Chapter I

The Problem

A person's educational achievement was closely linked to their chances, income

and well-being. Therefore, it was important to have a clear understanding of what
benefits or hinders one's educational attainment.

Education was the best legacy a nation can give to her citizens especially the
youth. This was because the development of any nation or community depends largely
on the quality of education of such a nation. It was generally believed that the basis for
any true development commence with the development of human resources. Much
then was said that formal education remains the vehicle for socio-economic
development and social mobilization in any society.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a composite measure of an individual's economic and

sociological standing. It is a complex assessment measured in a variety of ways that account
for a person's work experience and economic and social position in relation to others, based
on income, education, and occupation.

Philippines, like any other "third world countries", was suffering from crisis which
largely affect on education status of people. One in six school-age-children were
deprived of education, tells us of what is in store in our country's future (National
Statistical Coordination Board).

Research indicated that children from low-SES households and communities

develop academic skills more slowly compared to children from higher SES groups
(Morgan, Farkas, Hillemier, & Maczuga, 2009).

1
 The researchers observed that the Grade X Galileo students of Ditay National
High School S.Y: 2017-2018 had different socio-economic background. Thus, it
affected their academic performance.

This research was conducted to show the relationship between parents'

socioeconomic status and academic performance of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay
National High School S.Y: 2017-2018.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status

of parents and students’ academic performance. Specifically, it further sought answers
to the following questions:

1. What is the socioeconomic status of the parents of Grade X students of Ditay

National High School SY: 2017-2018?
a. Parents' educational attainment?
b. Parents' occupation?
c. Parents' annual income?
d.
2. What is the academic performance of Grade X- Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY: 2017-2018 during the second quarter?

3. Is there significant relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and

academic performance of Grade X- Galileo students of Ditay National High
School during the second quarter of SY:2017-2018, when parents’ educational
attainment and annual income was combined?

2
Hypotheses

In conducting this study, the following hypotheses was advanced:

Ho: Parents' educational attainment and annual income has no significant relationship
to their students' academic performance.

Ha: Parents' educational attainment and annual income has significant relationship to
their students' academic performance.

Relevance of the Study

The following would be beneficial in this study:

Guidance Counselors.
The result of this study would serve as their basis guiding and counselling
students with different socioeconomic status.

Teachers.
The result of this study would serve as their basis in dealing and handling
students with different socioeconomic background and find ways to encourage
students to focus on academic activities.

Student.
They would be encouraged and motivated in their academic activities.

Parents.

3
 The result of this study would help them to find ways and means to support and
encourage their children to focus on academic performance.

School Administrators
The result of this study would help them to know that parents socioeconomic
status were the factors that affects students' academic performance and they would
be enabled to help students with low socioeconomic background.
Other Researchers.
The result of this study would serve as their reference for further research about
this topic.

Scope and Limitation

The study on socioeconomic status was too broad, hence, this study was
focused on parents’ educational attainment, occupation and annual income; and to
determine the relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and academic
performance of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018
when parents' educational attainment and annual income were combined.

The academic performance of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay National High

School refers to their average grades during the second quarter of SY:2017-2018.

4
 Conceptual Framework

*Parents’ Educational Academic Performance of

Attainment Grade X-Galileo Students of

*Parents' Occupation Ditay National High School

*Parents' Annual Income SY: 2017-2018

Figure 1. A Conceptual Model of a Study on Parents' Socioeconomic Status and

Students' Academic Performance

5
 Based on the conceptual framework, the independent variable was the parents'
socioeconomic status. It composed of parents' educational attainment, occupation and
annual income. These factors influenced the dependent variable which was the
students' academic performance.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of this study the following important terms were defined:

Academic Performance.
In this study, this term referred to the average grade of Grade X-Galileo students
of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018 during the second quarter.

Annual Income.
In this study, this term referred to the annual income of the parents of Grade X-
Galileo students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018.

