NAME:_____________________________________STRAND:______________DATE:___________
_
Two Important Contexts of Social Science
• scientific process
• social space
Philosophical Thoughts of Ancient Greek
Philosophers:
PLATO
• Human nature or the soul is a reflection
of society.
• Society can achieve harmony by creating
classes or divisions.
ARISTOTLE
• Governments can be transformed into
something just of corrupt.
HERODOTUS
• Cultures of different societies converged and
diverged
EARLY SCHOLARS IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF SOCIAL SCIENCE:
Al-Biruni, an Islamic medieval scholar, he
documented the lives of early populations in the
Middle East and South Asia, and the Mediterrenean.
Most Acclaimed Works:
 The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
A comparative study of the different calendars of
cultures and civilizations in the Middle East and
South Asia.
 Critical Study of What India Says,
whether Accepted by Reason or
Refused – a detailed account of the religion and
philosophy of India.
Ibn Khaldun, a North African Muslim scholar who
was recognized as one of the key founders of
several disciplines in the social sciences.
Most Acclaimed Works:
 Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun
“universal history approach”
scientific approach
Thomas Hobbes
Born April 5, 1588, Westport, Wiltshire, England
Died: December 4, 1679, Hardwick Hall,
Derbyshire
• English philosopher and scientist, and historian
• Wrote views of government in Leviathan
(published in 1651)
• Leviathan- a sea monster (whale,
crocodile –Job 41,
Ps.74:14 devil after Isa. 27:1)
Old Testament references to a huge sea
monster, Leviathan (in Hebrew, Liwyāthān), are
thought to spring from an ancient myth in which the god
Baal slays a multi headed sea
monster. Leviathan can also be immensely useful as a
general term meaning "something monstrous or of
enormous size."
• Social Contract Theory- based on the relation
between the absolute sovereign and the civil
society.
• People are selfish, greedy
• Believed people needed government to impose
order
• Absolute monarchy
• Divine right
• ABSOLUTE MONARCHY – is a form of
government in which the ruling monarch enjoys
absolute control without limitations from a
constitution or from law.
• MONARCH- the head of the state and head of
government with unrestricted political power.
• MONARCH- the head of the state and head of
government with unrestricted political power.
• -power transmits either through
marriage or hereditary to offspring of the
ruling monarch.
• DIVINE RIGHT- God’s representative
John Locke
• Born: August 29, 1632, Wrington, United
Kingdom
• Died: October 28, 1704, High Laver, United
Kingdom
• English philosopher and physician
• Most Influential of Enlightenment thinkers
• The Age of Enlightenment (also known as
the Age of Reason or simply
the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and
philosophical movement that dominated the
world of ideas in Europe during the 18th
century, the "Century of Philosophy".
• Father of Liberalism
• LIBERALISM- based on the social contract,
arguing that each man has a natural right to life,
liberty and property and governments must not
violate these rights.
- is the belief that people should
have a lot of political and individual free-
dom.
Baron de Montesquieu
 French judge, man of letters, and political
philosophers
Born: January 18, 1689, La Brede, France
Died: February 10 1755, Paris, France
Theory of separation of government powers:
1. Executive – is the organ exercising authority in
and holding responsibility for the governance
of a state. The executive executes and enforces
laws.
2. Legislative- belonging to the branch of
government that is charged with such powers as
making laws, levying and collecting taxes, and
making financial appropriations.
3. Judicial – belonging to the branch of
government that is charged with trying all
cases that involve the government and with
the administration of justice within its juris-
diction
• Checks and Balances- each branch of
government should check (limit) the power .To
avoid placing too much power with one
individual or group of individuals.
Jean –Jacques Rousseau
a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer.
Born : 28 June 1712, Geneva, Switzerland
Died : 2 July 1778, Ermenonville, France
• He was also a musician and lover of nature –
because of his freedom of spirit and thought, he
is considered an influential figure of
the European Enlightenment and a precursor of
Romanticism.’
• Romanticism was an artistic, literary, musical
and intellectual movement that originated in
Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and
in most areas was at its peak in the approximate
period from 1800 to 1850.
His most influential political work was the Social
Contract (1762) – which promoted the ideal of a
more egalitarian republicanism.
• Egalitarian- relating to or believing in the
principle that all people are equal and deserve
equal rights and opportunities.
Checked by:
Rhoda A. Sanchez
 Great Thinkers of French Revolution:
SOCIAL SCIENCES 1. Marquis de Lafayette- French aristocrat and
Moral philosophy military officer who fought in the American
 Age of Revolution Revolutionary War
 Industrial Revolution 2. Maximilien Robespierre- French lawyer and
 French Revolution politician, one of the best known and most
Moral Philosophy (Ethics) influential figures associated with the
0 are a system of moral principles and a branch of French Revolution.
philosophy which defines what is good for 3. Nicolas de Condorcet- French philosopher
individuals and society. and mathematician.
0 seeks to resolve questions of human morality 4.
by defining concepts such as – good and evil
- right and wrong
- virtue and vice
- justice and crime
The Age of Revolution (1774-1849 )
0 economic and social transformation
0 massive political change
0 change in government – absolutist monarchies
to constitutionalist states and republics
Constitutionalist-government in which power is
distributed and limited by a system of laws that the
rulers must obey. An advocate of constitutional
government.
Republics- a state in which supreme power is held by the
people and their elected representatives, and which has
an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)

