֶמּ‬ before the king
‫ַחַת הָעֵץ‬.‫תּ‬ under the tree
Maqqef Prepositions
These prepositions are joined to their objects by Maqqef.
‫אֶל–הַהֵיכָל‬ to the temple
‫ֶָרץ‬.‫מִן–הָא‬ from the land
Inseparable Prepositions
These prepositions are prefixed directly to their objects.
‫בְּשֶָׂדה‬ in a field
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫כְּמ‬ like a king

Chapter 6b - Prepositions
three inseparable prepositions
ְ‫בּ‬ in, by, with (15,559)
ְ‫ל‬ to, for (20,320)
ְ‫כּ‬ like, as, according to (3,053)

Chapter 6c - Prepositions
spelling inseparable prepositions
Before most consonants: Shewa
‫בְּשֶָׂדה‬ in a field
‫לְנַ>עַר‬ for a young man
Before Hateph vowels: corresponding short vowel
‫כַּאֲנָשִׁים‬ like men
‫בֶּאֱמֶת‬ in truth
Before consonants with Vocal Shewa: Hireq
‫לִנְבִיאִים‬ for prophets
‫לִבְִרית‬ for a covenant

Chapter 6d - Prepositions
inseparable prepositions
with the definite article
The vowel and Daghesh Forte of the definite article is

retained but the consonant of the preposition replaces the
‫ ה‬of the definite article.
‫הַשּׂ ָ דֶה‬ the field ➣ ‫בַּשּׂ ָ דֶה‬ in the field
‫מלְֶך‬.ֶּ ַ‫ה‬ the king ➣ ‫מלְֶך‬.ֶּ ַ‫כּ‬ like the king
‫הָאֵשׁ‬ the fire ➣ ‫בָּ אֵשׁ‬ in the fire

Chapter 6e - Prepositions
the preposition ‫מִן‬
The preposition ‫ מִן‬occurs both as a Maqqef preposition
and as an inseparable preposition.
Maqqef Preposition
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫מִן–מ‬ from a king
Inseparable Preposition
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫מִן–מ‬ ➣ ‫ֶמלְֶך‬.ּ ִ‫מ‬ ‫נ‬

(assimilated )
‫יִת‬.ַ‫מִן–בּ‬ ➣ ‫יִת‬.ַּ‫מִב‬ ‫נ‬

(assimilated )
‫מִן–אִישׁ‬ ➣ ‫מֵאִישׁ‬ (compensatory lengthening)
‫ֶרץ‬.ָ‫מִן–הָא‬ ➣ ‫ֶרץ‬.ָ‫מֵהָא‬ (compensatory lengthening)
‫מִן–חוּץ‬ ➣ ‫מִחוּץ‬ (virtual doubling)

Chapter 6f - Prepositions
definite direct object marker
In Hebrew prose, definite direct objects

are usually marked with –‫אֶת‬/‫אֵת‬.
‫יִם‬.ַ‫בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמ‬

‫לְֶך‬.‫פֶר לַ ֶמּ‬.ֵ‫נָתַן הַנָּבִיא אֶת–הַסּ‬
‫אָהַב דָּוִד אֶת–יְהוֹנָתָן‬
‫לְֶך אֶת–תּוֹרוֹתָיו לָעָם‬.‫נָתַן הַ ֶמּ‬

Chapter 5a - Definite Article
In Hebrew, a noun is made definite

by prefixing the definite article which consists of ַ‫ ה‬plus a
Daghesh Forte in the first consonant of the noun.
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫ֶלְֶך = הַמּ‬.‫ מ‬+‫הַ ּב‬

Definite Article
‫מלְֶך‬.ֶּ ַ‫ה‬

Chapter 5b - Definite Article
with begadkephat consonants
When adding the definite article to words

with an initial begadkephat consonant,
the Daghesh Lene is replaced by a Daghesh Forte.
Indefinite Noun Definite Noun
‫יִת‬.ַ‫בּ‬ a house ➣ ‫יִת‬.ּ‫הַ ַב‬ the house
‫ֶֶרְך‬.‫דּ‬ a road ➣ ‫ֶֶרְך‬.ּ‫הַ ד‬ the road
‫גִּבּוֹר‬ a warrior ➣ ‫הַג ִּבּוֹר‬ the warrior

Chapter 5c - Definite Article
with guttural consonants
Compensatory Lengthening
With initial , ‫ ר א‬and ‫ע‬, the guttural rejects the Dagesh
Forte and Pathach lengthens to Qamets.
‫אִישׁ‬ a man ➣ ‫הָאִישׁ‬ the man
Virtual Doubling
With initial ‫ ה‬or ‫ח‬, the guttural rejects the Daghesh Forte
but the Pathach does not lengthen to Qamets.
‫הֵיכָל‬ a palace ➣ ‫הַהֵיכָל‬ the palace
Irregular Seghol
Before unnaccented , ָ‫ הָ ע‬or ָ‫ חָ( ח‬may also be accented), the definite article
appears with the Seghol vowel and without the Daghesh Forte.
‫חָכָם‬ a wise man ➣ ‫הֶחָכָם‬ the wise man

Chapter 5d - Definite Article
with initial ְ‫ י‬and ְ‫מ‬
Words that begin with ְ‫ י‬or ְ‫ מ‬usually give up

the Daghesh Forte that is associated
with the definite article.
‫יְלִָדים‬ boys ➣ ‫הַיְלִָדים‬ the boys
‫מְַרגְּלִים‬ spies ➣ ‫הַמְַרגְּלִים‬ the spies

Chapter 5e - Conjunction ְ‫ו‬
(and, but, also, even)
Before most consonants

the conjunction will appear as ְ‫ו‬
‫בֶד‬.ֶ‫וְע‬ and a servant
‫וְאִשָּׁה‬ and a woman
‫וְהָאִשָּׁה‬ and the woman
‫וְאִישׁ‬ and a man
‫וְהָאִישׁ‬ and the man

Chapter 5f - Conjunction ְ‫ו‬
other spellings
Before ‫בּ‬, ‫ מ‬or ‫ פּ‬it is spelled with Shureq (‫) וּ‬
‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫ מ‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫לְֶך‬.‫וּ ֶמ‬ and a king

‫ פְַּרעֹה‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫וּפְַרעֹה‬ and Pharaoh
Before Vocal Shewa it is spelled with Shureq (‫)וּ‬
‫ סְפִָרים‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫וּסְפִָרים‬ and books

‫ שְׁמוּאֵל‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫וּשְׁמוּאֵל‬ and Samuel
Before Hateph vowels it is spelled with

the corresponding short vowel
‫ אֲנָשִׁים‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫וַאֲנָשִׁים‬ and men

‫ אֱמֶת‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫וֶאֱמֶת‬ and truth
Before monosyllabic words and words with initial accent

it is spelled with Qamets (ָ‫)ו‬
‫ צֹאן‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫וָצֹאן‬ and sheep

‫חֶם‬.ֶ‫ ל‬+ ְ‫ו‬ ➣ ‫חֶם‬.ֶ‫וָל‬ and bread

Chapter 4a - Hebrew Nouns
inflectional endings
4.2 Endings on Masculine and Feminine Nouns.
Masculine Feminine
Singular ‫סוּס‬ horse ‫תּוָֹרה‬ law
Plural ‫סוּסִים‬ horses ‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ laws
Dual ‫יִם‬.ַ‫סוּס‬ two horses ‫יִם‬.ַ‫תּוָֹרת‬ two laws
4.4 Summary of Noun Endings.
Masculine Feminine
Singular endingless ‫בָה‬/‫בַת‬/‫בֶת‬
Plural ‫בִים‬ ‫וֹת‬
Dual ‫יִם‬.ַ‫ב‬ ‫יִם‬.ַ‫רָת‬/ ‫יִם‬.ַ‫ב‬

Chapter 4 b- Hebrew Nouns
exceptions to rules
1. Endingless Feminine Nouns. Not all endingless nouns
are masculine singular. In a few instances, feminine
singular nouns are also endingless as in ‫ֶרץ‬.ֶ‫( א‬land), ‫עִיר‬
(city) and ‫בֶן‬.ֶ‫( א‬stone).
2. Exception to Normal Pluralization. Some singular

nouns of one gender take the plural endings of the other
gender. For example, the masculine singular noun ‫אָב‬
(father) takes the feminine plural ending ‫ וֹת‬as in ‫אָבוֹת‬.
3. Special Dual Nouns. There are three special Hebrew

words that are always dual in form but normally singular
in translation: ‫יִם‬.ַ‫( שָׁמ‬heaven, heavens), ‫יִם‬.‫( מִצְַר‬Egypt)
and ‫יִם‬.ַ‫( מ‬water).
4. Irregular Stem Change. Some Hebrew nouns will alter

their actual (consonantal) stem when they add their
plural endings. For example, the plural of ‫( יוֹם‬day) is
‫( יָמִים‬days), the plural of ‫( אִישׁ‬man) is ‫( אֲנָשִׁים‬men) and
the plural of ‫( אִשָּׁה‬woman) is ‫( נָשִׁים‬women).
5. Defective Spelling of ‫וֹת‬. Occasionally, the feminine

plural ending ‫ וֹת‬will be spelled ‫( ֹת‬with Holem rather
than Holem Waw). For example, the plural of ‫עֵדָה‬
(congragation) may appear either as ‫ עֵדוֹת‬or ‫עֵֹדת‬. The
shorter spelling is called “defective spelling” and the
longer spelling is called “full spelling.”

Chapter 4c - Hebrew Nouns
patterns of noun pluralization
1. Pluralization with No Change
‫ שִׁיר‬song ➣ ‫ שִׁיִרים‬songs
‫ חֲלוֹם‬dream ➣ ‫ חֲלוֹמוֹת‬dreams
2. Pluralization with Propretonic Reduction
‫דָּבָר‬ word ➣ ‫ דְּבִָרים‬words

‫עָנָן‬ cloud ➣ ‫ עֲנָנִים‬clouds
3. Pluralization of Segholate Nouns
‫לְֶך‬.‫ֶמ‬ king ➣ ‫מְלָכִים‬ kings
‫פֶר‬.‫ֵס‬ book ➣ ‫סְפִָרים‬ books
4. Pluralization of Geminate Nouns
‫עַם‬ people ➣ ‫עַ ּמִים‬ peoples
‫חֹק‬ statute ➣ ‫חֻקִּים‬

5. Irregular Pluralization
‫ בֵּן‬son ➣ ‫בָּנִים‬ sons
‫ אִישׁ‬man ➣ ‫אֲנָשִׁים‬ men

Chapter 3a - Syllabification
two rules
1. Every syllable must begin with one consonant

and have only one vowel. The following
example has two syllables, each beginning
with a consonant and each having only one
vowel.
‫דָּבָר‬ ➣ ‫דָּ|בָר‬ då-∫år
2. There are only two types of syllables: open and

closed. Open syllables end with a vowel and
closed syllables end with a consonant. In
the above example, ָ‫( דּ‬då), is open because
it ends in a vowel and ‫∫( בָר‬år), is closed
because it ends in a consonant.
‫דָּ|בָר‬
Closed Open
Syllable Syllable

Chapter 3b - Syllabification
hebrew accent
Most Hebrew words are accented or stressed

on the last syllable. Some are not. The stress
in words not accented on the last syllable
will be indicated by an accent mark
over the stressed syllable as
in the following example.
‫פֶר‬.ֵ‫ס‬

Chapter 3c - Syllabification
syllable classification
syllables may be classified according to

their proximity to the accent
‫ְדּ|בָ|ִרים‬
tonic pretonic propretonic
syllables may be classified without

reference to accent
‫ְדּ|בָ|ִרים‬
ultima penult antepenult

Chapter 2a - Hebrew Vowels
vowels with consonants
Deuteronomy 6:5
no vowel pointing
‫ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך‬

ָ ‫וְאָהַבְ ָּת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיך ָ בְּכָל לְבָבְך‬
with vowel pointing

Chapter 2b - Hebrew Vowels
short vowels
2.3 Vowel Chart 1: Short Vowels.

Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration
a-type ַּ‫ב‬ Pathach a as in bat a
e-type ‫ֶּב‬ Seghol e as in better e
i-type ‫ִּב‬ Hireq i as in bitter i
o-type ‫ָּב‬ Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle o
u-type ‫ֻּב‬ Qibbuts u as in ruler u

Chapter 2c - Hebrew Vowels
changable long vowels
2.4 Vowel Chart 2: Changeable Long Vowels

a-type ָּ‫ב‬ Qamets a as in father å
e-type ‫ֵּב‬ Tsere e as in they ∑
o-type ‫ֹּב‬ Holem o as in role ø

Chapter 2d - Hebrew Vowels
unchangable long vowels
2.5 Vowel Chart 3: Unchangeable Long Vowels

a-type ‫בָּי‬ Qamets Yod ou as in bought â
e-type ‫בֵּי‬ Tsere Yod e as in they ê

‫בֶּי‬ Seghol Yod e as in better ê
i-type ‫בִּי‬ Hireq Yod i as in machine ª
o-type ‫בּוֹ‬ Holem Waw o as in role ô
u-type ‫בּוּ‬ Shureq u as in ruler û

Chapter 2e - Hebrew Vowels
reduced (hateph) vowels
2.6 Vowel Chart 4: Reduced (Hateph) Vowels

a-type ֲּ‫ב‬ Hateph Pathach a as in amuse á
e-type ‫ֱּב‬ Hateph Seghol a as in amuse é
o-type ‫ֳּב‬ Hateph Qamets a as in amuse ó

Chapter 2f - Hebrew Vowels
summary vowel chart
a e i o u
Short ַּ‫ב‬ ֶּ‫ב‬ ִּ‫ב‬ ָּ‫ב‬ ֻּ‫ב‬

Pathach Seghol Hireq Qamets Qibbuts
Hatuf
Changeable ָּ‫ב‬ ֵּ‫ב‬ ֹּ‫ב‬

Long Qamets Tsere Holem
Unchangeable ‫בֵּי בָּי‬/‫בִּי בֶּי‬ ‫בּוֹ‬ ‫בּוּ‬

Long Qamets Tsere Yod/ Hireq Holem Shureq
Yod Seghol Yod Yod Waw
Reduced ֲּ‫ב‬ ֱּ‫ב‬ ֳּ‫ב‬

Hateph Hateph Hateph
Pathach Seghol Qamets

Chapter 2g - Hebrew Vowels
shewa
ְּ‫ב‬
This vowel symbol is called Shewa.
It is not listed in the vowel charts because it is not like any
other vowel. It does not belong to any phonetic class.
There are two types of Shewa in Hebrew:
Silent Shewa and Vocal Shewa.

Chapter 2h - Hebrew Vowels
daghesh forte
ּ‫ב‬
This pointing symbol is called Daghesh Forte.
It looks exactly like the Daghesh Lene but it is used to
double the consonant in which it occurs. For example, the
Hebrew word ‫( הַשָּׁמַיִם‬the heavens) has a Daghesh Forte in
the Shin (ּ‫)שׁ‬. It should be rendered, therefore, with two
Shins (‫) שׁשׁ‬, ha¡¡åmayim. The Daghesh Forte can occur in
any consonant except the gutturals (‫א‬, ‫ע‬, ‫ה‬, ‫ ) ח‬and ‫ר‬.

Chapter 2i - Hebrew Vowels
defective writing
Full Defective
Writing Writing
‫בּוֹ‬ ➣ ‫ֹבּ‬ Holem Waw to Holem
Example ‫שׁוֹפָר‬ ➣ ‫שֹׁפָר‬ ram’s horn
‫בּוּ‬ ➣ ֻ‫בּ‬ Shureq to Qibbuts
Example ַ‫מַדּוּע‬ ➣ ַ‫מַדֻּע‬ why?
‫בִּי‬ ➣ ִ‫בּ‬ Hireq Yod to Hireq
Example ‫דָּוִיד‬ ➣ ‫דָּוִד‬ David

Chapter 35 - Hithpael Diagnostics
at-a-glance

Construct Absolute
Strong ‫מִתְ קַ ּטֵל הִתְ קַ ּטֵל הִתְ קַ ּטֵל הִתְ קַ ּטֵל יִתְ קַ ּטֵל הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬
Gemin ‫מִתְפַּלֵּל הִתְפַּלֵּל הִתְפַּלֵּל הִתְפַּלֵּל יִתְפַּלֵּל הִתְפַּלֵּל‬
‫ה‬
III- ‫הִתְגַּלּוֹת הִתְגַּלֵּה יִתְגַּלֶּה הִתְגַּלָּה‬ ‫מִתְגַּלֶּה‬
II-Gutt1 ‫הִתְ נַחֵם הִתְ נַחֵם יִתְ נַחֵם הִתְ נַחֵם‬ ‫מִתְ נַחֵם‬
II-Gutt2 ‫מִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך יִתְבֵָּרְך הִתְבֵָּרְך‬
2
virtual doubling
compensatory lengthening ‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew
‫‪ Verbs‬ה‪Summary of Endings on III-‬‬
‫‪Qal and Derived Stems‬‬
‫‪Ending‬‬ ‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫‪Pual‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬ ‫‪Hithpael‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫בָה‬ ‫בָּנ ָה‬ ‫נִבְנ ָה‬ ‫ִגּלָּה‬ ‫ֻגּלָּה‬ ‫ִה ְגלָה‬ ‫ָה ְגלָה‬ ‫ִה ְת ַגּלָּה‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫בֶה‬ ‫יִבְנ ֶה‬ ‫יִבָּנ ֶה‬ ‫ְי ַגלֶּה‬ ‫ְי ֻגלֶּה‬ ‫ַי ְגלֶה‬ ‫ָי ְגלֶה‬ ‫ִי ְת ַגּלֶּה‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫בֵה‬ ‫בְּנ ֵה‬ ‫הִבָּנ ֵה‬ ‫ַגּלֵּה‬ ‫ַה ְגלֵה‬ ‫ִה ְת ַגּלֵּה‬
‫‪Inf Construct‬‬ ‫וֹת‬ ‫הִבָּנוֹת בְּנוֹת‬ ‫גַּלּוֹת‬ ‫ַהגְלוֹת‬ ‫ִה ְתגַּלּוֹת‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫בֶה‬ ‫בֹּנ ֶה‬ ‫נִבְנ ֶה‬ ‫ְמ ַגלֶּה‬ ‫ְמ ֻגלֶּה‬ ‫ַמ ְגלֶה‬ ‫ָמ ְגלֶה‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַגּלֶּה‬
Hithpael Diagnostics
At-A-Glance

Construct Absolute
Strong ‫מִתְקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל יִתְקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל‬
Geminate ‫מִתְפַּלֵּל ִה ְתפַּלֵּל ִה ְתפַּלֵּל ִה ְתפַּלֵּל יִתְפַּלֵּל ִה ְתפַּלֵּל‬
III-‫ה‬ ‫ִה ְתגַּלּוֹת ִה ְתגַּלֵּה יִתְגַּלֶּה ִה ְתגַּלָּה‬ ‫מִתְגַּלֶּה‬
II-Gutt1 ‫ִה ְת נַחֵם ִה ְת נַחֵם יִתְ נַחֵם ִה ְת נַחֵם‬ ‫מִתְ נַחֵם‬
II-Gutt2 ‫מִתְבֵָּרְך ִה ְתבֵָּרְך ִה ְתבֵָּרְך ִה ְתבֵָּרְך יִתְבֵָּרְך ִה ְתבֵָּרְך‬
1
virtual doubling
2
‫‪Hophal Diagnostics‬‬
‫‪At-A-Glance‬‬
‫)‪Strong (u‬‬ ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל יְֻקטַל‬
‫)‪Strong (o‬‬ ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫מְָקטָל יְָקטַל‬
‫‪I-Gutt‬‬ ‫ָהעֳמַד‬ ‫מָעֳמָד יָעֳמַד‬
‫ה‪III-‬‬ ‫ָה ְגלָה‬ ‫מָ ְגלֶה יָ ְגלֶה‬
‫נ‪I-‬‬ ‫ֻהצַּל‬ ‫יֻצַּל‬ ‫מֻצָּל‬
‫י‪I-‬‬ ‫הוּשַׁב‬ ‫מוּשָׁב יוּשַׁב‬
‫‪Bicon‬‬ ‫הוּקַם‬ ‫מוּקָם יוּקַם‬
‫‪Geminate‬‬ ‫הוּסַב‬ ‫מוּסָב יוּסַב‬

‫‪Hiphil Diagnostics‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪Imperfect Imperative‬‬ ‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫‪Participle‬‬
‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫הְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל יְַקטִיל הְִקטִיל‬ ‫מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל‬

‫הְִקטַ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫‪I-Gutt‬‬ ‫מַעֲמִיד ַהעֲמֵד ַהעֲמִיד ַהעֲמֵד יַעֲמִיד ֶהעֱמִיד‬
‫ֶהעֱמַ‪ְ.‬דתָּ‬ ‫ַהעֲמ‪ִ.‬יִדי‬
‫ע‪/‬ח‪III-‬‬ ‫שׁלִי ַח‬‫שׁלִי ַח ִה ְ‬
‫שׁלַח יַ ְ‬ ‫שׁלִי ַח ַה ְ‬
‫שׁלֵ ַח ַה ְ‬
‫שׁלִי ַח ַה ְ‬
‫מַ ְ‬
‫שׁלַ‪ְ .‬ח ָתּ‬‫ִה ְ‬ ‫שׁ ִל‪.‬יחִי‬‫ַה ְ‬
‫א‪III-‬‬ ‫מַמְצִיא ַהמְצֵא ַהמְצִיא ַהמְצֵא יַמְצִיא ִהמְצִיא‬
‫ִהמְצֵ‪.‬א ָת‬ ‫ַהמְ ‪.‬צִיאִי‬
‫ה‪III-‬‬ ‫ִה ְגלָה‬ ‫יַ ְגלֶה‬ ‫ַהגְלוֹת ַה ְגלֵה‬ ‫ַה ְגלֵה‬ ‫מַ ְגלֶה‬
‫ִה ְגלִ‪.‬יתָ‬
‫נ‪I-‬‬ ‫הִצ ִּיל‬ ‫יַצ ִּיל‬ ‫הַצ ֵּל‬ ‫הַצ ִּיל‬ ‫הַצ ֵּל‬ ‫מַצ ִּיל‬
‫ה ַ‪ִ.‬צ ּ ְל ָתּ‬ ‫ה ִַצ ּ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫י‪I-‬‬ ‫מוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁב הוֹשִׁיב הוֹשֵׁב יוֹשִׁיב הוֹשִׁיב‬
‫הוֹשַׁ‪.‬בְתָּ‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬יבִי‬
‫הוֹ ִ‬
‫‪Bicon‬‬ ‫ֵהקִים‬ ‫יָקִים‬ ‫ָהקֵם‬ ‫ָהקִים‬ ‫ָהקֵם‬ ‫מֵקִים‬
‫ֲהקִימ‪.‬וֹתָ‬ ‫ָהקִ‪.‬ימִי‬
Pual Diagnostics
At-A-Glance
Strong ‫ֻקטַּל‬ ‫מְ ֻק ּטָל יְ ֻק ּטַל‬
III-‫א‬ ‫מֻצ ָּא‬ ‫מְמֻצ ָּא יְמֻצ ָּא‬
III-‫ה‬ ‫גֻּלָּה‬ ‫יְגֻלֶּה‬ ‫מְגֻלֶּה‬

ָ‫ית‬.ֵּ‫גֻּל‬
II-Gutt1 ‫נֻחַם‬ ‫יְנֻחַם‬ ‫מְנֻחָם‬
II-Gutt2 ‫בַֹּרְך‬ ‫מְבָֹרְך יְבַֹרְך‬
1
virtual doubling
2
Piel Diagnostics
At-A-Glance

Construct Absolute
Strong ‫יְקַ ּטֵל קִ ֵטּל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מְקַ ּטֵל‬
III-‫ח‬/‫ע‬ ‫יְשַׁלַּח שִׁלַּח‬ ‫שַׁלַּח‬ ‫שַׁלַּח‬ ‫שַׁלֵּ ַח‬ ‫מְשַׁלֵּ ַח‬
III-‫א‬ ‫יְמַצ ֵּא מִצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מְמַצ ֵּא‬
‫מַצ ֹּא‬
III-‫ה‬ 1
‫יְגַלֶּה גִּלָּה‬ ‫גַּלֵּה‬ ‫גַּלּוֹת‬ ‫גַּלֵּה‬ ‫מְגַלֶּה‬
ָ‫ית‬.ִּ‫גִּל‬
Geminate ‫יְהַלֵּל הִלֵּל‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫מְהַלֵּל‬
II-Gutt2 ‫יְנ ַחֵם נִחַם‬ ‫נ ַחֵם‬ ‫נ ַחֵם‬ ‫נ ַחֵם‬ ‫מְנ ַחֵם‬
II-Gutt3 ‫יְבֵָרְך בֵֵּרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫מְבֵָרְך‬
1
3ms only
2
virtual doubling
3
‫‪Niphal Diagnostics‬‬

‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫נְִקטַל‬ ‫יִקָּטֵל‬ ‫ִהקָּטֵל‬ ‫ִהקָּטֵל‬ ‫נְִקטָל נְִקטוֹל‬

‫ִהקָּטוֹל‬
‫‪I-Gutt‬‬ ‫נֶעֱז ַב‬ ‫יֵעָזֵב‬ ‫ֵהעָזֵב‬ ‫ֵהעָזֵב‬ ‫נ ֶעֱזָב נַעֲזוֹב‬

‫ֵהעָזוֹב‬
‫א‪III-‬‬ ‫נִמְצָא‬ ‫ִה ּ ָמצֵא ִה ּ ָמצֵא יִ ּ ָמצֵא‬ ‫נִמְצָא נִמְצוֹא‬
‫ה‪III-‬‬ ‫נִבְנ ָה‬ ‫יִבָּנ ֶה‬ ‫ִהבָּנוֹת ִהבָּנ ֵה‬ ‫נִבְנ ֶה נִבְנֹה‬
‫נִבְנ ֵ>יתָ‬ ‫ִהבָּנ ֵה‬
‫נ‪I-‬‬ ‫נִ ַצ ּל‬ ‫יִנָּצֵל‬ ‫ִהנָּצֵל‬ ‫ִהנָּצֵל‬ ‫ִהנָּצֵל‬ ‫נִ ָצ ּל‬

‫י‪I-‬‬ ‫נוֹשַׁב‬ ‫יִ ָוּשֵׁב‬ ‫ִה ָוּשֵׁב‬ ‫ִה ָוּשֵׁב‬ ‫נוֹשָׁב‬

‫‪Strong Verb Diagnostics‬‬

‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫קָטַל‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫קְטֹל‬ ‫קְטֹל‬ ‫קָטוֹל‬ ‫קֹטֵל‬
‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫נִקְטַל‬ ‫יִקָּטֵל‬ ‫ִהקָּטֵל‬ ‫נִקְטָל נְִקטוֹל ִהקָּטֵל‬

‫ִהקָּטוֹל‬
‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫קִ ֵטּל‬ ‫יְקַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מְקַ ּטֵל קַ ּטֵל‬
‫‪Pual‬‬ ‫ֻק ַטּל‬ ‫יְ ֻק ּטַל‬ ‫מְ ֻק ּטָל‬
‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫הְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל יְַקטִיל הְִקטִיל‬ ‫מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל‬

‫הְִקטַ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫‪Hophal‬‬ ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל‬
‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬ ‫ָמקְטָל‬
‫‪Hithpael‬‬ ‫מִ ְתקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל יִ ְתקַ ּטֵל ִה ְתקַ ּטֵל‬
‫‪Strong Verbs‬‬
‫‪416‬‬
‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫‪Pual‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫)‪Hophal (1‬‬ ‫)‪Hophal (2‬‬ ‫‪Hithpael‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫קָטַל‬ ‫נְִקטַל‬ ‫ִקטֵּל‬ ‫ֻקטַּל‬ ‫הְִקטִיל‬ ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ק‪,‬טְלָה‬ ‫נְִקטְלָה‬ ‫הִתְַקטְּלָה הְָקטְלָה הְֻקטְלָה הְִקט‪ִ.‬ילָה ֻקטְּלָה ִקטְּלָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ָק ט‪ְ ַ.‬ל ָתּ‬ ‫נְִקט‪ְ ַ.‬ל ָתּ‬ ‫הִתְַקטַּ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ הְָקט‪ְ ַ.‬ל ָתּ הְֻקט‪ְ ַ.‬ל ָתּ הְִקטַ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ ֻקטַּ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ ִקטַּ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ָקטַלְתְּ‬ ‫נְִקטַלְתְּ‬ ‫הִתְַקטַּלְתְּ הְָקטַלְתְּ הְֻקטַלְתְּ הְִקטַלְתְּ ֻקטַּלְתְּ ִקטַּלְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫ָקטַ‪ְ .‬לתִּי‬ ‫נְִקט‪ְ ַ.‬לתִּי‬ ‫הִתְַקטַּ‪ְ .‬לתִּי הְָקט‪ְ ַ.‬לתִּי הְֻקט‪ְ ַ.‬לתִּי הְִקטַ‪ְ .‬לתִּי ֻקטַּ‪ְ .‬לתִּי ִקטַּ‪ְ .‬לתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫ק‪,‬טְלוּ‬ ‫נְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫ִקטְּלוּ‬ ‫הְֻקטְלוּ הְִקטִ‪.‬ילוּ ֻקטְּלוּ‬ ‫הְָקטְלוּ‬ ‫הִתְַקטְּלוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫נְִקטַלְתֶּם‬ ‫הִתְַקטַּלְתֶּם הְָקטַלְתֶּם הְֻקטַלְתֶּם הְִקטַלְתֶּם ֻקטַּלְתֶּם ִקטַּלְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ְקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫נְִקטַלְתֶּן‬ ‫הִתְַקטַּלְתֶּן הְָקטַלְתֶּן הְֻקטַלְתֶּן הְִקטַלְתֶּן ֻקטַּלְתֶּן ִקטַּלְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ָקטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫נְִקטַ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫הִתְַק ַטּ‪.‬לְנוּ הְָק ַט‪.‬לְנוּ הְֻק ַט‪.‬לְנוּ הְִקט‪ַ.‬לְנוּ ֻקטּ‪ַ.‬לְנוּ ִקטַּ‪.‬לְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יִָקּטֵל‬ ‫יְֻקטַּל יְַקטֵּל‬ ‫יְַקטִיל‬ ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬ ‫יִתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תִָּקּטֵל‬ ‫תְַּקטִיל תְֻּקטַּל תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫תְֻּקטַל‬ ‫תְָּקטַל‬ ‫תִּתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תִָּקּטֵל‬ ‫תְַּקטִיל תְֻּקטַּל תְַּקטֵּל‬ ‫תְֻּקטַל‬ ‫תְָּקטַל‬ ‫תִּתְַקטֵּל‬
‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ‫תִּקּ‪ְ ,‬טלִי‬ ‫תְַּקט‪ִ.‬ילִי תְֻּקטְּלִי תְַּקטְּלִי‬ ‫תְֻּק ְטלִי‬ ‫תְָּקטְלִי‬ ‫ִתּתְַק ְטּלִי‬
‫‪Appendix 1: Verb Paradigms‬‬

‫‪2fs‬‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬ ‫אֶָקּטֵל‬ ‫אְַקטִיל אֲֻקטַּל אֲַקטֵּל‬ ‫אְֻקטַל‬ ‫אְָקטַל‬ ‫אֶתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫ִיקּ‪,‬טְלוּ‬ ‫יְַקט‪ִ.‬ילוּ יְֻקטְּלוּ יְַקטְּלוּ‬ ‫יְֻקטְלוּ‬ ‫יְָקטְלוּ‬ ‫יִתְַקטְּלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תְִּקט‪ֹ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תִָּקּט‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְַּקט‪ֵ.‬לְנָה תְֻּקטַּ‪.‬לְנָה תְַּקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְֻּקטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְָּקט‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תִּתְַקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תִּקּ‪,‬טְלוּ‬ ‫תְַּק ‪.‬טִילוּ תְֻּקטְּלוּ תְַּקטְּלוּ‬ ‫תְֻּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תְָּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תִּתְַקטְּלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תְִּקט‪ֹ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תִָּקּט‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְַּק ֵט‪.‬לְנָה תְֻּקטּ‪ַ.‬לְנָה תְַּקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְֻּקטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְָּקט‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תִּתְַקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ‫נִָקּטֵל‬ ‫נְַקטֵּל‬ ‫נְֻקטַּל‬ ‫נְַקטִיל‬ ‫נְֻקטַל‬ ‫נְָקטַל‬ ‫נִתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ְקטֹל‬ ‫הִָקּטֵל‬ ‫ַקטֵּל‬ ‫הְַקטֵל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ִקטְלִי‬ ‫הִק‪ְ ּ,‬טלִי‬ ‫ַקטְּלִי‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילִי‬ ‫הִתְַקטְּלִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ִקטְלוּ‬ ‫הִק‪ּ,‬טְלוּ‬ ‫ַקטְּלוּ‬ ‫הְַקטִ‪.‬ילוּ‬ ‫הִתְַקטְּלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ְק ט‪ֹ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫הִָקּטַ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫ַקטֵּ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫הְַקטֵ‪.‬לְנָה‬ ‫הִתְַקטּ‪ֵ.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬
‫‪Construct‬‬ ‫ְקטֹל‬ ‫הִָקּטֵל‬ ‫ַקטֵּל‬ ‫הְַקטִיל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫ָקטוֹל‬ ‫נִקטוֹל‬ ‫ַקטּוֹל‬ ‫הְַקטֵל‬ ‫הִתְַקטֵּל‬

‫‪Absolute‬‬ ‫הִָקּטוֹל‬ ‫ַקטֵּל‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫ֹקטֵל‬ ‫מְַקטֵּל‬ ‫מְַקטִיל‬ ‫מִתְַקטֵּל‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ֹק ט‪ֶ.‬לֶת‬ ‫מְַקטֶּ‪.‬לֶת‬ ‫מְַקטֶ‪.‬לֶת‬ ‫מִתְַקטּ‪ֶ.‬לֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ֹק ְטלִים‬ ‫מְַקטְּלִים‬ ‫מְַקטִילִים‬ ‫ִמתְַק ְטּלִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫ֹקטְלוֹת‬ ‫מְַקטְּלוֹת‬ ‫מְַקטִילוֹת‬ ‫מִתְַקטְּלוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫קָטוּל‬ ‫נְִקטָל‬ ‫מְֻקטָּל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל‬ ‫מְָקטָל‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ְקטוּלָה‬ ‫נְִקטָלָה‬ ‫מְֻקטֶּ‪.‬לֶת‬ ‫מְֻקטֶ‪.‬לֶת‬ ‫מְָקט‪ֶ.‬לֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ְקטוּלִים‬ ‫נְִק ָטלִים‬ ‫מְֻקטָּלִים‬ ‫מְֻקטָלִים‬ ‫מְָקטָלִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫ְקטוּלוֹת‬ ‫נְִקטָלוֹת‬ ‫מְֻקטָּלוֹת‬ ‫מְֻקטָלוֹת‬ ‫מְָקטָלוֹת‬
‫‪417‬‬
‫‪I-Guttural Verbs‬‬
‫‪418‬‬
‫)‪Qal (1‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (2‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ָעמַד‬ ‫חָזַק‬ ‫נֶעֱזַב‬ ‫ֶה ֱעמִיד‬ ‫הָעֳמַד‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ע<מְָדה‬ ‫ח‪,‬זְָקה‬ ‫נֶעֶזְבָה‬ ‫הֶעֱמִ‪.‬יָדה‬ ‫הָעָמְָדה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ָעמ‪ְַ.‬דתָּ‬ ‫חָז>ְַקתָּ‬ ‫ֶנ ֱע ַ>זבְתָּ‬ ‫הֶעֱמ‪ְִַ.‬דתָּ‬ ‫הָעֳמ‪ְַ.‬דתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ָעמְַד ְתּ‬ ‫חָזְַקתְּ‬ ‫נֶ עֱזַ בְ תְּ‬ ‫הֶעֱמְַדתְּ‬ ‫הָעֳמְַדתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫ָע ַמ‪ְ.‬דתִּי‬ ‫חָזַ>ְקתִּי‬ ‫ֶנ ֱע ַ>זבְתִּי‬ ‫הֶעֱמ‪ְַ.‬דתִּי‬ ‫הָעֳמַ‪ְ.‬דתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫ע<מְדוּ‬ ‫ח‪,‬זְקוּ‬ ‫נֶעֶזְבוּ‬ ‫הֶעֱמ‪ִ.‬ידוּ‬ ‫הָעָמְדוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ֲעמְַדתֶּם‬ ‫חֲזְַקתֶּם‬ ‫נֶעֱזַבְתֶּם‬ ‫ֶה ֱעמְַדתֶּם‬ ‫ָה ֳעמְַדתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫עֲמְַדתֶּן‬ ‫חֲזְַקתֶּן‬ ‫נֶעֱזַבְתֶּן‬ ‫הֶעֱמְַדתֶּן‬ ‫הָעֳמְַדתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ָעמ‪ְַ.‬דנוּ‬ ‫חָזַ‪ְ.‬קנוּ‬ ‫ֶנ ֱע ַ>זבְנוּ‬ ‫הֶעֱמַ‪ְ.‬דנוּ‬ ‫הָעֳמַ‪ְ.‬דנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ַי ֲעמֹד‬ ‫יֶחֱזַק‬ ‫יֵעָזֵב‬ ‫ַי ֲעמִיד‬ ‫ָי ֳעמַד‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמֹד‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַק‬ ‫תֵּעָזֵב‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמִיד‬ ‫ָתּ ֳעמַד‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמֹד‬ ‫תֶּחֱזַק‬ ‫תֵּעָזֵב‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמִיד‬ ‫ָתּ ֳעמַד‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ַתּ ַעמְִדי‬ ‫תֶּחֶזְִקי‬ ‫ֵתּע<זְבִי‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמ‪ִ.‬יִדי‬ ‫ָתּ ָעמְִדי‬

‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶעֱמֹד‬ ‫אֶחֱזַק‬ ‫אֵעָזֵב‬ ‫ַא ֲעמִיד‬ ‫אָעֳמַד‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫ַי ַעמְדוּ‬ ‫יֶחֶזְקוּ‬ ‫ֵיע<זְבוּ‬ ‫ַי ֲע ִמ‪.‬ידוּ‬ ‫ָי ָעמְדוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמ‪ְֹ.‬דנָה‬ ‫תֶּחֱז>ְַקנָה‬ ‫ֵתּ ָע ַ>זבְנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ֲע ֵמ‪ְ.‬דנָה‬ ‫ָתּ ֳע ַמ‪ְ.‬דנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תַּעַמְדוּ‬ ‫תֶּחֶזְקוּ‬ ‫ֵתּע<זְבוּ‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמ‪ִ.‬ידוּ‬ ‫תָּעָמְדוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ַתּ ֲעמ‪ְֹ.‬דנָה‬ ‫תֶּחֱז>ְַקנָה‬ ‫ֵתּ ָע ַ>זבְנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ֲע ֵמ‪ְ.‬דנָה‬ ‫ָתּ ֳע ַמ‪ְ.‬דנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ַנ ֲעמֹד‬ ‫נֶחֱזַק‬ ‫נֵעָזֵב‬ ‫ַנ ֲעמִיד‬ ‫ָנ ֳעמַד‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ֲעמֹד‬ ‫חֲזַק‬ ‫הֵעָזֵב‬ ‫הַעֲמֵד‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ִעמְִדי‬ ‫חִזְִקי‬ ‫ֵהע<זְבִי‬ ‫הַעֲמ‪ִ.‬יִדי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫עִמְדוּ‬ ‫חִזְקוּ‬ ‫ֵהע<זְבוּ‬ ‫הַעֲמ‪ִ.‬ידוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ֲעמ‪ְֹ.‬דנָה‬ ‫חֲזַ>ְקנָה‬ ‫הֵעָזַ>בְנָה‬ ‫הַעֲמ‪ְֵ.‬דנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫ֲעמֹד‬ ‫חֲזֹק‬ ‫הֵעָזֵב‬ ‫ַה ֲעמִיד‬
‫‪Construct‬‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫עָמוֹד‬ ‫חָזוֹק‬ ‫נַעֲזוֹב‬ ‫הַעֲמֵד‬

‫‪Absolute‬‬ ‫הֵעָזוֹב‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫ֹעמֵד‬ ‫חֹזֵק‬ ‫ַמ ֲעמִיד‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ֹע ֶמ‪ֶ.‬דת‬ ‫חֹזֶ >ֶקת‬ ‫ַמ ֲעמֶֶדת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ֹעמְִדים‬ ‫חֹזְִקים‬ ‫ַמ ֲעמִיִדים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫ֹעמְדוֹת‬ ‫חֹזְקוֹת‬ ‫ַמ ֲעמִידוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫עָמוּד‬ ‫חָזוּק‬ ‫נֶעֱזָב‬ ‫מָעֳמָד‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫עֲמוָּדה‬ ‫חֲזוָּקה‬ ‫ֶנ ֱע ֶ>זבֶת‬ ‫ָמ ֳעמ‪ֶֶ.‬דת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫עֲמוִּדים‬ ‫חֲזוִּקים‬ ‫ֶנ ֱע ָזבִים‬ ‫ָמ ֳעמִָדים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫עֲמוּדוֹת‬ ‫חֲזוּקוֹת‬ ‫נֶעֱזָבוֹת‬ ‫ָמ ֳעמָדוֹת‬
‫‪419‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬א‪I-‬‬
‫‪420‬‬
‫)‪Qal (1‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (2‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (2‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫אָסַר‬ ‫אָכַל‬ ‫אָמַר‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫א<סְָרה‬ ‫א‪,‬כְלָה‬ ‫א‪,‬מְָרה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫אָסַ‪ְ.‬רתָּ‬ ‫ָא ‪ַ.‬כ ְל ָתּ‬ ‫אָמ‪ְַ.‬רתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫אָסְַרתְּ‬ ‫ָא ַכ ְל ְתּ‬ ‫אָמְַרתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אָסַ‪ְ.‬רתִּי‬ ‫אָ ‪ַ.‬כ ְלתִּי‬ ‫אָמ‪ְַ.‬רתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫א<סְרוּ‬ ‫א‪,‬כְלוּ‬ ‫א‪,‬מְרוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫אֲסְַרתֶּם‬ ‫ֲא ַכ ְלתֶּם‬ ‫אֲמְַרתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫אֲסְַרתֶּן‬ ‫אֲכַלְתֶּן‬ ‫אֲמְַרתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫אָסַ‪ְ.‬רנוּ‬ ‫אָכ‪ַ.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫אָמ‪ְַ.‬רנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יֶאֱסֹר‬ ‫יֹאכַל‬ ‫יֹאמַר‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱסֹר‬ ‫תֹּאכַל‬ ‫תֹּאמַר‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱסֹר‬ ‫תֹּאכַל‬ ‫תֹּאמַר‬
‫תַּאַסְִרי‬ ‫תֹּא ְכלִי‬ ‫תֹּאמְִרי‬

‫‪2fs‬‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶאֱסֹר‬ ‫אֹכַל‬ ‫אֹמַר‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יַאַסְרוּ‬ ‫יֹאכְלוּ‬ ‫יֹאמְרוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱס‪ְֹ.‬רנה‬ ‫תֹּאכ‪ַ.‬לְנה‬ ‫תֹּאמ‪ְַ.‬רנה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תַּאַסְרוּ‬ ‫תֹּאכְלוּ‬ ‫תֹּאמְרוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֶּאֱס‪ְֹ.‬רנה‬ ‫תֶּאֱס‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תֹּאמ‪ְַ.‬רנה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נֶאֱסֹר‬ ‫נֹאכַל‬ ‫נֹאמַר‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫אֱסֹר‬ ‫אֱכֹל‬ ‫אֱמֹר‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫אִסְִרי‬ ‫ִא ְכלִי‬ ‫אִמְִרי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫אִסְרוּ‬ ‫אִכְלוּ‬ ‫אִמְרוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫אֱסֹ‪ְ.‬רנה‬ ‫אֱכ‪ֹ.‬לְנה‬ ‫אֱמ‪ְֹ.‬רנה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫אֱסֹר‬ ‫אֱכֹל‬ ‫אֱמֹר‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫אָסוֹר‬ ‫אָכוֹל‬ ‫אָמוֹר‬

‫‪Absolute‬‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫אֹסֵר‬ ‫אֹכֵל‬ ‫אֹמֵר‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫אֹסֶ‪ֶ.‬רת‬ ‫ֹא ‪ֶ.‬כלֶת‬ ‫אֹמֶ‪ֶ.‬רת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫אֹסְִרים‬ ‫ֹא ְכלִים‬ ‫אֹמְִרים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫אֹסְרוֹת‬ ‫ֹאכְלוֹת‬ ‫אֹמְרוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫אָסוּר‬ ‫אָכוּל‬ ‫אָמוּר‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫אֲסוָּרה‬ ‫אֲכוּלַָה‬ ‫אֲמוָּרה‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫אֲסוִּרים‬ ‫אֲכוּלִים‬ ‫אֲמוִּרים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫אֲסוּרוֹת‬ ‫אֲכוּלוֹת‬ ‫אֲמוּרוֹת‬
‫‪421‬‬
‫‪II-Guttural Verbs‬‬
‫‪422‬‬
‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫)‪Piel (vd‬‬ ‫)‪Piel (cl‬‬ ‫)‪Pual (vd) Pual (cl) Hithpael (vd) Hithpael (cl‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫בָּחַר‬ ‫נִבְחַר‬ ‫נִחַם‬ ‫בֵֵּרְך‬ ‫נֻחַם‬ ‫בַֹּרְך‬ ‫הִתְנַחֵם‬ ‫הִתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫נִחֲמָה נִבְחֲָרה בָּחֲָרה‬ ‫בְֵּרכָה‬ ‫נֻחֲמָה‬ ‫בְֹּרכָה‬ ‫הִתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכָה הִתְנַחֲמָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫נִחַ‪.‬מְתָּ נִבְח‪ְַ.‬רתָּ בָּח‪ְַ.‬רתָּ‬ ‫בֵַּר‪ְ .‬כ ָתּ‬ ‫נֻחַ‪.‬מְתָּ‬ ‫בַֹּר‪ְ .‬כ ָתּ‬ ‫הִתְבַָּר‪ְ .‬כ ָתּ הִתְנַחַ‪.‬מְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫נִחַמְתְּ נִבְחְַרתְּ בָּחְַרתְּ‬ ‫בֵַּרכְתְּ‬ ‫נֻחַמְ תְּ‬ ‫בַֹּרכְתְּ‬ ‫הִתְבַָּרכְתְּ הִתְנַחַמְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫נִ ַח‪ְ .‬מתִּי נִבְחַ‪ְ.‬רתִּי בָּחַ‪ְ.‬רתִּי‬ ‫בֵַּר‪ְ .‬כתִּי‬ ‫נֻ ַח‪ְ .‬מתִּי‬ ‫בַֹּר‪ְ .‬כתִּי‬ ‫הִתְבַָּר‪ְ .‬כתִּי הִתְנַ ַח‪ְ .‬מתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫בָּחֲרוּ‬ ‫נִבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫נִחֲמוּ‬ ‫בְֵּרכוּ‬ ‫נֻחֲמְוּ‬ ‫בְֹּרכוּ‬ ‫הִתְנַחֲמוּ‬ ‫הִתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫נִחַמְתֶּם נִבְחְַרתֶּם בְּחְַרתֶּם‬ ‫בֵַּרכְתֶּם‬ ‫נֻחַמְתֶּם‬ ‫בַֹּרכְתֶּם‬ ‫הִתְבַָּרכְתֶּם הִתְנַחַמְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫נִחַמְתֶּן נִבְחְַרתֶּן בְּחְַרתֶּן‬ ‫בֵַּרכְתֶּן‬ ‫נֻחַמְתֶּן‬ ‫בַֹּרכְתֶּן‬ ‫הִתְבַָּרכְתֶּן הִתְנַחַמְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִח‪ַ.‬מְנוּ נִבְחַ‪ְ.‬רנוּ בָּח‪ְַ.‬רנוּ‬ ‫בֵַּר‪.‬כְנוּ‬ ‫נֻח‪ַ.‬מְנוּ‬ ‫בַֹּר‪.‬כְנוּ‬ ‫הִתְבָּ ‪ַ.‬רכְנוּ הִתְנַח‪ַ.‬מְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִבְחַר‬ ‫יִבָּחֵר‬ ‫ְינַחֵם‬ ‫יְבֵָרְך‬ ‫ְי ֻנחַם‬ ‫יְבַֹרְך‬ ‫ִי ְת ַנחֵם‬ ‫יִתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫ְתּנַחֵם תִּבָּחֵר‬ ‫תְּבֵָרְך‬ ‫ְתּ ֻנחַם‬ ‫תְּבַֹרְך‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַנחֵם‬ ‫תִּתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּבְחַר‬ ‫ְתּנַחֵם תִּבָּחֵר‬ ‫תְּבֵָרְך‬ ‫ְתּ ֻנחַם‬ ‫תְּבַֹרְך‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַנחֵם‬ ‫תִּתְבֵָּרְך‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ְתּנַחֲמִי תִּבָּחֲִרי תִּבְחֲִרי‬ ‫תְּב<ְרכִי‬ ‫תְּנֻחֲמִי‬ ‫תְּבְֹרכִי‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַנ ֲחמִי‬ ‫תִּתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶבְחַר‬ ‫אֲנַחֵם אֶבָּחֵר‬ ‫אֲבֵָרְך‬ ‫אֲנֻחַם‬ ‫אֲבַֹרְך‬ ‫אֶתְנַחֵם‬ ‫אֶתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫ְינַחֲמוּ יִבָּחֲרוּ‬ ‫יְב<ְרכוּ‬ ‫ְי ֻנחֲמוּ‬ ‫יְבְֹרכוּ‬ ‫יִתְנַחֲמוּ‬ ‫יִתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫ְתּנַח‪ֵ.‬מְנָה תִּבָּח‪ְַ.‬רנָה תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תְּבֵָר‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תְּנֻחַ‪.‬מְנָה‬ ‫תְּבַֹר‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תִּתְבֵָּר‪.‬כְנָה תִּתְנַח‪ַ.‬מְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ְתּנַחֲמוּ תִּבָּחֲרוּ תִּבְחֲרוּ‬ ‫תְּב<ְרכוּ‬ ‫תְּנֻחֲמוּ‬ ‫תְּבְֹרכוּ‬ ‫תִּתְנַחֲמוּ‬ ‫תִּתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ְתּנַ ֵח‪.‬מְנָה תִּבָּח‪ְַ.‬רנָה תִּבְח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫תְּבֵָר‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תְּנֻחַ‪.‬מְנָה‬ ‫תְּבַֹר‪.‬כְנָה‬ ‫תִּתְבֵָּר‪.‬כְנָה תִּתְנַח‪ַ.‬מְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִבְחַר‬ ‫נִבָּחֵר‬ ‫נְנַחֵם‬ ‫נְבֵָרְך‬ ‫נְנֻהַם‬ ‫נְבַֹרְך‬ ‫ִנ ְת ַנחֵם‬ ‫נִתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫בְּחַר‬ ‫הִבָּחֵר‬ ‫נַחֵם‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫הִתְנַחֵם‬ ‫הִתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫בַּחֲִרי‬ ‫הִבָּחֲִרי‬ ‫בּ<ְרכִי נַחֲמִי‬ ‫הִתְנַחֲמִי‬ ‫הִתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫הִבָּחֲרוּ בַּחֲרוּ‬ ‫בּ<ְרכוּ נַחֲמוּ‬ ‫הִתְנַחֲמוּ‬ ‫הִתְבּ‪ְ,‬רכוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫הִבָּחַ‪ְ.‬רנָה בְּח‪ְַ.‬רנָה‬ ‫בֵָּר‪.‬כְנָה נַח‪ֵ.‬מְנָה‬ ‫הִתְנַח‪ַ.‬מְנָה‬ ‫הִתְבֵָּר>כְנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫בְּחֹר‬ ‫הִבָּחֵר‬ ‫נַחֵם‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫הִתְנַחֵם‬ ‫הִתְבֵָּרְך‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫בָּחוֹר‬ ‫נִבְחוֹר‬ ‫נַחֵם‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫הִתְנַחֵם‬ ‫הִתְבֵָּרְך‬

‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫בֹּחֵר‬ ‫מְבֵָרְך מְנַחֵם‬ ‫מִתְנַחֵם‬ ‫מִתְבֵָּרְך‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫בֹּח‪ֶֶ.‬רת‬ ‫מְבָר‪ֶ.‬כֶת מְנַחֶ‪.‬מֶת‬ ‫מִתְנַ ֶח‪.‬מֶת‬ ‫מִתְבֶָּר‪.‬כֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫בֹּחֲִרים‬ ‫מְב<ְרכִים ְמ ַנ ֲחמִים‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַנ ֲחמִים‬ ‫מִתְבּ<ְרכִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫בֹּחֲרוֹת‬ ‫מְב<ְרכוֹת מְנַחֲמוֹת‬ ‫מִתְנַחֲמוֹת‬ ‫מִתְבּ<ְרכוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫בָּחוּר‬ ‫נִבְחָר‬ ‫מְבָֹרְך מְנֻחָם‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫בְּחוָּרה‬ ‫נִבְחֶ‪ֶ.‬רת‬ ‫מְבֶֹר‪.‬כֶת מְנֻחֶ‪.‬מֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫בְּחוִּרים‬ ‫נִבְחִָרים‬ ‫מְבָֹרכִים ְמ ֻנ ָחמִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫בְּחוּרוֹת‬ ‫נִבְחָרוֹת‬ ‫מְבָֹרכוֹת מְנֻחָמוֹת‬
‫‪423‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬ע‪/‬ח‪III-‬‬
‫‪424‬‬
‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫‪Pual‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫שָׁלַח‬ ‫נִשְׁלַח‬ ‫שִׁלַּח‬ ‫שֻׁלַּח‬ ‫הִשְׁלִיחַ‬ ‫הָשְׁלַח‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫שׁ‪,‬לְחָה‬ ‫נִשְׁלְחָה‬ ‫שִׁלְּחָה‬ ‫שֻׁלְּחָה‬ ‫הִשְׁלִ‪.‬יחָה‬ ‫הָשְׁלְחָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫שָׁל‪ַ.‬חְתָּ‬ ‫נִשְׁל‪ַ.‬חְתָּ‬ ‫שִׁלַּ‪.‬חְתָּ‬ ‫שֻׁלַּ‪.‬חְתָּ‬ ‫הִשְׁלַ‪.‬חְתָּ‬ ‫הָשְׁלַ‪.‬חְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫שָׁלַ‪.‬חַתְּ‬ ‫נִשְׁלַ‪.‬חַתְּ‬ ‫שִׁלּ‪ַ.‬חַתְּ‬ ‫שֻׁלַּ‪.‬חַתְּ‬ ‫הִשְׁלַ‪.‬חַתְּ‬ ‫הָשְׁלַ‪.‬חַתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫שָׁלַ‪ְ .‬חתִּי‬ ‫נִשְׁל‪ְ ַ.‬חתִּי‬ ‫שִׁלַּ‪ְ .‬חתִּי‬ ‫שֻׁלַּ‪ְ .‬חתִּי‬ ‫הִשְׁל‪ְ ַ.‬חתִּי‬ ‫הָשְׁל‪ְ ַ.‬חתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫שׁ‪,‬לְחוּ‬ ‫נִשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫שִׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫שֻׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫הִשְׁלִ‪.‬יחוּ‬ ‫הָשְׁלְחוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫שְׁלַחְתֶּם‬ ‫שׁ ַל ְחתֶּם‬‫ִנ ְ‬ ‫שׁ ַלּ ְחתֶּם‬‫ִ‬ ‫שׁ ַלּ ְחתֶּם‬‫ֻ‬ ‫הִשְׁלַחְתֶּם‬ ‫הָשְׁלַחְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫שְׁלַחְתֶּן‬ ‫נִשְׁלַחְתֶּן‬ ‫שִׁלַּחְתֶּן‬ ‫שֻׁלַּחְתֶּן‬ ‫הִשְׁלַחְתֶּן‬ ‫הָשְׁלַחְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫שָׁלַ‪.‬חְנוּ‬ ‫נִשְׁלַ‪.‬חְנוּ‬ ‫שִׁלּ‪ַ.‬חְנוּ‬ ‫שֻׁלַּ‪.‬חְנוּ‬ ‫הִשְׁלַ‪.‬חְנוּ‬ ‫הָשְׁל‪ַ.‬חְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִשְׁלַח‬ ‫יִשָּׁלַח‬ ‫יְשַׁלַּח‬ ‫יְשֻׁלַּח‬ ‫שׁלִי ַח‬ ‫ַי ְ‬ ‫יָשְׁלַח‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫תִּשָּׁלַח‬ ‫תְּשַׁלַּח‬ ‫תְּשֻׁלַּח‬ ‫שׁלִי ַח‬ ‫ַתּ ְ‬ ‫תָּשְׁלַח‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ ‫תִּשָּׁלַח‬ ‫תְּשַׁלַּח‬ ‫תְּשֻׁלַּח‬ ‫שׁלִי ַח‬ ‫ַתּ ְ‬ ‫תָּשְׁלַח‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫שׁ ְלחִי‬ ‫ִתּ ְ‬ ‫תִּשּׁ‪ְ ,‬לחִי‬ ‫שׁ ְלּחִי‬ ‫ְתּ ַ‬ ‫שׁ ְלּחִי‬ ‫ְתּ ֻ‬ ‫שׁל‪ִ.‬יחִי‬ ‫ַתּ ְ‬ ‫שׁ ְלחִי‬ ‫ָתּ ְ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶשְׁלַח‬ ‫אֶשָּׁלַח‬ ‫אֲשַׁלַּח‬ ‫אֲּשֻׁלַּח‬ ‫אַשְׁלִיחַ‬ ‫אָשְׁלַח‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫ִישּׁ‪,‬לְחוּ‬ ‫יְשַׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫יְשֻׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫שׁ ִל‪.‬יחוּ‬ ‫ַי ְ‬ ‫יָשְׁלְחוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫שׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫ִתּ ְ‬ ‫שּׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫ִתּ ָ‬ ‫שׁ ַלּ‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫ְתּ ַ‬ ‫שׁ ַ‪.‬לּחְנָה‬
‫ְתּ ֻ‬ ‫שׁ ַ‪.‬לחְנָה‬‫ַתּ ְ‬ ‫שׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫ָתּ ְ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחוּ‬ ‫תִּשּׁ‪,‬לְחוּ‬ ‫תְּשַׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫תְּשֻׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫שׁל‪ִ.‬יחוּ‬ ‫ַתּ ְ‬ ‫תָּשְׁלְחוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫שׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬‫ִתּ ְ‬ ‫שּׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬‫ִתּ ָ‬ ‫שׁ ַלּ‪.‬חְנָה‬‫ְתּ ַ‬ ‫שׁ ַ‪.‬לּחְנָה‬‫ְתּ ֻ‬ ‫שׁ ַ‪.‬לחְנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ְ‬ ‫שׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬‫ָתּ ְ‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִשְׁלַח‬ ‫נִשָּׁלַח‬ ‫נְשַׁלַּח‬ ‫נְשֻׁלַּח‬ ‫נַשְׁלִיחַ‬ ‫נָשְׁלַח‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫שְׁלַח‬ ‫הִשָּׁלַח‬ ‫שַׁלַּח‬ ‫הַשְׁלַח‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫שִׁלְחִי‬ ‫הִשּׁ‪ְ ,‬לחִי‬ ‫שַׁלְּחִי‬ ‫הַשְׁלִ‪.‬יחִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫שִׁלְחוּ‬ ‫הִשּׁ‪,‬לְחוּ‬ ‫שַׁלְּחוּ‬ ‫הַשְׁלִ‪.‬יחוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫שְׁלַ‪.‬חְנָה‬ ‫הִשָּׁלַ‪.‬חְנָה‬ ‫שַׁ ַלּ‪.‬חְנָה‬ ‫הַשְׁ ַל‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫שְֹׁלחַ‬ ‫הִשָּׁלַח‬ ‫שַׁלַּח‬ ‫הַשְׁלִיחַ‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫שָׁלוֹחַ‬ ‫נִשְׁלוֹחַ‬ ‫שַׁלֵּחַ‬ ‫הַשְׁלֵחַ‬

‫‪Absolute‬‬ ‫הִשָּׁלֵחַ‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫שֹׁלֵחַ‬ ‫מְשַׁלֵּחַ‬ ‫מַשְׁלִיחַ‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫שֹׁלַ‪.‬חַת‬ ‫מְשַׁלַּ‪.‬חַת‬ ‫מַשְׁל‪ָ.‬חָת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫שׁ ְלחִים‬‫ֹ‬ ‫שׁ ְלּחִים‬‫ְמ ַ‬ ‫שׁלִיחִים‬ ‫ַמ ְ‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫שֹׁלְחוֹת‬ ‫מְשַׁלְּחוֹת‬ ‫שׁלִיחוֹת‬ ‫ַמ ְ‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫שָׁלוּחַ‬ ‫נִשְׁלָח‬ ‫מְשֻׁלָּח‬ ‫מֻשְׁלָח‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫שְׁלוּחָה‬ ‫נִשְׁלַ‪.‬חַת‬ ‫מְשֻׁלַּ‪.‬חַת‬ ‫מֻשְׁל‪ַ.‬חַת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫שְׁלוּחִים‬ ‫שׁ ָלחִים‬‫ִנ ְ‬ ‫שׁ ָלּחִים‬‫ְמ ֻ‬ ‫שׁ ָלחִים‬‫ֻמ ְ‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫שְׁלוּחוֹת‬ ‫נִשְׁלָחוֹת‬ ‫מְשֻׁלָּחוֹת‬ ‫מֻשְׁלָחוֹת‬
‫‪425‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬א‪III-‬‬
‫‪426‬‬
‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫‪Pual‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬ ‫‪Hithpael‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ָמצָא‬ ‫ִנ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִמצֵּא‬ ‫ֻמצָּא‬ ‫ִה ְמצִיא‬ ‫הֻמְצָא‬ ‫הִתְמַצֵּא‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫מ‪,‬צְאָה‬ ‫נִמְצְאָה‬ ‫מִצְּאָה‬ ‫מֻצְּאָה‬ ‫ִה ְמצ‪ִ.‬יאָה‬ ‫הִתְמַצְּאָה הֻמְצְאָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ָמצ‪ָ.‬אתָ‬ ‫נִ ְמצ‪ֵ.‬אתָ‬ ‫ִמ ֵ‪.‬צּּאתָ‬ ‫ֻמצּ‪ֵ.‬אתָ‬ ‫ִה ְמצ‪ֵ.‬אתָ‬ ‫ֻה ְמצ‪ָ.‬א ָת‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמצּ‪ֵ.‬אתָ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ָמצָאת‬ ‫נִ ְמצֵאת‬ ‫ִמצֵּאת‬ ‫ֻמצֵּאת‬ ‫הִמְצֵאת‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמצֵּאת הֻמְצָאת‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫ָמצ‪ָ.‬אתִי‬ ‫נִ ְמ ֵצ‪.‬אתִי‬ ‫ִמצּ‪ֵ.‬אתִי‬ ‫ֻמצּ‪ֵ.‬אתִי‬ ‫ִה ְמ ֵצ‪.‬אתִי‬ ‫ֻה ְמ ָצ‪.‬אתִי‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמצּ‪ֵ.‬אתִי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫מ‪,‬צְאוּ‬ ‫נִמְצְאוּ‬ ‫מִצְּאוּ‬ ‫מֻצְּאוּ‬ ‫ִה ְמצ‪ִ.‬יאוּ‬ ‫הֻמְצְאוּ‬ ‫הִתְמַצְּאוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ְמצָאתֶם‬ ‫נִ ְמצֵאתֶם‬ ‫ִמצֵּאתֶם‬ ‫ֻמצֵּאתֶם‬ ‫ִה ְמצֵאתֶם‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמצֵּאתֶם הֻמְצָאתֶם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫מְצָאתֶן‬ ‫נִמְצֵאתֶן‬ ‫מִצֵּאתֶן‬ ‫מֻצֵּאתֶן‬ ‫הִמְצֵאתֶן‬ ‫הִתְמַצֵּאתֶן הֻמְצָאתֶן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ָמצ‪ָ.‬אנוּ‬ ‫ִנ ְמ ֵצ‪.‬אנוּ‬ ‫ִמצּ‪ֵ.‬אנוּ‬ ‫ֻמצּ‪ֵ.‬אנוּ‬ ‫ִה ְמצ‪ֵ.‬אנוּ‬ ‫ֻה ְמ ָצ‪.‬אנוּ‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמ ‪.‬צֵּאנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ִי ְמצָא‬ ‫ִי ָמּצֵא‬ ‫ְי ַמצֵּא‬ ‫ְי ֻמצָּא‬ ‫ַי ְמצִיא‬ ‫ֻי ְמצָא‬ ‫ִי ְת ַמצֵּא‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ִתּ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִתּ ָמּצֵא‬ ‫ְתּ ַמצֵּא‬ ‫ְתּ ֻמצָּא‬ ‫ַתּ ְמצִיא‬ ‫ֻתּ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַמצֵּא‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ִתּ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִתּ ָמּצֵא‬ ‫ְתּ ַמצֵּא‬ ‫ְתּ ֻמצָּא‬ ‫ַתּ ְמצִיא‬ ‫ֻתּ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַמצֵּא‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ִתּ ְמ ְצאִי‬ ‫תִּמּ< ְצאִי‬ ‫ְתּ ַמ ְצּאִי‬ ‫ְתּ ֻמ ְצּאִי‬ ‫ַתּ ְמצ‪ִ.‬יאִי‬ ‫ֻתּ ְמ ְצאִי‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַמ ְצּאִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶמְצָא‬ ‫אֶמָּצֵא‬ ‫אֲמַצֵּא‬ ‫אֲמֻצָּא‬ ‫ַא ְמצִיא‬ ‫אֻמְצָא‬ ‫ֶא ְת ַמצֵּא‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫ִי ְמצְאוּ‬ ‫ִימּ<צְאוּ‬ ‫ְי ַמצְּאוּ‬ ‫ְי ֻמצְּאוּ‬ ‫ַי ְמצ‪ִ.‬יאוּ‬ ‫ֻי ְמצְאוּ‬ ‫ִי ְתמַצְּאוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫ִתּ ְמצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫ִתּ ָמּ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ְתּ ַמ ֶצּ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ְתּ ֻמ ֶצּ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ְמצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫ֻתּ ְמ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַמ ֶ‪.‬צּּאנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּמְצְאוּ‬ ‫תִּמּ<צְאוּ‬ ‫תְּמַצְּאוּ‬ ‫תְּמֻצְּאוּ‬ ‫ַתּ ְמצ‪ִ.‬יאוּ‬ ‫תֻּמְצְאוּ‬ ‫ִתּתְמַצְּאוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ִתּ ְמצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫ִתּ ָמּ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ְתּ ַמ ֶצּ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ְתּ ֻמ ֶצּ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ְמצ‪ֶ.‬אנָה‬ ‫ֻתּ ְמ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַמ ֶ‪.‬צּּאנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ִנ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִנ ָמּצֵא‬ ‫ְנ ַמצֵּא‬ ‫ְנ ֻמצָּא‬ ‫ַנ ְמצִיא‬ ‫ֻנ ְמצָא‬ ‫ִנ ְת ַמצֵּא‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ְמצָא‬ ‫הִמָּצֵא‬ ‫ַמצֵּא‬ ‫הַמְצֵא‬ ‫הִתְמַצֵּא‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ִמ ְצאִי‬ ‫הִמּ< ְצאִי‬ ‫ַמ ְצּאִי‬ ‫ַה ְמצ‪ִ.‬יאִי‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמ ְצּאִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫מִצְאוּ‬ ‫הִמּ<צְאוּ‬ ‫מַצְּאוּ‬ ‫ַה ְמצ‪ִִ.‬יאוּ‬ ‫הִתְמַצְּאוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ְמ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ִה ָמּ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ַמ ֶצּ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ַה ְמ ֶצ‪.‬אנָה‬ ‫ִה ְת ַמ ֶצּ‪.‬אנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫ְמצֹא‬ ‫הִמָּצֵא‬ ‫ַמצֵּא‬ ‫ַה ְמצִיא‬ ‫הִתְמַצֵּא‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫מָצוֹא‬ ‫ִנ ְמצֹא‬ ‫ַמצֹּא‬ ‫הַמְצֵא‬ ‫הִתְמַצֵּא‬

‫‪Absolute‬‬ ‫הִמָּצֵא‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫ֹמצֵא‬ ‫ְמ ַמצֵּא‬ ‫ַמ ְמצִיא‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַמצֵּא‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ֹמצֵאת‬ ‫ְמ ַמצֵּאת‬ ‫ַמ ְמצֵאת‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַמצֵּאת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ֹמ ְצאִים‬ ‫ְמ ַמ ְצּאִים‬ ‫ַמ ְמצִיאִים‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַמ ְצּאִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫ֹמצְאוֹת‬ ‫ְמ ַמצְּאוֹת‬ ‫ַמ ְמצִיאוֹת‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַמצְּאוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫מָצוּא‬ ‫ִנ ְמצָא‬ ‫ְמ ֻמצָּא‬ ‫ֻמ ְמצָא‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫מְצוּאָה‬ ‫נִמְצָאָה‬ ‫מְמֻצָּאָה‬ ‫ֻמ ְמצֵאת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫מְצוּאִים‬ ‫ִנ ְמ ָצאִים‬ ‫ְמ ֻמ ָצּאִים‬ ‫ֻמ ְמ ָצאִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫מְצוּאוֹת‬ ‫ִנ ְמצָאוֹת‬ ‫ְמ ֻמצָּאוֹת‬ ‫ֻמ ְמצָאוֹת‬
‫‪427‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬ה‪III-‬‬
‫‪428‬‬
‫‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫‪Pual‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬ ‫‪Hithpael‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫בָּנָה‬ ‫נִבְנָה‬ ‫גִּלָּה‬ ‫גֻּלָּה‬ ‫הִגְלָה‬ ‫הָגְלָה‬ ‫הִתְגַּלָּה‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫בּ<נְתָה‬ ‫נִבְנְתָה‬ ‫גִּלְּתָה‬ ‫גֻּלְּתָה‬ ‫הִגְלְתָה‬ ‫הָגְלְתָה‬ ‫הִתְגַּלְּתָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫בָּנ‪ִ.‬י ָת‬ ‫נִבְנֵ‪.‬י ָת‬ ‫גִּלּ‪ִ.‬י ָת‬ ‫גֻּלֵּ‪.‬י ָת‬ ‫הִגְלִ‪.‬י ָת‬ ‫הָגְלֵ‪.‬י ָת‬ ‫הִתְגַּלִּ‪.‬י ָת‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫בָּנִית‬ ‫נִבְנֵית‬ ‫ִגּלִּית‬ ‫ֻגּלֵּית‬ ‫הִגְלִית‬ ‫הָגְלֵית‬ ‫הִתְגַּלִּית‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫בָּנִ‪.‬יתִי‬ ‫נִבְנֵ‪.‬יתִי‬ ‫גִּלּ‪ִ.‬יתִי‬ ‫גֻּלּ‪ֵ.‬יתִי‬ ‫הִגְלִ‪.‬יתִי‬ ‫הָגְל‪ֵ.‬יתִי‬ ‫הִתְגַּלּ‪ִ.‬יתִי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫בָּנוּ‬ ‫נִבְנוּ‬ ‫גִּלּוּ‬ ‫גֻּלּוּ‬ ‫הִגְלוּ‬ ‫הָגְלוּ‬ ‫הִתְגַּלּוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ְבּנִיתֶם‬ ‫ִנ ְבנֵיתֶם‬ ‫ִגּלִּיתֶם‬ ‫ֻגּלֵּיתֶם‬ ‫הִגְלִיתֶם‬ ‫הָגְלֵיתֶם‬ ‫הִתְגַּלִּיתֶם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫בְּנִיתֶן‬ ‫נִבְנֵיתֶן‬ ‫גִּלִִּיתֶן‬ ‫גֻּלֵּיתֶן‬ ‫הִגְלִיתֶן‬ ‫הָגְלֵיתֶן‬ ‫הִתְגַּלִּיתֶן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫בָּנִ‪.‬ינוּ‬ ‫נִבְנֵ‪.‬ינוּ‬ ‫גִּלּ‪ִ.‬ינוּ‬ ‫גֻּלֵּ‪.‬ינוּ‬ ‫הִגְלִ‪.‬ינוּ‬ ‫הָגְל‪ֵ.‬ינוּ‬ ‫הִתְגַּלּ‪ִ.‬ינוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יִבְנֶה‬ ‫יִבָּנֶה‬ ‫יְגַלֶּה‬ ‫יְגֻלֶּה‬ ‫יַגְלֶה‬ ‫יָגְלֶה‬ ‫יִתְגַּלֶּה‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְנֶה‬ ‫תִּבָּנֶה‬ ‫תְּגַלֶּה‬ ‫תְּגֻלֶּה‬ ‫תַּגְלֶה‬ ‫תָּגְלֶה‬ ‫תִּתְגַּלֶּה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תִּבְנֶה‬ ‫תִּבָּנֶה‬ ‫תְּגַלֶּה‬ ‫תְּגֻלֶּה‬ ‫תַּגְלֶה‬ ‫תָּגְלֶה‬ ‫תִּתְגַּלֶּה‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תִּבְנִי‬ ‫תִּבָּנִי‬ ‫ְתּ ַגלִּי‬ ‫ְתּ ֻגלִּי‬ ‫ַתּ ְגלִי‬ ‫ָתּ ְגלִי‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַגּלִּי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֶבְנֶה‬ ‫אֶבָּנֶה‬ ‫אֲגַלֶּה‬ ‫אֲגֻלֶּה‬ ‫אַגְלֶה‬ ‫אָגְלֶה‬ ‫אֶתְגַּלֶּה‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יִבְנוּ‬ ‫יִבָּנוּ‬ ‫יְגַלּוּ‬ ‫יְגֻלּוּ‬ ‫יַגְלוּ‬ ‫יָגְלוּ‬ ‫יִתְגַּלּוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְנֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּבָּנ>ֶינָה‬ ‫תְּגַלּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תְּגֻלּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תַּגְל‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תָּגְל‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּתְגַּלֶּ‪.‬ינָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּבְנוּ‬ ‫תִּבָּנוּ‬ ‫תְּגַלּוּ‬ ‫תְּגֻלּוּ‬ ‫תַּגְלוּ‬ ‫תָּגְלוּ‬ ‫תִּתְגַּלּוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תִּבְנֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּבָּנ>ֶינָה‬ ‫תְּגַלּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תְּגֻלּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תַּגְל‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תָּגְל‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּתְגַּלֶּ‪.‬ינָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נִבְנֶה‬ ‫נִבָּנֶה‬ ‫נְגַלֶּה‬ ‫נְגֻלֶּה‬ ‫נַגְלֶה‬ ‫נָגְלֶה‬ ‫נִתְגַּלֶּה‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫בְּנֵה‬ ‫הִבָּנֵה‬ ‫גַּלֵּה‬ ‫הַגְלֵה‬ ‫הִתְגַּלֵּה‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫בְּנִי‬ ‫הִבָּנִי‬ ‫גַּלִּי‬ ‫הַגְלִי‬ ‫הִתְגַּלִּי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫בְּנוּ‬ ‫הִבָּנוּ‬ ‫גַּלּוּ‬ ‫הַגְלוּ‬ ‫הִתְגַּלּוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫בְּנֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫הִבָּנֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫גַּלֶּ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫הַגְל‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫הִתְגַּלּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫בְּנוֹת‬ ‫הִבָּנוֹת‬ ‫גַּלּוֹת‬ ‫הַגְלוֹת‬ ‫הִתְגַּלּוֹת‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫בָּנֹה‬ ‫נִבְנֹה‬ ‫גַֹּּלה‬ ‫הַגְלֵה‬