Educational Attainment.
In this study, this term referred to the highest level of education of a parent of a
Grade X-Galileo student of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018 had achieved.

Occupation.
In this study, this term referred to the occupation of the parents of Grade X-
Galileo students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018.

6
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Socioeconomic status of parents hinders and limit environment in

academic activities of their children either due to their lower level of educational
attainment, or due to their compelling commitments which ultimately influence the
academic performance of their children at school. Epstein (2010) conceptualized the
connection between home and school as an essential strategy for parents and schools.
According to Epstein, home and school partnership strategy can positively influence
students' academic performance and level of gratification.

Epstein, Sanders, Simon, Salinas, Jansorn and Voorhis (2002) in their research
on problems that hinder parental involvement and hence their disengagement from
participating in home-school partnership programs, found that changing curriculum
requirements in higher grades is one of the factors that hinder the parental involvement
because all parents do not have the educational level to understand and help their
children at home or involved in school activities. Secondly, they concluded that
socioeconomic status of parents limits their school going children. Socioeconomic
status of parents affects their quality and frequency of interaction with teachers. They
further explored that parents are less involved in school activities due to their
compelling commitments. Since according to Epstien (2010), parental involvement is
related to students’ academic performance. Hence, these socioeconomic status
issues produce negative impact on students' performance.

Socioeconomic status of parents affects their students' academic performance

and hence graduation rate. Hernandez (2011) carried out a quantitative analysis of
7
parents' socioeconomic status in relation to the rate of completion of high school studies
by their children at age of 19 years. The study collected socioeconomic data from the
parents of 3975 students every two years the result of the study found that poverty or
low socioeconomic status had a negative impact on student’ s graduation rate.
Moreover, the study found that Hispanic and black children had significantly low
completion rate compared to white students.

Social status origins not only affect students' college experiences and outcomes
but also their career choices. Walpole (2003) used data of 12376 college students from
209 different institutions. Student Information Form(SIF) part of his study was a four
years and then nine years’ follow-up survey providing data on student’ s activities in
college, their future plans, aspirations to follow in college, and their educational and
occupational achievement information after college. SIF also collected data on
socioeconomic status of students in terms of their parents' income educational
attainment and occupational status. The study found that low socioeconomic
background students work more, study less and earn lower Grade Point Average(GPA)
and hence can be associated with lower graduation rates as compared to all others
and high socioeconomic status background students. Moreover, the low
socioeconomic status students earn lower incomes, lower level of educational
attainment and educational aspirations compared to high SES students as found in 9
years’ follow-up study after college entry. The lower level of educational attainment in
the follow-up study was considered to be the reason that they work full time jobs instead
focusing on education. While high SES students consider investment in graduate
education which help them achieve higher incomes and higher level of educational
attainment. Thus, socioeconomic status background affects educational aspirations
and academic performance not only during college but also after the college.

Parents' financial status is another important indicator of socioeconomic status

and has been research for its impact on a students' academic performance. Hernandez
(2011) found significant correlation between the years lived in poverty by a student and

8
the probability of completing high school at the age of 19 years, which shows the
negative impact of low economic status on students’ academic performance.

Ziol-Guest, Duncan, & Kalil (2015) in their research on the impact of single
parenting on students' academic achievement also found the financial factor affecting
the students’ graduation rates. Since single parenting is usually associated with lower
financial income which was found to have negative impact on students' academic
performance and hence graduation rates. Since parents' financial status is related to
their occupational status. Based on the assumption that occupational status is related
to financial status and is also related to students' academic performance the same as
financial status is. Hence it can be explained that good occupational status of parents
will predict better academic performance and graduation rates among students.

Based on the research literature discussed above, the socioeconomic status of

parents was related to students' academic performance and their high school
graduation rates. Moreover, the higher educational aspirations and educational
attainment level of students is also directed by the socioeconomic status of their
parents. Considering individual indicators of socioeconomic status, parents'
educational attainment and their financial and occupational status are significantly
related to academic performance and high school graduation rates of their children.
The major reasons for lower academic performance and high school graduation rates
are found to be the weak occupational, financial and educational attainment levels
hindering parental involvement in the academic activities of their children.

