SKill Development

OVERVIEW OF
INDIA’S EVOLVING
SKILL DEVELOPMENT
LANDSCAPE
www.britishcouncil.in
OVERVIEW OF INDIA’S EVOLVING SKILL DEVELOPMENT LANDSCAPE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
13
20
22
25
27
1
FOREWORD
Alan Gemmell OBE

Director
British Council India
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Skill India
3
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION Figure 1
EMPLOYABILITY VOCATIONAL
e.g.
• Problem solving
Occupational and technical
• Working in groups skills required to be, for
• Self-management example: car mechanic,
Vocational
• Critical thinking, communication dentist, teacher, nurse
Skills and collaboration
SKILLS
ENTERPRISE CORE
e.g. e.g.
Core Skills
• Creative thinking • Numeracy
• Commercial awareness • Literacy
• Networking; Financial literacy; • Communication
Leadership • IT awareness; Digital Literacy
More People Speak English in India

than in the UK
The UK
Skills System: An Introduction,
4
Table 1
LEARNER ENROLMENTS AND PERCENTAGE BY TYPE OF
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS²
ALL % MALE FEMALE
School 272,193,771 87% 145,414,857 126,778,914
College 32,836,448 10% 19,416,839 13,419,609
Vocational institution 6,449,486 2% 4,197,092 2,252,394
Other institution 3,077,221 1% 1,508,643 1,568,578
HISTORY
5
Skill India
Skill India
Figure 2
HISTORY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT: A SNAPSHOT

National Skills Indian Education
National Policy on
Qualification (new) National Commission
Skill Development
Framework Policy on (Kothari
and
Education Commission)
Entrepreneurship
National Skill (first) National
Apprentices Development Policy on
(Amendment) Education (first) Industrial
Corporation (NSDC)
Act (NPE) Policy
established
2015 2013 2008 1986 1968 1964 1956
2016 2014 2009 1992 1969 1966 1961
Union Budget Ministry of Skill (first) National (modified) (first) National Apprenticeship
2016-17 Development Policy National Policy Industrial Labour Act
and on Skill on Education Training Policy
Entrepreneurship Development (NPE) Institute
established
Training and National Skills

Apprentice division Development
moved to MSDE Agency (NSDA)
(from MoLE) established
6
CHAPTER 2
TRAINING A GLOBAL WORKFORCE
A 'YOUNG' NATION
SCHOOL SEGMENT
7
Table 2
UNEMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS
Level of Education/Year Incidence of 92.38% of workers

Unemployment for 15 in India are informal
years and above age group workers (NSSO,
2004-05 2009-10 2004-05)
Not Literate 0.3 0.3 12.8 million people

join the workforce
Literate without
every year. (National
Formal Schooling 1.2 0.3
Skill Development
Below Primary 1.2 0.7 Policy 2009)
Primary 1.4 1.2 90% graduates and
Middle 2.7 2.1 75% of Engineering
Secondary 4.8 2.7 graduated
unemployable upon
Higher Secondary 6.4 5.2
graduation
Diploma / Certificate 10.4 9.6 (NASSCOM 2011)
Graduate 8.8 6.9
Post Graduate & above 8.1 6.7 Optimism rating:
All Level of Education 2.3 2.0 4/10
Aspiring Minds
HIGHER EDUCATION AND
GRADUATES

Figure 3
NUMBER OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS BY TYPE15
UNIVERSITIES
Central University 42
Higher
Education State Public University 310
Deemed University 127
State Private University 143
Central Open University 1
State Open University 13
Institution of National Importance 68
Institution under State Legislature Act 5
Others 3
Total 712
COLLEGES
STAND ALONE INSTITUTION
Total 36671
Diploma Level Technical 3541
PGDM 392
Diploma Level Nursing 2674
Diploma Level Teacher Training 4706
Institute under Ministries 132
Total 11445
The Hindu
9
Table 3
YOUNG WORKING POPULATION
PERCENTAGE OF WORKFORCE BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
Highest level of educational attainment % of workforce
Illiterate 21%
Literate but below matric/secondary 42%
Matric/secondary but below graduate 25%
Technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree 1%
Graduate and above other than technical degree 9%
Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or

