Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Brussels, Belgium
12h
3 Regions : Flandria, Wallonia and Brussels.
3 Languages : French, Dutch and German.
Population : 10.3 Million (less than Tokyo)
Area : 30,528 sq km (about Kyushu)
Seat of both European Union (EU) and NATO.
Flandria,
Dutch speaking.
German speaking.
Brussels,
bilingual.
Wallonia,
French speaking.
Grand-Place,
Brussels.
Atomium, Brussels.
EU Parlement,
Famous places Brussels.
The Lion , Waterloo.
Mannekenpis,
Brussels.
Onze Lieve Vrouw,
Antwerp.
Famous painters
Delvaux
1897-1994
Carnival, Binche.
Flowers drawing,
Grand-Place, Brussels.
Famous Events
Le Doudou, Mons.
Belgian Beers
Belgian Chocolates
Famous Food
Mussels and
Potato Fries
Belgian Waffels
A few things about me
David LEMIN
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
A broad category of chemical compounds, also reffered as Sugars. The most abundant
class of bio-organic molecules on Earth. Although relatively low in human, it constitute
about 75% by mass of dry plant materials.
Main functions: Energy storage, structure element , source of carbon of the bio-
synthesis of other subtsances, “Markers” on cell surface for cell-cell recognition.
OH
OH
OH O OH
OH O OH
OH
HO OO
OH OH HO
OH
OH
Lactose Glucose
Lipids
A broad category of chemical compounds, also reffered as Fat. Most of those products
are non polar fat, oil, or wax that does not (or poorly) dissolves in water.
O O
O
O O
O O
O
Triglyceride
O O
(+)
N P O OH
O
O (-)
P hos phatidylcho line
Testosterone
Proteins
A m ino A cid s
+
=
Quaternary Structure
Primary Structure
Nucleic Acids
Sugar:
Ribose (RNA),
Desoxyribose (DNA)
Phosphate group
NH2
N
N
O O O
(-) O P O P N N
P O
O O
(-) O (-) O
(-) O
HO OH
ATP
Metabolism
The Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a
living organism.
Primary Metabolism: All the chemical reactions necessary for the live of the
organism by itself.
Secondary Metabolites: All the chemical products that are produced by the
living organism but are NOT involved in the primary metabolism. Not necessary
for the live of the organism by itself but usefull for interaction with others
(chemical communication, chemical defences).
Tobacco Plant
N
CH3
N
Nicotine
N
CH3
N
Nicotine
N
CH3
N
Nicotine
Hormones, Pheromones and Allomones
Nest
O
N
H O
Food
Chemical Communication : Sexual Pheromones
D is p a r lu r e
Reproduction
Chemical Defence : Ladybugs
(-)
O (+)
N
Coccinelline
t i sm
sema
p o
A
Chemical Defence : Bombardier Beetle
Enzyme
2 H 2O 2 2 H2O + O2 + HEAT
hydrogen peroxide
OH O
Enzyme
+ H2 O 2 + 2 H2O + HEAT
OH O
hydroquinone p-benzoquinone
Intoduction to Medicinal Chemistry
Answer : Yes, and some times those “Chemical Tools” can be used
as Medicinal Drugs.
Pharmacologically active Natural Products : Digitoxin
Natural Products having a particular activity on the human body wich is benefic
for the treatment of a particular Disease. O
OH
O O
HO
O O
Digitoxin
HO
O O
HO
OH
Natural Products wich are slightly modified in order to improve their activities
or decrease the side-effects.
- 400 BC Use of the bark and leaves of willow tree to
releave pain and fever (Greece).
- 1758 Edward Stone (England) chew the bark of a
willow tree ⇒ bitter ⇒⇒ discovery of Salicin and
Salicilic acid (side effect: stomach pain)
- 1897 Felix Hoffmann (BAYER, Germany) synthesise
Aspirin.
HO OH
Willow tree
O O
OH
HO
OH
Salicin
O OH
O OH
Ac2O
HO O O
Felix Hoffmann
1868-1946 Salicylic acid Aspirin
Total Synthesis vs Semi-synthesis : The Taxol Story
- 1962 A. Barclay isolated Taxol from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree
(Taxus brevifolia)
- Present in very small quantity :
100 year-old tree to isolate 300mg = a single dose ⇒ need to prepare it.
HO O
O OH O
H H
HO O HO O
O O
O T a xo l O
O O
1 0 - d e a c e t y lb a c c a t in I I I
Cinchona tree
N
HO HN HO N
H
H
O
N Cl N N
Chloroquine CF 3 Mefloquine
Quinine
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Homosedinone Analogs
O OH
Sedum acre
O
O OH N
O OH
CH3
N N
CH3 CH3
R O OH
h o m o s e d in o n e
N
CH3
N
Leukemia and ATP Analogs
NH2
N
N
O O O
(-) O P O P P N N
O
O O O
(-) (-) O (-) O
(+)
4Na HO OH
ATP
NH2
N
N
O O O
(-) O P X P P N N
O
O O O
(-) (-) O
(-) O
(+)
4Na R
O
O O
O
Chirality
(R )-L im o n e n e (S )-L im o n e n e
s m e lls o r a n g e s s m e lls le m o n s
New Access to Mitomycin C Anti-Cancer Drug
- Isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus in 1958.
N NH
O
Mitomycin C
(-)
Br
(+)
Ph
Ph N CO2tBu
N
Ar CHO + N N
Ar CO2tBu