9
 Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, research respondents, sampling

procedure, research environment, research instrument, data collection procedure, and
data analysis.

Research Design

This study used descriptive-correlational approach to describe the parents'

socioeconomic status of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay National High School
SY:2017-2018 also to describe the academic performance of Grade X-Galileo students
of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018 during the second quarter. The research
design can also be used to determine the relationship between parents' socioeconomic
status and students' academic performance.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study were the Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY:2017-2018. The researchers used the population of
respondents that consists of 25 students. 14 of them are male and the rest are female.

Sampling Procedure
The researchers used convenience sampling and only those Grade X Galileo students
who were present during the survey schedule were the respondents of the study.

Research Environment

10
 The research was conducted at Ditay National High School. It was located at
Purok Magsaysay, Ditay, Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay. The school had an area of 1
hectare. There were 17 Faculty Staff in the school, 210 Junior High School students
and 136 Senior High school students.

Research Instrument

The survey questionnaire served as the main data-gathering instrument of this

study. It composed of two parts.

Part I contains the parents' socioeconomic status of Grade X-Galileo students

of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018. It composed of parents' educational
attainment, occupation and annual income.

Part II was composed of the grades of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay

National High School SY:2017-2018 that represents their academic performance in the
second quarter of the school year. The survey instrument was sourced from Daniel
Yelkpieri (2016) therefore, pilot testing was undertaken.

Furthermore, academic performance was obtained from the class adviser of

Grade X Galileo students.

Data Collection Procedure

In conducting the survey, the researchers asked permission to the school head
where the survey was conducted for the guidance and assistance to have a better
outcome of the survey in the school.

11
 The researchers also asked permission to the class adviser of the respondents
to conduct a survey in the classroom and to gather the grades of the respondents during
the second quarter.

After the permission was granted, the researchers started conducting the survey
using the survey questionnaire.

Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics was used to calculate for each scale of the questionnaire.
Results for socioeconomic status of the parents of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY:2017-2018 were described using the following adjectival
rating: 81%-100% as very high, 61%-80% as high, 41%-60% as average, 21%-40% as
low, and 20% below as very low.

For the annual income of the parents, the following adjectival rating was used:
below Php 62, 000.00 as very low income, Php 62,000.00- Php191, 000.00 as low
income, Php 191,001.00-Php 603,000.00 as average income, Php 603, 001.00 - Php
1,857,000.00 as high income, and Php 1,857,001 as very high income.

Furthermore, the academic performance of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay

National High School SY:2017-2018 during the second quarter were described using
the following adjectival rating: 90 above as outstanding, 85-89 as very satisfactory, 80-
84 as satisfactory, 75-79 as fairly satisfactory, and below 74 as did not meet
expectation.

12
 Pearson Correlation was used to identify the relationship between parents'
socioeconomic status and academic performance of Grade X-Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY:2017-2018. The researchers used the following code for the
educational attainment of parents: (1) one for primary, (2) two for secondary, and (3)
three for tertiary. For the annual income of parents, the following code was used: (1)
one for very low income, (2) two for low income, (3) three for average income, (4) four
for high income, and (5) five for very high income.

The researchers manually calculated the data to answer research questions 1

& 2. Moreover, WPS Excel was used to find the Pearson Correlation between parents'
socioeconomic status and students' academic performance.

13
 Chapter IV

Results and Findings

This chapter presents the results in accordance with the sequence presented in
the statement of the problem.

Problem 1. What is the socioeconomic status of the parents of Grade X-Galileo

students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018?

The results of the socioeconomic status of the parents of Grade X-Galileo

students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018 was divided into three parts:

Part I. Parents' educational attainment

Part II. Parents' occupation
Part III. Parents' annual income

Part I. This part showed the educational attainment of the parents of Grade X-Galileo
students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018.