‫‪Absolute‬‬ ‫הִבָּנֵה‬ ‫גַּלֵּה‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫בֹּנֶה‬ ‫מְגַלֶּה‬ ‫מַגְלֶה‬ ‫מִתְגַּלֶּה‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫בֹּנָה‬ ‫מְגַלָּה‬ ‫מַגְלָה‬ ‫מִתְגַּלָּה‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ֹבּנִים‬ ‫ְמ ַגלִּים‬ ‫ַמ ְגלִים‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַגּלִּים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫בֹּנוֹת‬ ‫מְגַלּוֹת‬ ‫מַגְלוֹת‬ ‫מִתְגַּלּוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫בָּנוּי‬ ‫נִבְנֶה‬ ‫מְגֻלֶּה‬ ‫מָגְלֶה‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫בְּנוּיָה‬ ‫נִבְנָה‬ ‫מְגֻלָּה‬ ‫מָגְלָה‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫בְּנוּיִים‬ ‫ִנ ְבנִים‬ ‫ְמ ֻגלִּים‬ ‫ָמ ְגלִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫בְּנוּיוֹת‬ ‫נִבְנוֹת‬ ‫מְגֻלּוֹת‬ ‫מָגְלוֹת‬
‫‪429‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬נ‪I-‬‬
‫‪430‬‬
‫)‪Qal (1‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (2‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (Irreg.‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ָנפַל‬ ‫ָנסַע‬ ‫נָתַן‬ ‫ִנצַּל‬ ‫ִהצִּיל‬ ‫ֻהצַּל‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫נ<פְלָה‬ ‫נ<סְעָה‬ ‫נ<תְנָה‬ ‫ִנ ְצּלָה‬ ‫ִה ִצּ‪.‬ילָה‬ ‫הֻצְּלָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ָנ ַ‪.‬פ ְל ָתּ‬ ‫נָס‪ְ ַ.‬ע ָתּ‬ ‫ָנ ַ‪.‬ת ָתּ‬ ‫ִנ ַ‪.‬צּ ְל ָתּ‬ ‫ִה ַּצּ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ‬ ‫ֻה ַ‪.‬צּ ְל ָתּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ָנ ַפ ְל ְתּ‬ ‫נָס‪ַ ַ.‬ע ְתּ‬ ‫ָנ ַת ְתּ‬ ‫ִנ ַצּ ְל ְתּ‬ ‫ִה ַצּ ְל ְתּ‬ ‫ֻה ַצּ ְל ְתּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫ָנ ַ‪.‬פ ְלתִּי‬ ‫נָסַ‪ְ .‬עתִּי‬ ‫ָנת‪ַ.‬תִּי‬ ‫ִנצּ‪ְ ַ.‬לתִּי‬ ‫ִהצּ‪ְ ַ.‬לתִּי‬ ‫ֻה ַ‪.‬צּ ְלתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫נ<פְלוּ‬ ‫נ<סְעוּ‬ ‫נ<תְנוּ‬ ‫ִנצְּלוּ‬ ‫ִה ִצּ‪.‬ילוּ‬ ‫הֻצְּלוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ְנ ַפ ְלתֶּם‬ ‫ְנ ַס ְעתֶּם‬ ‫ְנ ַתתֶּם‬ ‫ִנ ַצּ ְלתֶּם‬ ‫ִה ַצּ ְלתֶּם‬ ‫ֻה ַצּ ְלתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫נְפַלְתֶּן‬ ‫נְסַעְתֶּן‬ ‫נְתַתֶּן‬ ‫ִנ ַצּ ְלתֶּן‬ ‫הִצַּלְתֶּן‬ ‫הֻצַּלְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ָנ ַ‪.‬פלְנוּ‬ ‫נָסַ‪.‬עְנוּ‬ ‫ָנת‪ַ.‬נּוּ‬ ‫ִנצּ‪ַ.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫ִה ַ‪.‬צּלְנוּ‬ ‫ֻהצּ‪ַ.‬לְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ִיפֹּל‬ ‫ִיסַּע‬ ‫ִיתֵּן‬ ‫ִי ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַיצִּיל‬ ‫ֻיצַּל‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ִתּפֹּל‬ ‫ִתּסַּע‬ ‫תִּתֵּן‬ ‫ִתּ ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַתּצִּיל‬ ‫ֻתּצַּל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ִתּפֹּל‬ ‫ִתּסַּע‬ ‫תִּתֵּן‬ ‫ִתּ ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַתּצִּיל‬ ‫ֻתּצַּל‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ִתּ ְפּלִי‬ ‫ִתּ ְסעִי‬ ‫ִתּ ְתּנִי‬ ‫ִתּנּ< ְצלִי‬ ‫ַתּ ִצּ‪.‬ילִי‬ ‫ֻתּ ְצּלִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫ֶאפֹּל‬ ‫אֶסַּע‬ ‫אֶתֵּן‬ ‫ֶא ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַאצִּיל‬ ‫ֻאצַּל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫ִיפְּלוּ‬ ‫ִיסְעוּ‬ ‫ִיתְּנוּ‬ ‫ִינּ<צְלוּ‬ ‫ַי ִצּ‪.‬ילוּ‬ ‫ֻיצְּלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫ִתּ ֹ‪.‬פּלְנָה‬ ‫תִּסּ‪ְ ַ.‬ענָה‬ ‫ִתּ ֵ‪.‬תּנָּה‬ ‫ִתּ ָנּצ‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ֵ‪.‬צּלְנָה‬ ‫ֻתּצּ‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תִּפְּלוּ‬ ‫תִּסְעוּ‬ ‫תִּתְּנוּ‬ ‫ִתּנּ<צְלוּ‬ ‫ַתּ ִצּ‪.‬ילוּ‬ ‫ֻתּצְּלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ִתּ ֹ‪ּ.‬פלְנָה‬ ‫תִּסּ‪ְ ַ.‬ענָה‬ ‫ִתּ ֵ‪.‬תּנָּה‬ ‫ִתּ ָנּצ‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫ַתּ ֵ‪.‬צּלְנָה‬ ‫ֻתּצּ‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ִנפֹּל‬ ‫ִנסַּע‬ ‫נִתֵּן‬ ‫ִנ ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַנצִּיל‬ ‫ֻנצַּל‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ְנפֹל‬ ‫סַע‬ ‫תֵּן‬ ‫ִה ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַהצֵּל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ִנ ְפלִי‬ ‫ְסעִי‬ ‫ְתּנִי‬ ‫הִנּ< ְצלִי‬ ‫ַה ִצּ‪.‬ילִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫נִפְלוּ‬ ‫סְעוּ‬ ‫תְּנוּ‬ ‫הִנּ<צְלוּ‬ ‫ַה ִצּ‪.‬ילוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ְנ ֹ‪.‬פלְנָה‬ ‫סַ‪ְ .‬ענָה‬ ‫תּ‪ֵ.‬נָּה‬ ‫ִה ָנּצ‪ַ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫ַה ֵ‪.‬צּלְנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫ְנפֹל‬ ‫סַ‪.‬עַת‬ ‫תֵּת‬ ‫ִה ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַהצִּיל‬
‫‪Construct‬‬ ‫ְנ ֹס ַע‬ ‫נְתֹן‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫נָפוֹל‬ ‫נָסוֹ ַע‬ ‫נָתוֹן‬ ‫ִה ָנּצֵל‬ ‫ַהצֵּל‬
‫‪Absolute‬‬ ‫נִצּוֹל‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫ֹנפֵל‬ ‫ֹנ ֵס ַע‬ ‫נֹתֵן‬ ‫ַמצִּיל‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ֹנ ֶ‪.‬פלֶת‬ ‫נֹס‪ַ.‬עַת‬ ‫ֹנ ֶ‪.‬תנֶת‬ ‫ַמ ֶ‪.‬צּלֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ֹנ ְפלִים‬ ‫ֹנ ְסעִים‬ ‫ֹנ ְתנִים‬ ‫ַמצִּילִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫ֹנפְלוֹת‬ ‫ֹנסְעוֹת‬ ‫ֹנתְנוֹת‬ ‫ַמצִּילוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫נָפוּל‬ ‫נָסוּעַ‬ ‫נָתוּן‬ ‫ִנצָּל‬ ‫ֻמצָּל‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫נְפוּלָה‬ ‫נְסוּעָה‬ ‫נְתוּנָה‬ ‫ִנ ֶ‪.‬צּלֶת‬ ‫ֻמ ֶ‪.‬צּלֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫נְפוּלִים‬ ‫נְסוּעִים‬ ‫נְתוּנִים‬ ‫ִנ ָצּלִים‬ ‫ֻמ ָצּלִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫נְפוּלוֹת‬ ‫נְסוּעוֹת‬ ‫נְתוּנוֹת‬ ‫ִנצָּלוֹת‬ ‫ֻמצָּלוֹת‬
‫‪431‬‬
‫‪ Verbs‬י‪I-‬‬
‫‪432‬‬
‫)‪Qal (1‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (2‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יָשַׁב‬ ‫יַָרשׁ‬ ‫נוֹשַׁב‬ ‫הוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫הוּשַׁב‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫י<שְׁבָה‬ ‫י<ְרשָׁה‬ ‫נוֹשְׁבָה‬ ‫הוֹשִׁ‪.‬יבָה‬ ‫הוּשְׁבָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ָישׁ‪ַ.‬בְתָּ‬ ‫יַָר‪.‬שְׁתָּ‬ ‫נוֹשׁ‪ַ.‬בְתָּ‬ ‫הוֹשַׁ‪.‬בְתָּ‬ ‫הוּשַׁ‪.‬בְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫יָ שַׁ בְ תְּ‬ ‫יַָרשְׁתְּ‬ ‫נוֹשַׁבְתְּ‬ ‫הוֹשַׁבְתְּ‬ ‫הוּשַׁבְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫שׁבְתִּי‬ ‫ָי ַ‪.‬‬ ‫שׁתִּי‬ ‫יַָר‪ְ .‬‬ ‫נוֹשַׁ‪.‬בְתִּי‬ ‫הוֹשַׁ‪.‬בְתִּי‬ ‫הוּשַׁ‪.‬בְתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫י<שְׁבוּ‬ ‫י<ְרשׁוּ‬ ‫נוֹשְׁבוּ‬ ‫הוֹשׁ‪ִ.‬יבוּ‬ ‫הוּשְׁבוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫שׁ ְבתֶּם‬ ‫ְי ַ‬ ‫שׁתֶּם‬ ‫יְַר ְ‬ ‫נוֹשַׁבְתֶּם‬ ‫הוֹשַׁבְתֶּם‬ ‫הוּשַׁבְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫יְשַׁבְתֶּן‬ ‫יְַרשְׁתֶּן‬ ‫נוֹשַׁבְתֶּן‬ ‫הוֹשַׁבְתֶּן‬ ‫הוּשַׁבְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫שׁבְנוּ‬ ‫ָי ַ‪.‬‬ ‫יַָר‪.‬שְׁנוּ‬ ‫נוֹשׁ‪ַ.‬בְנוּ‬ ‫הוֹשַׁ‪.‬בְנוּ‬ ‫הוּשַׁ‪.‬בְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יֵשֵׁב‬ ‫יִיַרשׁ‬ ‫יִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫יוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫יוּשַׁב‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תֵּשֵׁב‬ ‫תִּיַרשׁ‬ ‫תִּוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫תּוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫תּוּשַׁב‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תֵּשֵׁב‬ ‫תִּיַרשׁ‬ ‫תִּוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫תּוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫תּוּשַׁב‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תֵּשְׁבִי‬ ‫תִּיְרשִׁי‬ ‫תִּוּ<שְׁבִי‬ ‫תּוֹשִׁ‪.‬יבִי‬ ‫תּוּשְׁבִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אֵשֵׁב‬ ‫אִיַרשׁ‬ ‫אִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫אוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫אוּשַׁב‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫יֵשְׁבוּ‬ ‫יִיְרשׁוּ‬ ‫יִוּ<שְׁבוּ‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬יבוּ‬ ‫יוֹ ִ‬ ‫יוּשְׁבוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תֵּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תִּיַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬ ‫תִּוָּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬‫תּוֹ ֵ‬ ‫תּוּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תֵּשְׁבוּ‬ ‫תִּיְרשׁוּ‬ ‫תִּוּ<שְׁבוּ‬ ‫תּוֹשִׁ‪.‬יבוּ‬ ‫תּוּשְׁבוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תֵּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תִּיַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬ ‫תִּוָּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תּוֹ ֵ‬ ‫תּוּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נֵשֵׁב‬ ‫נִיַרשׁ‬ ‫נִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫נוֹשִׁיב‬ ‫נוּשַׁב‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫שֵׁב‬ ‫ַרשׁ‬ ‫הִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫הוֹשֵׁב‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫שְׁבִי‬ ‫ְרשִׁי‬ ‫הִוּ<שְׁבִי‬ ‫הוֹשִׁ‪.‬יבִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫שְׁבוּ‬ ‫ְרשׁוּ‬ ‫הִוּ<שְׁבוּ‬ ‫הוֹשִׁ‪.‬יבוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫שֵׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫ַר‪.‬שְׁנָה‬ ‫הִוָּשַׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫שׁ‪.‬בְנָה‬
‫הוֹ ֵ‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫שׁ‪ֶ.‬בֶת‬ ‫ֶר‪.‬שֶׁת‬ ‫הִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫הוֹשִׁיב‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫יָשׁוֹב‬ ‫יָרוֹשׁ‬ ‫הִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫הוֹשֵׁב‬

‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫יֹשֵׁב‬ ‫יֵֹרשׁ‬ ‫מוֹשִׁיב‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ֹישׁ‪ֶ.‬בֶת‬ ‫יֶֹר‪.‬שֶׁת‬ ‫מוֹשׁ‪ֶ.‬בֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫שׁבִים‬
‫ֹי ְ‬ ‫יְֹרשִׁים‬ ‫מוֹשִׁיבִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫יֹשְׁבוֹת‬ ‫יְֹרשׁוֹת‬ ‫מוֹשִׁיבוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫נוֹשָׁב‬ ‫מוּשָׁב‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫נוֹשֶׁ‪.‬בֶת‬ ‫מוּשֶׁ‪.‬בֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫נוֹשָׁבִים‬ ‫מוּשָׁבִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫נוֹשָׁבוֹת‬ ‫מוּשָׁבוֹת‬
‫‪433‬‬
‫‪Biconsonantal Verbs‬‬
‫‪434‬‬
‫)‪-class‬וֹ( ‪ִ -class) Qal‬י( ‪ -class) Qal‬וּ( ‪Qal‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫ָקם‬ ‫שָׂם‬ ‫בָּא‬ ‫הִֵקים‬ ‫הוַּקם‬

‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ָק‪.‬מָה‬ ‫שׂ‪ָ.‬מָה‬ ‫בָּ‪.‬אָה‬ ‫הִֵק‪.‬ימָה‬ ‫הוְּקמָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫ַק‪.‬מְתָּ‬ ‫שַׂ‪.‬מְתָּ‬ ‫בּ‪ָ.‬אתָ‬ ‫הֲִקימ‪.‬וֹ ָת‬ ‫הוַּק‪.‬מְתָּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ַקמְתְּ‬ ‫שַׂמתְּ‬ ‫בָּאת‬ ‫הֲִקימוֹת‬ ‫הוַּקמְתְּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫ַק‪ְ .‬מתִּי‬ ‫שַׂ‪ְ .‬מתִּי‬ ‫בָּ‪.‬אתִי‬ ‫הֲִקימ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫הוַּק‪ְ .‬מתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫ָק‪.‬מוּ‬ ‫שָׂ‪.‬מוּ‬ ‫בּ‪ָ.‬אוּ‬ ‫הִֵק‪.‬ימוּ‬ ‫הוְּקמוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ַקמְתֶּם‬ ‫שׂ ְמתֶּם‬ ‫ַ‬ ‫בָּאתֶם‬ ‫הֲִקימוֹתֶם‬ ‫הוַּקמְתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ַקמְתֶּן‬ ‫שַׂמְתֶּן‬ ‫בָּאתֶן‬ ‫הֲִקימוֹתֶן‬ ‫הוַּקמְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫ַק‪.‬מְנוּ‬ ‫שׂ‪ַ.‬מְנוּ‬ ‫בָּ‪.‬אנוּ‬ ‫הֲִקימ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫הוַּק‪.‬מְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יָקוּם‬ ‫ָישִׂים‬ ‫יָבוֹא‬ ‫יִָקים‬ ‫יוַּקם‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תָּקוּם‬ ‫ָתּשִׂים‬ ‫תָּבוֹא‬ ‫תִָּקים‬ ‫תּוַּקם‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תָּקוּם‬ ‫ָתּשִׂים‬ ‫תָּבוֹא‬ ‫תִָּקים‬ ‫תּוַּקם‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תָּק‪.‬וּמִי‬ ‫תָּשׂ‪ִ.‬ימִי‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאִי‬ ‫תִָּק‪.‬ימִי‬ ‫תּוְּקמִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אָקוּם‬ ‫ָאשִׂים‬ ‫אָבוֹא‬ ‫אִָקים‬ ‫אוַּקם‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫ָיק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫ָישׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬ ‫יָב‪.‬וֹאוּ‬ ‫ָיִק‪.‬ימוּ‬ ‫יוְּקמוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תְּקוּמֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫ְתּשִׂימ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאנָה‬ ‫תְִּקימֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תּוַּק‪.‬מְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תָּק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫תָּשׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאוּ‬ ‫תִָּק‪.‬ימוּ‬ ‫תּוְּקמוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תְּקוּמֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫ְתּשִׂימ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תָּב‪.‬וֹאנָה‬ ‫תְִּקימֶ‪.‬ינָה‬ ‫תּוַּק‪.‬מְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נָקוּם‬ ‫ָנשִׂים‬ ‫נָבוֹא‬ ‫נִָקים‬ ‫נוַּקם‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫קוּם‬ ‫שִׂים‬ ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫הֵָקם‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫ק‪.‬וּמִי‬ ‫שׂ‪ִ.‬ימִי‬ ‫בּ‪.‬וֹאִי‬ ‫הִָק‪.‬ימִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ק‪.‬וּמוּ‬ ‫שׂ‪ִ.‬ימוּ‬ ‫בּ‪.‬וֹאוּ‬ ‫הִָק‪.‬ימוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ֹק‪.‬מְנָה‬ ‫הֵָק‪.‬מְנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫קוּם‬ ‫שִׂים‬ ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫הִָקים‬
‫‪Construct‬‬ ‫שׂוּם‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫קוֹם‬ ‫שׂוֹם‬ ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫הֵָקם‬
‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫ָקם‬ ‫שָׂם‬ ‫בָּא‬ ‫מִֵקים‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫ָקמָה‬ ‫שָׂמָה‬ ‫בָּאָה‬ ‫מְִקימָה‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫ָקמִים‬ ‫שׂמִים‬‫ָ‬ ‫בָּאִים‬ ‫מְִקימִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫ָקמוֹת‬ ‫שָׂמוֹת‬ ‫בָּאוֹת‬ ‫מְִקימוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫קוּם‬ ‫שִׂים‬ ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫מוָּקם‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫מוֶּק‪.‬מֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫מוָּקמִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫מוָּקמוֹת‬
‫‪435‬‬
‫‪Geminate Verbs‬‬
‫‪436‬‬
‫)‪Qal (1‬‬ ‫)‪Qal (2‬‬ ‫‪Niphal‬‬ ‫‪Piel‬‬ ‫‪Hiphil‬‬ ‫‪Hophal‬‬ ‫‪Hithpael‬‬
‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫סָבַב‬ ‫תַּם‬ ‫נָסַב‬ ‫הִלֵּל‬ ‫הֵסֵב‬ ‫הוּסַב‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫ס<בְבָה‬ ‫ַ‪.‬תּמָּה‬ ‫נָסַ‪.‬בָּה‬ ‫הִלְלָה‬ ‫הֵס‪ֵ.‬בַָּה‬ ‫הוּס‪ַ.‬בָּה‬ ‫הִתְפַּלְלָה‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫סַבּ‪.‬וֹ ָת‬ ‫תַּמּ‪.‬וֹ ָת‬ ‫נְסַבּ‪.‬וֹ ָת‬ ‫הִלַּ‪ְ .‬ל ָתּ‬ ‫הֲסִבּ‪.‬וֹ ָת‬ ‫הוּסַבּ‪.‬וֹ ָת‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּ ַ‪ּ.‬ל ְל ָתּ‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫סַבּוֹת‬ ‫תַּמּוֹת‬ ‫נְסַבּוֹת‬ ‫הִלַּלְ תְּ‬ ‫הֲסִבּוֹת‬ ‫הוּסַבּוֹת‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּ ַלּ ְל ְתּ‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫סַבּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫תַּמּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫נְסַבּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫הִלּ‪ְ ַ.‬לתִּי‬ ‫הֲסִבּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫הוּסַבּ‪.‬וֹתִי‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּ ַ‪ּ.‬ל ְלתִּי‬
‫‪3cp‬‬ ‫ס<בְבוּ‬ ‫ַתּ‪.‬מּוּ‬ ‫נָסַ‪.‬בּוּ‬ ‫הִלְלוּ‬ ‫הֵס‪ֵ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫הוּסַ‪.‬בּוּ‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּלְלוּ‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫סַבּוֹתֶם‬ ‫תַּמּוֹתֶם‬ ‫נְסַבּוֹתֶם‬ ‫ִה ַלּ ְלתֶּם‬ ‫הֲסִבּוֹתֶם‬ ‫הוּסַבּוֹתֶם‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּ ַלּ ְלתֶּם‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫סַבּוֹתֶן‬ ‫תַּמּוֹתֶן‬ ‫נְסַבּוֹתֶן‬ ‫הִלַּלְתֶּן‬ ‫הֲסִבּוֹתֶן‬ ‫הוּסַבּוֹתֶן‬ ‫הִתְפַּלַּלְתֶּן‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫סַבּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫תַּמּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫נְסַבּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫הִלַּ‪.‬לְנוּ‬ ‫הֲסִבּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫הוּסַבּ‪.‬וֹנוּ‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּ ַ‪ּ.‬ללְנוּ‬
‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪3ms‬‬ ‫יָסֹב‬ ‫ֵיתַם‬ ‫יִסַּב‬ ‫ְי ַהלֵּל‬ ‫יָסֵב‬ ‫יוּסַב‬ ‫ִי ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪3fs‬‬ ‫תָּסֹב‬ ‫ֵתּתַם‬ ‫תִּסַּב‬ ‫תְּהַלֵּל‬ ‫תָּסֵב‬ ‫תּוּסַב‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫תָּסֹב‬ ‫ֵתּתַם‬ ‫תִּסַּב‬ ‫תְּהַלֵּל‬ ‫תָּסֵב‬ ‫תּוּסַב‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַפּלֵּל‬

‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫תָּסֹ‪.‬בִּי‬ ‫ֵתּ ַ‪.‬תמִּי‬ ‫תִּסּ‪ַ.‬בִּי‬ ‫ְתּ ַה ְללִי‬ ‫תָּסֵ‪.‬בִּי‬ ‫תּוּסַ‪.‬בִּי‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַפּ ְללִי‬
‫‪1cs‬‬ ‫אָסֹב‬ ‫ֵאתַם‬ ‫אֶסַּב‬ ‫אֲהַלֵּל‬ ‫אָסֵב‬ ‫אוּסַב‬ ‫ֶא ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪3mp‬‬ ‫ָיס‪ֹ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫ֵי ַת‪.‬מּוּ‬ ‫ִיסּ‪ַ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫יְהַלְלוּ‬ ‫ָי ֵס‪.‬בּוּ‬ ‫יוּס‪ַ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫ִי ְת ַפּלְלוּ‬
‫‪3fp‬‬ ‫תְּסֻבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫ְתּ ַתמּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּסַּבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תְּהַלּ‪ֵ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְּסִבֶ‪ּ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תּוּסַבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַפּ ֵ‪.‬לּלְנָה‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫תָּס‪ֹ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫ֵתּ ַת‪.‬מּוּ‬ ‫תִּסּ‪ַ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫תְּהַלְלוּ‬ ‫תָּס‪ֵ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫תּוּסַ‪.‬בּוּ‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַפּלְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫תְּסֻבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫ְתּ ַתמּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תִּסַּבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תְּהַלּ‪ֵ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫תְּסִבֶ‪ּ.‬ינָה‬ ‫תּוּסַבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫ִתּ ְת ַפּ ֵ‪.‬לּלְנָה‬
‫‪1cp‬‬ ‫נָסֹב‬ ‫ֵנתַם‬ ‫נִסַּב‬ ‫נְהַלֵּל‬ ‫נָסֵב‬ ‫נוּסַב‬ ‫ִנ ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪Imperative‬‬ ‫‪2ms‬‬ ‫סֹב‬ ‫תַּם‬ ‫הִסַּב‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫הָסֵב‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪2fs‬‬ ‫סֹ‪.‬בִּי‬ ‫ַ‪.‬תּמִּי‬ ‫הִסּ‪ַ.‬בִּי‬ ‫ַה ְללִי‬ ‫הָסֵ‪.‬בִּי‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּ ְללִי‬
‫‪2mp‬‬ ‫ס‪ֹ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫ַתּ‪.‬מּוּ‬ ‫הִסּ‪ַ.‬בּוּ‬ ‫הַלְלוּ‬ ‫הָסֵ‪.‬בּוּ‬ ‫הִתְפַּלְלוּ‬
‫‪2fp‬‬ ‫ֹס‪.‬בְנָה‬ ‫תּ‪ַ.‬מְנָה‬ ‫הִסַּבּ‪ֶ.‬ינָה‬ ‫הַלּ‪ֵ.‬לְנָה‬ ‫הֲסִבֶ‪ּ.‬ינָה‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּלּ‪ֵ.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫סֹב‬ ‫תֹּם‬ ‫הִסֵּב‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫הָסֵב‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּלֵּל‬
‫‪Infinitive‬‬ ‫סָבוֹב‬ ‫תָּמוֹם‬ ‫הִסֹּב‬ ‫הַלֵּל‬ ‫הָסֵב‬ ‫ִה ְת ַפּלֵּל‬

‫‪Active‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫סֹבֵב‬ ‫תַּם‬ ‫מְהַלֵּל‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַפּלֵּל‬

‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫סֹבְבָה‬ ‫תַּמָּה‬ ‫מְהַלֶּ‪.‬לֶת‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַפּלּ‪ֶ.‬לֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫סֹבְבִים‬ ‫ַתּמִּים‬ ‫ְמ ַה ְלּלִים‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַפּ ְללִים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫סֹבְבוֹת‬ ‫תַּמּוֹת‬ ‫מְהַלְּלוֹת‬ ‫ִמ ְת ַפּלְלוֹת‬
‫‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪ms‬‬ ‫סָבוּב‬ ‫מוּסָב‬
‫‪Participle‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫סְבוּבָה‬ ‫מוּסֶ‪.‬בֶת‬
‫‪mp‬‬ ‫סְבוּבִים‬ ‫מוּסַבִּים‬
‫‪fp‬‬ ‫סְבוּבוֹת‬ ‫מוּסַבּוֹת‬
‫‪437‬‬
Answer Key 1
The Hebrew Alphabet

Write out, in order and from right to left, the 23 consonants of the Hebrew alphabet. Insert a
Daghesh Lene into the begadkephat letters.
‫אבּגּדּהוזחטיכּלמנסעפּצקרשׂשׁתּ‬
Give the final form for the following Hebrew consonants.
‫כ‬ ‫ך‬
‫מ‬ ‫ם‬
‫נ‬ ‫ן‬
‫פ‬ ‫ף‬
‫צ‬ ‫ץ‬
List the four Hebrew consonants that are called gutturals.
‫אהחע‬
Give the names and transliterate each of the following pairs of Hebrew consonants.
1. ‫ ב‬and ‫כ‬ Bet (∫) and Kaf (¬)
2. ‫ ג‬and ‫נ‬ Gimel (©) and Nun (n)
3. ‫ ה‬and ‫ח‬ He (h) and Óet (˙)
4. ‫ ח‬and ‫ת‬ Óet (˙) and Taw (®)
5. ‫ ך‬and ‫ן‬ Final Kaf (¬) and Final Nun (n)
6. ‫ ם‬and ‫ס‬ Final Mem (m) and Samek (s)
7. ‫ שׁ‬and ‫שׂ‬ Shin (¡) and Sin (∞)
8. ‫ א‬and ‫ע‬ Alef (<) and Ayin (>)
9. ‫ ט‬and ‫תּ‬ Tet (†) and Taw (t)
10. ‫ כּ‬and ‫ק‬ Kaf (k) and Qof (q)
11. ‫ ס‬and ‫שׂ‬ Samek (s) and Sin (∞)
12. ‫ צ‬and ‫ע‬ Tsade (ß) and Ayin (>)
13. ‫ ד‬and ‫ר‬ Dalet (ƒ) and Resh (r)
14. ‫ ו‬and ‫ז‬ Waw (w) and Zayin (z)
15. ‫ ו‬and ‫ן‬ Waw (w) and Final Nun (n)
1
Answer Key 1: The Hebrew Alphabet 2
Transliterate the following Hebrew nouns and proper names for which only the consonants
have been given.
1. ‫עבד‬ (servant) >∫ƒ

2. ‫אדם‬ (Adam, man) <ƒm
3. ‫ארץ‬ (earth) <rß
4. ‫זהב‬ (gold) zh∫
5. ‫כּסף‬ (silver) ksº
6. ‫צדק‬ (righteousness) ßƒq
7. ‫חדשׁ‬ (month) ˙ƒ¡
8. ‫דּבר‬ (word) d∫r
9. ‫שׁפט‬ (judge) ¡º†
10. ‫משׁכּן‬ (tabernacle) m¡kn
11. ‫אברהם‬ (Abraham) <∫rhm
12. ‫ישׂראל‬ (Israel) y∞r<l
13. ‫מלְך‬ (king) ml¬
14. ‫דּרְך‬ (road, way) dr¬
15. ‫מלאְך‬ (messenger) ml<¬
Answer Key 2
The Hebrew Vowels

Give the name and transliterate each of the following Hebrew vowels. For the purpose of
showing the position of the vowel, each appears with the consonant ‫( בּ‬Bet).
Vowel Vowel Name Transliteration
1. ֻ‫בּ‬ Qibbuts u
2. ‫ַבּ‬ Pathach a
3. ‫ֶבּ‬ Seghol e
4. ‫ִבּ‬ Hireq i
5. ‫ֵבּ‬ Tsere ∑
6. ‫ֹבּ‬ Holem ø
7. ‫ְבּ‬ Shewa #
8. ‫ֲבּ‬ Hateph Pathach á
9. ‫ֱבּ‬ Hateph Seghol é
10. ‫ֳבּ‬ Hateph Qamets ó
11. ‫בִּי‬ Hireq Yod ª
12. ‫בּוֹ‬ Holem Waw ô
13. ‫בּוּ‬ Shureq û
14. ‫בָּי‬ Qamets Yod â
15. ‫בֵּי‬ Tsere Yod ê
16. ‫בֶּי‬ Seghol Yod ê
17. ָ‫בּ‬ Qamets å
Qamets Hatuf o
3
Answer Key 2: The Hebrew Vowels 4
Transliterate the following Hebrew nouns.
1. ‫אָדָם‬ (man, Adam) <åƒåm

2. ‫זָהָב‬ (gold) zåhå∫
3. ‫ֶרץ‬.ֶ‫א‬ (earth) <ereß
4. ‫דָּבָר‬ (word) då∫år
5. ‫שֹׁפֵט‬ (judge) ¡øº∑†
6. ‫עַם‬ (people) >am
7. ‫הֵיכָל‬ (temple) hê¬ål
Identify each of the following proper names in English by sounding out the consonants and
vowels of the Hebrew word. Note that an initial ‫ י‬in a Hebrew proper name is usually rendered
by the English letter “J.”
1. ‫אַבְָרהָם‬ Abraham
2. ‫שָָׂרה‬ Sarah
3. ‫שְׁמוּאֵל‬ Samuel
4. ‫אַבְשָׁלוֹם‬ Absalom
5. ‫כְּנַ>עַן‬ Canaan
6. ‫יוֹסֵף‬ Joseph
7. ‫יוֹנָה‬ Jonah
8. ‫יְהוָּדה‬ Judah
9. ‫נָתָן‬ Nathan
10. ‫יְהוֹנָתָן‬ Jonathan
11. ‫בִּנְיָמִין‬ Benjamin
12. ‫יְַרֵדּן‬ Jordan
13. ‫בֶל‬.‫ֶה‬ Abel
14. ‫יִן‬.‫ַק‬ Cain
15. ‫אַהֲרוֹן‬ Aaron
16. ‫שָׁאוּל‬ Saul
17. ‫שְׁאוֹל‬ Sheol
18. ‫עֵלִי‬ Eli
19. ‫אִיּוֹב‬ Job
Answer Key 2: The Hebrew Vowels 5
20. ‫ָדּנִיֵּאל‬ Daniel

21. ‫חִזְִקיָּה‬ Hezekiah
22. ‫אֵלִיָּה‬ Elijah
23. ‫שְֹׁלמֹה‬ Solomon
24. ‫מֹשֶׁה‬ Moses
25. ‫ֵֶדן‬.‫ע‬ Eden
Answer Key 3
Syllabification and Pronunciation
Syllabify the following Hebrew words. Because of the technical difficulty of showing the
syllabification of words with Daghesh Forte, you will need to consult your instructor for those
forms. All other words have been syllabified below.
1. ‫אַבְָרהָם‬ ‫אַבְ|ָר|הָם‬
2. ‫ֶרת‬.ֶ‫גְּב‬ ‫|ֶרת‬.ֶ‫גְּ|ב‬
3. ‫חֻקָּה‬
4. ‫יַבָּשָׁה‬
5. ‫כַּאֲשֶׁר‬ ‫כַּ|אֲ|שֶׁר‬
6. ‫מִלְחָמָה‬ ‫מִלְ|חָ|מָה‬
7. ‫ְראוּבֵן‬ ‫ְר|אוּ|בֵן‬
8. ‫חֵיק‬ ‫חֵיק‬
9. ‫אוִּריָּה‬
10. ‫שְׁבוּעָה‬ ‫שְׁ|בוּ|עָה‬
11. ‫אֲנַ>חְנוּ‬ ‫אֲ|נַ>חְ|נוּ‬
12. ‫תְּפִלָּה‬
13. ‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ ‫תּוֹ|רוֹת‬
14. ‫מִתּוְֹך‬
15. ‫יְלָה‬.‫ַל‬ ‫יְ|לָה‬.‫ַל‬
16. ‫ַעַן‬. ‫לְמ‬ ‫ַ|עַן‬.‫לְ|מ‬
17. ‫יִם‬.‫מִצְַר‬ ‫יִם‬.‫מִצְ|ַר‬
18. ‫הִתְפַּלֵּל‬
19. ‫מְמַלְּאוֹת‬
20. ‫חַטָּאת‬
21. ‫מִלֵּאת‬
22. ‫יִם‬.‫פַּעֲ ַמ‬ ‫יִם‬.‫פַּ|עֲ| ַמ‬
6
Answer Key 3: Syllabification and Pronunciation 7
23. ‫וַתְּשַׁלַּח‬
24. ‫מָעֳמָד‬ ‫מָ|עֳ|מָד‬
25. ‫הַמֹּצְאוֹת‬
26. ‫וַיְַקנְאוּ‬ ‫וַיְ|ַקנְ|אוּ‬
27. ‫מְַרגֵּל‬
28. ‫וַיִּתְחַבְּאוּ‬
29. ‫נֶאֶמְנוּ‬ ‫נֶ|אֶמְ|נוּ‬
30. ‫יִוַָּדע‬
Identify each Daghesh (Forte or Lene) and Shewa (Silent or Vocal) in the following words.
1. ‫בְָּרכָה‬ Daghesh Lene in ‫ב‬ Vocal Shewa under ‫ב‬
2. ‫אִשָּׁה‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫שׁ‬
3. ‫חַטָּאת‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ט‬
4. ‫בּ<תִּים‬ Daghesh Lene in ‫ב‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ת‬
5. ‫נוּ‬.ָ‫אִתּ‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ת‬
6. ‫חֻקָּה‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ק‬
7. ‫כִּסֵּה‬ Daghesh Lene in ‫כ‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ס‬

8. ‫מַלְכָּה‬ Daghesh Lene in ‫כ‬ Silent Shewa under ‫ל‬
9. ‫מִשְׁפָּט‬ Daghesh Lene in ‫פ‬ Silent Shewa under ‫שׁ‬
10. ‫אַתָּה‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ת‬
11. ‫דָּבָר‬ Daghesh Lene in ‫ד‬
12. ‫אוִּריָּה‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫י‬
13. ‫נָּה‬.ֵ‫אַתּ‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ת‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫נ‬

14. ‫ְקטַנִּים‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫נ‬ Vocal Shewa under ‫ק‬
15. ‫הִגִּיד‬ Daghesh Forte in ‫ג‬