 Britain
 A nonviolent source of social change.
 A shift from human labor dependence to
machine dependence
 Agrarian based areas were highly dependent on
manpower.
French Revolution (1789-1799)
 the bloodiest in modern history caused by the
economic, social, and political problems that
plagued France.
 economic crisis (widening gap between the
rich and the poor due to power of the elite )
elite- a select group that is superior in terms of ability or
qualities to the rest of a group or society.
"the elite of Britain's armed forces"

 Society was divided into three classes:

0 clergy- the body of all people ordained for
religious duties, especially in the Christian
Church.
0 nobility-the group of people belonging to the
noble class in a country, especially those with a
hereditary or honorary title.
0 masses-the ordinary people who form the
largest group in a society.
 ORANI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-MAIN
Tugatog Kawayan, Orani, Bataan

First Quarter Examination in Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

S.Y. 2019- 2020

Name: ______________________________ Grade&Sec:___________________________ Date: _________________ Score: ______

I. Read the statements below carefully and encircle the letter of your choice. NO ERASURES.
1. Cultures of different societies converged and 16. French judge, man of letters, and political
diverged. philosophers.
a. Plato c. Herodotus a. Jean –Jacques Rousseau c. John Locke
b. Aristotle d. Hobbes b. Baron de Montesquieu d.Thomas Hobbes
2. Society can achieve harmony by creating classes or 17. It was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual
divisions. movement that originated in Europe toward the end of
a. Plato c. Herodotus the 18th century.
b. Aristotle d. Hobbes a. Enlightenment c. Liberalism
3. Governments can be transformed into something b. Romanticism d. Monarchism
just of corrupt. 18. It is related to or believing in the principle that all
a. Plato c. Herodotus people are equal and deserve equal rights and
b. Aristotle d. Hobbes opportunities.
4. English philosopher and scientist, and historian, he a. Egalitarian c. Romanticism
wrote views of government in Leviathan. b. Liberalism d. Monarchism
a. Plato c. Herodotus 19. A system of moral principles and a branch of
b. Aristotle d. Hobbes philosophy which defines what is good for individuals
5. A form of government in which the ruling monarch and society.
enjoys absolute control without limitations from a a. philosophy c.morality
constitution or from law. b. moral philosophy d. immorality
a. absolute monarchy c.divine right 20. The government in which power is distributed and
b. monarchy d. enlightenement limited by a system of laws that the rulers must obey.
6. It is based on the relation between the absolute a. republics c. monarchies
sovereign and the civil society. b. constitutionalist d.aristocracy
a. Social Contract Theory c. monarchy 21. The bloodiest in modern history caused by the
b.Absolute monarchy d. Liberalism economic, social, and political problems that plagued
7. The head of the state and head of government with France.
unrestricted political power. a. Age of Revolution c. American Revolution
a. Social Contract Theory c. monarchy b. Industrial Revolution d. French Revolution
b.Absolute monarchy d. Liberalism 22. The ordinary people who form the largest group in a
8. The belief that people should have a lot of political society.
and individualfreedom. a. elite c. clergy
a. Social Contract Theory c. monarchy b. noble d. masses
b.Absolute monarchy d. Liberalism 23. A state in which supreme power is held by the
9. It was an intellectual and philosophical movement that people and their elected representatives, and which has
dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
century. a. republics c. monarchies
a. The Age of Enlightenment c. French Revolution b. constitutionalist d.aristocracy
b. Age of Revolution d.Industrial Revolution 24. French lawyer and politician, one of the best known
10. It is based on the social contract, arguing that each and most influential figures associated with the French
man has a natural right to life, liberty and property and Revolution.
governments must not violate these rights. a. Maximilien Robespierre c. Nicolas de Condorcet
a. Social Contract Theory c. monarchy b. Marquis de Lafayette d.Baron de la Brede et de
b.Absolute monarchy d. Liberalism Montesquieu
11. It belongs to the branch of government that is 25. French aristocrat and military officer who fought in
charged with such powers as making laws, levying and the American Revolutionary War.
collecting taxes, and making financial appropriations. a. Maximilien Robespierre c. Nicolas de Condorcet
a. executive c.judicial b. Marquis de Lafayette d.Baron de la Brede et de
b. legislative d.judiciary Montesquieu
12. The branch of government that is charged with 26.The study of phenomena relating to human groups
trying all cases that involve the government and with and sociophysical environment.
the administration of justice within its jurisdiction. a. Social Science c. Empirical Science