Educational Attainment Father Descriptive %

Equivalent
Primary 12 Average 48%
Secondary 9 Low 36%
Tertiary 4 Very Low 16%
Total 25 100%

Table 4.1. Distribution of Respondents' Father According to Educational Attainment

The table above showed the distribution of respondents' father according to

educational attainment. The data revealed that 48% which was average, respondents'

14
father studied primary education only. 36% which was low, respondents' father studied
until high school. 16% which was very low, respondents' father studied until college.

Educational Attainment Mother Descriptive %

Equivalent
Primary 5 Very Low 20%
Secondary 16 High 64%
Tertiary 4 Very Low 16%
Total 25 100%

Table 4.2. Distribution of Respondents' Mother According to Educational Attainment

The table above showed the distribution of respondents' mother according to

educational attainment. The data revealed that 20% which was very low, respondents'
mother studied primary education only. 64% which was high, respondents' mother
studied until high school. 16% which was very low, respondents' mother studied until
college.

Part II. This part showed the occupation of the parents of Grade X-Galileo students of
Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018.

15
Occupation Father Descriptive %
Equivalent
Farmer 20 High 80%
Carpenter 1 Very Low 4%
Driver 1 Very Low 4%
Welder 1 Very Low 4%
Deceased 2 Very Low 8%
Total 25 100%

Table 4.3 Distribution of Respondents' Father According to Occupation

The table above showed the distribution of respondents' father according to

occupation. The data revealed that 80% which was high, the respondents' father were
farmers. 4% which is very low, respondents' father was carpenter, driver and welder.
However, 8% which was very low, respondents' father are deceased.

Occupation Mother Descriptive %

Equivalent
Housewife 20 High 80%
Dressmaker 1 Very Low 4%
Teacher 1 Very Low 4%
OFW 3 Very Low 12%
Total 25 100%

Table 4.4 Distribution of Respondents' Mother According to Occupation

The table above showed the distribution of the respondents' mother according
to their occupation. The data revealed that 80% which was high, respondents' mother
are housewives. 4% which was very low, the respondents' mother were dressmaker
and teacher. 12% which was very low, the respondents' mother was Overseas Filipino
Workers(OFWs).
16
Part III. This part showed the annual income of the parents of Grade X-Galileo students
of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018.

Annual Income N Descriptive %

Equivalent
below Php 62,000.00 9 Low 36%
Php 62,001.00-Php 191,000.00 13 Average 52%
Php 191,001.00-Php 603,000.00 3 Very Low 12%
Php603,001.00-Php 1,857,000.00 0 Very Low 0%
Php 1,857,001.00-above 0 Very Low 0%
Total 25 100%

Table 4.5 Distribution of Parents According to Annual Income

The table above showed the distribution of parents of the respondents according
to their annual income. The data revealed that 36% which was low, parents had an
annual income of below Php 62,000.00 which belongs to low income groups. 52%
which was average, parents had an annual income of Php 62,001.00-Php 191,000.00
which belongs to low income groups. 12% which was very low, parents had an annual
income of Php 191,001.00-Php 603,000.00 which belongs to average income groups.
None of them belong to high and very high income group.

17
Problem 2. What is the academic performance of Grade X- Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY: 2017-2018 during the second quarter?

Average Grades n Descriptive %

Equivalent
below-74 0 Very Low 0%
75-79 6 Low 24%
80-84 8 Low 32%
85-89 6 Low 24%
90-above 5 Very Low 20%
Total 25 100

Table 4.6 Distribution of Respondents According to their Academic Performance

The table above showed the distribution of Grade X- Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY: 2017-2018 according to their average grade during the
second quarter. The data revealed that none of them got an average grade of 74-below
this means that none of them did not meet expectations. 24% which was low, students
got an average grade of 75-79 which was equal to fairly satisfactory grade. 32% which
was low, students got an average grade of 80-84 that was equal to satisfactory grade.
24% which was low, students got an average grade of 85-89 that was equal to very
satisfactory grade. 20% which was very low, the students got an average grade of 90
above that was equal to an outstanding grade.
Problem 3. Is there significant relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and
academic performance of Grade X- Galileo students of Ditay National High School
during the second quarter of SY:2017-2018, when parents' educational attainment and
annual income are combined?