Answer Key 4
Hebrew Nouns
Parsing.
Gender Number Lexical Form Translation

1. ‫ְדּבִָרים‬ masculine plural ‫דָּבָר‬ words
2. ‫שֹׁפְטִים‬ masculine plural ‫שֹׁפֵט‬ judges
3. ‫יִם‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬ masculine dual ‫יִם‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬ heavens
4. ‫יֶ>לֶד‬ masculine singular ‫יֶ>לֶד‬ boy
5. ‫יַלְָדּה‬ feminine singular ‫יַלְָדּה‬ girl
6. ‫סוּס‬ masculine singular ‫סוּס‬ horse
7. ‫סוּסָה‬ feminine singular ‫סוּסָה‬ mare
8. ‫ֶֶרת‬.‫מִשְׁמ‬ feminine singular ‫ֶֶרת‬.‫מִשְׁמ‬ obligation
9. ‫מִשְׁמָרוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫ֶֶרת‬.‫מִשְׁמ‬ obligations
10. ‫לְֶך‬.‫ֶמ‬ masculine singular ‫לְֶך‬.‫ֶמ‬ king
11. ‫מַלְכָּה‬ feminine singular ‫מַלְכָּה‬ queen
12. ‫מְלָכִים‬ masculine plural ‫לְֶך‬.‫ֶמ‬ kings
13. ‫מְלָכוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫מַלְכָּה‬ queens
14. ‫בַּת‬ feminine singular ‫בַּת‬ daughter
15. ‫בָּנוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫בַּת‬ daughters
16. ‫עַר‬.‫שׁ‬ ַ masculine singular ‫עַר‬.‫שׁ‬ַ gate
17. ‫עֲבִָדים‬ masculine plural ‫בֶד‬.ֶ‫ע‬ servants
18. ‫יוֹם‬ masculine singular ‫יוֹם‬ day
19. ‫יָמִים‬ masculine plural ‫יוֹם‬ days
20. ‫יִם‬.ַ‫יוֹמ‬ masculine dual ‫יוֹם‬ two days
21. ‫נָבִיא‬ masculine singular ‫נָבִיא‬ prophet
22. ‫תּוָֹרה‬ feminine singular ‫תּוָֹרה‬ law
23. ‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫תּוָֹרה‬ laws
24. ‫אִישׁ‬ masculine singular ‫אִישׁ‬ man
25. ‫אֲנָשִׁים‬ masculine plural ‫אִישׁ‬ men
8
Answer Key 4: Hebrew Nouns 9
Feminine Nouns. Identify which of the following nouns are feminine.
1. ‫אִשָּׁה‬ (woman) feminine
2. ‫נָשִׁים‬ (women) feminine
3. ‫שֶׁת‬.‫ֶק‬ (bow) feminine
4. ‫עַת‬.ּ‫ַד‬ (knowledge) feminine
5. ‫ֶֶרץ‬.‫א‬ (land) feminine
6. ‫בֶן‬.‫ֶא‬ (stone) feminine
7. ‫ֶֶרת‬.‫תִּפְא‬ (glory) feminine
8. ‫חָכְמָה‬ (wisdom) feminine
9. ‫עִיר‬ (city) feminine
10. ‫עִָרים‬ (cities) feminine
Segholate Nouns. Which of the following nouns are Segholates (4.8.3)?
1. ‫בֶן‬.‫ֶא‬ (stone) Segholate
2. ‫זֵָקן‬ (old man)
3. ‫עָנָן‬ (cloud)
4. ‫פֶר‬.‫ֵס‬ (book) Segholate
5. ‫נָהָר‬ (river)
6. ‫שָׁכֵן‬ (neighbor)
7. ‫זֶ>ַרע‬ (seed) Segholate
8. ‫ַנ>עַר‬ (young man) Segholate
9. ‫כֹּהֵן‬ (priest)
10. ‫צֶם‬.ֶ‫ע‬ (bone) Segholate

‫‪Answer Key 4: Hebrew Nouns‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Advanced Exercise: Part 1. Pluralize each of the following nouns.‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫בּוֹר‬ ‫וֹת ‪(pit) +‬‬ ‫בּוֹרוֹת‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫סוּס‬ ‫ִים ‪(horse) +‬‬ ‫סוּסִים‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫חֲלוֹם‬ ‫וֹת ‪(dream) +‬‬ ‫חֲלוֹמוֹת‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ְרחוֹב‬ ‫וֹת ‪(street) +‬‬ ‫ְרחוֹבוֹת‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫גְּבוּל‬ ‫ִים ‪(boundary) +‬‬ ‫גְּבוּלִים‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫נָבִיא‬ ‫ִים ‪(prophet) +‬‬ ‫נְבִיאִים‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫נָהָָר‬ ‫וֹת ‪(river) +‬‬ ‫נְהָרוֹת‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫צָבָא‬ ‫וֹת ‪(army) +‬‬ ‫צְבָאוֹת‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫זֵָקן‬ ‫ִים ‪(old man, elder) +‬‬ ‫זְֵקנִים‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫לֵבָב‬ ‫וֹת ‪(heart) +‬‬ ‫לְבָבוֹת‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫עָנָן‬ ‫ִים ‪(cloud) +‬‬ ‫עֲנָנִים‬
‫‪12.‬‬ ‫עֵנָב‬ ‫ִים ‪(grape) +‬‬ ‫עֲנָבִים‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫חָצֵר‬ ‫וֹת ‪(courtyard) +‬‬ ‫חֲצֵרוֹת‬
‫‪14.‬‬ ‫ֶדּ‪ֶ.‬רְך‬ ‫ִים ‪(way, road) +‬‬ ‫ְדָּרכִים‬
‫‪15.‬‬ ‫מִזְבֵּחַ‬ ‫וֹת ‪(altar) +‬‬ ‫מִזְבְּחוֹת‬
‫‪16.‬‬ ‫מִשְׁפָּט‬ ‫ִים ‪(judgement) +‬‬ ‫מִשְׁפָּטִים‬
‫‪17.‬‬ ‫כּוֹכָב‬ ‫ִים ‪(star) +‬‬ ‫כּוֹכָבִים‬
‫‪18.‬‬ ‫ֵס‪.‬פֶר‬ ‫ִים ‪(book) +‬‬ ‫סְפִָרים‬
‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ֶמ‪.‬לְֶך‬ ‫ִים ‪(king) +‬‬ ‫מְלָכִים‬
‫‪20.‬‬ ‫נַ>עַר‬ ‫ִים ‪(young man) +‬‬ ‫נְעִָרים‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫זֶ>ַרע‬ ‫ִים ‪(seed) +‬‬ ‫זְָרעִים‬
‫‪22.‬‬ ‫בֹּ‪ֶ.‬קר‬ ‫ִים ‪(morning) +‬‬ ‫בְָּקִרים‬
‫‪23.‬‬ ‫ח‪ֶֶ.‬רב‬ ‫וֹת ‪(sword) +‬‬ ‫חֲָרבוֹת‬
‫‪24.‬‬ ‫א‪ֶֶ.‬רץ‬ ‫וֹת ‪(land) +‬‬ ‫אֲָרצוֹת‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫נֵ>ֶדר‬ ‫ִים ‪(vow) +‬‬ ‫נְָדִרים‬
Answer Key 4: Hebrew Nouns 11
Advanced Exercise: Part 2. Pluralize the following nouns that are irregular in their pluralization
(4.8.5).
1. ‫אִשָּׁה‬ (woman) ‫נָשִׁים‬

2. ‫אִישׁ‬ (man) ‫אֲנָשִׁים‬
3. ‫אָב‬ (father) ‫אָבוֹת‬
4. ‫בַּת‬ (daughter) ‫בָּנוֹת‬
5. ‫ַבּ>יִת‬ (house) ‫בּ<תִּים‬
6. ‫עִיר‬ (city) ‫עִָרים‬
7. ‫בֵּן‬ (son) ‫בָּנִים‬
8. ‫יָד‬ (hand) ‫יָדוֹת‬
Answer Key 5
Definite Article and Conjunction Waw
Definite Article. Prefix the definite article to each of the following nouns and then translate
the form.
1. ‫( אִישׁ‬a man) ‫הָאִישׁ‬ the man
2. ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫( מ‬a king) ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫הַמּ‬ the king
3. ‫( אִשָּׁה‬a woman) ‫הָאִשָּׁה‬ the woman
4. ‫יִת‬.ַ‫( בּ‬a house) ‫יִת‬.ַ‫הַבּ‬ the house
5. ‫פֶר‬.‫ֵס‬ (a book) ‫פֶר‬.‫הַ ֵסּ‬ the book
6. ‫ֶרְך‬.ּ‫( ֶד‬a road) ‫ֶרְך‬.ּ‫הֶַד‬ the road
7. ‫( נַ>עַר‬a young man) ‫הַנַּ>עַר‬ the young man
8. ‫ֶֶרב‬.‫( ח‬a sword) ‫ֶֶרב‬.‫הַח‬ the sword
9. ‫( הֵיכָל‬a temple) ‫הַהֵיכָל‬ the temple
10. ‫( כֹּהֵן‬a priest) ‫הַכֹּהֵן‬ the priest
11. ‫( חוֹמָה‬a wall) ‫הַחוֹמָה‬ the wall
12. ‫( מְַרגְּלִים‬spies) ‫הַמְַרגְּלִים‬ the spies
13. ‫( יְלִָדים‬boys) ‫הַיְלִָדים‬ the boys
14. ‫( אֲבָנִים‬stones) ‫הָאֲבָנִים‬ the stones
15. ‫( עָפָר‬dust) ‫הֶעָפָר‬ the dust
16. ‫( עִיר‬a city) ‫הָעִיר‬ the city
17. ‫( עִָרים‬cities) ‫הֶעִָרים‬ the cities
18. ‫( ֹראשׁ‬a head) ‫הָֹראשׁ‬ the head
19. ‫( שָׁנָה‬a year) ‫הַשָּׁנָה‬ the year
20. ‫( תּוָֹרה‬a law) ‫הַתּוָֹרה‬ the law
12
Answer Key 5: Definite Article and Conjunction Waw 13
Conjunction. Prefix the conjunction ְ‫ ו‬to the following forms and then translate (5.7).
1. ‫שֹׁפֵט‬ (a judge) ‫וְשֹׁפֵט‬ and a judge
2. ‫הַשֹּׁפֵט‬ (the judge) ‫וְהַשֹּׁפֵט‬ and the judge
3. ‫בְִּרית‬ (a covenant) ‫וּבְִרית‬ and a covenant
4. ‫אֱֹדם‬ (Edom) ‫וֶאֱֹדם‬ and Edom
5. ‫מִשְׁפָּט‬ (a judgement) ‫וּמִשְׁפָּט‬ and a judgement
6. ‫בֵּן‬ (a son) ‫וּבֵן‬ and a son
7. ‫הָעֵצִים‬ (the trees) ‫וְהָעֵצִים‬ and the trees
8. ‫חֲמוֹר‬ (a donkey) ‫וַחֲמוֹר‬ and a donkey
9. ‫אֱֹלהִים‬ (God) ‫וֵאֹלהִים‬ and God
10. ‫תְּפִלָּה‬ (a prayer) ‫וּתְפִלָּה‬ and a prayer
11. ‫יִת‬.ַ‫בּ‬ (a house) ‫יִת‬.ַ‫וּב‬ and a house
12. ‫הַשָּׁ ַמ>יִם‬ (the heavens) ‫וְהַשָּׁ ַמ>יִם‬ and the heavens
13. ‫הָאָָדם‬ (the man) ‫וְהָאָָדם‬ and the man
14. ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫מ‬ (a king) ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫וּמ‬ and a king
15. ‫מַלְכָּה‬ (a queen) ‫וּמַלְכָּה‬ and a queen
16. ‫פְִּרי‬ (fruit) ‫וּפְִרי‬ and fruit
17. ‫הַנָּבִיא‬ (the prophet) ‫וְהַנָּבִיא‬ and the prophet
18. ‫יְהוָּדה‬ (Judah) ‫וִיהוָּדה‬ and Judah
19. ‫בֵּין‬ (between) ‫וּבֵין‬ and between
20. ‫חֲלוֹם‬ (a dream) ‫וַחֲלוֹם‬ and a dream

Answer Key 5: Definite Article and Conjunction Waw 14
Bible Translation.
the heavens and the earth (Gen 2:1) ‫וְהָאֶָרץ‬ ‫הַשָּׁמַיִם‬ (1)
and the sheep and the cattle (Gen 33:13) ‫וְהַבָּקָר‬ ‫וְהַצֹּאן‬ (2)
the cloud and the darkness (Ex 14:20) ‫וְהַחֹשְֶׁך‬ ‫הֶעָנָן‬ (3)
and the priests and the people (Ex 19:24) ‫וְהָעָם‬ ‫וְהַכֹּהֲנִים‬ (4)
and the law and the commandment (Ex 24:12) ‫וְהַמִּצְוָה‬ ‫וְהַתּוָֹרה‬ (5)
and the priests and the prophets (2 Kgs 23:2) ‫וְהַנְּבִיאִים‬ ‫וְהַכֹּהֲנִים‬ (6)
and the prophet and the priest and the people (Jer 23:34) ‫וְהָעָם‬ ‫וְהַנָּבִיא וְהַכֹּהֵן‬ (7)
and the light and the moon and the stars (Eccl 12:2) ‫וְהַכּוֹכָבִים‬ ַ‫וְהָאוֹר וְהַיֵָּרח‬ (8)
the king and the queen (Esther 7:6) ‫וְהַמַּלְכָּה‬ ‫הַמֶּלְֶך‬ (9)
Answer Key 6
Hebrew Prepositions
Inseparable Prepositions. Translate the following nouns with inseparable prepositions.
1. ‫בְּשֶָׂדה‬ in a field
2. ‫בַּשֶָּׂדה‬ in the field
3. ‫ֶרץ‬.ֶ‫בְּא‬ in a land
4. ‫ֶָרץ‬.‫בָּא‬ in the land
5. ‫לְעִיר‬ to a city
6. ‫לָעִיר‬ to the city
7. ‫בְּהֵיכָל‬ in a temple
8. ‫בַּהֵיכָל‬ in the temple
9. ‫לְאִשָּׁה‬ to (for) a woman
10. ‫לָאִשָּׁה‬ to (for) the woman
Prepositions. Translate the following prepositional phrases.
1. ‫בְּתוְֹך הַנָּהָר‬ in the midst of the river
2. ‫ֶֹקר‬.‫עַד–הַבּ‬ until the morning
3. ‫בְּתוְֹך הָעִיר‬ in the midst of the city
4. ‫לְֶך‬.‫עַל–ְדּבַר הַ ֶמּ‬ on account of the king
5. ‫לִפְנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים‬ before the prophets
6. ַ‫עַל הַמִּזְבֵּח‬.‫מִ ַמּ‬ from above (upon) the altar
7. ‫עַד–הַיּוֹם‬ until the day
8. ‫עַל–פְּנֵי הַשֹּׁפֵט‬ before the judge
9. ‫מִפְּנֵי הָאִשָּׁה‬ from the presence of the woman
10. ‫לִפְנֵי הַמְּלָכִים‬ in the presence of the kings
11. ַ‫עַל–הַמִּזְבֵח‬ upon the altar
15
Answer Key 6: Hebrew Prepositions 16
12. ‫אֶל–הֶעִָרים‬ to the cities
13. ‫מִתּוְֹך הֶעָנָן‬ from the midst of the cloud(s)
14. ‫מִן–הַנָּבִיא‬ from the prophet
15. ‫מֵהַנָּבִיא‬ from the prophet
16. ‫מִנָּבִיא‬ from a prophet
17. ‫בְּתוְֹך הַשֶָּׂדה‬ in the midst of the field
18. ‫ֶרץ‬.ָ‫יִם וּבֵין הָא‬.ַ‫בֵּין הַשָּׁמ‬ between the heavens and (between) the earth
19. ‫בֵּין הֶהִָרים וּבֵין הַיָּם‬ between the mountains and (between) the sea
20. ‫מֵהָאֲנָשִׁים‬ from the men
Hebrew Composition. Write in Hebrew the following prepositional phrases using the
inseparable prepositions ְ‫( בּ‬in), ְ‫( ל‬to) and ְ‫( כּ‬like).
1. like a king ‫לְֶך‬.‫כְּ ֶמ‬

2. like the king ‫לְֶך‬.‫כַּ ֶמּ‬
3. to a man ‫לְאִישׁ‬
4. to the man ‫לָאִישׁ‬
5. in a gate ‫עַר‬.ַ‫בְּשׁ‬
6. in the gate ‫עַר‬.ַ‫בַּשּׁ‬
7. like a judge ‫כְּשֹׁפֵט‬
8. like the judge ‫כַּשֹּׁפֵט‬
9. in a land ‫ֶרץ‬.ֶ‫בְּא‬
10. in the land ‫ֶרץ‬.ָ‫בָּא‬
Answer Key 6: Hebrew Prepositions 17
Bible Translation.
in the midst of the garden (Gen 3:3) ‫בְּתוְֹך–הַגָּן‬ (1)
between me and (between) the earth (Gen 9:13) ‫הָאֶָרץ‬ ‫בֵּינִי וּבֵין‬ (2)
in the midst of the field (Gen 37:7) ‫הַשֶָּׂדה‬ ‫בְּתוְֹך‬ (3)
in the house and in the field (Gen 39:5) ‫וּבַשֶָּׂדה‬ ‫בַּבַּיִת‬ (4)
from the midst of the cloud (Ex 24:16) ‫הֶעָנָן‬ ‫מִתּוְֹך‬ (5)
from the presence of the Lord (Jonah 1:3) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫מִלִּפְנֵי‬ (6)
upon all flesh (Joel 3:1 [English 2:28]) ‫עַל–כָּל–בָּשָׂר‬ (7)
from the ground (Gen 4:10) ‫מִן–הָאֲָדמָה‬ (8)
from everlasting to everlasting (Neh 9:5) ‫עַד–הָעוֹלָם‬ ‫מִן–הָעוֹלָם‬ (9)
after these things (Gen 15:1) ‫הָאֵלֶּה‬ ‫אַחַר הְַדּבִָרים‬ (10)

Answer Key 7
Hebrew Adjectives
Parsing.
Gender Number Lexical Form
1. ‫טוֹבָה‬ feminine singular ‫טוֹב‬

2. ‫גְּדוֹלִים‬ masculine plural ‫גָּדוֹל‬
3. ‫חֲכָמוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫חָכָם‬
4. ‫יְשָָׁרה‬ feminine singular ‫יָשָׁר‬
5. ‫צִַדּיִקים‬ masculine plural ‫צִַדּיק‬
6. ‫ָקשֶׁה‬ masculine singular ‫ָקשֶׁה‬
7. ‫ָקשָׁה‬ feminine singular ‫ָקשֶׁה‬
8. ‫זְֵקנִים‬ masculine plural ‫זֵָקן‬
9. ‫ָקדוֹשׁ‬ masculine singular ‫ָקדוֹשׁ‬
10. ‫חֲכָמָה‬ feminine singular ‫חָכָם‬
11. ‫יְשִָׁרים‬ masculine plural ‫יָשָׁר‬
12. ‫ַרע‬ masculine singular ‫ַרע‬
13. ‫ָרעִים‬ masculine plural ‫ַרע‬
14. ‫ְרשָׁעִים‬ masculine plural ‫ָרשָׁע‬
15. ‫ַדּלָּה‬ feminine singular ‫ַדּל‬
16. ‫ַדּלּוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫ַדּל‬
17. ‫ַרב‬ masculine singular ‫ַרב‬
18. ‫ַרבִּים‬ masculine plural ‫ַרב‬
19. ‫חֲָדשׁוֹת‬ feminine plural ‫חָָדשׁ‬
20. ‫ָרעָה‬ feminine singular ‫ַרע‬
18
Answer Key 7: Hebrew Adjectives 19
Translation. Translate the following phrases and identify the use of the adjective (attributive,
predicative or substantive).
Translation Usage
1. ‫פֶר הַטּוֹב‬.‫הַ ֵסּ‬ the good book attributive
2. ‫פֶר‬.‫טוֹב הַ ֵסּ‬ the book is good predicative
3. ‫פֶר טוֹב‬.ֵ‫הַסּ‬ the book is good predicative
4. ‫ֶרץ הַטּוֹבָה‬.ָ‫הָא‬ the good land attributive
5. ‫ֶרץ‬. ָ‫טוֹבָה הָא‬ the land is good predicative
6. ‫יְשָָׁרה הַתּוָֹרה‬ the law is just predicative
7. ‫הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים הַגְּדוֹלִים‬ the great judgements attributive
8. ‫הֶחָכָם‬ the wise man or the wise one substantive
9. ‫הַכֹּהֲנִים הַצִַּדּיִקים‬ the righteous priests attributive
10. ‫הָעֲבִָדים הָָרעִים‬ the wicked servants attributive
11. ‫ָרעִים הָעֲבִָדים‬ the servants are wicked predicative
12. ‫הָעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה‬ the great city attributive
13. ‫גְּדוֹלָה הָעִיר‬ the city is great predicative
14. ‫הָאִשָּׁה יָפָה‬ the woman is beautiful predicative
15. ‫חֲכָמִים הָאֲנָשִׁים‬ the men are wise predicative
Inflecting Adjectives. Give the full inflection (ms, mp, fs, fp) for the following adjectives.
1. ‫( טוֹב‬good)
ms ‫טוֹב‬ fs ‫טוֹבָה‬
mp ‫טוֹבִים‬ fp ‫טוֹבוֹת‬
2. ‫( ָקדוֹשׁ‬holy)
ms ‫ָקדוֹשׁ‬ fs ‫ְקדוֹשָׁה‬
mp ‫ְקדוֹשִׁים‬ fp ‫ְקדוֹשׁוֹת‬
3. ‫( יָשָׁר‬just, upright)
ms ‫יָשָׁר‬ fs ‫יְשָָׁרה‬
mp ‫יְשִָׁרים‬ fp ‫יְשָׁרוֹת‬
4. ‫( חָכָם‬wise)
ms ‫חָכָם‬ fs ‫חֲכָמָה‬
mp ‫חֲכָמִים‬ fp ‫חֲכָמוֹת‬
5. ‫( כָּבֵד‬heavy)
ms ‫כָּבֵד‬ fs ‫כְּבֵָדה‬
mp ‫כְּבִֵדים‬ fp ‫כְּבֵדוֹת‬
6. ‫( ָרשָׁע‬wicked, evil)
ms ‫ָרשָׁע‬ fs ‫ְרשָׁעָה‬
mp ‫ְרשָׁעִים‬ fp ‫ְרשָׁעוֹת‬
7. ‫( ַרע‬evil)
ms ‫ַרע‬ fs ‫ָרעָה‬
mp ‫ָרעִים‬ fp ‫ָרעוֹת‬
8. ‫( ַרב‬much, many)
ms ‫ַרב‬ fs ‫ַרבָּה‬
mp ‫ַרבִּים‬ fp ‫ַרבּוֹת‬
9. ‫( יָפֶה‬beautiful)
ms ‫יָפֶה‬ fs ‫יָפָה‬
mp ‫יָפִים‬ fp ‫יָפוֹת‬
10. ‫( ָקשֶׁה‬difficult)
ms ‫ָקשֶׁה‬ fs ‫ָקשָׁה‬
mp ‫ָקשִׁים‬ fp ‫ָקשׁוֹת‬
Bible Translation. Only complete Hebrew verses will be punctuated as sentences in the English
translations.
a new king over Egypt (Ex 1:8) ‫עַל–מִצְָריִם‬ ‫מֶלְֶך–חָָדשׁ‬ (1)
a very shrewd man (2 Sam 13:3) ‫מְאֹד‬ ‫אִישׁ חָכָם‬ (2)
and I called in a great voice (Gen 39:14) ‫גָּדוֹל‬ ‫וָאְֶקָרא בְּקוֹל‬ (3)
a beautiful woman (Prov 11:22) ‫יָפָה‬ ‫אִשָּׁה‬ (4)
beautiful women (Job 42:15) ‫יָפוֹת‬ ‫נָשִׁים‬ (5)
good and just is the Lord (Ps 25:8) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫טוֹב–וְיָשָׁר‬ (6)
a new covenant (Jer 31:31) ‫חֲָדשָׁה‬ ‫בְִּרית‬ (7)
Nineveh, the great city (Jonah 1:2) ‫הַגְּדוֹלָה‬ ‫נִינְוֵה הָעִיר‬ (8)
other gods (Ex 20:3) ‫אֲחִֵרים‬ ‫אֱֹלהִים‬ (9)
an everlasting covenant (Ex 31:16) ‫עוֹלָם‬ ‫בְִּרית‬ (10)
the great (high) priest (Hag 1:14) ‫הַגָּדוֹל‬ ‫הַכֹּהֵן‬ (11)
the Lord is great (Ps 48:2 [English 48:1]) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫גָּדוֹל‬ (12)
a new song (Ps 40:4 [English 40:3]) ‫חָָדשׁ‬ ‫שִׁיר‬ (13)
Sing to the Lord a new song; (Ps 96:1) ‫כָּל–הָאֶָרץ‬ ‫שִׁירוּ לַיהוָה שִׁיר חָָדשׁ שִׁירוּ לַיהוָה‬ (14)
Sing to the Lord, all the earth.
Answer Key 8
Hebrew Pronouns
Translation: Part 1. Translate the following verbless sentences.
He is the upright judge. ‫הוּא הַשֹּׁפֵט הַיָּשָׁר‬ (1)
You (ms) are an upright and good king. ‫לְֶך יָשָׁר וְטוֹב‬.‫אַתָּה ֶמ‬ (2)
I am a righteous prophet. ‫אֲנִי נָבִיא צִַדּיק‬ (3)
You (fs) are a beautiful woman. ‫אַתְּ אִשָּׁה יָפָה‬ (4)
She is the wise and righteous woman. ‫הִיא הָאִשָּׁה הַחֲכָמָה וְהַצִַּדּיָקה‬ (5)
You (mp) are the poor men. ‫אַתֶּם הָאֲנָשִׁים הַַדּלִּים‬ (6)
They (mp) are the wicked men. ‫הֵם הָאֲנָשִׁים הָָרעִים‬ (7)
They (fp) are the wicked cities. ‫הֵנָּה הֶעִָרים הָָרעוֹת‬. (8)
We are in the great city. ‫אֲ >נַחְנוּ בָּעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה‬ (9)
You (fp) are the wise women. ‫אַתֶּן הַנָּשִׁים הַחֲכָמוֹת‬ (10)
Translation: Part 2. Translate the following phrases and identify the demonstrative in each as
either a demonstrative adjective or a demonstrative pronoun.
These judges are upright. (adjective) ‫אֵלֶּה‬. ָ‫יְשִָׁרים הַשֹּׁפְטִים ה‬ (1)
These are the upright judges. (pronoun) ‫אלֶּה הַשֹּׁפְטִים הַיְשִָׁרים‬.ֵ (2)
This is the good land. (pronoun) ‫אֶָרץ הַטּוֹבָה‬. ָ‫זֹאת ה‬ (3)
This land is good. (adjective) ‫ָאֶָרץ הַזֹּאת‬. ‫טוֹבָה ה‬ (4)
Those cities are wicked. (adjective) ‫הֵנָּה‬. ָ‫ְרשָׁעוֹת הֶעִָרים ה‬ (5)
Those are the wicked cities. (pronoun) ‫הֵנָּה הֶעִָרים הְָרשָׁעוֹת‬. (6)
That is the righteous and upright king. (pronoun) ‫מֶּלְֶך הַצִַּדּיק וְהַיָּשָׁר‬. ַ‫הוּא ה‬ (7)
That king is righteous and upright. (adjective) ‫ֶלְֶך הַהוּא‬.‫צִַדּיק וְיָשָׁר הַמּ‬ (8)
This is the wise prophet. (pronoun) ‫זֶה הַנָּבִיא הֶחָכָם‬ (9)
This prophet is wise. (adjective) ‫חָכָם הַנָּבִיא הַזֶּה‬ (10)
22
Answer Key 8: Hebrew Pronouns 23
Translation: Part 3. Translate the following sentences which illustrate the comparative use of
the preposition ‫ מִן‬.
This servant is more righteous than that king. ‫לְֶך הַהוּא‬. ֶ‫עֶבֶד הַזֶּה מֵהַמּ‬. ָ‫צִַדּיק ה‬ (1)
The priest is more upright than this king. ‫מֶּלְֶך הַזֶּה‬. ַ‫יָשָׁר הַכֹּהֵן מִן–ה‬ (2)
The elders are wiser than the wicked prophets. ‫חֲכָמִים הַזְֵּקנִים מֵהַנְּבִיאִים הָָרעִים‬ (3)
This land is greater than that land. ‫אֶָרץ הַהִיא‬. ָ‫אֶָרץ הַזֹּאת מֵה‬. ָ‫גְּדוֹלָה ה‬ (4)
The judgement is too difficult for the people. ‫קָשֶׁה הַמִּשְׁפָּט מִן–הָעָם‬ (5)
translations.
after these things (Gen 22:1) ‫הָאֵלֶּה‬ ‫אַחַר הְַדּבִָרים‬ (1)
according to these words (Gen 39:17) ‫הָאֵלֶּה‬ ‫כְַּדּבִָרים‬ (2)
these are the words that Moses spoke (Deut 1:1) ‫מֹשֶׁה‬ ‫אֵלֶּה הְַדּבִָרים אֲשֶׁר ִדּבֶּר‬ (3)
and this is the commandment (Deut 6:1) ‫הַמִּצְוָה‬ ‫וְזֹאת‬ (4)
until this day (2 Kgs 16:6) ‫הַזֶּה‬ ‫עַד הַיּוֹם‬ (5)
and you are the Lord God (Ps 59:6 [English 59:5]) ‫אֱֹלהִים‬ ‫וְאַתָּה יְהוָה‬ (6)
I am the Lord your God (Isa 48:17) ‫אֱֹלהֶיָך‬ ‫אֲנִי יְהוָה‬ (7)
he is our God (Josh 24:18) ‫אֱֹלהֵינוּ‬ ‫הוּא‬ (8)
this is the day the Lord has made (Ps 118:24) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫זֶה–הַיּוֹם עָשָׂה‬ (9)
all these kings (Josh 10:42) ‫הָאֵלֶּה‬ ‫כָּל–הַמְּלָכִים‬ (10)
these great signs (Josh 24:17) ‫הָאֵלֶּה‬ ‫הָאֹתוֹת הַגְֹּדלוֹת‬ (11)
and where is the lamb? (Gen 22:7) ‫הַשֶּׂה‬ ‫וְאַיֵּה‬ (12)
what is this you have done? (what have you done?) (Gen 12:18) ָ‫עָשִׂית‬ ‫מַה–זֹּאת‬ (13)
this is my name forever (Ex 3:15) ‫לְעֹלָם‬ ‫זֶה–שְּׁמִי‬ (14)
and pharaoh said, who is the Lord? (Ex 5:2) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫וַיֹּאמֶר פְַּרעֹה מִי‬ (15)
Answer Key 8: Hebrew Pronouns 24
Hebrew Composition.
1. Those are the good books. ‫הֵם הַסְּפִָרים הַטּוֹבִים‬

2. Those books are good. ‫טוֹבִים הַסְּפִָרים הָהֵם‬
3. These are the wicked young men. ‫ ֵלֶּה הַנְּעִָרים הְָרשָׁעִים‬.‫א‬
4. These young men are wicked. ‫לֶּה‬.ֵ‫ְרשָׁעִים הַנְּעִָרים הָא‬
5. This is the great temple. ‫זֶה הַהֵיכָל הַגָּדוֹל‬
6. This temple is great. ‫גָּדוֹל הַהֵיכָל הַזֶּה‬
7. That is the righteous elder. ‫הוּא הַזֵָּקן הַצִַּדּיק‬
8. That elder is righteous. ‫צִַדּיק הַזֵָּקן הַהוּא‬
9. That prophet is holy. ‫ָקדוֹשׁ הַנָּבִיא הַהוּא‬
10. That is the holy prophet. ‫הוּא הַנָּבִיא הַָקּדוֹשׁ‬
Answer Key 9
Hebrew Pronominal Suffixes
Translate and Identify: Part 1.
Translation Suffix PGN
1. ‫( שִׁיר‬song); plural ‫שִׁיִרים‬

‫שִׁיְרכֶם‬ your song 2mp
‫שִׁיֵריכֶם‬ your songs 2mp
‫שִׁיִרי‬ my song 1cs
‫שִׁיַרי‬ my songs 1cs
2. ‫( ָדּבָר‬word); plural ‫ְדּבִָרים‬

‫ְדּבָרוֹ‬ his word 3ms
‫ְדּבָָריו‬ his words 3ms
‫ְדּבָָרהּ‬ her word 3fs
ָ‫יה‬.‫ְדּבֶָר‬ her words 3fs
3. ‫( עַם‬people); plural ‫עַמִּים‬

‫עַמְָּך‬ your people 2ms
‫עַמְֵּך‬ your people 2fs
‫ֶיָך‬.‫עַמּ‬ your peoples 2ms
‫יְִך‬.‫עַ ַמּ‬ your peoples 2fs
4. ‫פֶר‬.ֵ‫( ס‬book); plural ‫סְפִָרים‬

‫סִפְָרם‬ their book 3mp
‫סִפְָרן‬ their book 3fp
‫סִפְֵריהֶם‬ their books 3mp
‫סִפְֵריהֶן‬ their books 3fp
5. ‫לְֶך‬.‫( ֶמ‬king); plural ‫מְלָכִים‬

‫מַלְכְּכֶם‬ your king 2mp
‫מַלְכֵּיכֶם‬ your kings 2mp
‫ֶיָך‬.‫מְלָכ‬ your kings 2ms
‫יְִך‬.‫מְלָ ַכ‬ your kings 2fs
25
Answer Key 9: Hebrew Pronominal Suffixes 26
6. ‫( מִנְחָה‬offering); plural ‫מִנְחוֹת‬

‫מִנְחָתִי‬ my offering 1cs
‫מִנְחָתוֹ‬ his offering 3ms
‫מִנְחוֹתַי‬ my offerings 1cs
‫מִנְחוֹתָיו‬ his offerings 3ms
7. ‫( פָָּרה‬cow); plural ‫פָּרוֹת‬

‫פָָּרתְָך‬ your cow 2ms
‫פָָּרתְֵך‬ your cow 2fs
‫ֶיָך‬.‫פָּרוֹת‬ your cows 2ms
‫יְִך‬.‫פָּרוֹ ַת‬ your cows 2fs
8. ‫( תּוָֹרה‬law); plural ‫תּוֹרוֹת‬

‫תּוָֹרתוֹ‬ his law 3ms
‫תּוֹרוֹתָיו‬ his laws 3ms
‫תּוָֹרתָהּ‬ her law 3fs
ָ‫ֶיה‬.‫תּוֹרוֹת‬ her laws 3fs
9. ‫( אֱֹלהִים‬God)
‫אֱֹלהַי‬ my God 1cs
‫יָך‬.ֶ‫אֱֹלה‬ your God 2ms
‫אֱֹלהָיו‬ his God 3ms
‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫אֱֹלה‬ our God 1cp
10. ‫( אָב‬father); plural ‫אָבוֹת‬

‫ינוּ‬.ִ‫אָב‬ our father 1cp
‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫אֲבוֹת‬ our fathers 1cp
‫אָבִי‬ my father 1cs
‫אֲבוֹתַי‬ my fathers 1cs
11. ‫( אָח‬brother); plural ‫אַחִים‬

‫יָך‬.ֶ‫אַח‬ your brothers 2ms
‫יְִך‬.ַ‫אַח‬ your brothers 2fs
‫אֲחֵיכֶם‬ your brothers 2mp
‫אֲחֵיכֶן‬ your brothers 2fp
12. ‫( אִשָּׁה‬woman); plural ‫נָשִׁים‬

‫אִשְׁתִּי‬ my wife 1cs
‫אִשְׁתּוֹ‬ his wife 3ms
‫נָשַׁי‬ my wives 1cs
‫ֵינוּ‬.‫נָשׁ‬ our wives 1cp
13. ‫( עִיר‬city); plural ‫עִָרים‬

‫עִיִרי‬ my city 1cs
‫עִירוֹ‬ his city 3ms
‫עִיָרהּ‬ her city 3fs
‫עַָרי‬ my cities 1cs
14. ‫יִת‬.‫בּ‬
ַ (house); plural ‫בּ<תִּים‬
‫בֵּיתְָך‬ your house 2ms
‫בֵּיתָם‬ their house 3mp
‫ֶיָך‬.‫בָּתּ‬ your houses 2ms
‫בֵּיתִי‬ my house 1cs
15. ‫( בַּת‬daughter); plural ‫בָּנוֹת‬

‫בִּתִּי‬ my daughter 1cs
‫בְּנוֹתַי‬ my daughters 1cs
‫בִּתּוֹ‬ his daughter 3ms
‫בְּנוֹתֵיכֶם‬ your daughters 2mp
Translation Suffix PGN Lexical Form

1. ‫בָּנַ>יְִך‬ your sons 2fs ‫בֵּן‬
2. ‫סוּסְכֶן‬ your horse 2fp ‫סוּס‬
3. ‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫אַח‬ our brothers 1cp ‫אָח‬
4. ‫שְׁמְֵך‬ your name 2fs ‫שֵׁם‬
5. ‫מְלָכַי‬ my kings 1cs ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫מ‬
6. ‫זִבְחֲָך‬ your sacrifice 2ms ‫זֶ>בַח‬
7. ָ‫ִיה‬.‫אָח‬ her brother 3fs ‫אָח‬
8. ‫שִׁיֵריכֶם‬ your songs 2mp ‫שִׁיר‬