post-graduate degree 2%
Figure 4
CHANGING PATTERNS OF EMPLOYMENT IN INDIA
Proportionate Share of Sectors in Employment Out of a working

age population of
(Planning Commission 2012)
457m, 394m or
70 86 per cent, work in
the unorganised
60 sector (National
Sample Survey
50 Organisation - NSSO
- 2004-05)
Agriculture
40 There are 11,964
Manufacturing
Industrial Training
30 Non-manufactu-
ring Institutes in India
Service (2284 government
20 run) providing
training for 73
10 engineering and 48
non-engineering
0 1999-2000 2004-5 2009-10 trades.
CHANGING PATTERNS OF
EMPLOYMENT IN INDIA
Economic Growth Projections

Make In India
HIGH-GROWTH SECTORS AND

MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
10
Figure 5
ILLUSTRATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS ACROSS SELECT
SECTORS TILL 2022 (IN MILLION)19
0.9
Electronics and IT Hardware 4.2
1.4
Furniture and Furnishings 4.3
Figure 5 illustrates that, for example,
2.5
Leather and Leather Goods 7
2.2
in the Building and Construction
IT and ITeS 7.5
3.3 sector, the requirement of skilled
Gems and Jewellery 8
4.3
8.5
manpower was 25 million in 2008.
BFSI
0.3
17.6
However, by 2022, this requirement
Organised Retail 11
25 will shoot up to 58 million. Similar is
Real Estate Services 13
48 the estimated manpower
Auto and Auto Components 25
58 requirements in various other sectors.
Building and Construction Industry 35.3
61.6
Textiles and Clothing
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2008 2022
11
Figure 6
INCREMENTAL HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENT BY
STATES FROM 2012-202224
Top 5 States Account for 50 per cent of the Incremental

Requirements of the Country
Maharashtra 15.52
Tamil Nadu 13.55
Uttar Pradesh 11.01
Uttaranchal 10.51
Andhra Pradesh 10.87
West Bengal 9.34
Karnataka 8.48
Madhya Pradesh 7.82
Gujrat 5.76
Rajasthan 4.24
Jharkhand 4.45
Rajasthan 4.24
Haryana 3.71
Kerala 3.15
Chattisgarh 3.04
Odisha 2.11
Punjab 1.61
Himachal Pradesh 1.24
Assam 1.23
Jammu & Kashmir 1.12
Delhi 0.34
Tripura 0.26
Meghalaya 0.25
Goa 0.23
The table shows that states like Uttar
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra, Manipur 0.23
Andhra Pradesh, Telengana and Tamil
Nadu would require anywhere Sikkim 0.15
between 10-16 million skilled Arunachal Pradesh 0.15
manpower between the year 2012-
2022 to drive the growth of its Mizoram 0.14
economy.
Nagaland 0.1
12
CHAPTER 3
SKILLS STRUCTURE IN INDIA
GOVERNANCE: UNION AND STATE

RESPONSIBILITIES
As a federal country, the Constitution of
India defines the distribution of
responsibilities for key policy areas by
creating three lists:
Figure 7
UNION, STATE AND CONCURRENT
LISTS WITH EXAMPLES Figure 8
PRADHAN MANTRI KAUSHAL VIKAS YOJANA (PMKVY)
Example: defence,
Union List deployment of any
PMKVY is the flagship skills training scheme of the MSDE
(100 items) armed forces of the
Union, atomic energy
functions of the Union and mineral Objective of PMKVY
Government resources, Foreign
affairs etc. To enable and mobilise a large number of Indian youth to take up
outcome-based skill training, become employable and earn
Example: maintaining their livelihood.
law and order, police
State list (67 items) forces, healthcare,
Key Features of PMKVY
functions of the transport, land
policies, electricity in Targets aligned
State Governments state, village Direct Demand to national Supply side
administration, etc. Standards funds driven flagship perspective in
transfer targets programmes target fixation
and regions
Skill & Education is on Focussed
Variable Robust regime Enhanced
Concurrent list the concurrent list. Recognition of awareness
amount of for registration monitoring and
(52 items) Policy, process, Prior Learning building and
standards are central monetary of training Mentorship
(RPL) mobilisation
functions of both responsibility while reward providers activities support
Centre and State implementing and
training are state
government areas.
Figure 9
DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA GRAMIN KAUSHALYA YOJANA
(DDU-GKY)
DDU-GKY is a scheme under the Ministry of Rural Development