a. executive c.judicial b. Physical Science d. Biological Science
b. legislative d.judiciary 27. The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial
13. The organ exercising authority in and holding political control over another country, occupying it with
responsibility for the governance of a state. settlers, and exploiting it economically.
a. executive c.judicial a. Imperialism c.Capitalism
b. legislative d.judiciary b. Colonialism d. Communism
14. He is considered an influential figure of 28. He was the first historian to collect his materials
the European Enlightenment and a precursor of systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent, and
Romanticism. arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative.
a. Jean –Jacques Rousseau c. John Locke a. Ibn Khaldun c. Herodotus
b. Baron de Montesquieu d.Thomas Hobbes b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau d. Nicolas de Condorcet
15. Father of Liberalism
a. Jean –Jacques Rousseau c. John Locke 46. It is concerned with the process by which culture
b. Baron de Montesquieu d.Thomas Hobbes influences people’s ways of seeking health care and
well-being.
a.public anthropology c. medical anthropology
29. He was an English anthropologist, the founder of b.forensic anthropology d. physical anthropology
cultural anthropology. 47.It allows the general population to access
a. Lewis Henry Morgan c.Charles Robert Darwin anthropological explanations to issues that pervade in
b. Edward Burnett Tylor d. Franz Uri Boas society.
30.An economic and political system in which a a.applied anthropology c. medical anthropology
country’s trade and industry are controlled by private b.public anthropology d. forensic anthropology
owner for profit, rather than by the state. 48.This branch of anthropology is essential in resolving
a Imperialism c. Colonialism . crimes or even reconstructing our past as species.
b.Racism d. Capitalism a.applied anthropology c. medical anthropology
31.The belief in the superiority of race over another, b.public anthropology d. forensic anthropology
which often results in discrimination and prejudice 49.The researcher collects data from individuals who are
towards people based on their race or ethnicity. knowledgeable in the topic.
a Imperialism c. Colonialism . a.key informant interview
b.Racism d. Capitalism b.judgement sampling method
32.The theory that governments should have a very c. participant observation method
minimal regulation of commerce. d. focus group discussion method
a. laissez faire c.trade 50.This method requires a lengthy amount of time in the
b. capitalism d.economics field.
33. He was a Scottish economist, philosopher also a.key informant interview
knows as “the Father of Economics.” b.judgment sampling method
a. Lewis Henry Morgan c.Charles Robert Darwin c. participant observation method
b. Edward Burnett Tylor d. Adam Smith d. focus group discussion method
34.“Culture, or civilization” in ethnographic sense, is
that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief,
art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
a. Lewis Henry Morgan c.Charles Robert Darwin
b. Edward Burnett Tylor d. Adam Smith
35. He became fascinated with the land disputes between
the United States government and the American Indian
people known as the “Iroquois.”
a. Lewis Henry Morgan c.Charles Robert Darwin
b. Edward Burnett Tylor d. Adam Smith Prepared by:
36. The practice of metallurgy, domestication of
animals, and agriculture. Rhoda A. Sanchez
a. savagery c. civilization Teacher II
b. barbarism d. slave
37. It promotes the study of peoples and their lifeways
based on the context of their culture and not of the Checked by:
researcher.
a.folkways c.civilization Arsenio N. Ongoco Jr.
b. cultural relativism d. tradition Asst. School Principal II
38.He was regarded as the Father of American
Anthropology.
a. Lewis Henry Morgan c.Charles Robert Darwin
b. Edward Burnett Tylor d. Franz Uri Boas
39. The field that is engage in understanding humans
and their nature as an animal species.
a. linguistic anthropology c.cultural anthropology
b. physical anthropology d.archeology
40.It examines the relationship of the language and
culture of a group of people.
a. linguistic anthropology c.cultural anthropology
b. physical anthropology d.archeology
41. Studies the lifeways and traditions of human groups.
a. linguistic anthropology c.cultural anthropology
b. physical anthropology d.archeology
42. The holistic study of one culture.
a. linguistic anthropology c.enthnography
b. physical anthropology d.archeology
43.It traces the development and evolution of languages.
a. descriptive linguistics c.social linguistics
b. historical linguistics d. primatology
44.The human groups go through stages of development.
a. unilineal evolution c. multilinear evolution
b. bilineal evolution d. evolution process
45.It is concerned with the identification of
unrecognizable remains of humans that may have been
burned, mutilated, or decomposed.
a.applied anthropology c. cultural anthropology
b.forensic anthropology d. physical anthropology