9. ‫בְּנוֹתַי‬ my daughters 1cs ‫בַּת‬
10. ‫בְִּרכָתִי‬ my blessing 1cs ‫בְָּרכָה‬
11. ‫אֲבִיהֶם‬ their father 3mp ‫אָב‬
12. ‫יָך‬.‫ְדּבֶָר‬ your words 2ms ‫ָדּבָר‬
13. ָ‫יה‬.ִ‫אָב‬ her father 3fs ‫אָב‬
14. ‫סִפְֵריכֶם‬ your books 2mp ‫פֶר‬.ֵ‫ס‬
15. ‫עַמְָּך‬ your people 2ms ‫עַם‬
16. ‫אִשְׁתִּי‬ my wife 1cs ‫אִשָּׁה‬
17. ‫חִצִּי‬ my arrow 1cs ‫חֵץ‬
18. ‫פָָּרתוֹ‬ his cow 3ms ‫פָָּרה‬
19. ‫תוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן‬ their laws 3fp ‫תּוָֹרה‬
20. ‫מוֹתוֹ‬ his death 3ms ‫וֶת‬. ָ‫מ‬
21. ‫נְעַָרי‬ my young men 1cs ‫נַ>עַר‬
22. ‫פָּרוֹתֵיהֶם‬ their cows 3mp ‫פָָּרה‬
23. ‫אְַדמָתוֹ‬ his ground 3ms ‫אֲָדמָה‬
24. ‫צְִדָקתְכֶם‬ your righteousness 2mp ‫צְָדָקה‬
25. ‫חֲמוָֹרן‬ their donkey 3fp ‫חֲמוֹר‬
26. ָ‫ֶיה‬.‫סוּס‬ her horses 3fs ‫סוּס‬
27. ‫חָכְמָתָהּ‬ her wisdom 3fs ‫חָכְמָה‬
28. ‫ָקְדשְָׁך‬ your holiness 2ms ‫ֶדשׁ‬. ‫ֹק‬
29. ‫מִצְוֹתַי‬ my commandments 1cs ‫מִצְוָה‬
30. ‫נוּ‬.ֵ‫שְׁנָת‬ our year 1cp ‫שָׁנָה‬
31. ‫בֵּיתוֹ‬ his house 3ms ‫יִת‬. ַ‫בּ‬
32. ‫נְִדֵרינוּ‬ our vows 1cp ‫נֵ>ֶדר‬
33. ‫יְִך‬.‫ְדּבַָר‬ your words 2fs ‫ָדּבָר‬
34. ‫אִישִׁי‬ my husband 1cs ‫אִישׁ‬
35. ‫נְבִיאֲכֶם‬ your prophet 2mp ‫נָבִיא‬
Translation Suffix PGN
1. ‫לְָך‬ to you 2ms
2. ‫לָכֶם‬ to you 2mp
3. ‫לְָך‬ to you 2fs
4. ‫לָכֶן‬ to you 2fp
5. ‫לָהּ‬ to her 3fs
6. ‫לָהֶן‬ to them 3fp
7. ‫בּוֹ‬ in him 3ms
8. ‫בָּהֶם‬ in them 3mp
9. ‫בִּי‬ in me 1cs
10. ‫ָנוּ‬.‫בּ‬ in us 1cp
11. ‫עִמּוֹ‬ with him 3ms
12. ‫אִתּוֹ‬ with him 3ms
13. ‫עִמָּם‬ with them 3mp
14. ‫עִמָּן‬ with them 3fp
15. ‫אִתְָּך‬ with you 2ms
16. ‫אִתְָּך‬ with you 2fs
17. ‫עִמָּהּ‬ with her 3fs
18. ‫וֹנִי‬.‫כָּמ‬ like me 1cs
19. ‫וֹנוּ‬.‫כָּמ‬ like us 1cp
20. ‫וֹהוּ‬.‫כָּמ‬ like him 3ms
21. ָ‫וֹה‬.‫כָּמ‬ like her 3fs
22. ‫נִּי‬.‫מִ ֶמּ‬ from me 1cs
23. ‫מִמְָּך‬ from you 2ms
24. ‫נָּה‬.ֶ‫מִמּ‬ from her 3fs
25. ‫מִכֶּם‬ from you 2mp
26. ‫מֵהֶן‬ from them 3fp

27. ‫יָך‬.ֶ‫אֵל‬ to you 2ms
28. ‫יְִך‬.‫אֵ ַל‬ to you 2fs
29. ‫אֵלַי‬ to me 1cs
30. ‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫אֵל‬ to us 1cp
31. ‫עָלָיו‬ upon him 3ms
32. ָ‫יה‬.ֶ‫עָל‬ upon her 3fs
33. ‫עֲלֵיהֶם‬ upon them 3mp
34. ‫עֲלֵיהֶן‬ upon them 3fp
35. ‫עֲלֵיכֶן‬ upon you 2fp
translations.
your sons and your daughters (Ex 32:2) ‫וּבְנֹתֵיכֶם‬ ‫בְּנֵיכֶם‬ (1)
and his father and his mother (Judg 14:4) ‫וְאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ‬ (2)
he is my rock and my salvation (Ps 62:7 [English 62:6]) ‫הוּא צוִּרי וִישׁוּעָתִי‬ (3)
you and your sons and your wife (Gen 6:18) ‫אַתָּה וּבָנֶיָך וְאִשְׁתְָּך‬ (4)
and I will remember my covenant (Gen 9:15) ‫וְזָכְַרתִּי אֶת–בְִּריתִי אֲשֶׁר בֵּינִי וּבֵינֵיכֶם‬ (5)
which is between me and (between) you
he created him (Gen 1:27) ‫אֹתוֹ‬ ‫בָָּרא‬ (6)
he made them (Ex 36:8) ‫עָשָׂה אֹתָם‬ (7)
there was no water in it (Gen 37:24) ‫אֵין בּוֹ מָיִם‬ (8)
he did not have a son (Num 27:4) ‫אֵין לוֹ בֵּן‬ (9)
I have hope (Ruth 1:12) ‫יֶשׁ–לִי תְִקוָה‬ (10)
we have an elderly father (Gen 44:20) ‫יֶשׁ–לָנוּ אָב זֵָקן‬ (11)
his steadfast love and his truth (Gen 24:27) ‫חַסְדּוֹ וַאֲמִתּוֹ‬ (12)
my rebellion and my sin (Job 13:23) ‫פִּשְׁעִי וְחַטָּאתִי‬ (13)
I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine (Song 6:3) ‫אֲנִי לְדוִֹדי וְדוִֹדי לִי‬ (14)
Answer Key 10
Hebrew Construct Chain
Translation.
the laws of the good and upright king ‫מֶּלְֶך הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר‬. ַ‫תּוֹרוֹת ה‬ (1)
the good laws of the king ‫מֶּלְֶך הַטּוֹבוֹת‬. ַ‫תּוֹרוֹת ה‬ (2)
the wicked sons of the elder ‫בְּנֵי הַזֵָּקן הָָרעִים‬ (3)
the vineyard of the good king or the good vineyard of the king ‫מֶּלְֶך הַטּוֹב‬. ַ‫ֶכֶּרם ה‬. (4)
the judgements of the upright and righteous king ‫ַמֶּלְֶך הַיָּשָׁר וְהַצִַּדּיק‬. ‫מִשְׁפְּטֵי ה‬ (5)
the prayer of the righteous priest ‫תְּפִלַּת הַכֹּהֵן הַצִַּדּיק‬ (6)
the temples of the great queen ‫הֵיכְלֵי הַמַּלְכָּה הַגְּדוֹלָה‬ (7)
the words of the book ‫ַסֵּפֶר‬. ‫ִדּבְֵרי ה‬ (8)
the good servants of the prophet ‫עַבְֵדי הַנָּבִיא הַטּוֹבִים‬ (9)
the wife of that man ‫ֵאשֶׁת הָאִישׁ הַהוּא‬. (10)
the names of the sons of Israel ‫שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְָׂראֵל‬ (11)
the beautiful daughter of the queen or ‫בַּת הַמַּלְכָּה הַיָּפָה‬ (12)

the daughter of the beautiful queen
the river of Egypt ‫ְַריִם‬. ‫נְהַר מִצ‬ (13)
the wife of the wicked man ‫ֵאשֶׁת הָאִישׁ הַָרע‬. (14)
the stars of (the) heaven ‫מַיִם‬. ָ‫כּוֹכְבֵי הַשּׁ‬ (15)
the elder of the wicked city ‫זְַקן הָעִיר הָָרעָה‬ (16)
the book of the beautiful queen ‫סֵפֶר הַמַּלְכָּה הַיָּפָה‬. (17)
the beautiful wives of the king ‫ֶלְֶך הַיָּפוֹת‬.‫נְשֵׁי הַמּ‬ (18)
the famine of the poor city ‫ְרעַב הָעִיר הַַדּלָּה‬ (19)
the prophets of the wicked city ‫נְבִיאֵי הָעִיר הָָרעָה‬ (20)
the camels of the rich men ‫גְּמַלֵּי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָעֲשִׁיִרים‬ (21)
the great temple of the city ‫הֵיכַל הָעִיר הַגָּדוֹל‬ (22)
31
Answer Key 10: Hebrew Construct Chain 32
the people(s) of the good land ‫אֶָרץ הַטּוֹבָה‬. ָ‫עַמֵּי ה‬ (23)
the camp of the enemy ‫מַחֲנֵה הָאֹיֵב‬ (24)
the work of the house of the Lord ‫עֲבוַֹדת בֵּית יְהוָה‬ (25)
the sons of the great prophets or the great sons of the prophets ‫בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים הַגְּדוֹלִים‬ (26)
the upright judge of the land ‫ָאֶָרץ הַיָּשָׁר‬. ‫שֹׁפֵט ה‬ (27)
the beautiful daughters of the elder ‫בְּנוֹת הַזֵָּקן הַיָּפוֹת‬ (28)
the houses of the small city ‫<בּתֵּי הָעִיר הְַקּטַנָּה‬ (29)
the days of the great battle ‫יְמֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַגְּדוֹלָה‬ (30)
the blessings of the good prophets ‫בְִּרכוֹת הַנְּבִיאִים הַטּוֹבִים‬ (31)
the good queen of the land or the queen of the good land ‫ֶרץ הַטּוֹבָה‬.ָ‫מַלְכַּת הָא‬ (32)
the messengers of this prophet ‫מַלְאֲכֵי הַנָּבִיא הַזֶּה‬ (33)
the battle of the wicked men ‫חֶמֶת הָאֲנָשִׁים הָָרעִים‬. ְ‫מִל‬ (34)
translations.
the angel of the Lord (Gen 16:9) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫מַלְאְַך‬ (1)
like the stars of the heaven (Gen 22:17) ‫הַשָּׁמַיִם‬ ‫כְּכוֹכְבֵי‬ (2)
the nations of the earth (Gen 22:18) ‫הָאֶָרץ‬ ‫גּוֹיֵי‬ (3)
the peace (well-being) of the flocks (Gen 37:14) ‫הַצֹּאן‬ ‫שְׁלוֹם‬ (4)
from the men of the house (Gen 39:11) ‫הַבַּיִת‬ ‫מֵאַנְשֵׁי‬ (5)
the nakedness of the land (Gen 42:9) ‫הָאֶָרץ‬ ‫עְֶרוַת‬ (6)
and these are the names of the sons of Israel (Ex 1:1) ‫יִשְָׂראֵל‬ ‫וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי‬ (7)
the people of the sons of Israel (Ex 1:9) ‫יִשְָׂראֵל‬ ‫עַם בְּנֵי‬ (8)
the salvation (deliverance) of the Lord (Ex 14:13) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫יְשׁוּעַת‬ (9)
the day of the Sabbath (Ex 20:8) ‫הַשַּׁבָּת‬ ‫יוֹם‬ (10)
all the words of the Lord (Ex 24:3) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫כָּל–ִדּבְֵרי‬ (11)
the book of the covenant (Ex 24:7) ‫הַבְִּרית‬ ‫סֵפֶר‬ (12)

the glory of the Lord (Ex 24:16) ‫( כְּבוֹד–יְהוָה‬13)
after the death of Moses, the servant of the Lord (Josh 1:1) ‫יְהוָה‬ ‫אַחֲֵרי מוֹת מֹשֶׁה עֶבֶד‬ (14)
from the land of Egypt, from the house of (Josh 24:17) ‫עֲבִָדים‬ ‫מֵאֶֶרץ מִצְַריִם מִבֵּית‬ (15)
slavery (slaves)
a chariot of fire and horses of fire (2 Kgs 2:11) ‫אֵשׁ‬ ‫ֶרכֶב–אֵשׁ וְסוּסֵי‬ (16)
the mountain of the house of the Lord (Isa 2:2) ‫בֵּית–יְהוָה‬ ‫הַר‬ (17)
in the year of the death of the king (Isa 6:1) ‫הַמֶּלְֶך‬ ‫בִּשְׁנַת–מוֹת‬ (18)
the knowledge of God in the land (Hos 4:1) ‫בָּאֶָרץ‬ ‫ַדּעַת אֱֹלהִים‬ (19)
the law of Moses (Mal 3:22 [English 4:4]) ‫מֹשֶׁה‬ ‫תּוַֹרת‬ (20)
Construct Nouns: Part 1. Give the construct form for each of the following absolute nouns.
Absolute Construct
1. ‫יֶ>לֶד‬ (boy) ‫יֶ>לֶד‬

2. ‫נָהָר‬ (river) ‫נְהַר‬
3. ‫כּוֹכָבִים‬ (stars) ‫כּוֹכְבֵי‬
4. ‫נַ>עַר‬ (young man) ‫נַ>עַר‬
5. ‫עַמִּים‬ (people) ‫עַמֵּי‬
6. ‫כֹּהֲנִים‬ (priests) ‫כֹּהֲנֵי‬
7. ‫חֶם‬.‫ֶל‬ (bread) ‫חֶם‬.‫ֶל‬
8. ‫פֶר‬.ֵ‫ס‬ (book) ‫פֶר‬.ֵ‫ס‬
9. ‫עָנָן‬ (cloud) ‫עֲנַן‬
10. ‫גְּמַלִּים‬ (camels) ‫גְּמַלֵּי‬
11. ‫ָרעָב‬ (famine) ‫ְרעַב‬
12. ‫גָּמָל‬ (camel) ‫גְּמַל‬
13. ‫ֶקל‬.ֶ‫שׁ‬ (shekel) ‫ֶקל‬.ֶ‫שׁ‬
14. ‫הֵיכָל‬ (temple) ‫הֵיכַל‬
15. ‫מַלְכָּה‬ (queen) ‫מַלְכַּת‬
‫‪Answer Key 10: Hebrew Construct Chain‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬
‫‪16.‬‬ ‫בָּנִים‬ ‫)‪(sons‬‬ ‫בְּנֵי‬

‫‪17.‬‬ ‫כֶּ‪ֶ.‬רם‬ ‫)‪(vineyard‬‬ ‫כֶּ‪ֶ.‬רם‬
‫‪18.‬‬ ‫מַלְאְָך‬ ‫)‪(messenger‬‬ ‫מַלְאְַך‬
‫‪19.‬‬ ‫שָׂדוֹת‬ ‫)‪(fields‬‬ ‫שְׂדוֹת‬
‫‪20.‬‬ ‫שָׁנָה‬ ‫)‪(year‬‬ ‫שְׁנַת‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫תְּפִלָּה‬ ‫)‪(prayer‬‬ ‫תְּפִלַּת‬
‫‪22.‬‬ ‫לֵבָב‬ ‫)‪(heart‬‬ ‫לְבַב‬
‫‪23.‬‬ ‫נְאֻם‬ ‫)‪(saying‬‬ ‫נְאֻם‬
‫‪24.‬‬ ‫מְקוֹמוֹת‬ ‫)‪(places‬‬ ‫מְקוֹמוֹת‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫מִשְׁפָּטִים‬ ‫)‪(judgements‬‬ ‫מִשְׁפְּטֵי‬
‫‪26.‬‬ ‫הֵיכָלִים‬ ‫)‪(temples‬‬ ‫הֵיכְלֵי‬
‫‪27.‬‬ ‫גְּבוּלִים‬ ‫)‪(borders‬‬ ‫גְּבוּלֵי‬
‫‪28.‬‬ ‫ָדּבָר‬ ‫)‪(word‬‬ ‫ְדּבַר‬
‫‪29.‬‬ ‫מִשְׁפָּט‬ ‫)‪(judgement‬‬ ‫מִשְׁפַּט‬
‫‪30.‬‬ ‫סוּס‬ ‫)‪(horse‬‬ ‫סוּס‬
‫‪31.‬‬ ‫שֵׁמוֹת‬ ‫)‪(names‬‬ ‫שְׁמוֹת‬
‫‪32.‬‬ ‫תּוָֹרה‬ ‫)‪(law‬‬ ‫תּוַֹרת‬
‫‪33.‬‬ ‫גִּבּוֹר‬ ‫)‪(warrior‬‬ ‫גִּבּוֹר‬
‫‪34.‬‬ ‫פָּנִים‬ ‫)‪(face‬‬ ‫פְּנֵי‬
‫‪35.‬‬ ‫יָמִים‬ ‫)‪(days‬‬ ‫יְמֵי‬
‫‪36.‬‬ ‫יַמִּים‬ ‫)‪(seas‬‬ ‫יַמֵּי‬
‫‪37.‬‬ ‫גִּבְעָה‬ ‫)‪(hill‬‬ ‫גִּבְעַת‬
‫‪38.‬‬ ‫בָּשָׂר‬ ‫)‪(flesh‬‬ ‫בְּשַׂר‬
‫‪39.‬‬ ‫נְבִיאִים‬ ‫)‪(prophets‬‬ ‫נְבִיאֵי‬
‫‪40.‬‬ ‫שֻׁלְחָן‬ ‫)‪(table‬‬ ‫שֻׁלְחַן‬
Construct Nouns: Part 2. Give the irregular construct forms for each of the following absolute
nouns.
Absolute Construct
1. ‫יִת‬.‫ַבּ‬ (house) ‫בֵּית‬

2. ‫אִשָּׁה‬ (woman) ‫שֶׁת‬.ֵ‫א‬
3. ‫בֵּן‬ (son) –‫בֶּן‬
4. ‫זֵָקן‬ (elder) ‫זְַקן‬
5. ‫וֶת‬.ָ‫מ‬ (death) ‫מוֹת‬
6. ‫בְָּרכָה‬ (blessing) ‫בְִּרכַּת‬
7. ‫יִם‬.ַ‫מ‬ (water) ‫מֵי‬
8. ‫אָב‬ (father) ‫אֲבִי‬
9. ‫מְלָכִים‬ (kings) ‫מַלְכֵי‬
10. ‫אֲנָשִׁים‬ (men) ‫אַנְשֵׁי‬
11. ‫אָח‬ (brother) ‫אֲחִי‬
12. ‫ְדּבִָרים‬ (words) ‫ִדּבְֵרי‬
13. ‫יָד‬ (hand) ‫יַד‬
14. ‫נָשִׁים‬ (women) ‫נְשֵׁי‬
15. ‫בּ<תִּים‬ (houses) ‫בּ<תֵּי‬
Hebrew Composition.
1. the voice of the good king ‫לְֶך הַטּוֹב‬.ֶ‫קוֹל הַמּ‬

2. the wicked king of the land ‫ֶרץ הַָרע‬.ָ‫ לְֶך הָא‬.ֶ‫מ‬
3. the king of the wicked land ‫ֶרץ הָָרעָה‬.ָ‫לְֶך הָא‬.ֶ‫מ‬
4. the wives of the king ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫נְשֵׁי הַמּ‬
5. the wives of the good king ‫לְֶך הַטּוֹב‬.ֶ‫נְשֵׁי הַמּ‬
6. the good wives of the king ‫לְֶך הַטּוֹבוֹת‬.ֶ‫נְשֵׁי הַמּ‬
7. the men of the temple ‫אַנְשֵׁי הַהֵיכָל‬
8. the words of the good prophet ‫ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַטּוֹב‬
9. the good words of the prophet ‫ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַטּוֹבִים‬
10. the wicked daughter of the prophet ‫בַּת הַנָּבִיא הָָרעָה‬

11. the daughters of that woman ‫בְּנוֹת הָאִשָּׁה הַהִיא‬
12. the wife of that man ‫שֶׁת הָאִישׁ הַהוּא‬.ֵ‫א‬
13. the wife of this man ‫שֶׁת הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה‬.ֵ‫א‬
14. the righteouness of the good king ‫לְֶך הַטּוֹב‬.ֶ‫ֶדק הַמּ‬.ֶ‫צ‬
15. the death of that king ‫לְֶך הַהוּא‬.ֶ‫מוֹת הַמּ‬
16. the blessing of the upright prophet ‫בְִּרכַּת הַנָּבִיא הַיָּשָׁר‬
17. the good laws of the land ‫ֶרץ הַטּוֹבוֹת‬.ָ‫תּוֹרוֹת הָא‬
18. the laws of the good land ‫ֶרץ הַטּוֹבָה‬.ָ‫תּוֹרוֹת הָא‬
19. the blessing of the upright judge ‫בְִּרכַּת הַשֹּׁפֵט הַיָּשָׁר‬
20. the names of the sons of Israel ‫שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְָׂראֵל‬
Answer Key 12a
Introduction to Hebrew Verbs

Identify each of the following verbs as either strong or weak.
Strong or Weak
Weak Classification
(1) ‫עָמַד‬ weak I-Guttural
(2) ‫גָּאַל‬ weak II-Guttural
(3) ‫בַָּרח‬ weak III-‫ח‬/ ‫( ע‬specifically III- ‫)ח‬
(4) ‫ָקטַל‬ strong
(5) ‫ָקבַץ‬ strong
(6) ‫עָשָׂה‬ weak Doubly weak (both I-Guttural and III-‫)ה‬
(7) ‫בָּנָה‬ weak III-‫ה‬
(8) ‫אָהַב‬ weak Doubly weak (both I-Guttural and II-Guttural)
(9) ‫כָּתַב‬ strong
(10) ‫סָבַב‬ weak Geminate
(11) ‫מָצָא‬ weak III-‫א‬
(12) ‫שָׁמַע‬ weak III-‫ח‬/ ‫( ע‬specifically III- ‫)ע‬
(13) ‫ָרעָה‬ weak Doubly weak (both II-Guttural and III-‫)ה‬
(14) ‫שָׁמַר‬ strong
(15) ‫עָלָה‬ weak Doubly weak (both I-Guttural and III-‫)ה‬
37
Answer Key 12a - Introduction to Hebrew Verbs 38
Translation.
‫אֶָרץ‬. ָ‫מַיִם וְאֵת ה‬. ָ‫בָָּרא אֱֹלהִים אֵת הַשּׁ‬ (1)
God created the heavens and the earth.
‫מֶּלְֶך הַיָּשָׁר וְאֶת–בָּנָיו‬. ַ‫בַָּרְך הַנָּבִיא הַצִַּדּיק אֶת–ה‬ (2)
The righteous prophet blessed the upright king and his sons.
‫שָׁמַר הַ >נַּעַר אֶת–ִדּבְֵרי הַנָּבִיא הַטּוֹב הַזֶּה‬ (3)
The young man observed the words of this good prophet.
‫צֶל הָעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה‬.ֵ‫בַּיִת חָָדשׁ א‬. ‫בָּנָה הַ >נַּעַר‬ (4)
The young man built a new house near the great city.
‫אֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְָׂראֵל‬. (5)
These are the names of the sons of Israel.
‫שָׁלַח הַשֹּׁפֵט אֶת–מַלְאָכוֹ אֶל–בַּת הַנָּבִיא הָָרעָה‬ (6)
The judge sent his messenger to the wicked daughter of the prophet.
‫ֶַמּלְֶך הַהוּא‬. ‫צִַדּיק הַכֹּהֵן הַזֶּה מֵה‬ (7)
This priest is more righteous than that king.
‫ַמֶּלְֶך אֶת–הַהֵיכָל הַגָּדוֹל בֵּין–הַנָּהָר וּבֵין–הָהָר‬. ‫בָּנָה ה‬ (8)
The king built the great temple between the river and (between) the mountain.
‫בִיהוּ וְאֶת–בָּנָיו אֶל–הֶעִָרים הְַקּטַנּוֹת‬. ָ‫בַּמִּלְחָמָה הַהִיא שָׁלַח הַזֵָּקן הֶחָכָם אֶת–א‬ (9)
In that battle the wise elder sent his father and his sons to the small cities.
‫מֶּלְֶך אֶת–תּוַֹרת אֱֹלהִים בַּהֵיכָל הַגָּדוֹל‬. ַ‫בֶד ה‬.ֶ‫מָצָא ע‬ (10)
The servant of the king found the law of God in the great temple.
‫נָתַן אֱֹלהִים אֶת–ְדּבָרוֹ וְאֶת–תּוָֹרתוֹ וְאֶת–מִצְוֹתָיו לְאַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר הָָרעָה‬ (11)
God gave his word and his law and his commandments to the men of the wicked city.
‫מֶּלְֶך חַטָּאוֹת ַרבּוֹת לִפְנֵי יְהוָה‬. ַ‫צָעַק הַנָּבִיא בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל כִּי חָטָא ה‬ (12)
The prophet cried out in a great voice because the king had sinned many sins before the Lord.
‫נוּ וְאֶת–עַמּוֹ‬. ָ‫זָכַר יְהוָה אֶת–בְִּריתוֹ עִמּ‬ (13)
The Lord remembered his covenant with us and with his people.
‫הֲשָׁלַח יְהוָה אֶת–נְבִיאָיו אֶל–הַמַּלְכָּה הָָרעָה‬ (14)
Did the Lord send his prophets to the wicked queen?
Answer Key 13
Qal Perfect - Strong Verbs

In terms of the answer key for this chapter, note that the Hebrew Composition exercise in the
workbook constitutes the answer key for the earlier translation exercise. These answer keys
will not be repeated below. Additionally, translations will not be given for the Bible texts.
Consult an English translation when necessary.
Parsing.
Stem Conjugation PGN Lexical Form

1. ‫שְׁמְַרתֶּם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫שָׁמַר‬
2. ‫כָּתַב‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫כָּתַב‬
3. ‫ְדפוּ‬,‫ר‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫ָרַדף‬
4. ָ‫ְרתּ‬.ַ‫זָכ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫זָכַר‬
5. ‫י<לְָדה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫יָלַד‬
6. ְ‫זָכְַרתּ‬ Qal Perfect 2fs ‫זָכַר‬
7. ‫צְתִּי‬.‫ָק ַב‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫ָקבַץ‬
8. ‫יְשַׁבְתֶּן‬ Qal Perfect 2fp ‫יָשַׁב‬
9. ‫ְַרנוּ‬.‫שָׁמ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁמַר‬
10. ‫ְַרנוּ‬.‫זָכ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫זָכַר‬
Inflecting Verbs.
1. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫נָפַל‬ ‫נ<פְלוּ‬
2. Qal Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫ְרנוּ‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬
3. Qal Perfect 3ms ‫פַָּקד‬ ‫פַָּקד‬
4. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫זָכַר‬ ָ‫ְרתּ‬.ַ‫זָכ‬
5. Qal Perfect 2fp ‫כָּתַב‬ ‫כְּתַבְתֶּן‬
6. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫לָכַד‬ ‫ל<כְָדה‬
7. Qal Perfect 2fs ‫ָקטַל‬ ְ‫ָקטַלְתּ‬
8. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫יָשַׁב‬ ‫בְתִּי‬.ַ‫יָשׁ‬
9. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫יַָרשׁ‬ ‫יְַרשְׁתֶּם‬
10. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫נָתַן‬ ָ‫תּ‬.ַ‫נָת‬
39
Answer Key 13: Qal Perfect - Strong Verbs 40
11. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫נָתַן‬ ‫נְתַתֶּם‬

12. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫נָתַן‬ ‫תִּי‬.ַ‫נָת‬
13. Qal Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁכַן‬ ‫נּוּ‬.ַ‫שָׁכ‬
14. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫כַָּרת‬ ‫תִּי‬.‫כַָּר‬
15. Qal Perfect 2fp ‫כַָּרת‬ ‫כְַּרתֶּן‬
Answer Key 14a
Qal Perfect - Weak Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫עָלוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫עָלָה‬
2. ‫עֲבְַדתֶּם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫עָבַד‬
3. ‫א<כְלוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫אָכַל‬
4. ‫ה<לְכָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫הָלְַך‬
5. ָ‫עְתּ‬.‫שָׁ ַמ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁמַע‬
6. ‫ָאנוּ‬.‫יָצ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫יָצָא‬
7. ‫בּ<נְתָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫בָּנָה‬
8. ‫חָטָאת‬ Qal Perfect 2fs ‫חָטָא‬
9. ‫ָאתִי‬.‫נָשׂ‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫נָשָׂא‬
10. ָ‫ִית‬.‫עָשׂ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫עָשָׂה‬
11. ‫ָראֲתָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫ָראָה‬
12. ָ‫תּ‬.‫כַָּר‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫כַָּרת‬
13. ‫ה<יְתָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫הָיָה‬
14. ‫עֲשִׂיתֶם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫עָשָׂה‬
15. ‫בָּנוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫בָּנָה‬
16. ‫כָּלָה‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫כָּלָה‬
17. ‫ָראוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫ָראָה‬
18. ‫ה<לְכוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫הָלְַך‬
19. ‫נָתַן‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫נָתַן‬
20. ‫חְתִּי‬.ַ‫שָׁל‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁלַח‬
41
Answer Key 14a: Qal Perfect - Weak Verbs 42
Inflecting Verbs.
1. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫עָבַד‬ ‫עֲבְַדתֶּם‬

2. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫בָּחַר‬ ‫בָּחֲָרה‬
3. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁלַח‬ ָ‫חְתּ‬.ַ‫שָׁל‬
4. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫הַָרג‬ ‫ה<ְרגוּ‬
5. Qal Perfect 2fs ‫שָׁמַע‬ ְ‫עַתּ‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬
6. Qal Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁכַח‬ ‫חְנוּ‬.ַ‫שָׁכ‬
7. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫מָצָא‬ ָ‫את‬.ָ‫מָצ‬
8. Qal Perfect 2fp ‫הָלְַך‬ ‫הֲלַכְתֶּן‬
9. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫צָעַק‬ ‫צָעֲקוּ‬
10. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫חָפַץ‬ ‫ח<פְצָה‬
11. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫אָהַב‬ ‫אֲהַבְתֶּם‬
12. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁאַל‬ ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫שָׁא‬
13. Qal Perfect 1cp ‫חָטָא‬ ‫ָאנוּ‬.‫חָט‬
14. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫ָרעָה‬ ‫ָרעוּ‬
15. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫עָשָׂה‬ ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫עָשׂ‬
16. Qal Perfect 2fs ‫עָלָה‬ ‫עָלִית‬
17. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫הַָרג‬ ‫הֲַרגְתֶּם‬
18. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫עְתִּי‬.ַ‫שָׁמ‬
19. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫ָראָה‬ ‫ָראֲתָה‬
20. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫בָּחַר‬ ‫בָּחֲרוּ‬
21. Qal Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁתָה‬ ‫ינוּ‬.ִ‫שָׁת‬
22. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫הָיָה‬ ‫הָיִ>יתִי‬
23. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫אָהַב‬ ‫אָהֲבָה‬
24. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫בָּנָה‬ ‫בָּנוּ‬
25. Qal Perfect 2fp ‫נָשָׂא‬ ‫נְשָׂאתֶן‬
Answer Key 14b
Qal Perfect - Weak Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫ס<בְבוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫סָבַב‬
2. ָ‫וֹת‬.‫סַבּ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫סָבַב‬
3. ‫שַׁלּוֹתֶם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫שָׁלַל‬
4. ‫צוּ‬. ‫ָר‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫רוּץ‬
5. ‫וֹנוּ‬.‫אָר‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫אַָרר‬
6. ‫נָס‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫נוּס‬
7. ‫בָה‬.ָ‫שׁ‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫שׁוּב‬
8. ‫רוּ‬.ָ‫שׁ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫שִׁיר‬
9. ‫מְתִּי‬.‫שׂ‬
ַ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫שִׂים‬
10. ‫ָקם‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫קוּם‬
11. ‫אוּ‬.ָ‫בּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫בּוֹא‬
12. ‫וֹנוּ‬.‫סַבּ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫סָבַב‬
13. ‫תוּ‬.ָ‫שׁ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫שִׁית‬
14. ‫א<ְררוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫אַָרר‬
15. ‫מָה‬.ָ‫שׂ‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫שִׂים‬
43
Answer Key 14b: Qal Perfect - Weak Verbs 44
Inflecting Verbs.
1. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫ָקלַל‬ ‫וֹתִי‬.‫ַקלּ‬

2. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁלַל‬ ‫לְלוּ‬,‫שׁ‬
3. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁלַל‬ ָ‫וֹת‬.‫שַׁלּ‬
4. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫אַָרר‬ ָ‫וֹת‬.‫אָר‬
5. Qal Perfect 2fs ‫שׁוּב‬ ְ‫בְתּ‬.ַ‫שׁ‬
6. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫רוּץ‬ ‫צוּ‬.‫ָר‬
7. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫אַָרר‬ ‫אָרוֹתֶם‬
8. Qal Perfect 2fp ‫סָבַב‬ ‫סַבּוֹתֶן‬
9. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫קוּם‬ ‫מָה‬.‫ָק‬
10. Qal Perfect 3ms ‫סוּר‬ ‫סָר‬
11. Qal Perfect 2mp ‫נוּס‬ ‫נַסְתֶּם‬
12. Qal Perfect 1cp ‫סָבַב‬ ‫וֹנוּ‬.‫סַבּ‬
13. Qal Perfect 2ms ‫שִׂים‬ ָ‫מְתּ‬.ַ‫שׂ‬
14. Qal Perfect 3ms ‫שִׁיר‬ ‫שָׁר‬
15. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫ָקלַל‬ ‫לּוּ‬.‫ַק‬
16. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫שִׂים‬ ‫מָה‬.ָ‫שׂ‬
17. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫שִׁית‬ ‫תָה‬.ָ‫שׁ‬
18. Qal Perfect 1cs ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫אתִי‬.ָ‫בּ‬
19. Qal Perfect 3fs ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫אָה‬.ָ‫בּ‬
20. Qal Perfect 3cp ‫שִׁית‬ ‫ָתוּ‬.‫שׁ‬
Answer Key 15
Qal Imperfect - Strong Verbs

will not be repeated below. Additionally, translations are not given for the Bible texts. Consult
an English translation when necessary.
Parsing.
Stem Conjugation PGN Lexical Form Prefix/Suffix

1. ‫תִּמְכְּרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫מָכַר‬
2. ‫יְִרֹדּף‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫ָרַדף‬
3. ‫תְִּקבֹּץ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫ָקבַץ‬
4. ‫תִּכְְרתוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫כַָּרת‬
5. ‫יִשְׁמְרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫שָׁמַר‬
6. ‫נִשְׁמֹר‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫שָׁמַר‬
7. ‫יִמְלְכוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫מָלְַך‬
8. ‫ְֹרנָה‬.‫תִּזְכּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫זָכַר‬
9. ‫תִּכְתְּבִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫כָּתַב‬
10. ‫אֶשְֹׂרף‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫שַָׂרף‬
11. ‫אֶשְׁבֹּר‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׁבַר‬
12. ‫הֲתִשְְׂרפוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫שַָׂרף‬ interrogative
particle
13. ‫הֲיִמְכֹּר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫מָכַר‬ interrogative
particle
14. ‫הֲתִזְכֹּר‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫זָכַר‬ interrogative
particle
15. ‫אְֶדֹרשׁ‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫ָדַּרשׁ‬
45
Answer Key 15: Qal Imperfect - Strong Verbs 46
Inflecting Verbs.
1. Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫ָקטַל‬ ‫אְֶקטֹל‬
2. Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫מָכַר‬ ‫יִמְכֹּר‬
3. Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫ָקבַץ‬ ‫תְִּקבְּצִי‬
4. Qal Imperfect 3fs ‫לָכַד‬ ‫תִּלְכֹּד‬
5. Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫שָׁבַר‬ ‫נִשְׁבֹּר‬
6. Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫כָּתַב‬ ‫יִכְתְּבוּ‬
7. Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫זָכַר‬ ‫תִּזְכְּרוּ‬
8. Qal Imperfect 3fp ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫ְרנָה‬.ֹ‫תִּשְׁמ‬
9. Qal Imperfect 2fp ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫ְרנָה‬.ֹ‫תִּשְׁמ‬
10. Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫כַָּרת‬ ‫תִּכְְרתִי‬
11. Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫שַָׂרף‬ ‫אֶשְֹׂרף‬
12. Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫ָדַּרשׁ‬ ‫נְִדֹרשׁ‬
13. Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫ָקבַר‬ ‫תְִּקבְּרוּ‬
14. Qal Imperfect 3fp ‫שָׁבַר‬ ‫ְֹרנָה‬.‫תִּשְׁבּ‬
15. Qal Imperfect 2fp ‫שָׁבַר‬ ‫ְֹרנָה‬.‫תִּשְׁבּ‬
Answer Key 16a
Qal Imperfect - Weak Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫תִּגְאַל‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫גָּאַל‬
2. ‫יִשְׁאַל‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁאַל‬
3. ‫יִבְחֲרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫בָּחַר‬
4. ‫תִּצְעֲקוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫צָעַק‬
5. ‫יִבְעַר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּעַר‬
6. ‫תִּשְׁחַט‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫שָׁחַט‬
7. ‫תִּשְׁלַח‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫שָׁלַח‬
8. ‫אֶשְׂמַח‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׂמַח‬
9. ‫נִבְטַח‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫בָּטַח‬
10. ‫עְנָה‬.‫תִּשְׁ ַמ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫שָׁמַע‬
47
Answer Key 16a: Qal Imperfect - Weak Verbs 48
Inflecting Verbs. Give the following forms in Hebrew.

1. Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׁאַל‬ ‫אֶשְׁאַל‬
2. Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫שָׁלַח‬ ‫יִשְׁלְחוּ‬
3. Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫גָּאַל‬ ‫יִגְאַל‬
4. Qal Imperfect 3fp ‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫עְנָה‬.ַ‫תִּשְׁמ‬
5. Qal Imperfect 3fs ‫בָּעַר‬ ‫תִּבְעַר‬
6. Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫שָׁלַח‬ ‫תִּשְׁלְחִי‬
7. Qal Imperfect 2ms ‫שָׁכַח‬ ‫תִּשְׁכַּח‬
8. Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫שָׁאַל‬ ‫תּשְׁאֲלוּ‬
9. Qal Imperfect 2fp ‫שָׂמַח‬ ‫חְנָה‬.ַ‫תִּשְׂמ‬
10. Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫שָׁחַט‬ ‫נִשְׁחַט‬
11. Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫בָּטַח‬ ‫תִּבְטְחִי‬
12. Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫בָּחַר‬ ‫יִבְחֲרוּ‬
13. Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫בָּטַח‬ ‫אֶבְטַח‬
14. Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫צָעַק‬ ‫תִּצְעֲקוּ‬
15. Qal Imperfect 2fp ‫שָׁלַח‬ ‫חְנָה‬.ַ‫תִּשְׁל‬
Answer Key 16b

Parsing.

