A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

GRADE 11
By Mary Ann L. Tolibao

I. Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the student should be able to:

1. Describe the Universe and its structure;

2. Explain why we are not in the center of the Universe; and
3. Emphasize the immensity of time and by extension the vastness of universe
through problem solving.

II. Subject Matter:

Topic: A Tour of the Universe

Reference: Earth and Life Science
Materials: Pictures, activity materials

III. Procedure:
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Everyone is requested to please stand up for (one student will lead the prayer)
the prayer.

Before you take your seats, kindly pick up some

pieces of papers and arrange your chairs
properly.

Now, let’s check your attendance. Do we have (checking of attendance)

absentees today? No, ma’am.

I am glad that all of you are present today.

Setting of class rules:

 L-Listen
 R- React
 P-Participate actively

Good morning, class? Good morning, ma’am.

A. Preliminary Activity

Learning Task 1- Introduction

Today class, let me first introduce this list of
important terms that we will encounter during
our discussion.

a. Baryonic matter- “ordinary” matter a. Baryonic matter- “ordinary” matter

consisting of protons, electrons, and consisting of protons, electrons, and
 neutrons that comprises atoms, planets,
stars, galaxies and other bodies.
b. Dark matter- matter that has gravity but
does not emit light.
c. Dark energy- a source of anti-gravity; a
force that counteracts gravity and causes
the universe to expand.
d. Protostar- an early stage in the formation of
a star resulting from the gravitational
collapse of gases.
e. Thermonuclear reaction- a nuclear fusion
reaction responsible for the energy
produced by stars.
f. Main sequence star- starts that fuse
hydrogen atom to form helium atoms in their
cores; outward pressure resulting from
nuclear fusion is balanced by gravitational
forces.
g. Light year- the distance light can travel in a
year; a unit off length used to measure
astronomical distance.
Learning Task 2-Motivation
For you to have an idea about the topic that we
are going to discuss today, let me first assess if
you really know the planets of our Solar system.
Now, group yourselves into 4 groups.
Each group will have pictures of the different
planets in the Solar system. Then, identify each
planet based on its characteristics as seen in
the picture and arrange them accordingly. (2pts
per correct answer. 8x2=16 correct answer +4
pts additional. The total score for the 1st activity
is 20 pts)
neutrons that comprises atoms, planets,
stars, galaxies and other bodies.
b. Dark matter- matter that has gravity but
does not emit light.
c. Dark energy- a source of anti-gravity; a
force that counteracts gravity and causes
the universe to expand.
d. Protostar- an early stage in the
formation of a star resulting from the
gravitational collapse of gases.
e. Thermonuclear reaction- a nuclear
fusion reaction responsible for the energy
produced by stars.
f. Main sequence star- starts that fuse
hydrogen atom to form helium atoms in
their cores; outward pressure resulting
from nuclear fusion is balanced by
gravitational forces.
g. Light year- the distance light can travel
in a year; a unit off length used to
measure astronomical distance.
All Group: We got it ma’am.
Who got it all correct?

B. Lesson Proper:
Learning Task 3- Activity

Today class you will have another activity that

will help you to be familiar with the
characteristics of the Universe.
Accordingly, Universe is at least 13.8 billion
years old and the Earth/Solar system at least
4.5-4.6 billion years old. But how large exactly
is a billion?
To help you grasp ideas on how large it is, let’s
take this as an example:

Instruction:
(1) Representative from each group should Answer:
answer the problem.
Given:
If you will be given 1 billion pesos, how long will 1 billion = 1,000,000,000
it take you to spend the money if you spend 1 60 sec =1 min
peso per second? 60 min =1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
(Formula: 1 billion/(60 s/min x 60 min/hr x 24 365 days = 1 year
hr/day x 365 days/year
Solution:
1, 000,000,000
(60 s/min x 60 min/hr x 24 hr/day x 365
days/year)

=1,000,000,000
31, 536, 600 s/year

=31.68 or 32
Learning Task 3- Analysis

What have you observed with our first activity It shows the Solar system which includes the
class? Sun and the objects that orbits in it either
directly or indirectly.
Yes, that’s correct. The planets are part of the
Solar System. Solar system is also part of
what? The galaxy ma’am. Specifically, the Milky
Way galaxy, ma’am.
Correct. The Milky way is one of the billions of
the galaxies in the Universe.

From this illustration (the picture below), can

you point out the position of the Solar System in
our galaxy (Milky way Galaxy)? Yes, ma’am. The Sun (Solar system) is at the
outer limb of the galaxy, ma’am.

Do you think that we are in the center of the No, ma’am. Our galaxy, the Milky way is just
Universe? one of the billions of galaxies in the Universe.
Therefore, our location in the universe at the
center is uncertain.
(The Milky Way Galaxy)

That’s a very good observation.

Some of the Universe’ structure and
composition include:

 It comprises all space and time, and all

matter and energy in it.
 It is made up of 4.6% baryonic matter, 24%
cold dark matter, and 71.4% dark energy.
 Hydrogen, helium and lithium are the three
most abundant.
 Stars are the building block of galaxies.
They are born out of clouds of gas and dust
in the galaxies. Instabilities within the clouds
eventually results into gravitational collapse,
 rotation, heating up, and transformation into
a protostar- the hot core of a future star as
thermonuclear reactions set in.
(the structure and the composition of the
Universe will be discussed in the next lesson)

Learning Task 4- Abstraction

This time class, we will have another activity.

We are going to play celebrity bluff’s fact or bluff
game. Are you ready?

Direction: Identify whether the statement is a

fact or a bluff. Use or raise the red flag to
indicate your answer as bluff; otherwise raise
your blue flag for fact statements.

Statements: Answers:
1. The Universe is at least 10 billion years 1. Bluff- 13.8 billion years old
old? 2. Bluff- the solar system is in the milky
2. The solar system is not a part of the way galaxy
Milky Way galaxy? 3. Fact
3. We are not at the center of the Universe. 4. Bluff-hydrogen, helium and lithium
4. Hydrogen, helium and oxygen were 5. Fact
most abundant element.
5. The universe comprises all space and
time, and all matter and energy in it.

Learning Task 5-Application

Answer briefly:
Give a brief description of the Universe.

IV. Evaluation

Direction: Match column A to column B

A B
1. Baryonic matter a. matter that has gravity but does not emit light
2. Dark Matter b. early stage in the formation of the star
3. Dark Energy c. nuclear fusion reaction
4. Protostar d. a unit of length used to measure astronomical distance
5. Thermonuclear reaction e. ordinary matter consisting of protons, electrons and neutrons
6. Light years f. a source of anti-gravity
7. Universe g. battery
8. Protons h. basic unit of matter
9. Electrons i. negative charge
10. Atom j. balloon
11. Galaxy k. positive charge
12. Helium l. Milky way
13. Lithium m. 13.8 billion years old

For numbers 14-15.

How many seconds are there in an entire year?

Answer Key:
1. E
2. A
3. F
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. M
8. K
9. I
10. H
11. L
12. J
13. G
14. -15. 60 sec/min x 60 min/hr x 24hrs/day x 365days/yr = 31,536,000 sec

V. Assignment
In your notebook, research the following

1. What is redshift? How it affects the expanding universe?

2. What is doppler effect?

Submitted to

ZITA B. DURAN
SHS SJIT-Main Principal