18
 Academic Performance of Grade X- Galileo Students
(dependent variable)
Parents' Pearson Decision Interpretation
educational Correlation
attainment and
annual income 0.47 Accept Ha Moderately
(Independent Positive
Variable) Relationship

Table 4.7 Correlation Between Parents' Socioeconomic Status and Academic

Performance of Grade X-Galileo Students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-
2018
The table above showed the Pearson coefficient between parents' educational
attainment and annual income, and academic performance of Grade X- Galileo
students of Ditay National High School during the second quarter of SY:2017-2018 was
0.47. This means that there was moderately positive relationship between two variables.
Based on the results of this study, the alternative hypothesis which stated that
parents' educational attainment and annual income had significant relationship to their
students' academic performance was accepted. The results of this study imply that
parents' educational attainment and annual income was moderately related to the
academic performance of their children.

19
 Chapter V

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations

based on the results of the study.

Summary of Findings

This study answered the research question on the basis of the hypothesis that
there was significant relationship between parents' socioeconomic status and students'
academic performance of Grade X - Galileo students of Ditay National High School
SY:2017-2018.

The study found that 48% of the father of Grade X- Galileo students took primary
education only while 63% of their mother took secondary education. 80% of the
respondents’ father are farmers while 80% of their mother are housewives. The study
also found that 52% of their parents had an annual income of Php62,000.00-Php
191,000.00.

The study revealed that most of the Grade X - Galileo students of Ditay National
High School SY:2017-2018 got an average grade of 80-84.

The Pearson correlation between parents' educational attainment and annual

income; and students’ academic performance was 0.47.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this study the following conclusion were drawn.

20
 Most of the father of Grade X - Galileo student of Ditay National High School
SY:2017-2018 took primary education only while most of their mother took secondary
education. Most of their father are farmers while most of their mother are housewives.
The study also found that most of their parents belong to low income group.

The study also found that most of the Grade X - Galileo students of Ditay
National High School SY:2017-2018 got satisfactory grade.

Based on the results, there was moderately positive relationship between

parents' socioeconomic status and academic performance of Grade X - Galileo student
of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018.

Walpole (2003), also found similar result. In his study, he found that students
with low socioeconomic background worked more, study less and earn lower Grade
Point Average(GPA). While students with high socioeconomic background consider
investment in education which help them achieve higher level of educational attainment.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, these were several
recommendations to be considered:
1. Parents with low socioeconomic background should encourage their students to
focus on academic activities and find ways to support their students' education.

21
2. Parents with high socioeconomic background should monitor their students'
academic activities.

3. Students with different socioeconomic status should continue their studies and
find ways to improve academic performance like attending classes regularly and
get involved in academic activities.

4. Teachers should motivate students to continue their studies and encourage

them to get involved in academic activities.