1. ‫תִּמְצְאוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫מָצָא‬
2. ‫אְֶקָרא‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫ָקָרא‬
3. ‫יִבְנוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫בָּנָה‬
4. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫תִּבְכּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫בָּכָה‬
5. ‫יְִקנוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫ָקנָה‬
6. ‫יִשְׁתּוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫שָׁתָה‬
7. ‫יִכְלֶה‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫כָּלָה‬
8. ‫נִבְנֶה‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫בָּנָה‬
9. ‫יְִרבּוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫ָרבָה‬
10. ‫ֶאנָה‬.‫תִּמְצ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
49
Answer Key 16b: Qal Imperfect - Weak Verbs 50
Inflecting Verbs.
1. Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫מָצָא‬ ‫יִמְצָא‬
2. Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫בָּנָה‬ ‫נִבְנֶה‬
3. Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫בָּנָה‬ ‫תִּבְנוּ‬
4. Qal Imperfect 3fs ‫בָּכָה‬ ‫תִּבְכֶּה‬
5. Qal Imperfect 3fp ‫ָקָרא‬ ‫אנָה‬.‫תְִּקֶר‬
6. Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫מָצָא‬ ‫תִּמְצְאִי‬
7. Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫ָקנָה‬ ‫יְִקנוּ‬
8. Qal Imperfect 2ms ‫מָצָא‬ ‫תִּמְצָא‬
9. Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫ָקָרא‬ ‫אְֶקָרא‬
10. Qal Imperfect 2fp ‫שָׁתָה‬ ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫תִּשְׁתּ‬
11. Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫בָּנָה‬ ‫תִּבְנִי‬
12. Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫גָּלָה‬ ‫יִגְלֶה‬
13. Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫ָרבָה‬ ‫יְִרבּוּ‬
14. Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫ָקָרא‬ ‫אְֶקָרא‬
15. Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫כָּלָה‬ ‫יִכְלֶה‬
Answer Key 16c

Parsing.

1. ‫יַעַזְבוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫עָזַב‬
2. ‫תֶּחֶזְִקי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫חָזַק‬
3. ‫יֹאמַר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫אָמַר‬
4. ‫אֶעֱבֹד‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫עָבַד‬
5. ‫תַּעַבְרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫עָבַר‬
6. ‫אֹמַר‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫אָמַר‬
7. ‫ְֹדנָה‬.‫תַּעֲמ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫עָמַד‬
8. ‫תַּהֲֹרג‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫הַָרג‬
9. ‫תֹּאכְלִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫אָכַל‬
10. ‫תֶּחֱזַ>ְקנָה‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫חָזַק‬
11. ‫יֹאבַד‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫אָבַד‬
12. ‫אֶהֱֹרג‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫הַָרג‬
13. ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫תֹּאכ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫אָכַל‬
14. ‫יֶאֱסֹף‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫אָסַף‬
15. ‫נַעֲמֹד‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫עָמַד‬
51
Answer Key 16d

Parsing.

1. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫תְּקוּמ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫קוּם‬
2. ‫יָשִׁית‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫שִׁית‬
3. ‫וּבוּ‬.‫יָשׁ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫שׁוּב‬
4. ‫אָשִׂים‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫שִׂים‬
5. ‫נָשִׂים‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫שִׂים‬
6. ‫וּמִי‬.‫תָּק‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫קוּם‬
7. ‫יתִי‬.ִ‫תָּשׁ‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫שִׁית‬
8. ‫נָנוּס‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫נוּס‬
9. ‫ינוּ‬.ִ‫תָּב‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫בִּין‬
10. ‫נָשִׁיר‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫שִׁיר‬
11. ‫תָּבוֹא‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫בּוֹא‬
12. ‫יָרוּם‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫רוּם‬
13. ‫וֹאִי‬.‫תָּב‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫בּוֹא‬
14. ‫יָרוּץ‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫רוּץ‬
15. ‫אָסוּר‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫סוּר‬
16. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫תְּסֻבּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫סָבַב‬
17. ‫בִּי‬.ֹ‫תָּס‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫סָבַב‬
18. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫תְּתַמּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫תָּמַם‬
52
Answer Key 16d: Qal Imperfect - Weak Verbs 53
Parse and Find the Verb.
Stem Conjugation PGN Lexical Form Page Number

1. ‫מְתִּי‬.‫ַק‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫קוּם‬ 315 (Holladay)
2. ‫ִיתִי‬.‫תָּשׁ‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫שִׁית‬ 368 (Holladay)
3. ְ‫בְתּ‬.ַ‫שׁ‬ Qal Perfect 2fs ‫שׁוּב‬ 362 (Holladay)
4. ‫נַסְתֶּם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫נוּס‬ 231 (Holladay)
5. ָ‫וֹת‬.‫שַׁלּ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁלַל‬ 373 (Holladay)
6. ‫יָבִין‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בִּין‬ 38 (Holladay)
7. ‫ָרוּ‬.‫ס‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫סוּר‬ 254 (Holladay)
8. ‫יָשֹׁמּוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫שָׁמַם‬ 375 (Holladay)
9. ‫ָאוּ‬.‫בּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫בּוֹא‬ 34 (Holladay)
10. ‫יֵַרע‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫ָרעַע‬ 343 (Holladay)
11. ‫נָשִׁיר‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫שִׁיר‬ 367 (Holladay)
12. ‫תְנוּ‬.ַ‫מ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫מוּת‬ 188 (Holladay)
13. ‫ָרץ‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫רוּץ‬ 336 (Holladay)
14. ‫אָרוּם‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫רוּם‬ 335 (Holladay)
15. ‫גָּ>רוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫גּוּר‬ 58 (Holladay)
Answer Key 16e
Parsing.

1. ‫יִפְּלוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫נָפַל‬
2. ‫יִגַּשׁ‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָגַשׁ‬
3. ‫תֵּלֵד‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫יָלַד‬
4. ‫תֵּשְׁבִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫יָשַׁב‬
5. ‫יִתֵּן‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָתַן‬
6. ‫תִּתְּנִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫נָתַן‬
7. ‫נֵשֵׁב‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫יָשַׁב‬
8. ‫שְׁנָה‬.‫תִּיַר‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫יַָרשׁ‬
9. ‫יִֵֵרד‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫יַָרד‬
10. ‫אֶַקּח‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫לַָקח‬
11. ‫אֵֵרד‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫יַָרד‬
12. ‫יֵלְכוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫הָלְַך‬
13. ‫תֵּלְכוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫הָלְַך‬
14. ‫חְנָה‬.‫תִּ ַקּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫לַָקח‬
15. ‫נִיַרשׁ‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫יַָרשׁ‬
54
Answer Key 16f
Qal Imperfect - Doubly Weak Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫יַעֲשֶׂה‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫עָשָׂה‬
2. ‫יִהְיוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫הָיָה‬
3. ‫תְִּראֶה‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫ָראָה‬
4. ‫אֶעֱנֶה‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫עָנָה‬
5. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫תַּעֲל‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫עָלָה‬
6. ‫תֶּחֶטְאוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫חָטָא‬
7. ‫נִשָּׂא‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫נָשָׂא‬
8. ‫יִסַּע‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָסַע‬
9. ‫תֵּצְאִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫יָצָא‬
10. ‫תֵּצְאוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫יָצָא‬
11. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫תִּטּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫נָטָה‬
12. ‫יְִרעוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫ָרעָה‬
13. ‫תִּשָּׂא‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫נָשָׂא‬
14. ‫יֶאֱהַב‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫אָהַב‬
15. ‫יֵַדע‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫יַָדע‬
16. ‫יִסְּעוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫נָסַע‬
17. ‫אֶסַּע‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫נָסַע‬
18. ‫נִגַּע‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫נָגַע‬
19. ‫תַּעֲלִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫עָלָה‬
20. ‫תַּעֲלוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫עָלָה‬
55
Answer Key 17
Waw Conversive
For the Bible translations in this exercise, consult an English translation.
Parsing: Imperfects with Waw Conversive.

1. ‫וַיֹּאמֶר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫אָמַר‬ Waw Conversive
2. ‫וַיִּזְכֹּר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫זָכַר‬ Waw Conversive
3. ‫וָאְֶראֶה‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫ָראָה‬ Waw Conversive
4. ‫וַיָּבֹא‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בּוֹא‬ Waw Conversive
5. ‫וַיַּעַשׂ‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫עָשָׂה‬ Waw Conversive
6. ‫וַיֵֶּרד‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫יַָרד‬ Waw Conversive
7. ‫וַיְִּקָרא‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫ָקָרא‬ Waw Conversive
8. ‫וַיִּסַּע‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָסַע‬ Waw Conversive
9. ‫וַיִּבֶן‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּנָה‬ Waw Conversive
10. ‫וַיֵּלְכוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫הָלְַך‬ Waw Conversive
Parsing: Perfects with Waw Conversive.

1. ‫לְחוּ‬,‫וְשׁ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁלַח‬ Waw Conversive
2. ‫וּשְׁמְַרתֶּם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫שָׁמַר‬ Waw Conversive
3. ָ‫וְכָתַבְתּ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫כָּתַב‬ Waw Conversive
4. ‫וִישַׁבְתֶּם‬ Qal Perfect 2mp ‫יָשַׁב‬ Waw Conversive
5. ‫וְנָתַתִּי‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫נָתַן‬ Waw Conversive
6. ָ‫וְאָהַבְתּ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫אָהַב‬ Waw Conversive
7. ‫וְזָכְַרתִּי‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫זָכַר‬ Waw Conversive
8. ‫וְל<ְקחוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫לַָקח‬ Waw Conversive
9. ‫וְא<מְרוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫אָמַר‬ Waw Conversive
10. ‫וְהָיִיתִי‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫הָיָה‬ Waw Conversive
56
Answer Key 18a
Qal Imperative - Strong Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫כּ<תְבוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫כָּתַב‬
2. ‫תִּכְתְּבוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫כָּתַב‬
3. ‫כִּתְבוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫כָּתַב‬
4. ‫תְִּקבְּצִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫ָקבַץ‬
5. ‫אֶשְׁמְָרה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cs ‫שָׁמַר‬
6. ‫צְתִּי‬.‫ָק ַב‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫ָקבַץ‬
7. ‫ִקבְצִי‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫ָקבַץ‬
8. ‫נָפַל‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫נָפַל‬
9. ‫נִשְׁמְָרה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cp ‫שָׁמַר‬
10. ‫נְפֹל‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫נָפַל‬
11. ‫ְֹרנָה‬.‫תִּזְכּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫זָכַר‬
12. ‫ְֹרנָה‬.‫זְכ‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫זָכַר‬
13. ‫אֶכְְרתָה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cs ‫כַָּרת‬
14. ‫מְרוּ‬,‫שׁ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁמַר‬
15. ‫ְַרנוּ‬.‫שָׁמ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁמַר‬
16. ‫תִּשְׁמְרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫שָׁמַר‬
17. ‫נִכְְרתָה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cp ‫כַָּרת‬
18. ‫שִׁמְרוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁמַר‬
19. ‫ ְֹרנָה‬.‫מְכ‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫מָכַר‬
57
‫‪Answer Key 18a: Qal Imperative - Strong Verbs‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬
‫‪Inflecting Verbs. Give the four Imperative forms for each of the following strong verbs.‬‬
‫‪ms‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫‪mp‬‬ ‫‪fp‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫כָּתַב‬ ‫כְּתֹב‬ ‫כִּתְבִי‬ ‫כִּתְבוּ‬ ‫כְּתֹ‪.‬בְנָה‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫זָכַר‬ ‫זְכֹר‬ ‫זִכְִרי‬ ‫זִכְרוּ‬ ‫זְכֹ‪ְ.‬רנָה‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫שְׁמֹר‬ ‫שִׁמְִרי‬ ‫שִׁמְרוּ‬ ‫שְׁמֹ‪ְ.‬רנָה‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫נָפַל‬ ‫נְפֹל‬ ‫נִפְלִי‬ ‫נִפְלוּ‬ ‫נְפֹ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫ָקטַל‬ ‫ְקטֹל‬ ‫ִקטְלִי‬ ‫ִקטְלוּ‬ ‫ְקטֹ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫שָׁבַר‬ ‫שְׁבֹר‬ ‫שִׁבְִרי‬ ‫שִׁבְרוּ‬ ‫שְׁבֹ‪ְ.‬רנָה‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫סָגַר‬ ‫סְגֹר‬ ‫סִגְִרי‬ ‫סִגְרוּ‬ ‫סְגֹ‪ְ.‬רנָה‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫מָכַר‬ ‫מְכֹר‬ ‫מִכְִרי‬ ‫מִכְרוּ‬ ‫מְכ‪ְֹ.‬רנָה‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫ָקבַץ‬ ‫ְקבֹץ‬ ‫ִקבְצִי‬ ‫ִקבְצוּ‬ ‫ְקבֹ‪.‬צְנָה‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫שָׁפַט‬ ‫שְׁפֹט‬ ‫שִׁפְטִי‬ ‫שִׁפְטוּ‬ ‫שְׁפֹ‪.‬טְנָה‬
Answer Key 18b
Qal Imperative - Weak Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫תִּשְׁלְחִי‬ Qal Imperfect 2fs ‫שָׁלַח‬
2. ‫חְתִּי‬.‫שָׁ ַל‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁלַח‬
3. ‫שִׁלְחִי‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫שָׁלַח‬
4. ‫שָׂבַע‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫שָׂבַע‬
5. ‫שְׂבַע‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׂבַע‬
6. ‫יִשְׂבַּע‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׂבַע‬
7. ‫תִּשְׂבַּע‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫שָׂבַע‬
8. ‫ְראוּ‬,‫ק‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫ָקָרא‬
9. ‫ִקְראוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫ָקָרא‬
10. ‫אנָה‬.‫תְִּקֶר‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫ָקָרא‬
11. ‫אנָה‬.‫ְקֶר‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫ָקָרא‬
12. ‫ע<בְָדה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫עָבַד‬
13. ‫ְֹדנָה‬.‫תַּעֲב‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫עָבַד‬
14. ‫ְדנָה‬.ֹ‫עֲב‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫עָבַד‬
15. ‫עֲבֹד‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫עָבַד‬
59
‫‪Answer Key 18b: Qal Imperative - Weak Verbs‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪Inflecting Verbs. Give the four Imperative forms for each of the following weak verbs.‬‬
‫‪ms‬‬ ‫‪fs‬‬ ‫‪mp‬‬ ‫‪fp‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫שָׁלַח‬ ‫שְׁלַח‬ ‫שִׁלְחִי‬ ‫שִׁלְחוּ‬ ‫שְׁלַ‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫שְׁמַע‬ ‫שִׁמְעִי‬ ‫שִׁמְעוּ‬ ‫שְׁמַ‪.‬עְנָה‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫שָׂבַע‬ ‫שְׂבַע‬ ‫שִׂבְעִי‬ ‫שִׂבְעוּ‬ ‫שְׂבַ‪.‬עְנָה‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫שָׁכַח‬ ‫שְׁכַח‬ ‫שִׁכְחִי‬ ‫שִׁכְחוּ‬ ‫שְׁכַ‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫בָּטַח‬ ‫בְּטַח‬ ‫בִּטְחִי‬ ‫בִּטְחוּ‬ ‫בְּטַ‪.‬חְנָה‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫מָצָא‬ ‫מְצָא‬ ‫מִצְאִי‬ ‫מִצְאוּ‬ ‫מְצֶ‪.‬אנָה‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫אָכַל‬ ‫אֲכֹל‬ ‫אִכְלִי‬ ‫אִכְלוּ‬ ‫אֲכֹ‪.‬לְנָה‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫ָקָרא‬ ‫ְקָרא‬ ‫ִקְראִי‬ ‫ִקְראוּ‬ ‫ְקֶר‪.‬אנָה‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫עָבַד‬ ‫עְבֹד‬ ‫עִבְִדי‬ ‫עִבְדוּ‬ ‫עֲבֹ‪ְ.‬דנָה‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫חָטָא‬ ‫חֲטָא‬ ‫חִטְאִי‬ ‫חִטְאוּ‬ ‫חֲטֶ‪.‬אנָה‬
Answer Key 18c
Qal Imperative - Weak Verbs

Parsing.

1. ‫עֲלֵה‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫עָלָה‬
2. ‫סַע‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫נָסַע‬
3. ‫ַדּע‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫יַָדע‬
4. ‫ע<לְתָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫עָלָה‬
5. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫עֲל‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫עָלָה‬
6. ‫לְנָה‬.‫נְ ֹפ‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫נָפַל‬
7. ‫אנָה‬.ֶ‫שׂ‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫נָשָׂא‬
8. ‫שְׂאוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫נָשָׂא‬
9. ‫עֲשִׂי‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫עָשָׂה‬
10. ‫עֲשׂוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫עָשָׂה‬
11. ‫נָה‬.‫צְ ֶא‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫יָצָא‬
12. ‫וּמִי‬.‫ק‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫קוּם‬
13. ‫בְּנֶ>ינָה‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫בָּנָה‬
14. ‫יִבְנֶה‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּנָה‬
15. ‫נִגְדוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫נָגַד‬
16. ‫סְעוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫נָסַע‬
17. ‫עְנָה‬.‫ַדּ‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫יַָדע‬
18. ‫ַרשׁ‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫יַָרשׁ‬
19. ‫ְרשִׁי‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫יַָרשׁ‬
20. ‫שְׁנוּ‬.‫יַָר‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫יַָרשׁ‬
21. ‫קוּם‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫קוּם‬
61
Answer Key 18c: Qal Imperative - Weak Verbs 62
22. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫נְט‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫נָטָה‬

23. ‫נְטֵה‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫נָטָה‬
24. ‫נְטִי‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫נָטָה‬
25. ‫נְטוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫נָטָה‬
26. ‫ימוּ‬.ִ‫תָּשׂ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫שִׂים‬
27. ‫ִימוּ‬.‫שׂ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫שִׂים‬
28. ‫בּוֹא‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫בּוֹא‬
29. ‫בּוֹאִי‬ Qal Imperative 2fs ‫בּוֹא‬
30. ‫בְנָה‬.ֹ‫ס‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫סָבַב‬
31. ‫ֹבּוּ‬.‫ס‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫סָבַב‬
32. ‫עֲנֵה‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫עָנָה‬
33. ‫עֲּנוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫עָנָה‬
34. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫ְרא‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫ָראָה‬
35. ‫ְראוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫ָראָה‬
Answer Key 19

Parsing: Part 1.
Stem Conjugation PGN Lexical Form Suffix

1. ‫גְּאַלְתִּיָך‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫גָּאַל‬ 2ms
2. ‫זְכְַרתַּנִי‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫זָכַר‬ 1cs
3. ‫חֲשָׁבָהּ‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫חָשַׁב‬ 3fs
4. ‫יְלַָדתְָך‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫יָלַד‬ 2ms
5. ‫יְלַָדתְנִי‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫יָלַד‬ 1cs
6. ‫מְצָאתִיהוּ‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫מָצָא‬ 3ms
7. ‫עֲבָָדהּ‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫עָבַד‬ 3fs
8. ‫עֲבָדוּם‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫עָבַד‬ 3mp
9. ‫עֲזָבַנִי‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫עָזַב‬ 1cs
10. ‫עֲזַבְנֻהוּ‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫עָזַב‬ 3ms
11. ‫עֲזַבְתִּיְך‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫עָזַב‬ 2fs
12. ‫עֲזָבוְּך‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫עָזַב‬ 2fs
13. ‫ְרָדפוּנִי‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫ָרַדף‬ 1cs
14. ‫שְׁחָטוֹ‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫שָׁחַט‬ 3ms
15. ‫שְׁלַחְתָּנוּ‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁלַח‬ 1cp
63
Answer Key 19: Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs 64
Parsing: Part 2.

1. ‫אֶבְחֵָרהוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫בָּחַר‬ 3ms
2. ‫יִבְנֵם‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּנָה‬ 3mp
3. ‫אֶבְנְֵך‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫בָּנָה‬ 2fs
4. ‫יִגְאָלֶנּוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫גָּאַל‬ 3ms
5. ‫תְִּדְרשֻׁהוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫ָדַּרשׁ‬ 3ms
6. ‫אֶזְָרעֵם‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫זַָרע‬ 3mp
7. ‫יַהְַרגֵהוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫הַָרג‬ 3ms
8. ‫יַהְַרגֻהוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫הַָרג‬ 3ms
9. ‫אֶזְכְֶּרנּוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫זָכַר‬ 3ms
10. ‫אֶעֱבְָדָך‬ Qal Imperfect 1cs ‫עָבַד‬ 2ms
11. ָ‫נַעַבְֶדּךּ‬ Qal Imperfect 1cp ‫עָבַד‬ 2ms
12. ‫יַעַבְֻדנִי‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫עָבַד‬ 1cs
13. ‫שְָׁך‬,‫יִיר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫יַָרשׁ‬ 2ms
14. ‫יִיָרשׁוּם‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫יַָרשׁ‬ 3mp
15. ‫יִיָרשֻׁם‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫יַָרשׁ‬ 3mp
Answer Key 19: Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs 65
Parsing: Part 3.

1. ‫כָּתְבָהּ‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫כָּתַב‬ 3fs
2. ‫כָּתְבֵם‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫כָּתַב‬ 3mp
3. ‫עָזְֵרנִי‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫עָזַר‬ 1cs
4. ‫עִבְֻדהוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫עָבַד‬ 3ms
5. ‫ִדְּרשׁוּנִי‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫ָדַּרשׁ‬ 1cs
6. ‫תִּפְשׂוּם‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫תָּפַשׂ‬ 3mp
7. ָ‫עִזְבוּה‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫עָזַב‬ 3fs
8. ‫עִזְבֻנִי‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫עָזַב‬ 1cs
9. ‫שְׁמָעֵנִי‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁמַע‬ 1cs
10. ‫שְׁמָעֶנָּה‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁמַע‬ 3fs
11. ‫שְׁמָעוּנִי‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁמַע‬ 1cs
12. ‫שְׁלָחֵנִי‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁלַח‬ 1cs
13. ‫גְּאָלָהּ‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫גָּאַל‬ 3fs
Answer Key 20

Parsing: Strong and Weak Verbs.

1. ‫לִזְכֹּר‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫זָכַר‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
2. ‫לִשְׁכֹּן‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫שָׁכַן‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
3. ‫ָקטְלְָך‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫ָקטַל‬ 2ms suffix
4. ‫כָּתְבְָך‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫כָּתַב‬ 2ms suffix
5. ‫לְָקבְצִי‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫ָקבַץ‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
1cs suffix
6. ‫בְנָה‬.ֹ‫כְּת‬ Qal Imperative 2fp ‫כָּתַב‬
7. ‫בְנָה‬.ֹ‫תִּכְתּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫כָּתַב‬
8. ‫בְנוּ‬.ַ‫כָּת‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫כָּתַב‬
9. ‫עֲבֹד‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָבַד‬
Qal Imperative 2ms ‫עָבַד‬
10. ַ‫שְֹׁלח‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫שָׁלַח‬
11. ‫ָקְראִי‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫ָקָרא‬ 1cs suffix
12. ‫לְִקֹרא‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫ָקָרא‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
13. ‫בְּנוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫בָּנָה‬
14. ‫עֲלוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָלָה‬
15. ‫עֲשׂוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָשָׂה‬
16. ‫לַעֲשׂוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָשָׂה‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
17. ‫לַעֲשׂוֹתָם‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָשָׂה‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
3mp suffix
18. ‫זִכְרוּ‬ Qal Imperative 2mp ‫זָכַר‬
19. ‫ז<כְרוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫זָכַר‬
66
Answer Key 20: Qal Infinitive Construct 67
20. ‫בְּמָצְאוֹ‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫מָצָא‬ ְ‫ בּ‬preposition

3ms suffix
21. ‫לִהְיוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫הָיָה‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
22. ‫לְעָבְָדהּ‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָבַד‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
3fs suffix
23. ‫וּלְשָׁמְָרהּ‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫שָׁמַר‬ ‫ ְו‬conjunction
ְ‫ ל‬preposition
3fs suffix
24. ‫לְִראוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫ָראָה‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
25. ‫כְּשָׁמְעִי‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫שָׁמַע‬ ְ‫ כּ‬preposition
1cs suffix
26. ‫לֶאֱכֹל‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫אָכַל‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
27. ‫תִּזְכְּרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫זָכַר‬
28. ‫לַעֲבֹד‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫עָבַד‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
29. ‫לָמוּת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫מוּת‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
30. ‫וּבוֹאֶָך‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫בּוֹא‬ ‫ ְו‬conjunction
2ms suffix
Parsing: I-‫ נ‬and I- ‫ י‬Verbs.

1. ‫עַת‬.ּ‫ַד‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫יַָדע‬
2. ‫עַת‬.‫לַָד‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫יַָדע‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
3. ‫שֶׁת‬.‫ֶר‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫יַָרשׁ‬
4. ‫לְִרשְׁתָּהּ‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫יַָרשׁ‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
3fs suffix
5. ‫כֶת‬.‫לָ ֶל‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫הָלְַך‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
6. ‫צֵאתְָך‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫יָצָא‬ 2ms suffix
7. ‫לָתֵת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫נָתַן‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
8. ‫גֶּ>שֶׁת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫נָגַשׁ‬
9. ‫שֵׂאת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫נָשָׂא‬
10. ‫שְׂאֵת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫נָשָׂא‬
Answer Key 21

Note that the Hebrew Composition exercise in the workbook constitutes the answer key for
the earlier translation exercise. These answer keys will not be repeated below. Additionally,
translations will not be given for the Bible texts. Consult an English translation when necessary.
Parsing.
1. ‫שָׁמוֹר‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫שָׁמַר‬
2. ‫נָפוֹל‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫נָפַל‬
3. ‫עָמֹד‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫עָמַד‬
4. ‫עָזֹב‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫עָזַב‬
5. ַ‫שָׁלוֹח‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫שָׁלַח‬
6. ‫שְׁלַח‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁלַח‬
7. ‫אָמוֹר‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫אָמַר‬
8. ַ‫שָׁמוֹע‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫שָׁמַע‬
9. ַ‫שְׁמֹע‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫שָׁמַע‬
10. ‫שְׁמַע‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁמַע‬
11. ‫הָלוְֹך‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫הָלְַך‬
12. ‫עָֹלה‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫עָלָה‬
14. ‫עֲלֵה‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫עָלָה‬
15. ‫בָּחוֹר‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫בָּחַר‬
16. ‫בָּחֹר‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫בָּחַר‬
17. ‫בָּחַר‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫בָּחַר‬
18. ‫קוֹם‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫קוּם‬
19. ‫קוּם‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫קוּם‬
20. ‫ָקם‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫קוּם‬
21. ‫שׂוֹם‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫שִׂים‬
22. ‫שָׂם‬ Qal Perfect 3ms ‫שִׂים‬
23. ‫שִׂים‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫שִׂים‬
Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שִׂים‬
68
Answer Key 22
Qal Participle
Parsing.

1. ‫כֶת‬.‫הֹ ֶל‬ Qal Participle fs ‫הָלְַך‬
2. ‫הֹלְכָה‬ Qal Participle fs ‫הָלְַך‬
3. ‫עֹשִׂים‬ Qal Participle mp ‫עָשָׂה‬
4. ‫אֹמְִרים‬ Qal Participle mp ‫אָמַר‬
5. ‫ֹראֶה‬ Qal Participle ms ‫ָראָה‬
6. ‫ה<לְכָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫הָלְַך‬
7. ‫שֹׁמֵר‬ Qal Participle ms ‫שָׁמַר‬
8. ‫שְׁמֹר‬ Qal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁמַר‬
Qal Inf Construct ‫שָׁמַר‬
9. ‫שָׁמוֹר‬ Qal Inf Absolute ‫שָׁמַר‬
10. ‫ֹרעָה‬ Qal Participle fs ‫ָרעָה‬
11. ‫עֹלוֹת‬ Qal Participle fp ‫עָלָה‬
12. ‫ֹקֵראת‬ Qal Participle fs ‫ָקָרא‬
13. ‫ָקמִים‬ Qal Participle mp ‫קוּם‬
14. ‫בֹּטְחִים‬ Qal Participle mp ‫בָּטַח‬
15. ‫אֶשְׁלְחָה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cs ‫שָׁלַח‬
16. ‫יֹצֵאת‬ Qal Participle fs ‫יָצָא‬
17. ‫חַת‬.‫בַֹּר‬ Qal Participle fs ‫בַָּרח‬
18. ‫בָּאִים‬ Qal Participle mp ‫בּוֹא‬
19. ‫עֹנֶה‬ Qal Participle ms ‫עָנָה‬
20. ‫עָזוּב‬ Qal Passive Ptc ms ‫עָזַב‬
69
Answer Key 22: Qal Participle 70
21. ‫צֹעֲקוֹת‬ Qal Participle fp ‫צָעַק‬

22. ַ‫פָּתוּח‬ Qal Passive Ptc ms ‫פָּתַח‬
23. ‫עֹשׂוֹת‬ Qal Participle fp ‫עָשָׂה‬
24. ‫ֹרעוֹת‬ Qal Participle fp ‫ָרעָה‬
25. ‫בְֹּרחִים‬ Qal Participle mp ‫בַָּרח‬
Inflecting Verbs.
1. Qal Participle mp ‫הָלְַך‬ ‫הֹלְכִים‬
2. Qal Participle fs ‫מָצָא‬ ‫מֹצֵאת‬
3. Qal Participle fs ‫מָצָא‬ ‫מֹצְאָה‬
4. Qal Participle fp ‫עָמַד‬ ‫עֹמְדוֹת‬
5. Qal Participle ms ‫בַָּרח‬ ַ‫בֵֹּרח‬
6. Qal Participle ms ‫אָכַל‬ ‫אֹכֵל‬
7. Qal Participle mp ‫צָעַק‬ ‫צֹעֲִקים‬
8. Qal Participle ms ‫גָּאַל‬ ‫גֹּאֵל‬
9. Qal Participle ms ‫שָׁלַח‬ ַ‫שֹׁלֵח‬
10. Qal Participle fp ‫צָעַק‬ ‫צֹעֲקוֹת‬
11. Qal Participle fs ‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫עַת‬.ַ‫שֹׁמ‬
12. Qal Participle fs ‫שָׁמַע‬ ‫שֹׁמְעָה‬
13. Qal Participle fp ‫יָצָא‬ ‫יֹצְאוֹת‬
14. Qal Participle mp ‫ָקָרא‬ ‫ֹקְראִים‬
15. Qal Participle fs ‫שָׁלַח‬ ‫חַת‬.ַ‫שֹׁל‬
Answer Key 24
The Niphal Stem - Strong Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
‫נִ קְטַל‬ ‫יִ קָּטֵל‬ ‫הִ קָּטֵל‬ ‫הִ קָּטֵל‬ ‫נִקְטוֹל‬ ‫נִ קְטָל‬
Parsing.
1. ‫יִפֵָּקד‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫פַָּקד‬

2. ‫נִשְׁמְַרתֶּן‬ Niphal Perfect 2fp ‫שָׁמַר‬
3. ‫בְנָה‬.‫תִּכָּ ַת‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫כָּתַב‬
4. ‫הִזּ<כְרוּ‬ Niphal Imperative 2mp ‫זָכַר‬
5. ‫נִכְתָּבִים‬ Niphal Participle mp ‫כָּתַב‬
6. ‫הִשָּׁלְֵך‬ Niphal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬
Niphal Inf Construct ‫שָׁלְַך‬
7. ‫נִשָּׁלְֵך‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cp ‫שָׁלְַך‬
8. ‫נְִקטַל‬ Niphal Perfect 3ms ‫ָקטַל‬
9. ‫נְִקטָל‬ Niphal Participle ms ‫ָקטַל‬
10. ‫הִָקּבֵץ‬ Niphal Imperative 2ms ‫ָקבַץ‬
Niphal Inf Construct ‫ָקבַץ‬
11. ‫בְִרי‬,‫תִּקּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 2fs ‫ָקבַר‬
12. ‫נִזְכָּרוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫זָכַר‬
13. ‫נִשְׁבְּרוּ‬ Niphal Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁבַר‬
14. ‫בְרוּ‬,‫הִשּׁ‬ Niphal Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁבַר‬
15. ‫בְרוּ‬,‫תִּשּׁ‬ Niphal Imperfect 2mp ‫שָׁבַר‬
16. ‫ְדתִּי‬.ַ‫נִשְׁמ‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁמַד‬
71
Answer Key 24: The Niphal Stem - Strong Verbs 72
17. ‫נִכְתּוֹב‬ Niphal Inf Absolute ‫כָּתַב‬

18. ‫הִכָּתוֹב‬ Niphal Inf Absolute ‫כָּתַב‬
19. ‫ְַרנָה‬.‫הִשָּׁמ‬ Niphal Imperative 2fp ‫שָׁמַר‬
20. ‫הִכּ<תְבִי‬ Niphal Imperative 2fs ‫כָּתַב‬
Niphal Inf Construct ‫כָּתַב‬ 1cs suffix
More Diagnostics.
1. ‫יִ ּפ ָקֵד‬
2. ‫נִשְׁמְַרתֶּן‬
3. ‫כְרוּ‬,ּ ‫הִז‬
4. ‫נִ כְ ָתּבִים‬
5. ‫ה ּ ִָשׁלְֵך‬
6. ‫נְִִקטַל‬
7. ‫נ ִקְטָל‬
8. ‫בְרוּ‬, ּ‫הִשׁ‬
9. ‫נִכְתּוֹב‬
10. ‫הִכָּתוֹב‬
Answer Key 24: The Niphal Stem - Strong Verbs 73
Translation.
The prophets will be remembered. ‫יִזּ<כְרוּ הַנְּבִיאִים‬ (1)
They (mp) will remember the prophets. ‫יִזְכְּרוּ אֶת–הַנְּבִיאִים‬ (2)
The prophets remembered. ‫<זכְרוּ הַנְּבִיאִים‬ (3)
The prophets were remembered. ‫נִזְכְּרוּ הַנְּבִיאִים‬ (4)
You (ms) remember the prophets! ‫זְכֹר אֶת–הַנְּבִיאִים‬ (5)
You (mp) will remember the prophets. ‫תִּזְכְּרוּ אֶת–הַנְּבִיאִים‬ (6)
You (mp) observe the commandments of the king! ‫מֶּלְֶך‬. ַ‫שִׁמְרוּ אֶת–מִצְוֹת ה‬ (7)
The commandments of the king will be observed. ‫לְֶך‬. ֶ‫מְַרנָה מִצְוֹת הַמּ‬. ָ‫תִּשּׁ‬ (8)
The commandment of the king was observed. ‫מֶּלְֶך‬. ַ‫נִשְׁמְָרה מִצְוַת ה‬ (9)
He observed the commandment of the king. ‫מֶּלְֶך‬. ַ‫שָׁמַר אֶת–מִצְוַת ה‬ (10)
They observed the commandments of the king. ‫מֶּלְֶך‬. ַ‫שׁמְרוּ אֶת–מִצְוֹת ה‬, (11)
You (fp) observe the commandment of the king. ‫לְֶך‬.ֶ‫מְֹרנָה אֶת–מִצְוַת הַמּ‬. ְ‫שׁ‬ (12)
The daughter of the judge was sent to the wilderness. ‫ְִדבָָּרה‬

. ‫נִשְׁלְחָה בַּת הַשֹּׁפֵט מ‬ (13)
The daughter of the judge will be sent to the wilderness. ‫ְִדבָָּרה‬

. ‫תִּשָּׁלֵחַ בַּת הַשֹּׁפֵט מ‬ (14)
The son of the king will be cut off from upon the throne. ‫לְֶך מֵעַל הַכִּסֵּא‬.‫יִכֵָּרת בֶּן–ה ֶַמּ‬ (15)
Answer Key 25a
The Niphal Stem - Weak Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
III-‫א‬ ‫נִמְצָא‬ ‫יִ ָּמצֵא‬ ‫הִ ָּמצֵא‬ ‫הִ ָּמצֵא‬ ‫נִמְצוֹא‬ ‫נִמְצָא‬
III-‫ה‬ ‫נִבְנָה‬ ‫יִבָּנֶה‬ ‫הִבָּנֵה‬ ‫הִבָּנוֹת‬ ‫נִבְנֹה‬ ‫נִבְנֶה‬
Parsing.
1. ‫נִשְׁמַע‬ Niphal Perfect 3ms ‫שָׁמַע‬
2. ‫נִשָּׁמַע‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cp ‫שָׁמַע‬
3. ‫נִשְׁמְעוּ‬ Niphal Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁמַע‬
4. ‫תִּבּ<טְחִי‬ Niphal Imperfect 2fs ‫בָּטַח‬
5. ‫הִבּ<טְחִי‬ Niphal Imperative 2fs ‫בָּטַח‬
6. ‫נְִקְראוּ‬ Niphal Perfect 3cp ‫ָקָרא‬
7. ‫ְראוּ‬,‫תִּקּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 2mp ‫ָקָרא‬
8. ‫הִכָּסֵה‬ Niphal Imperative 2ms ‫כָּסָה‬
9. ‫הִכָּסוּ‬ Niphal Imperative 2mp ‫כָּסָה‬
10. ‫יִכָּסוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫כָּסָה‬
11. ‫ֶאנָה‬.‫תִּמָּצ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
12. ‫ֶאנָה‬.‫הִמָּצ‬ Niphal Imperative 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
13. ‫אֶשָּׁמַע‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׁמַע‬
14. ‫נְִקֵראנוּ‬ Niphal Perfect 1cp ‫ָקָרא‬
15. ‫ְראוּ‬,‫יִקּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫ָקָרא‬
16. ‫ְראוּ‬,‫הִקּ‬ Niphal Imperative 2mp ‫ָקָרא‬
17. ‫נְִקָראוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫ָקָרא‬
18. ‫יִשָּׁתֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁתָה‬
19. ָ‫ֵית‬.‫נִשְׁתּ‬ Niphal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁתָה‬
20. ‫תִּשָּׁתִי‬ Niphal Imperfect 2fs ‫שָׁתָה‬
74
Answer Key 25a: The Niphal Stem - Weak Verbs 75
Translation.
Songs of joy will be heard in the land. ‫ָאֶָרץ‬. ‫מְעוּ שִׁיֵרי שִׂמְחָה בּ‬,‫יִשּׁ‬ (1)
Songs of joy were heard in the land. ‫ָאֶָרץ‬. ‫נִשְׁמְעוּ שִׁיֵרי שִׂמְחָה בּ‬ (2)
They will hear songs of joy in the land. ‫ָאֶָרץ‬. ‫יִשְׁמְעוּ שִׁיֵרי שִׂמְחָה בּ‬ (3)
A song of joy was heard in the land. ‫ָאֶָרץ‬. ‫נִשְׁמַע שִׁיר שִׂמְחָה בּ‬ (4)
We will hear a song of joy in the land.
The son of the prophet was sent to the king. ‫לְֶך‬.‫נִשְׁלַח בֶּן–הַנָּבִיא אֶל–ה ֶַמּ‬ (5)
We will send the son of the prophet to the king. ‫לְֶך‬.‫נִשְׁלַח אֶת–בֶּן–הַנָּבִיא אֶל–ה ֶַמּ‬ (6)
We will be sent to the palace of the king. ‫ַמּלְֶך‬.ֶ ‫נִשָּׁלַח אֶל–הֵיכַל ה‬ (7)
Great cities will be built in the land. ‫ֶָרץ‬.‫תִּבָּ >נֶינָה עִָרים גְּדוֹלוֹת בָּא‬ (8)
They (fp) or you (fp) will build great cities in the land. ‫ֶָרץ‬.‫תִּבְ >נֶינָה עִָרים גְּדוֹלוֹת בָּא‬ (9)
We will build great cities in the land. ‫ָאֶָרץ‬. ‫נִבְנֶה עִָרים גְּדוֹלוֹת בּ‬ (10)
Great cities were built in the land. ‫ֶָרץ‬.‫נִבְנוּ עִָרים גְּדוֹלוֹת בָּא‬ (11)
They built great cities in the land. ‫ֶָרץ‬.‫בָּנוּ עִָרים גְּדוֹלוֹת בָּא‬ (12)
We built great cities in the land. ‫ֶָרץ‬. ‫בָּנִ>ינוּ עִָרים גְּדוֹלוֹת בָּא‬ (13)
The gate of the city was opened. ‫עַר הָעִִיר‬.ַ‫נִפְתַּח שׁ‬ (14)
You (mp) open the gate of the city! ‫שַׁעַר הָעִיר‬. –‫פִּתְחוּ אֶת‬ (15)
Answer Key 25b
The Niphal Stem - Weak Verbs
Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
I-‫נ‬ ‫נִ ַצ ּל‬ ‫יִנ ָּצֵל‬ ‫הִנ ָּצֵל‬ ‫הִנ ָּצֵל‬ ‫הִנ ָּצֵל‬ ‫נִצָ ּל‬
I-‫י‬ ‫נוֹשַׁב‬ ‫ִיוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫הִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫הִוָּשֵׁב‬ ‫נוֹשָׁב‬
Parsing.