The Ministry of Skill Development
and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) at It is a placement linked skilling programme for rural
the Centre is responsible for youth with help of various stakeholders
coordinating all skill development

efforts, while at the State level, it is Components
the state skill ministries (which is
Promote
often combined with the education livelihoods Monitoring Certifi-
ministry). Focus on Role of Financial
by both cation
social SRLM’s/PIA’s manage-
placement inputs/ through
inclusion etc. ment
linked outputs NCVT/SSC
skilling
13
OVERVIEW OF KEY GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS IN SKILLS SECTOR
Prime Minister's
Office
Connects to Ministry of Skill
Ministry of Human Ministry of Other Ministry specific

Resource Development Rural Development programmes
National
Deen Dayal
National Council Upadhyaya
All India Council
of Educational Grameen Kaushalya
for Technical
Research and Yojana (DDU GKY)
Education (AICTE)
Training (NCERT)
PSS Central Institute Central Institutes:

of Vocational Example
– Advanced Training
Education (PSSCIVE)
Institutes (ATIs)
– Central Staff Training &

Research Institute (CSTARI)
Connects to SSCs
Connects to NSDC Training Providers
Department of School Department of Higher &

Education & Literacy E
Technical Education
[N
State
Secondary Polytechnics
Schools and Technical
Colleges Industrial
Training
Institutes
Connects to SSCs
Key
Certification,
Government of India Statutory or Policy, Regulatory, Organisational
assessment or
Government Bodies Capacity Building or Relationship
Training
Assessment relationship
organisations
14
Development and Entrepreneurship
Policy across Government Ministry of Skill

Development and
Entrepreneurship
National
National Skills National Skills
Directorate General of
Development Development
Training
Corporation (NSDC) Agency (NSDA)
National Council
for Vocational NSDC
Assessing Sector Skills
Training (NCVT) Training
Bodies Councils
Partners
Directorate of
Employment and
Training
Note Department name
State Skills
may vary by state] Development
Mission (SSDMs)
State
State Council
for Vocational
Training (SCVT)
[Note name may vary
by state]
SECTOR SKILL COUNCILS - INDIA
Retail Media & Games & Indian

Security Automotive IT-ITeS Leather Telecom Rubber
Associations Entertainment Jewelry Plumbing
Capital Apparel & Beauty &

Agriculture Electronics Construction Healthcare Life Sciences Power Mining
Goods Furnishing Wellness
Handicrafts & Tourism & Textiles & Earth Moving Food Furniture
Iron & Steel Logistics BFSI Sports
Carpets Hospitality Handicrafts & Infra. Processing and Fitting
Aviation & Domestic Management Paint & Strategic

Green Jobs SSC for PWD Oil & Gas Education Chemical
Aerospace Worker & Entrep. Coating Manufacturing
15
BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF Figure 10

DELIVERY AGENTS FOR SKILL SOME STATISTICS
DEVELOPMENT
Directorate General for Training
 11, 964 Industrial Training Institutes
in India

> 9680: privately run

> 2284: government run

NSDC affiliated organisations
Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) 
 267 affiliated training centre

AICTE affiliated institutions
ITIs are managed by the Directorate
General for Training, who funds and
 1,910 polytechnics
oversees the National Council for Senior secondary schools
Vocational Training (NCVT) and a  70,700 overall
network of Central Institutions that
> 24,062 government
build the capacity and the curriculum
for the network of ITIs. Individual ITIs in > 19,816 private aided
turn, are funded and managed by the > 26,892 private unaided
state government. There is scope for Private unaided training providers
state-level certification through the
 No reliable data available
State Council for Vocational Training,
but this is not widely utilised.
MORE STATISTICS
Ministry of Skill Development
State Skill Development Missions
and Entrepreneurship has
(SSDM)
1386 Qualification Packs
State Skill Development Missions are 6,744 unique National Occupational
fully devolved to the states. They have Standards (NOS)
flexibility to develop programmes for
their state. Many follow a similar model
to the central initiatives by engaging
private training organisations to
provide training to priority learners.
Most programmes align the
certification of their programmes to
SSCs or the NCVT.
16
TRAINING ORGANISATIONS







Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)
Privately-funded
Polytechnics
CAPACITY BUILDING
CERTIFICATION BODIES
Government funded programmes
25. List if sectors and courses are available at sdis.gov.in/SDI/frmViewSectorsCourses.aspx

26. List available at www.dget.nic.in/content/institute/central--institutions.php
17
ASSESSMENT BODIES
APPRENTICESHIPS
27. Report on assessment bodies can be found at www.britishcouncil.in/sites/default/files/ilo_british_council_skill_assessment_in_india.pdf
18
INDUSTRY BODIES
19
CHAPTER 4
POLICY INITIATIVES
Figure 11
NATIONAL POLICY FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MAIN CHALLENGES CORE OBJECTIVES
 Only 4.69 per cent of  Create a demand for

India’s Workforce is Skill development
skilled across the country
SKILLS MINISTRY BROUGHT TO
 Requirement for Skilled  Align Skill development
LIFE manpower by 2022 with required
will be 109.73 million competencies

 Connect the supply of
skilled resources with
national and global
demands

 Foster entrepreneurship
including women
entrepreneurship

Global partnerships have been listed as one of

 the major enablers to achieve the objectives



THE NATIONAL POLICY ON

SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP WAS
RELEASED IN 2015
20
Figure 12
2016-17: UNION BUDGET AND HIGHLIGHTS
FOR SKILL INDIA
Transnational Skill
Standards in India  Rs 1,700 crore will be used for setting up 1,500
multi-skill training institutes in the country and
scaling up Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
 proposal to set up National Board for Skill
Development Certification in partnership with
the industry and academia
India International
Skill Centers (IISC)  proposal to exempt service tax on services
provided under Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen
Kaushalya Yojana and services provided by
Assessing Bodies empanelled by Ministry of Skill
Development and Entrepreneurship.
28. Source: imesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/India-launches-skill-standards-which-have-global-recognition-benchmarks-them-to-UK-

Standards/articleshow/51699462.cms
29. Source: economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/53252497.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.
21
CHAPTER 5
UK ENGAGEMENT


STRATEGIC SUPPORT 
UK India Education Research


Initiative (UKIERI):


 Consultancy
National Skills Development 
Corporation:


MARKETS 
 Individuals Seeking International
Training and Qualifications
  Corporate Social Responsibility

(CSR)

30. More details on funding from NSDC is available at www.nsdcindia.org/funding

31. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2015_Highlights.pdf
32. According to data from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA);
www.livemint.com/Politics/J8c8u8zoCk7rFfdPc3HYoO/Union-Budget-201617-Education-and-skill-development-may-at.html
33. The World Bank Enterprise Surveys 2014
22
RESEARCH ON OPPORTUNITIES TO
PARTNER IN INDIA
 Skill Development
landscape in India: A perspective
for foreign service providers

34. Report available at: www.ukieri.org/images/pdf/UKIERI-Report-Final-Version-3rd-November-2015.pdf Or can be downloaded from: www.ukieri.org
23
Figure 13
ROLE OF UK ORGANISATIONS
The British High Commission in India is responsible for

developing and maintaining relations between the UK and India.
The UK has expertise and quality to offer in areas such as skilling
ecosystem, NOS, assessment, train the trainer, train the assessor,
sector skills councils and qualifications frameworks. The FCO
Prosperity fund is supporting development of sustainable skilling
solutions for India, including the setting up of centres of
excellences in various sectors.
The British Council is the UK's cultural organisation and has a

dedicated Skills team to support UK organisations interested in
working in India. The team functions primarily through research
partnerships and building cultural connections through joint
platforms, such as conferences and building closer ties under
global initiatives like the World Skills. The British Council also
delivers projects on behalf of other organisations, such as
providing the secretariat for the UK India Education Research
Initiative (UKIERI) and delivering the Asian Development Banks
Capacity Building technical assistance grant to Supporting
Human Capital Development in Meghalaya.
The Department for International Development (DFID) leads the