1. ‫ְרנוּ‬.ַ‫נֶעֱב‬ Niphal Perfect 1cp ‫עָבַר‬
2. ‫נֶעֶבְָרה‬ Niphal Perfect 3fs ‫עָבַר‬
3. ‫תֵּעָבֵר‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫עָבַר‬
4. ‫נֵעָבֵר‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cp ‫עָבַר‬
5. ‫הֵחָשֵׁב‬ Niphal Imperative 2ms ‫חָשַׁב‬
Niphal Inf Construct ‫חָשַׁב‬
6. ‫בְנָה‬.ַ‫תֵּחָשׁ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫חָשַׁב‬
7. ‫נוַֹדעְתֶּם‬ Niphal Perfect 2mp ‫יַָדע‬
8. ‫תִּוּ<ְדעִי‬ Niphal Imperfect 2fs ‫יַָדע‬
9. ‫הִוּ<ְדעִי‬ Niphal Imperative 2fs ‫יַָדע‬
10. ‫נִגַּעְתֶּם‬ Niphal Perfect 2mp ‫נָגַע‬
11. ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫נִפּ‬ Niphal Perfect 1cp ‫נָפַל‬
12. ‫נַעֲשׂוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫עָשָׂה‬
13. ‫תֵּעָנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫עָנָה‬
14. ‫אֵעָנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cs ‫עָנָה‬
15. ‫נֵעָנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cp ‫עָנָה‬
76
Answer Key 25b: The Niphal Stem - Weak Verbs 77
16. ‫ְַדתִּי‬.‫נוֹל‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫יָלַד‬

17. ‫יִוּ<לְדוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫יָלַד‬
18. ‫בֶת‬.‫שׁ‬
ֶ ‫נוֹ‬ Niphal Participle fs ‫יָשַׁב‬
19. ‫נוֹשָׁבִים‬ Niphal Participle mp ‫יָשַׁב‬
20. ‫בְנָה‬.‫שׁ‬ַ ָ‫הִוּ‬ Niphal Imperative 2fp ‫יָשַׁב‬
Translation.
The city was abandoned. ‫נֶעֶזְבָה הָעִיר‬ (1)
The city will be abandoned. ‫תֵּעָזֵב הָעִיר‬ (2)
You (fs) abandon the city! ‫עִזְבִי אֶת–הָעִיר‬ (3)
The abandoned cities will be burned. ‫ַָרפְנָה הֶעִָרים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת‬. ‫תִּשּׂ‬ (4)
You (mp) will burn the abandoned city. ‫תִּשְְׂרפוּ אֶת–הָעִיר הַנֶּעֱזָבָה‬ (5)
You (fp) burn the abandoned cities! ‫פְנָה אֶת–הֶעִָרים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת‬.‫שְֹׂר‬ (6)
The commandments of God will be known in all the ‫ָאֶָרץ‬. ‫ַָדעְנָה מִצְוֹת אֱֹלהִים בְּכָל–ה‬. ‫תִּוּ‬ (7)
earth.
The wicked men of the city will be killed. ‫יֵה<ְרגוּ אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר הְָרשָׁעִים‬ (8)
The boy was born in a small city. ‫נוֹלַד הַ >יֶּלֶד בְּעִיר ְקטַנָּה‬ (9)
The girl was born in a small city. ‫נוֹלְָדה הַיַּלְָדּה בְּעִיר ְקטַנָּה‬ (10)
The girl will be born in a small city. ‫תִּוָּלֵד הַיַּלְָדּה בְּעִיר ְקטַנָּה‬ (11)
My eyes will be lifted up to the mountains. ‫יִנָּשְׂאוּ עֵינַי אֶל–הֶהִָרים‬ (12)
I will lift up my eyes to the mountains. ‫אֶשָּׂא אֶת–עֵינַי אֶל–הֶהִָרים‬ (13)
In the battle we were delivered from the enemy. ‫צַּלְנוּ מֵהָאֹיֵב‬. ִ‫בַּמִּלְחָמָה נ‬ (14)
In the battle you (mp) will be delivered from the enemy. ‫בַּמִּלְחָמָה תּ <ִנּצְלוּ מֵהָאֹיֵב‬ (15)
We will be given a little bread. ‫לחֶם‬.ֶ ‫נִנָּתֵן מְעַט‬ (16)
They were given a little bread. ‫לחֶם‬.ֶ ‫נִתְּנוּ מְעַט‬ (17)
We were given a little bread. ‫לחֶם‬.ֶ ‫נּוּ מְעַט‬.ַ‫נִתּ‬ (18)
They gave a little bread. ‫חֶם‬.‫<נתְנוּ מְעַט ֶל‬ (19)
We gave a little bread. ‫לחֶם‬.ֶ ‫נּוּ מְעַט‬.ַ‫נָת‬ (20)

Answer Key 26
The Piel Stem - Strong Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
‫קִ ֵטּל‬ ‫יְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מְ קַ ּטֵל‬
Parsing.
1. ‫שְׁתִּי‬.ּ‫בִּ ַקּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫בַָּקשׁ‬
2. ‫תְּבְַקּשִׁי‬ Piel Imperfect 2fs ‫בַָּקשׁ‬
3. ‫בְַּקּשׁוּ‬ Piel Imperative 2mp ‫בַָּקשׁ‬
4. ‫מְבֵַקּשׁ‬ Piel Participle ms ‫בַָּקשׁ‬
5. ‫אֲַדבֵּר‬ Piel Imperfect 1cs ‫ָדּבַר‬
6. ‫מְַדבְּרוֹת‬ Piel Participle fp ‫ָדּבַר‬
7. ‫ִדּבְּרוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫ָדּבַר‬
8. ‫יְַדבְּרוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 3mp ‫ָדּבַר‬
9. ‫ְֵרנָה‬.‫תְּסַפּ‬ Piel Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫סָפַר‬
10. ‫סַפֵּר‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫סָפַר‬
Piel Inf Construct ‫סָפַר‬
Piel Inf Absolute ‫סָפַר‬
11. ְ‫סִפְַּרתּ‬ Piel Perfect 2fs ‫סָפַר‬
12. ‫מְסַפְָּרה‬ Piel Participle fs ‫סָפַר‬
13. ‫ֶֶרת‬.ּ ‫מְסַפּ‬ Piel Participle fs ‫סָפַר‬
14. ‫מְגְַדּלִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫גַָּדל‬
15. ‫גַּדּוֹל‬ Piel Inf Absolute ‫גַָּדל‬
16. ‫נְגֵַדּל‬ Piel Imperfect 1cp ‫גַָּדל‬
17. ‫לְנוּ‬.ּ‫גִַּד‬ Piel Perfect 1cp ‫גַָּדל‬
18. ‫ְדנָה‬.ֵ‫לַמּ‬ Piel Imperative 2fp ‫לָמַד‬
19. ‫לִמֵּד‬ Piel Perfect 3ms ‫לָמַד‬
20. ‫לַמֵּד‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫לָמַד‬
Piel Inf Construct ‫לָמַד‬
Piel Inf Absolute ‫לָמַד‬
78
Answer Key 26: The Piel Stem - Strong Verbs 79
More Diagnostics.
1. ‫מְבֵַקּשׁ‬
2. ‫מְדַבְּרוֹת‬
3. ‫מְסַ ּפְָרה‬
4. ‫פֶֶרת‬. ּ ַ‫מְס‬
5. ‫מְג ַ ְדּלִים‬
6. ‫יְדַבְּרוּ‬
7. ‫לַ ּמֵד‬
8. ‫לִ ּמֵד‬
9. ְ‫סִ ּפְַרתּ‬
10. ‫לְנוּ‬.ּ‫גּ ִ ַד‬
Translation.
You (ms) seek prayer! ‫בֵַּקּשׁ תְּפִלָּה‬ (1)
You (mp) seek prayer! ‫בְַּקּשׁוּ תְּפִלָּה‬ (2)
I will seek his steadfast love. ‫אֲבֵַקּשׁ אֶת–חַסְדוֹ‬ (3)
The young man is seeking the flock(s) of his father. ‫הַ >נַּעַר מְבֵַקּשׁ אֶת–צֹאן אָבִיו‬ (4)
The women will seek the daughter of Pharaoh. ‫שְׁנָה הַנָּשִׁים אֶת–בַּת פְַּרעֹה‬.ּ‫תְּבֵַק‬ (5)
The kings spoke to them according to these words. ‫לֶּה‬. ֵ‫ִדּבְּרוּ הַמְּלָכִים אֲלֵיהֶם כְַּדּבִָרים הָא‬ (6)
The king spoke to them according to these words. ‫ָאֵלֶּה‬. ‫מֶּלְֶך אֲלֵיהֶם כְַּדּבִָרים ה‬. ַ‫וַיְַדבֵּר ה‬ (7)
You (mp) speak to the servants! ‫ַדּבְּרוּ אֶל–הָעֲבִָדים‬ (8)
The kings spoke to the servants. ‫ִדּבְּרוּ הַמּ ְָלכִים אֶל–הָעֲבִָדים‬ (9)
He made known the dream (told the dream) to his brothers. ‫וַיְסַפֵּר אֶת–הַחֲלוֹם אֶל–אֶחָיו‬ (10)
What will you (ms) seek? or What do you (ms) seek? ‫מַה–תְּבֵַקּשׁ‬ (11)
The men of the city broke the tablet of stone (stone ‫ָאבֶן‬.ֶ ‫<שׁבְרוּ אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אֶת–לוּחַ ה‬ (12)
tablet).
The men of the city smashed the tablets of the law. ‫שִׁבְּרוּ אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר אֶת–לוּחוֹת הַתּוָֹרה‬ (13)
The laws of the great king will be observed. ‫מֶּלְֶך הַגָּדוֹל‬. ַ‫מְַרנָה תּוֹרוֹת ה‬. ָ‫תִּשּׁ‬ (14)
You (fp) observe the law of the upright king. ‫מֶּלְֶך הַיָּשָׁר‬. ַ‫ְמְֹרנָה אֶת–תּוַֹרת ה‬. ‫שׁ‬ (15)
Answer Key 27a
The Piel Stem - Weak Verbs
Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
III-‫א‬ ‫מִצ ֵּא‬ ‫יְמַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מְמַצ ֵּא‬
‫מַצ ֹּא‬
III-‫ה‬ ‫גִּלָּה‬ ‫יְגַלֶּה‬ ‫גּ ַלֵּה‬ ‫גּ ַלּוֹת‬ ‫גּ ַלֵּה‬ ‫מְגַלֶּה‬
Parsing.

1. ‫ֵאתִי‬.‫מִלּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫מָלֵא‬
2. ‫מִלְּאָה‬ Piel Perfect 3fs ‫מָלֵא‬
3. ‫אֲמַלֵּא‬ Piel Imperfect 1cs ‫מָלֵא‬
4. ‫מַלֵּא‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫מָלֵא‬
Piel Inf Construct ‫מָלֵא‬
5. ‫מְמַלֵּא‬ Piel Participle ms ‫מָלֵא‬
6. ‫מְמַלְּאוֹת‬ Piel Participle fp ‫מָלֵא‬
7. ‫אנָה‬.ֶ‫תִּמָּצ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
8. ‫אנָה‬.ֶ‫הִמָּצ‬ Niphal Imperative 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
9. ‫תְּכַלֶּה‬ Piel Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫כָּלָה‬
10. ‫כִּלּוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫כָּלָה‬
11. ‫כַּלּוּ‬ Piel Imperative 2mp ‫כָּלָה‬
12. ‫כַּלּוֹת‬ Piel Inf Construct ‫כָּלָה‬
13. ‫מְכַלּוֹת‬ Piel Participle fp ‫כָּלָה‬
14. ‫כִּלִּיתֶם‬ Piel Perfect 2mp ‫כָּלָה‬
15. ‫ינוּ‬. ִ‫כִּסּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cp ‫כָּסָה‬
80
Answer Key 27a: The Piel Stem - Weak Verbs 81
16. ‫כִּסּוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫כָּסָה‬

17. ‫מְכַסִּים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫כָּסָה‬
18. ‫יְכַסֶּה‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫כָּסָה‬
19. ‫וַיְכַס‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫כָּסָה‬ Waw Conversive
20. ‫צִוָּה‬ Piel Perfect 3ms ‫צָוָה‬
21. ‫צִוְּתָה‬ Piel Perfect 3fs ‫צָוָה‬
22. ‫יְצַוֶּה‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫צָוָה‬
23. ‫וַיְצַו‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫צָוָה‬ Waw Conversive
24. ‫מְצַוֶּה‬ Piel Participle ms ‫צָוָה‬
25. ‫מ<צְאוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫מָצָא‬
Answer Key 27b
The Piel Stem - Weak Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
II-Gutt ‫נִחַם‬ ‫יְנ ַחֵם‬ ‫נ ַחֵם‬ ‫נ ַחֵם‬ ‫נ ַחֵם‬ ‫מְנ ַחֵם‬

II-Gutt ‫בֵֵּרְך‬ ‫יְ בֵָרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫בֵָּרְך‬ ‫מְ בֵָרְך‬
Parsing.

1. ‫בִּעְַרתֶּם‬ Piel Perfect 2mp ‫בָּעַר‬
2. ‫בִּעְַרתֶּן‬ Piel Perfect 2fp ‫בָּעַר‬
3. ‫בֹּעֲרוֹת‬ Qal Participle fp ‫בָּעַר‬
4. ‫מְבַעֲִרים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫בָּעַר‬
5. ‫בִּעֲרוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫בָּעַר‬
6. ‫בָּעֲרוּ‬ Qal Perfect 3cp ‫בָּעַר‬
7. ‫יְבַעֲרוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 3mp ‫בָּעַר‬
8. ‫יְנַחֵם‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫נָחַם‬
9. ‫יִנָּחֵם‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָחַם‬
10. ָ‫מְתּ‬.ַ‫נִח‬ Piel Perfect 2ms ‫נָחַם‬
11. ‫מְנַחֲמִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫נָחַם‬
12. ‫אֶנָּחֵם‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cs ‫נָחַם‬
13. ‫בָּרוְּך‬ Qal Passive Ptc ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
14. ‫בְּרוּכִים‬ Qal Passive Ptc mp ‫בַָּרְך‬
15. ‫כְתִּי‬.‫בֵַּר‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫בַָּרְך‬
16. ‫תְּב<ְרכוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 2mp ‫בַָּרְך‬
17. ‫ְרתִים‬,‫מְשׁ‬ Piel Participle mp ‫שַָׁרת‬
82
Answer Key 27b: The Piel Stem - Weak Verbs 83
18. ‫שֵֵׁרת‬ Piel Perfect 3ms ‫שַָׁרת‬

19. ‫שְֵׁרתוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫שַָׁרת‬
20. ‫ְרתוּ‬,‫יְשׁ‬ Piel Imperfect 3mp ‫שַָׁרת‬
21. ‫גֵֹּרשׁ‬ Qal Participle ms ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
22. ‫יְגֵָרשׁ‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
23. ‫גֵָּרשׁ‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
24. ‫שְׁתִּי‬.‫גֵַּר‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
25. ‫שְׁתִּי‬.‫נִגְַר‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
Answer Key 28
The Pual Stem - Strong Verbs

Diagnostics.
Piel ‫קִ ֵטּל‬ ‫יְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מְ קַ ּטֵל‬

Pual ‫ֻקטַּל‬ ‫יְ ֻק ּטַל‬ ‫מְ ֻק ּטָל‬
Parsing.

2. ‫תְּבְֻקּשִׁי‬ Pual Imperfect 2fs ‫בַָּקשׁ‬
3. ‫מְֻדבָּר‬ Pual Participle ms ‫ָדּבַר‬
4. ‫מְַדבֵּר‬ Piel Participle ms ‫ָדּבַר‬
5. ‫יְסֻפַּר‬ Pual Imperfect 3ms ‫סָפַר‬
6. ‫יְסַפֵּר‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫סָפַר‬
7. ‫סִפֵּר‬ Piel Perfect 3ms ‫סָפַר‬
8. ‫סֻפַּר‬ Pual Perfect 3ms ‫סָפַר‬
9. ‫יְגְֻדּלוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3mp ‫גַָּדל‬
10. ‫יְגְַדּלוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 3mp ‫גַָּדל‬
11. ‫גְֻּדּלוּ‬ Pual Perfect 3cp ‫גַָּדל‬
12. ‫גְִּדּלוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫גַָּדל‬
13. ‫מְֻקטָּלָה‬ Pual Participle fs ‫ָקטַל‬
14. ‫ֻקטְּלָה‬ Pual Perfect 3fs ‫ָקטַל‬
15. ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫תְֻּקטּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫ָקטַל‬
84
Answer Key 28: The Pual Stem - Strong Verbs 85
More Diagnostics.
1. ‫מְדֻבָּר‬
2. ‫מְדַבֵּר‬
3. ‫יְסֻ ּפַר‬
4. ‫יְסַ ּפֵר‬
5. ‫ס ִ ּפֵר‬
6. ‫סֻ ּפַר‬
7. ‫מְ ֻק ָּטלָה‬
Translation.
‫סִפֵּר אֶת–הַחֲלוֹם אֶל–אָבִיו וְאֶל–אִמּוֹ‬ (1)
He reported the dream to his father and to his mother.
‫סֻפַּר הַחֲלוֹם אֶל–אָבִיו וְאֶל–אִמּוֹ‬ (2)
The dream was reported to his father and to his mother.
‫בִיהוּ וְאֶל–אֶחָיו‬. ָ‫יְסַפֵּר אֶת–הַחֲלוֹם אֶל–א‬ (3)
He will report the dream to his father and to his brothers.
‫בִיהוּ וְאֶל–אֶחָיו‬. ָ‫יְסֻפַּר הַחֲלוֹם אֶל–א‬ (4)
The dream will be reported to his father and to his brothers.
‫אֲבֵַקּשׁ אֶת–צְִדקוֹ וְאֶת–חַסְדּוֹ‬ (5)
I will seek his righteousness and his faithfulness.
‫יְבְֻקּשׁוּ צְִדקוֹ וְחַסְדּוֹ‬ (6)
His righteousness and his faithfulness will be sought.
‫בְַּקּשׁוּ אֶת–צְִדקוֹ וְאֶת–חַסְדּוֹ‬ (7)
You (mp) seek his righteousness and his faithfulness!
‫מֶּלְֶך‬. ַ‫ִדּבֵּר הַנָּבִיא אֶת–ִדּבְֵרי ה‬ (8)
The prophet spoke the words of the king.
‫מֶּלְֶך‬. ַ‫יְֻדבַּר ְדּבַר ה‬ (9)
The word of the king will be spoken.

Answer Key 29a
The Pual Stem - Weak Verbs
Diagnostics.
Piel III-‫א‬ ‫מִצ ֵּא‬ ‫יְמַצ ֵּא‬ ‫מְמַצ ֵּא‬

Pual III-‫א‬ ‫מֻצ ָּא‬ ‫יְמֻצ ָּא‬ ‫מְמֻצ ָּא‬
Piel III-‫ה‬ ‫גִּלָּה‬ ‫יְגַלֶּה‬ ‫מְגַלֶּה‬
Pual III-‫ה‬ ‫גֻּלָּה‬ ‫יְגֻלֶּה‬ ‫מְגֻלֶּה‬
Parsing.

1. ‫אתִי‬.ֵ‫מֻלּ‬ Pual Perfect 1cs ‫מָלֵא‬
2. ‫מֻלֵּאתֶם‬ Pual Perfect 2mp ‫מָלֵא‬
3. ‫ֵאתִי‬.‫מִלּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫מָלֵא‬
4. ‫מִלֵּאתֶם‬ Piel Perfect 2mp ‫מָלֵא‬
5. ‫אֲמֻלָּא‬ Pual Imperfect 1cs ‫מָלֵא‬
6. ‫אֲמַלֵּא‬ Piel Imperfect 1cs ‫מָלֵא‬
7. ‫מְמֻלָּאִים‬ Pual Participle mp ‫מָלֵא‬
8. ‫מְמַלְּאִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫מָלֵא‬
9. ‫תְּמַלְּאוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 2mp ‫מָלֵא‬
10. ‫תְּמֻלְּאוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 2mp ‫מָלֵא‬
11. ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫כִּסּ‬ Piel Perfect 2ms ‫כָּסָה‬
12. ָ‫ית‬.ֵ‫כֻּסּ‬ Pual Perfect 2ms ‫כָּסָה‬
13. ‫כִּסּוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫כָּסָה‬
14. ‫כֻּסּוּ‬ Pual Perfect 3cp ‫כָּסָה‬
86
Answer Key 29a: The Pual Stem - Weak Verbs 87
15. ‫ֶינָה‬.‫תְּכַסּ‬ Piel Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫כָּסָה‬

16. ‫תְּכַסִּי‬ Piel Imperfect 2fs ‫כָּסָה‬
17. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫תְּכֻסּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫כָּסָה‬
18. ‫תְּכֻסִּי‬ Pual Imperfect 2fs ‫כָּסָה‬
19. ‫מְכֻסֶּה‬ Pual Participle ms ‫כָּסָה‬
20. ‫מְכֻסָּה‬ Pual Participle fs ‫כָּסָה‬
21. ‫צֻוֵּ>יתִי‬ Pual Perfect 1cs ‫צָוָה‬
22. ‫צִוִּ>יתִי‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫צָוָה‬
23. ‫יְצֻוֶּה‬ Pual Imperfect 3ms ‫צָוָה‬
24. ‫יְצַוֶּה‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫צָוָה‬
25. ‫וַיְצַו‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫צָוָה‬ Waw Conversive
Answer Key 29b
The Pual Stem - Weak Verbs

Diagnostics.
Piel ‫נ ִחַם‬ ‫יְנ ַחֵם‬ ‫מְנ ַחֵם‬

Pual ‫נֻחַם‬ ‫יְנֻחַם‬ ‫מְנֻחָם‬
Piel ‫בֵֵּרְך‬ ‫יְ בֵָרְך‬ ‫מְ בֵָרְך‬
Pual ‫בַֹּרְך‬ ‫יְ בַֹרְך‬ ‫מְ בָֹרְך‬
Parsing.

1. ‫בָּרוְּך‬ Qal Passive Ptc ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
2. ‫בְּרוּכִים‬ Qal Passive Ptc mp ‫בַָּרְך‬
3. ‫תְּבֵָרְך‬ Piel Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
4. ‫ְרכוּ‬,‫תְּב‬ Piel Imperfect 2mp ‫בַָּרְך‬
5. ‫מְבֵָרְך‬ Piel Participle ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
6. ‫יִבֵָּרְך‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
7. ָ‫כְתּ‬.‫נִבְַר‬ Niphal Perfect 2ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
8. ‫יְבַֹרְך‬ Pual Imperfect 3ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
9. ‫בַֹּרכְתֶּן‬ Pual Perfect 2fp ‫בַָּרְך‬
10. ‫מְבָֹרְך‬ Pual Participle ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
11. ‫מְבָֹרכָיו‬ Pual Participle mp ‫בַָּרְך‬ 3ms suffix
12. ‫כֶת‬.‫מְבֶֹר‬ Pual Participle fs ‫בַָּרְך‬
13. ָ‫שְׁתּ‬.‫גֵַּר‬ Piel Perfect 2ms ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
14. ‫גְֹּרשׁוּ‬ Pual Perfect 3cp ‫גַָּרשׁ‬
88
Answer Key 29b: The Pual Stem - Weak Verbs 89
15. ‫יְגְֹרשׁוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3mp ‫גַָּרשׁ‬

16. ‫וַיִּנָּחֵם‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָחַם‬ Waw Conversive
17. ‫תְּנֻחָמוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 2mp ‫נָחַם‬
18. ‫נַחֵם‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫נָחַם‬
Piel Inf Construct ‫נָחַם‬
19. ‫בִּעְַרתֶּם‬ Piel Perfect 2mp ‫בָּעַר‬
20. ‫יִבְעַר‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּעַר‬
Answer Key 30
The Hiphil Stem - Strong Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute

Parsing.

1. ‫ְַדתִּי‬.‫הִשְׁמ‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁמַד‬
2. ‫וַיַּשְׁמֵד‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁמַד‬ Waw Conversive
3. ‫הַשְׁמִיד‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫שָׁמַד‬
4. ‫לְהַשְׁמִיד‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫שָׁמַד‬ ְ‫ל‬ preposition
5. ‫הַשְׁמֵד‬ Hiphil Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁמַד‬
Hiphil Inf Absolute ‫שָׁמַד‬
6. ‫ִילוּ‬.‫הִגְדּ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫גַָּדל‬
7. ‫ִילוּ‬.‫וַיַּגְדּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3mp ‫גַָּדל‬ Waw Conversive
8. ‫לְהַגְִדּיל‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫גַָּדל‬ ְ‫ל‬ preposition
9. ‫מַגְִדּילִים‬ Hiphil Participle mp ‫גַָּדל‬
10. ‫אַזְכִּיר‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cs ‫זָכַר‬
11. ‫הַזְכִּיר‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫זָכַר‬
12. ‫תַּזְכִּיר‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫זָכַר‬
13. ‫ִירוּ‬.‫תַּזְכּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫זָכַר‬
14. ‫ִירוּ‬.‫הַזְכּ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫זָכַר‬
15. ‫ְֵרנָה‬.‫הַזְכּ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fp ‫זָכַר‬
16. ‫ְֵרנָה‬.‫תַּזְכּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫זָכַר‬
17. ‫הַזְכִּירוֹ‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫זָכַר‬ 3ms suffix
18. ‫מְמַלְּאִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫מָלֵא‬
90
Answer Key 30: The Hiphil Stem - Strong Verbs 91
19. ‫ִיָרה‬.‫אַסְתּ‬ Hiphil Cohortative 1cs ‫סָתַר‬

20. ‫ִירוּ‬.‫וַיַּסְתּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3mp ‫סָתַר‬ Waw Conversive
21. ‫מַסְתִּירוֹת‬ Hiphil Participle fp ‫סָתַר‬
23. ‫כַּלּוֹת‬ Piel Inf Construct ‫כָּלָה‬
24. ‫אַשְׁלִיְך‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׁלְַך‬
25. ‫וַיַּשְׁלְֵך‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬ Waw Conversive
26. ‫יכוּ‬.ִ‫הַשְׁל‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁלְַך‬
27. ‫מַשְׁלִיכָה‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫שָׁלְַך‬
28. ‫כֶת‬.‫מַשְׁ ֶל‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫שָׁלְַך‬
29. ‫יבוּ‬.‫תְַּקִר‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫ָקַרב‬
30. ‫נְַקִריב‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cp ‫ָקַרב‬
31. ‫וַנְַּקֵרב‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cp ‫ָקַרב‬ Waw Conversive
32. ‫בְנוּ‬.‫הְִקַר‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cp ‫ָקַרב‬
33. ‫יבוּ‬.‫הְִקִר‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫ָקַרב‬
34. ‫תִּבּ<טְחִי‬ Niphal Imperfect 2fs ‫בָּטַח‬
35. ‫הִבּ<טְחִי‬ Niphal Imperative 2fs ‫בָּטַח‬
More Diagnostics.
1. ‫ְַדתִּי‬.‫הִשְׁמ‬
2. ‫אַזְכִּיר‬
3. ‫מַגְדִּילִים‬
4. ‫ְֵרנָה‬.‫הַזְכּ‬
5. ‫ִירוּ‬.‫תַּזְכּ‬
6. ‫יבוּ‬.‫ְִקר‬
ִ ‫ה‬
7. ‫מַסְ ִתּ ירוֹת‬
8. ‫הַשְׁמֵד‬
9. ‫נְַקרִיב‬
10. ‫ְֵרנָה‬.‫תַּזְכּ‬
Answer Key 30: The Hiphil Stem - Strong Verbs 92
Translation.
He will destroy the altars of the wicked kings. ‫יַשְׁמִיד אֶת–מִזְבְּחוֹת הַמְּלָכִים הְָרשָׁעִים‬ (1)
He destroyed the altar of the wicked queen. ‫וַיַּשְׁמֵד אֶת–מִזְבֵּחַ הַמַּלְכָּה הָָרעָה‬ (2)
You (mp) destroy the enemies of the people! ‫ִידוּ אֶת–אֹיְבֵי הָעָם‬.‫הַשְׁמ‬ (3)
They destroyed the enemies of the people. ‫ִידוּ אֶת–אֹיְבֵי הָעָם‬.‫הִשְׁמ‬ (4)
They made great your holy name. ‫ילוּ אֶת–שִׁמְָך הַָקּדוֹשׁ‬.ּ‫הִגְִד‬ (5)
He will make great your holy name. ‫יַגְִדּיל אֶת–שִׁמְָך הַָקּדוֹשׁ‬ (6)
They made great your holy name. ‫וַיַּגְ >ִדּילוּ אֶת–שִׁמְָך הַָקּדוֹשׁ‬ (7)
He made great your holy name. ‫וַיַּגְֵדּל אֶת–שִׁמְָך הַָקּדוֹשׁ‬ (8)
You (fs) make great his name by day and by night! ‫יְלָה‬.‫ִילִי אֶת–שְׁמוֹ יוֹמָם ו ַָל‬.‫הַגְדּ‬ (9)
You (fs) will make great his name by day and by night. ‫יְלָה‬.‫ִילִי אֶת–שְׁמוֹ יוֹמָם ו ַָל‬.‫תַּגְדּ‬ (10)
You (ms) make great his name by day and by night! ‫יְלָה‬.‫הַגְֵדּל אֶת–שְׁמוֹ יוֹמָם ו ַָל‬ (11)
I will make known the steadfast love of Yahweh. ‫חֶסֶד יְהוָה‬. –‫אַזְכִּיר אֶת‬ (12)
Let me make known the steadfast love of Yahweh. ‫סֶד יְהוָה‬.ֶ‫כִּיָרה אֶת–ח‬. ְ‫אַז‬ (13)
Let us make known the steadfast love of Yahweh. ‫סֶד יְהוָה‬.ֶ‫כִּיָרה אֶת–ח‬. ְ‫נַז‬ (14)
We will make known the steadfast love of Yahweh. ‫חֶסֶד יְהוָה‬. –‫נַזְכִּיר אֶת‬ (15)
You (mp) make known the steadfast love of Yahweh! ‫סֶד יְהוָה‬.ֶ‫הַזְכּ>ִירוּ אֶת–ח‬ (16)
When he made known the words of the book, ‫ַסּפֶר וַיִּשְׂמַח‬.ֵ ‫וַיְהִי בְהַזְכִּירוֹ אֶת–ִדּבְֵרי ה‬ (17)
he rejoiced.
When he makes known the words of the book, ‫ַסּפֶר וְשָׂמַח‬.ֵ ‫וְהָיָה בְהַזְכִּירוֹ אֶת–ִדּבְֵרי ה‬ (18)
he will rejoice.
I consecrated this house. ‫ַבּיִת הַזֶּה‬.ַ ‫ַשְׁתִּי אֶת–ה‬.‫הְִקדּ‬ (19)
You (mp) consecrate this house! ‫יִת הַזֶּה‬.‫ִישׁוּ אֶת–ה ַַבּ‬.‫הְַקדּ‬ (20)
You (fp) consecrate this house. ‫ַבּיִת הַזֶּה‬.ַ ‫שְׁנָה אֶת–ה‬.‫ְַקד‬

ֵּ ‫ה‬ (21)
She or you (ms) will consecrate this house. ‫יִת הַזֶּה‬.‫תְַּקִדּישׁ אֶת–ה ַַבּ‬ (22)
Answer Key 31
The Hiphil Stem - Weak Verbs
Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
I-Gutt ‫הֶעֱמִיד‬ ‫יַעֲמִיד‬ ‫הַעֲמֵד‬ ‫הַעֲמִיד‬ ‫הַעֲמֵד‬ ‫מַעֲמִיד‬
III-‫ח‬/‫ע‬ ַ‫הִשְׁלִיח‬ ַ‫יַשְׁלִיח‬ ‫הַשְׁלַח‬ ַ‫הַשְׁלִיח‬ ַ‫הַשְׁלֵח‬ ַ‫מַשְׁלִיח‬
III-‫א‬ ‫הִמְצִיא‬ ‫יַמְצִיא‬ ‫הַמְצֵא‬ ‫הַמְצִיא‬ ‫הַמְצֵא‬ ‫מַמְצִיא‬
III-‫ה‬ ‫הִגְלָה‬ ‫יַגְלֶה‬ ‫הַגְלֵה‬ ‫הַגְלוֹת‬ ‫הַגְלֵה‬ ‫מַגְלֶה‬
I-‫נ‬ ‫הִצ ִּיל‬ ‫יַצ ִּיל‬ ‫הַצ ֵּל‬ ‫הַצ ִּיל‬ ‫הַצ ֵּל‬ ‫מַצ ִּיל‬
I-‫י‬ ‫הוֹ שִׁיב‬ ‫יוֹ שִׁיב‬ ‫הוֹשֵׁב‬ ‫הוֹ שִׁיב‬ ‫הוֹשֵׁב‬ ‫מוֹ שִׁיב‬
Bicon ‫הֵ קִים‬ ‫יָ קִים‬ ‫הָקֵם‬ ‫הָ קִים‬ ‫הָקֵם‬ ‫מֵ קִים‬
Parsing: Part 1

1. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫יַעֲמ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3mp ‫עָמַד‬
2. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫הַעֲמ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫עָמַד‬
3. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫הֶעֱמ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫עָמַד‬
4. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫תַּעֲמ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫עָמַד‬
5. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫הִשְׁמ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁמַד‬
93
Answer Key 31: The Hiphil Stem - Weak Verbs 94
6. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫תַּשְׁמ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫שָׁמַד‬

7. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫הַשְׁמ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁמַד‬
8. ‫הִשָּׁלְֵך‬ Niphal Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬
Niphal Inf Construct ‫שָׁלְַך‬
9. ‫הַשְׁלִיְך‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫שָׁלְַך‬
10. ‫הַשְׁלְֵך‬ Hiphil Inf Absolute ‫שָׁלְַך‬
Hiphil Imperative 2ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬
11. ‫וַיַּשְׁלְֵך‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬ Waw Conversive
12. ‫מַשְׁלִיְך‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬
13. ‫אֶשְׁלְחָה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cs ‫שָׁלַח‬
14. ‫חְתִּי‬.ַ‫הִשְׁל‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫שָׁלַח‬
15. ‫חְנָה‬.ַ‫תַּשְׁל‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫שָׁלַח‬
16. ‫תְּשַׁלְּחִי‬ Piel Imperfect 2fs ‫שָׁלַח‬
17. ‫חְנָה‬.ַ‫הַשְׁל‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fp ‫שָׁלַח‬
18. ‫אנָה‬.ֶ‫תַּמְצ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
19. ‫אנוּ‬.ֵ‫הִמְצ‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cp ‫מָצָא‬
20. ‫יאוּ‬.ִ‫הַמְצ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫מָצָא‬
21. ‫מַמְצִיאוֹת‬ Hiphil Participle fp ‫מָצָא‬
22. ‫יְמֻצְּאוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3mp ‫מָצָא‬
23. ‫מַשְׁמִיעָה‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫שָׁמַע‬
24. ‫עַת‬.ַ‫מַשְׁמ‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫שָׁמַע‬
25. ָ‫בָּנִ>ית‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫בָּנָה‬
26. ‫יִבָּנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּנָה‬
27. ‫הְִרבְּתָה‬ Hiphil Perfect 3fs ‫ָרבָה‬
28. ‫יְַרבֶּה‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫ָרבָה‬
29. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫הְַרבּ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fp ‫ָרבָה‬
30. ‫מְַרבִּים‬ Hiphil Participle mp ‫ָרבָה‬
Answer Key 31: The Hiphil Stem - Weak Verbs 95
Parsing: Part 2.

1. ‫תִּפְְקדוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 2mp ‫פַָּקד‬
2. ‫תְּפְַקּדוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 2mp ‫פַָּקד‬
3. ‫ידוּ‬.‫תַּפְִק‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫פַָּקד‬
4. ‫יֵאָהֵב‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫אָהַב‬
5. ‫מְאַהֲבִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫אָהַב‬
6. ‫בּ<טְחָה‬ Qal Perfect 3fs ‫בָּטַח‬
7. ‫יְבַטְּחוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 3mp ‫בָּטַח‬
8. ‫יחוּ‬.ִ‫הִבְט‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫בָּטַח‬
9. ‫יֵַדע‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫יַָדע‬
10. ‫יִוּ<ְדעוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫יַָדע‬
11. ‫עְנָה‬.‫תּוַֹד‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫יַָדע‬
12. ‫יֵשְׁבוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫יָשַׁב‬
13. ‫יִוָּשֵׁב‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫יָשַׁב‬
14. ‫אתִי‬.ֵ‫נִמְצ‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫מָצָא‬
15. ‫תִּמּ<צְאוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 2mp ‫מָצָא‬
16. ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫עָל‬ Qal Perfect 2ms ‫עָלָה‬
17. ‫עַלֵּה‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫עָלָה‬
18. ‫עֹלֶה‬ Qal Participle ms ‫עָלָה‬
19. ‫עֹלוֹת‬ Qal Participle fp ‫עָלָה‬
20. ‫מְתִּי‬.‫ַק‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫קוּם‬
21. ‫וּמוּ‬.‫יָק‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫קוּם‬
22. ‫עְתִּי‬. ַ‫נָג‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫נָגַע‬
23. ‫הִגַּ >עְתִּי‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫נָגַע‬
24. ‫תַּגִּ>יעוּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫נָגַע‬
25. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫תַּטּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫נָטַה‬
Answer Key 32
The Hophal Stem - Strong Verbs

Diagnostics.
u-class ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל‬

o-class ‫הְָקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬ ‫מְָקטָל‬
Parsing.

1. ‫הִפְִקיד‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫פַָּקד‬
2. ‫הָפְַקד‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫פַָּקד‬
3. ‫מֻפְָקִדים‬ Hophal Participle mp ‫פַָּקד‬
4. ‫מַפְִקיִדים‬ Hiphil Participle mp ‫פַָּקד‬
5. ‫ימָה‬.ִ‫הִשְׁל‬ Hiphil Perfect 3fs ‫שָׁלַם‬
6. ‫הָשְׁלְמָה‬ Hophal Perfect 3fs ‫שָׁלַם‬
7. ‫יַשְׁלִים‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁלַם‬
8. ‫וַיַּשְׁלֵם‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁלַם‬ Waw Conversive
9. ‫אַשְׂכִּיל‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׂכַל‬
10. ‫אַשְׂכִּ>ילָה‬ Hiphil Cohortative 1cs ‫שָׂכַל‬
11. ‫יכוּ‬.ִ‫הִשְׁל‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁלְַך‬
12. ‫הֻשְׁלְכוּ‬ Hophal Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁלְַך‬
13. ‫כֶת‬.ֶ‫מַשְׁל‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫שָׁלְַך‬
14. ‫כֶת‬.ֶ‫מֻשְׁל‬ Hophal Participle fs ‫שָׁלְַך‬
15. ‫מֻשְׁלָכָה‬ Hophal Participle fs ‫שָׁלְַך‬
16. ָ‫כְתּ‬.ַ‫הָשְׁל‬ Hophal Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬
17. ָ‫כְתּ‬.ַ‫הִשְׁל‬ Hiphil Perfect 2ms ‫שָׁלְַך‬
18. ‫וַתֻּשְׁלְכִי‬ Hophal Imperfect 2fs ‫שָׁלְַך‬ Waw Conversive
96
Answer Key 32: The Hophal Stem - Strong Verbs 97
19. ‫מַשְׁבִּית‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫שָׁבַת‬

20. ‫מָשְׁבָּת‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫שָׁבַת‬
21. ‫הִשְׁכִּיב‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫שָׁכַב‬
22. ‫הִשְׁכִּ>יבָה‬ Hiphil Perfect 3fs ‫שָׁכַב‬
23. ‫הֻשְׁכַּב‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫שָׁכַב‬
24. ‫הֻשְׁכְּבָה‬ Hophal Perfect 3fs ‫שָׁכַב‬
25. ‫יבוּ‬.ִ‫הַשְׁכּ‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁכַב‬
26. ‫תֶּאֱהַב‬ Qal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫אָהַב‬
27. ָ‫בְתּ‬.ַ‫הֶאֱה‬ Hiphil Perfect 2ms ‫אָהַב‬
28. ‫מַאֲהִיבִים‬ Hiphil Participle mp ‫אָהַב‬
29. ‫עְנוּ‬.‫יַָד‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫יַָדע‬
30. ‫עְנוּ‬.‫נוַֹד‬ Niphal Perfect 1cp ‫יַָדע‬
More Diagnostics.
1. ‫הָפְקַד‬
2. ‫מֻפְקִָדים‬
3. ‫כֶת‬.ֶ‫מֻשְׁל‬
4. ‫וַתֻּשְׁלְכִי‬
5. ‫הֻשְׁכַּב‬
6. ‫הֻשְׁכְּבָה‬
Answer Key 33
The Hophal Stem - Weak Verbs
Diagnostics.
I-Gutt ‫הָעֳמַד‬ ‫יָעֳמַד‬ ‫מָעֳמָד‬

III-‫ה‬ ‫הָגְלָה‬ ‫יָגְלֶה‬ ‫מָגְלֶה‬
I-‫נ‬ ‫הֻצַּל‬ ‫יֻצַּל‬ ‫מֻצָּל‬
I-‫י‬ ‫הוּרַד‬ ‫יוּרַד‬ ‫מוּרָ ד‬
Bicon ‫הוּקַם‬ ‫יוּקַם‬ ‫מוּקָם‬
Parsing.

1. ‫הֶעֱמִיד‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫עָמַד‬
2. ‫יַעֲמִיד‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫עָמַד‬
3. ‫וַיַּעֲמֵד‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫עָמַד‬ Waw Conversive
4. ‫הַעֲמֵד‬ Hiphil Imperative 2ms ‫עָמַד‬
5. ‫הַעֲמִיד‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫עָמַד‬
6. ‫הָעֳמַד‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫עָמַד‬
7. ‫תָּעָמְִדי‬ Hophal Imperfect 2fs ‫עָמַד‬
8. ‫מָעֳמָד‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫עָמַד‬
9. ‫הִגְלָה‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫גָּלָה‬
10. ‫הָגְלָה‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫גָּלָה‬
98
Answer Key 33: The Hophal Stem - Weak Verbs 99
11. ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫הִגְל‬ Hiphil Perfect 2ms ‫גָּלָה‬

12. ָ‫ית‬.ֵ‫הָגְל‬ Hophal Perfect 2ms ‫גָּלָה‬
13. ‫מְַראֶה‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫ָראָה‬
14. ‫מְָראֶה‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫ָראָה‬
15. ‫י ְַראֶה‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫ָראָה‬
16. ‫וַיְַּרא‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫ָראָה‬ Waw Conversive
Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫ָראָה‬ Waw Conversive
17. ‫יַגִּיד‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫נָגַד‬
18. ‫וַיֻּגַּד‬ Hophal Imperfect 3ms ‫נָגַד‬ Waw Conversive
19. ‫מַגֶּ>דֶת‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫נָגַד‬
20. ‫מֻגֶּ>דֶת‬ Hophal Participle fs ‫נָגַד‬
21. ‫הֻצַּב‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫נָצַב‬
22. ‫הִצִּיב‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫נָצַב‬
23. ‫מֻצָּב‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫נָצַב‬
24. ‫וַיַּצֵּב‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫נָצַב‬ Waw Conversive
25. ‫הוֹשִׁיב‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫יָשַׁב‬
Parsing: Part 2.

1. ‫אֱחֹז‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫אָחַז‬
2. ‫אֹחֵז‬ Qal Participle ms ‫אָחַז‬
3. ‫אָחוּז‬ Qal Passive Ptc ms ‫אָחַז‬
4. ‫נֶאֱחַז‬ Niphal Perfect 3ms ‫אָחַז‬
5. ‫נֶאֱחָז‬ Niphal Participle ms ‫אָחַז‬
6. ‫אֶבָּנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cs ‫בָּנָה‬
7. ‫הִבָּנוֹת‬ Niphal Inf Construct ‫בָּנָה‬
8. ‫וַיִּ>בֶן‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫בָּנָה‬ Waw Conversive
9. ‫גְּאוּלִים‬ Qal Passive Ptc mp ‫גָּאַל‬
10. ‫לְהַגְִדּיל‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫גַָּדל‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
11. ‫יתִי‬.ֵ‫נִגְל‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫גָּלָה‬
12. ‫יתִי‬.ֵ‫גִּלּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫גָּלָה‬
Answer Key 33: The Hophal Stem - Weak Verbs 100
13. ‫יתִי‬.ֵ‫הִגְל‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫גָּלָה‬

14. ‫יֵלְֵך‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫הָלְַך‬
15. ‫וַיֵּ>לְֶך‬ Qal Imperfect 3ms ‫הָלְַך‬ Waw Conversive
16. ‫אנוּ‬.ָ‫חָט‬ Qal Perfect 1cp ‫חָטָא‬
17. ‫לִחְיוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫חָיָה‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
18. ְ‫עַתּ‬.‫יַָד‬ Qal Perfect 2fs ‫יַָדע‬
19. ‫נוַֹדע‬ Niphal Perfect 3ms ‫יַָדע‬
20. ַ‫הוִֹדיע‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫יַָדע‬
Hiphil Inf Construct ‫יַָדע‬
21. ‫יִוַָּדע‬ Niphal Imperfect 3ms ‫יַָדע‬
22. ‫יתִי‬.ִ‫כָּל‬ Qal Perfect 1cs ‫כָּלָה‬
23. ‫יתִי‬.ֵ‫כִּלּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫כָּלָה‬
24. ‫כְּלוֹת‬ Qal Inf Construct ‫כָּלָה‬
25. ‫מְכַלּוֹת‬ Piel Participle fp ‫כָּלָה‬
Answer Key 34
The Hithpael Stem - Strong Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫יִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫הִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬ ‫מִתְ קַ ּטֵל‬
Parsing.

1. ‫יִתְגֵַּדּל‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫גַָּדל‬
2. ‫מִתְכַּבֵּד‬ Hithpael Participle ms ‫כָּבֵד‬
3. ‫יִתְלַכְּדוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3mp ‫לָכַד‬
4. ‫הוֹצֵאתֶם‬ Hiphil Perfect 2mp ‫יָצָא‬
5. ‫מוֹלִידוֹת‬ Hiphil Participle fp ‫יָלַד‬
6. ‫יוּשַׁב‬ Hophal Imperfect 3ms ‫יָשַׁב‬
7. ‫וַיִּתְמַכְּרוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3mp ‫מָכַר‬ Waw Conversive
8. ‫הִבַּטְתֶּם‬ Hiphil Perfect 2mp ‫נָבַט‬
9. ‫מַבִּיט‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫נָבַט‬
10. ‫הִתְפּ<ְרדוּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 3cp ‫פַָּרד‬
11. ‫וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫פָּשַׁט‬ Waw Conversive
12. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫תְִּקימ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫קוּם‬
13. ‫וַיִּתְנַכֵּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫נָכַר‬ Waw Conversive
14. ‫שֶׁת‬.ּ‫מִתְַקֶד‬ Hithpael Participle fs ‫קַָדשׁ‬
15. ‫וֹתִי‬. ‫הֲִקימ‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫קוּם‬
16. ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫הִתְנַפּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 1cs ‫נָפַל‬
17. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫תְּבִיא‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫בּוֹא‬
18. ‫מוּשָׁב‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫יָשַׁב‬
19. ‫וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׁמַר‬ Waw Conversive
101
Answer Key 34: The Hithpael Stem - Strong Verbs 102
20. ‫מִסְתַּתֵּר‬ Hithpael Participle ms ‫סָתַר‬

21. ‫תִּשְׁתַּמְּרוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 2mp ‫שָׁמַר‬
22. ‫ְרנוּ‬. ַ‫הִשְׁתַּמּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁמַר‬
23. ‫אֶסְתַּפֵּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 1cs ‫סָפַר‬
24. ‫ֶרת‬.ֶ‫מִסְתַּפּ‬ Hithpael Participle fs ‫סָפַר‬
25. ‫הִסְתַּפְִּרי‬ Hithpael Imperative 2fs ‫סָפַר‬
More Diagnostics.
1. ‫יִתְגּ ַדֵּל‬
2. ‫מִתְכַּבֵּד‬
3. ‫שֶׁת‬.ֶּ‫מִתְקַד‬
4. ‫מִ ְסתּ ֵַּתר‬
5. ‫תִּשְׁתַּ ּמְרוּ‬
6. ‫ ְלתִּי‬. ‫הִתְנ ַ ּ ַפ‬
Answer Key 35
The Hithpael Stem - Weak Verbs

Diagnostics.

Construct Absolute
Geminate ‫הִתְפַּלֵּל‬ ‫יִתְפַּלֵּל‬ ‫הִתְפַּלֵּל‬ ‫הִתְפַּלֵּל‬ ‫הִתְפַּלֵּל‬ ‫מִתְפַּלֵּל‬

III-‫ה‬ ‫הִתְגּ ַלָּה‬ ‫יִתְגּ ַלֶּה‬ ‫הִתְגּ ַלֵּה‬ ‫הִתְגּ ַלּוֹת‬ ‫מִתְגּ ַלֶּה‬
II-Gutt ‫הִתְנ ַחֵם‬ ‫יִתְנ ַחֵם‬ ‫הִתְנ ַחֵם‬ ‫הִתְנ ַחֵם‬ ‫מִתְנ ַחֵם‬
II-Gutt ‫הִתְ בֵָּרְך‬ ‫יִתְ בֵָּרְך‬ ‫הִתְ בֵָּרְך‬ ‫הִתְ בֵָּרְך‬ ‫הִתְ בֵָּרְך‬ ‫מִתְ בֵָּרְך‬
Parsing.

1. ‫וַיִּתְנַכֵּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫נָכַר‬ Waw Conversive
2. ‫מִתְנַפֵּל‬ Hithpael Participle ms ‫נָפַל‬
3. ‫תֵּעָזַ>בְנָה‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫עָזַב‬
4. ‫הִתְבַָּרכְתֶּם‬ Hithpael Perfect 2mp ‫בַָּרְך‬
5. ‫כְנָה‬.‫תִּתְבֵָּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫בַָּרְך‬
6. ‫כְנָה‬.‫הִתְבֵָּר‬ Hithpael Imperative 2fp ‫בַָּרְך‬
7. ‫כְתִּי‬.ַ‫הִתְהַלּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 1cs ‫הָלְַך‬
8. ‫יֹאמְרוּ‬ Qal Imperfect 3mp ‫אָמַר‬
9. ‫כְתִּי‬.‫בַֹּר‬ Pual Perfect 1cs ‫בַָּרְך‬
10. ‫תִּתְהַלְּכוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 2mp ‫הָלְַך‬
11. ‫יִתְהַלֵּל‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫הָלַל‬
12. ‫נִשְׁלָחוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫שָׁלַח‬
13. ‫מִתְכַּסֶּה‬ Hithpael Participle ms ‫כָּסָה‬
14. ‫יִתְכַּסּוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3mp ‫כָּסָה‬
103
Answer Key 35: The Hithpael Stem - Weak Verbs 104
15. ‫נִשְׁלְחָה‬ Qal Cohortative 1cp ‫שָׁלַח‬

Niphal Perfect 3fs ‫שָׁלַח‬
16. ‫ינוּ‬.ִ‫הִתְגַּלּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 1cp ‫גָּלָה‬
17. ‫נִתְגַּלֶּה‬ Hithpael Imperfect 1cp ‫גָּלָה‬
18. ‫הִתְגַּלּוֹת‬ Hithpael Inf Construct ‫גָּלָה‬
19. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫הִתְגַּלּ‬ Hithpael Imperative 2fp ‫גָּלָה‬
20. ‫מִתְנַבְּאוֹת‬ Hithpael Participle fp ‫נָבָא‬
22. ‫תִּתְנַחֲלוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 2mp ‫נָחַל‬
23. ְ‫הִתְנַחַמְתּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 2fs ‫נָחַם‬
24. ‫מְנָה‬.ַ‫הִתְנַח‬ Hithpael Imperative 2fp ‫נָחַם‬
25. ‫הִתְעַנּוֹת‬ Hithpael Inf Construct ‫עָנָה‬
27. ‫מִתְַקְדּשִׁים‬ Hithpael Participle mp ‫קַָדשׁ‬
28. ‫תִּשְׁתַּפְֵּך‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫שָׁפְַך‬
29. ‫אֶשְׁתַּמֵּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 1cs ‫שָׁמַר‬
30. ‫הִתְבֲָּרכוּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 3cp ‫בַָּרְך‬
Answer Key
Final Parsing Exercise - Derived Stems

The following is a parsing exercise for strong and weak verbs of the major derived stems.
(Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, Hophal and Hithpael). Give the full parsing information for each
entry and be certain that you have accurately identified each element of the parsing. Also, be
certain that you understand all the diagnostic points of vocalization that identify the derived
stem. Most forms have been taken from the Holladay lexicon.

1. ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫הֻצּ‬ Hophal Perfect 1cp ‫נָצַל‬
2. ‫כְתִּי‬.‫בַֹּר‬ Pual Perfect 1cs ‫בַָּרְך‬
3. ‫מְנָה‬.‫תּוַּק‬ Hophal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫קוּם‬
4. ‫מְתִּי‬.‫הוַּק‬ Hophal Perfect 1cs ‫קוּם‬
5. ‫וַיְכַס‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫כָּסָה‬ Waw Conversive
6. ‫וַיְכֻלּוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3mp ‫כָּלָה‬ Waw Conversive
7. ‫וַיְגֹאֲלוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 3mp ‫גָּאַל‬ Waw Conversive
8. ‫וַיַּכּוּ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3mp ‫נָכָה‬ Waw Conversive
9. ‫וַיַּגַּע‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫נָגַע‬ Waw Conversive
10. ‫וַיִּזָּעֲקוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫זָעַק‬ Waw Conversive
11. ‫וַיִּ ּכ<לְאוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫כָּלָא‬ Waw Conversive
12. ‫וַיִּתְכַּס‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫כָּסָה‬ Waw Conversive
13. ‫בְתִּי‬.ַ‫הוֹשׁ‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫יָשַׁב‬
14. ‫ְדנָה‬.ַ‫תֻּגּ‬ Hophal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫נָגַד‬
15. ‫ְדתִּי‬.‫הוַּר‬ Hophal Perfect 1cs ‫יַָרד‬
16. ‫חַלּוֹת‬ Piel Inf Construct ‫חָלָה‬
17. ‫אֲחַלְָּקה‬ Piel Cohortative 1cs ‫חָלַק‬
18. ‫וַתְּבַצְּעִי‬ Piel Imperfect 2fs ‫בָּצַע‬ Waw Conversive
19. ‫הָטְבְּעוּ‬ Hophal Perfect 3cp ‫טָבַע‬
20. ‫גַּלּוּ‬ Piel Imperative 2mp ‫גָּלָה‬
21. ‫גַּלּוֹת‬ Piel Inf Construct ‫גָּלָה‬
22. ‫שַׁלְּחוּ‬ Piel Imperative 2mp ‫שָׁלַח‬
105
Answer Key: Final Parsing Exercise 106
23. ‫אֲהַלְּלָה‬ Piel Cohortative 1cs ‫הָלַל‬

24. ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫הֶאֱכ‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫אָכַל‬
25. ‫ֶאנָה‬.‫תַּמְצ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
26. ‫ְדנוּ‬.ַ‫הָעֳמ‬ Hophal Perfect 1cp ‫עָמַד‬
27. ‫הָפְַקד‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫פַָּקד‬
28. ‫ידוּ‬.ִ‫הַעֲמ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫עָמַד‬
Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫עָמַד‬
29. ‫אַעֲבִיר‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cs ‫עָבָר‬
30. ‫יחִי‬.ִ‫הַשְׁל‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fs ‫שָׁלַח‬
31. ‫נוֹשָׁבוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫יָשַׁב‬
32. ‫הוּשַׁבְתֶּם‬ Hophal Perfect 2mp ‫יָשַׁב‬
33. ‫ינָה‬.ֶ‫הַגְל‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fp ‫גָּלַָה‬
34. ‫הָגְלְתָה‬ Hophal Perfect 3fs ‫גָּלָה‬
35. ‫הוַּרד‬ Hophal Perfect 3ms ‫יַָרד‬
36. ‫אְַדבִּיק‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cs ‫ָדּבַק‬
37. ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫הָנְח‬ Hophal Perfect 1cs ‫נָחַל‬
38. ‫ימִי‬.‫הִָק‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fs ‫קוּם‬
39. ‫לְנָה‬.ֵ‫הְַקט‬ Hiphil Imperative 2fp ‫ָקטַל‬
40. ‫יַכֶּה‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫נָכָה‬
41. ‫יַמְֶרה‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫מָָרה‬
42. ‫יָעֳמַד‬ Hophal Imperfect 3ms ‫עָמַד‬
43. ‫יאוּ‬.ִ‫יָב‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3mp ‫בּוֹא‬
44. ַ‫אֲזַבֵּח‬ Piel Imperfect 1cs ‫זָבַח‬
45. ‫יַבִּיט‬ Hiphil Imperfect 3ms ‫נָבַט‬
46. ‫יִוּ<לְדוּ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫יָלַד‬
47. ‫יִשְׁתַּמֵּר‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3ms ‫שָׁמַר‬
48. ‫יִתְמַלָּטוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 3mp ‫מָלַט‬
49. ‫כְלוּ‬,‫יֵא‬ Niphal Imperfect 3mp ‫אָכַל‬
50. ‫יְאַבֵּד‬ Piel Imperfect 3ms ‫אָבַד‬
51. ָ‫ְדתּ‬.ַ‫הוֹל‬ Hiphil Perfect 2ms ‫יָלַד‬
52. ‫אֲכַלֶּה‬ Piel Imperfect 1cs ‫כָּלָה‬
53. ‫נוֹלָד‬ Niphal Participle ms ‫יָלַד‬

54. ‫נוֹלַד‬ Niphal Perfect 3ms ‫יָלַד‬
55. ‫ינוּ‬.ֵ‫גֻּלּ‬ Pual Perfect 1cp ‫גָּלָה‬
56. ַ‫אוֹכִיח‬ Hiphil Imperfect 1cs ‫יָכַח‬
57. ַ‫לְזַבֵּח‬ Piel Inf Construct ‫זָבַח‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
58. ‫לְהוִֹרישׁ‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫יַָרשׁ‬ ְ‫ ל‬preposition
59. ‫לְהַאֲבִיד‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫אָבַד‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
60. ‫לְהַגְִדּיל‬ Hiphil Inf Construct ‫גַָּדל‬ ‫ ְל‬preposition
61. ‫כִּלּוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫כָּלָה‬
62. ‫יתִי‬.ִ‫כִּסּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cs ‫כָּסָה‬
63. ‫לַֻקּח‬ Pual Perfect 3ms ‫לַַָקח‬
64. ‫מוֹלִיד‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫יָלַד‬
65. ‫מוּצָאוֹת‬ Hophal Participle fp ‫יָצָא‬
66. ‫מוֹצִיאִים‬ Hiphil Participle mp ‫יָצָא‬
67. ‫מַחֲזֶ>ֶקת‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫חָזַק‬
68. ‫מַלֵּא‬ Piel Imperative 2ms ‫מָלֵא‬
Piel Inf Construct ‫מָלֵא‬
69. ‫מָעֳמָד‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫עָמַד‬
70. ‫מָשְׁחָת‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫שָׁחַת‬
71. ‫מָשְׁבָּת‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫שָׁבַת‬
72. ‫לֶת‬.ֶ‫מַאֲכ‬ Hiphil Participle fs ‫אָכַל‬
73. ‫מַאֲבִיד‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫אָבַד‬
74. ‫וֹתִי‬.‫הוּסַבּ‬ Hophal Perfect 1cs ‫סָבַב‬
75. ‫מַבִּיט‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫נָבַט‬
76. ַ‫מַגִּיע‬ Hiphil Participle ms ‫נָגַע‬
77. ‫אֲמַצֵּא‬ Piel Imperfect 1cs ‫מָצָא‬
78. ‫מְָראֶה‬ Hophal Participle ms ‫ָראָה‬
79. ‫יעוּ‬.‫הוִֹד‬ Hiphil Imperative 2mp ‫יַָדע‬
80. ‫יבוּ‬.ִ‫תּוֹשׁ‬ Hiphil Imperfect 2mp ‫יָשַׁב‬
81. ‫תִּוַָּדע‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫יַָדע‬
82. ‫צִוְּתָה‬ Piel Perfect 3fs ‫צָוָה‬
83. ‫תִּוּ<ְדעִי‬ Niphal Imperfect 2fs ‫יַָדע‬

84. ָ‫וֹת‬.‫הֲִקימ‬ Hiphil Perfect 2ms ‫קוּם‬
85. ‫וֹתִי‬.‫הֲִקימ‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫קוּם‬
86. ַ‫הוִֹדיע‬ Hiphil Perfect 3ms ‫יַָדע‬
87. ָ‫ְקתּ‬.ַ‫נִזְע‬ Niphal Perfect 2ms ‫זָעַק‬
88. ‫ְרנָה‬.ַ‫תִּזָּכ‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫זָכַר‬
89. ‫נִכְבָּדוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫כָּבֵד‬
90. ָ‫תּ‬.‫נִכְַר‬ Niphal Perfect 2ms ‫כַָּרת‬
91. ‫גִּלּוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫גָּלָה‬
92. ‫חְנוּ‬.ַ‫שִׁלּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cp ‫שָׁלַח‬
93. ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫הִלּ‬ Piel Perfect 1cp ‫הָלַל‬
94. ‫שִׁלְּחוּ‬ Piel Perfect 3cp ‫שָׁלַח‬
95. ‫נִמְצָא‬ Niphal Perfect 3ms ‫מָצָא‬
96. ‫נִמְצָאוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫מָצָא‬
97. ‫אתִי‬.ֵ‫נִמְצ‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫מָצָא‬
98. ‫יאָה‬.ִ‫הִמְצ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3fs ‫מָצָא‬
99. ‫נִסַּחְתֶּם‬ Niphal Perfect 2mp ‫נָסַח‬
100. ‫בִּעֵר‬ Piel Perfect 3ms ‫בָּעַר‬
101. ‫חְתִּי‬.‫הִפְַר‬ Hiphil Perfect 1cs ‫פַָּרח‬
102. ‫נֶעֱזָבוֹת‬ Niphal Participle fp ‫עָזַב‬
103. ‫יָדה‬.ִ‫הֶעֱמ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3fs ‫עָמַד‬
104. ‫ְדתֶּם‬.ַ‫נֶעֱב‬ Niphal Perfect 2mp ‫עָבַד‬
105. ‫הִשְׁתַּמֵּר‬ Hithpael Perfect 3ms ‫שָׁמַר‬
107. ‫אֶבָּנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 1cs ‫בָּנָה‬
108. ‫תִּבָּנֶה‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fs or 2ms ‫בָּנָה‬
109. ‫יטוּ‬.ִ‫הִבּ‬ Hiphil Perfect 3cp ‫נָבַט‬
110. ‫יתִי‬.ֵ‫נִגְל‬ Niphal Perfect 1cs ‫גָּלָה‬
111. ָ‫ית‬.ִ‫הִגְל‬ Hiphil Perfect 2ms ‫גָּלָה‬
112. ‫הִגָּלוֹת‬ Niphal Inf Construct ‫גָּלָה‬
113. ָ‫ית‬.ֵ‫נְִדמ‬ Niphal Perfect 2ms ‫ָדּמָה‬
114. ָ‫חְתּ‬.ּ‫נִַד‬ Niphal Perfect 2ms ‫נַָדח‬

115. ‫לְנָה‬.ַ‫הִנָּצ‬ Niphal Imperative 2fp ‫נָצַל‬
116. ‫הִנּ<שְׂאוּ‬ Niphal Imperative 2mp ‫נָשָׂא‬
117. ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫נִצּ‬ Niphal Perfect 1cp ‫נָצַל‬
118. ‫פְנוּ‬.ּ‫נְִרַד‬ Niphal Perfect 1cp ‫ָרַדף‬
119. ‫הִתְעַנּוֹת‬ Hithpael Inf Construct ‫עָנָה‬
120. ‫לְנָה‬.ֵ‫הִתְפַּלּ‬ Hithpael Imperative 2fp ‫פָּלַל‬
121. ‫הִתְבָּאֲשׁוּ‬ Hithpael Perfect 3cp ‫בָּאַשׁ‬
122. ‫כְנוּ‬.‫הִתְבַָּר‬ Hithpael Perfect 1cp ‫בַָּרְך‬
124. ‫הִתְגַּלְּתָה‬ Hithpael Perfect 3fs ‫גָּלָה‬
125. ‫מְנָה‬.ַ‫הִתְנַח‬ Hithpael Imperative 2fp ‫נָחַם‬
126. ‫תִּתְנַחֲלוּ‬ Hithpael Imperfect 2mp ‫נָחַל‬
127. ‫תִּתְנַחֲמִי‬ Hithpael Imperfect 2fs ‫נָחַם‬
128. ‫מִצֵּאתֶן‬ Piel Perfect 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
129. ‫מִתְפּ<ְרצִים‬ Hithpael Participle mp ‫פַָּרץ‬
130. ‫ְרכוֹת‬,‫מִתְבּ‬ Hithpael Participle fp ‫בַָּרְך‬
131. ‫מִתְנַחֵם‬ Hithpael Participle ms ‫נָחַם‬
132. ‫מִתְנַשֵּׂא‬ Hithpael Participle ms ‫נָשָׂא‬
133. ‫שֶׁת‬.‫מִתְַק ֶדּ‬ Hithpael Participle fs ‫ָקַדשׁ‬
134. ‫הֵעָזַ>בְנָה‬ Niphal Imperative 2fp ‫עָזַב‬
135. ‫תֵּעָזַ>בְנָה‬ Niphal Imperfect 3fp or 2fp ‫עָזַב‬
136. ‫הֵעָלוֹת‬ Niphal Inf Construct ‫עָלָה‬
137. ‫הֵעָשׂוֹת‬ Niphal Inf Construct ‫עָשָׂה‬
138. ‫מְחַזֵּק‬ Piel Participle ms ‫חָזַק‬
139. ‫מְטֻמָּאָה‬ Pual Participle fs ‫טָמֵא‬
140. ‫מְכַסֶּה‬ Piel Participle ms ‫כָּסָה‬
141. ‫מְלֻבָּשִׁים‬ Pual Participle mp ‫לָבַשׁ‬
142. ‫מְסֻגֶּ>ֶרת‬ Pual Participle fs ‫סָגַר‬
143. ‫מְמֻצָּאָה‬ Pual Participle fs ‫מָצָא‬
144. ‫חַת‬.ַ‫מְשַׁלּ‬ Piel Participle fs ‫שָׁלַח‬
145. ‫מְשֻׁלָּח‬ Pual Participle ms ‫שָׁלַח‬

146. ‫כֶת‬.‫מְבֶָר‬ Piel Participle fs ‫בַָּרְך‬
147. ‫מְבָֻקּעָה‬ Pual Participle fs ‫בַָּקע‬
148. ‫מְגְַדּלִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫גַָּדל‬
149. ‫מְהַלְּכִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫הָלְַך‬
150. ‫מְנַחֲמִים‬ Piel Participle mp ‫נָחַם‬
151. ‫הֻמְצָאתֶן‬ Hophal Perfect 2fp ‫מָצָא‬
152. ‫מְֻקטָּלָה‬ Pual Participle fs ‫ָקטַל‬
153. ‫לֶת‬.ֶ‫מְֻקטּ‬ Pual Participle fs ‫ָקטַל‬
154. ‫מְֻקָדּשִׁים‬ Pual Participle mp ‫ָקַדשׁ‬
155. ‫מֻצְּאָה‬ Pual Perfect 3fs ‫מָצָא‬
156. ‫הֵא<סְפוּ‬ Niphal Imperative 2mp ‫אָסַף‬
157. ‫יאָה‬.ִ‫הֵב‬ Hiphil Perfect 3fs ‫בּוֹא‬
158. ‫בֵֵּרְך‬ Piel Perfect 3ms ‫בַָּרְך‬
159. ‫תְּאֻכְּלוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 2mp ‫אָכַל‬
161. ‫ְרכוּ‬,‫תְּב‬ Piel Imperfect 2mp ‫בַָּרְך‬
162. ‫תּוְּרִדי‬ Hophal Imperfect 2fs ‫יַָרד‬
163. ‫תְּנַחֲמוּ‬ Piel Imperfect 2mp ‫נָחַם‬
164. ‫תְּנֻחָמוּ‬ Pual Imperfect 2mp ‫נָחַם‬
165. ‫תְּנֻחָמִי‬ Pual Imperfect 2fs ‫נָחַם‬

Basics of Biblical Hebrew PDF

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Basics of Biblical Hebrew PDF

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Chapter 1a - Hebrew Alphabet

‫א‬ Aleph silent <

Five Hebrew letters have “final” forms. When one of these

Regular Final Example Translit. Translation

‫כ‬ ‫ך‬ ‫דרך‬ drk road, way

‫מ‬ ‫ם‬ ‫עם‬ >m nation, people

‫נ‬ ‫ן‬ ‫זקן‬ zqn old man, elder

‫פ‬ ‫ף‬ ‫כסף‬ ksp money, silver

‫צ‬ ‫ץ‬ ‫ארץ‬ <rß earth, land

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

Begadkephat Pronunciation Transliteration

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

Hebrew consonants that look alike

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

The pronunciation of modern Hebrew differs in a number

‫ג‬ gh as in aghast g as in God

‫ד‬ dh as in the d as in day

‫ת‬ th as in thin t as in toy

‫ו‬ w as in way v as in vine

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫הִתְקַטֵּל‬ he killed himself

3fs ‫ ְטלָה‬,‫ק‬ ‫הִתְקַ ּטְלָה‬ she killed herself

2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ָ‫ט ְלתּ‬.ַּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ you killed yourself

2fs ְ‫ָקטַלְתּ‬ ְ‫הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתּ‬ you killed yourself

1cs ‫לְתִּי‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫ט ְלתִּי‬.ַּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ I killed myself

3cp ‫טְלוּ‬,‫ק‬ ‫הִתְקַ ּטְלוּ‬ they killed themselves

2mp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּם‬ ‫הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתֶּם‬ you killed yourselves

2fp ‫ְק ַטלְתֶּן‬ ‫הִתְקַ ַּט ְלתֶּן‬ you killed yourselves

1cp ‫לְנוּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ‫ַטלְנוּ‬.ּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ we killed ourselves

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

3ms ‫יְִקטֹל‬ ‫יִתְקַ ּטֵל‬ he will kill himself

3fs ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ּטֵל‬ she will kill herself

2ms ‫תְִּקטֹל‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ּטֵל‬ you will kill yourself

2fs ‫תְִּקטְלִי‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ְּטלִי‬ you will kill yourself

1cs ‫אְֶקטֹל‬ ‫אֶתְקַ ּטֵל‬ I will kill myself

3mp ‫יְִקטְלוּ‬ ‫יִתְקַ ּטְלוּ‬ they will kill themselves

3fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ‫ט ְלנָה‬.ֵּ ַ‫תִּתְק‬ they will kill themselves

2mp ‫תְִּקטְלוּ‬ ‫תִּתְקַ ּטְלוּ‬ you will kill yourselves

2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫תְִּק ֹט‬ ‫ט ְלנָה‬.ֵּ ַ‫תִּתְק‬ you will kill yourselves

1cp ‫נְִקטֹל‬ ‫נִתְקַ ּטֵל‬ we will kill ourselves

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

2ms ‫הִתְקַ ּטֵל ְקטֹל‬ kill yourself!

2fs ‫הִתְקַ ּטְלִי ִקטְלִי‬ kill yourself!

2mp ‫הִתְקַ ְטּלוּ ִקטְלוּ‬ kill yourselves!

2fp ‫לְנָה‬.‫ט ְלנָה ְק ֹט‬.ֵּ ַ‫הִתְק‬ kill yourselves!

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

Perfect Imperfect Participle

Strong (u) ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל יְֻקטַל‬

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

3ms ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫הְָקטַל‬

3ms ‫יְֻקטַל‬ ‫יְָקטַל‬

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

Perfect Imperfect Participle

Strong (u) ‫הְֻקטַל‬ ‫מְֻקטָל יְֻקטַל‬

‫א‬ Basics of Biblical Hebrew

‫‪Strong‬‬ ‫הְִקטִיל‬ ‫הְַקטֵל יְַקטִיל‬ ‫מְַקטִיל הְַקטֵל הְַקטִיל‬

Qal Hiphil Translation

3ms ‫קָטַל‬ ‫הְִקטִיל‬ he caused to kill

3fs ‫ ְטלָה‬,‫ק‬ ‫ִילָה‬.‫הְִקט‬ she caused to kill

2ms ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫קָט‬ ָ‫לְתּ‬.ַ‫הְִקט‬ you caused to kill

2fs ְ‫ָקטַלְתּ‬ ְ‫הְִקטַלְתּ‬ you caused to kill