UK’s work to end extreme poverty. We're ending the need for aid
by creating jobs, unlocking the potential of girls and women and
helping to save lives when humanitarian emergencies hit.
The Department for International Trade provides expert

international trade advice and practical support to UK-based
vocational education companies who want to grow their
business in India. The Department for International Trade works
with Indian Government, states and businesses that want to
engage UK partners in education projects. The Department for
International Trade also supports Indian companies to source
education related expertise, products and services from the UK.
The UK India Business Council supports UK businesses with

the insights, networks, policy advocacy, services, and facilities
needed to succeed in India.
24
BRITISH COUNCIL
www.britishcouncil.org.
twitter.com/britishcouncil
http://blog.britishcouncil.org
25
ANNEXURE
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ATI: MoLE: PSSCIVE:
AICTE:
MoRD:
QCI:
AITT: MSDE:
QP:
AHI:
MSME: RVTI:
ASSOCHAM:
NPSDE 2015: RMSA:

ATS:
CSR: RPL:
CSTARI: NCERT:
SSC
NCVT: TTTI:
CTI:
NIMI: TVET:
CII:
CTS:
NOS:
DDU GKY:
NPE:
DGT: NSDA:
FICCI:
NSDC:
FTIs:
NSDF:
GDP:
NSDCB:
ITI:
LMIS: NSQF:
MES-SDI: NSRD:
NVTI:
MHRD:
PMKVY:
27
28
Leighton Ernsberger
Assistant Director - Skills, India
British Council
17 Kasturba Gandhi Marg
New Delhi 110 001
India
E: leighton.ernsberger@britishcouncil.org
© British Council 2016

The British Council is the United Kingdom’s international organisation for cultural relations and educational
opportunities.
www.britishcouncil.in

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OVERVIEW OF

Alan Gemmell OBE

More People Speak English in India

College 32,836,448 10% 19,416,839 13,419,609

Vocational institution 6,449,486 2% 4,197,092 2,252,394

Other institution 3,077,221 1% 1,508,643 1,568,578

HISTORY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT: A SNAPSHOT

2015 2013 2008 1986 1968 1964 1956

2016 2014 2009 1992 1969 1966 1961

Training and National Skills

TRAINING A GLOBAL WORKFORCE

Level of Education/Year Incidence of 92.38% of workers

Not Literate 0.3 0.3 12.8 million people

Literate but below matric/secondary 42%

Matric/secondary but below graduate 25%

Technical diploma or certiﬁcate not equal to degree 1%

Graduate and above other than technical degree 9%

Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or

Proportionate Share of Sectors in Employment Out of a working

HIGH-GROWTH SECTORS AND

Top 5 States Account for 50 per cent of the Incremental

SKILLS STRUCTURE IN INDIA

GOVERNANCE: UNION AND STATE

DDU-GKY is a scheme under the Ministry of Rural Development

coordinating all skill development

OVERVIEW OF KEY GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS IN SKILLS SECTOR

Connects to Ministry of Skill

Ministry of Human Ministry of Other Ministry speciﬁc

PSS Central Institute Central Institutes:

– Central Staff Training &

Connects to NSDC Training Providers

Department of School Department of Higher &

Development and Entrepreneurship

Policy across Government Ministry of Skill

SECTOR SKILL COUNCILS - INDIA

Retail Media & Games & Indian

Capital Apparel & Beauty &

Aviation & Domestic Management Paint & Strategic

BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF Figure 10

Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)

25. List if sectors and courses are available at sdis.gov.in/SDI/frmViewSectorsCourses.aspx

27. Report on assessment bodies can be found at www.britishcouncil.in/sites/default/ﬁles/ilo_british_council_skill_assessment_in_india.pdf

MAIN CHALLENGES CORE OBJECTIVES

 Only 4.69 per cent of  Create a demand for

Global partnerships have been listed as one of

THE NATIONAL POLICY ON

28. Source: imesoﬁndia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/India-launches-skill-standards-which-have-global-recognition-benchmarks-them-to-UK-

UK India Education Research

30. More details on funding from NSDC is available at www.nsdcindia.org/funding

34. Report available at: www.ukieri.org/images/pdf/UKIERI-Report-Final-Version-3rd-November-2015.pdf Or can be downloaded from: www.ukieri.org

The British High Commission in India is responsible for

The British Council is the UK's cultural organisation and has a

The Department for International Development (DFID) leads the

The Department for International Trade provides expert

The UK India Business Council supports UK businesses with

ATI: MoLE: PSSCIVE:

NPSDE 2015: RMSA:

© British Council 2016

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