5. School Administrators should find ways to help students with low socioeconomic
background.

6. Other researchers should conduct similar study to strengthen and verify the
results of the study.

22
References
Epstein, J.L. (2010). School/Family/Community Partnerships: Caring for the Children
We Share: When Schools Form Partnerships with Families and the
Community, the Children Benefit. These Guidelines for Building Partnership
Make it Happen. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(3),81. Retrieved on Jan. 11, 2018 from
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/003172171009200326
Hernandez, D. J. (2011). Double Jeopardy: How Third-Grade Reading Skills and
Poverty Influence High School Graduation. Retrieved on Jan. 10, 2018 from
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED518818.
Miner, G. & Winter-Miner,L.(2015). Practical Predictive Analysis and Decisioning
Systemsc for Medicines. Retrieved on Jan. 9, 2018 from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/socioeconomic-
status
Morgan, P. L., Farkas, G., Hillemeier, M. M., & Maczuga, S. (2009). Risk factors for
learning-related behavior problems at 24 months of age: Population-based
estimates. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 401-413.
doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9279-8. retrieved on Jan. 10, 2018 from
http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/education.aspx
Walpole, M. (2003). Socioeconomic status and college: How SES affects college
experiences and outcomes. The review of higher education, 27(1), 45-73.
Retrieved on Jan. 14, 2018 from
https://www.coursebb.com/2017/01/23/literature-review-impact-parents-
socioeconomic-status-students-academic-performance-graduation-rate-
college-high-school/
Yelkpieri, D. (2016). Socio-economic Status (SES) of Parents and Its Effects on
Students' Academic Achievements in the Awutu Senya and Effutu Educational
Directorates in the Central Region of Ghana.
Ziol-Guest, K.M., Duncan, G.J., & Kalil, A. (2015). One-parent students leave school
earlier: Education Next, 15(2). Retrieved on Jan. 11, 2018 from
http://educationnext.org/one-parent-students-leave-schools-earlier/

23
 APPENDIX A.1

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE X-

GALILEO STUDENTS OF DITAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SY:2017-2018

Survey Questionnaire

Name:_________________________

Directions: Please answer the questions honestly. Just put a check that corresponds to your
answer.

1. Father's level of education

[ ] Primary

[ ] Secondary

[ ] Tertiary

2. Mother's level of education

[ ] Primary

[ ] Secondary

[ ] Tertiary

3. Father's occupation

(Please specify________________________)

4. Mother's occupation

(Please specify________________________)

5. Parents' annual income

[ ]below Php 62,000.00

24
[ ]Php 62,001.00-Php 191,000.00

[ ]Php 191,001.00-Php 603,000.00

[ ]Php603,001.00-Php 1,857,000.00

[ ]Php 1,857,001.00-above

Adapted from Daniel Yelkpieri(2016)

25
 APPENDIX B.1

Permission Letter

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

DITAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

January 17, 2018

MRS. GENARA B. SAJULGA

School Head

Ditay, Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay

Ma'am:

Greetings!

We, the undersigned are Grade 12- Apple students of Ditay National High School, presently
conducting a study entitled "Socioeconomic Status of Parents and Academic Performance of
Grade X- Galileo Students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018"

In this regard, the undersigned request your approval to conduct the data collection at Grade
X-Galileo Classroom.

Respectfully yours,

WELMER F. DECOSTO

Researcher

ARIES A.GANTAWON

26
 APPENDIX B.2

Permission Letter

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

DITAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

January 17, 2018

MRS. PRESIOSA L. BUENDIA

Grade X- Galileo Class Adviser

Ditay, Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay

Ma'am:

Greetings!

We, the undersigned are Grade 12- Apple students of Ditay National High School, presently
conducting a study entitled "Socioeconomic Status of Parents and Academic Performance of
Grade X- Galileo Students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018"

In this regard, the undersigned request your approval to conduct the data collection at Grade
X-Galileo Classroom.

Respectfully yours,

WELMER F. DECOSTO

Researcher

ARIES A.GANTAWON

27
 APPENDIX B.2

Permission Letter

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

DITAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

January 17, 2018

Dear Respondents,

We, the undersigned are Grade 12- Apple students of Ditay National High School, presently
conducting a study entitled "Socioeconomic Status of Parents and Academic Performance of
Grade X- Galileo Students of Ditay National High School SY:2017-2018"

You are chosen as one of the respondents of this study. This study is aimed at collecting
informations on socioeconomic status of your parents that includes educational attainment,
occupation and annual income; and students' academic performance that refers to your
grades in 2nd quarter.

The data collected will be used solely for the purpose of the study. Kindly respond to the
questions as honest and accurate as possible. Rest assured that all of your responses will be
kept confidential.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

WELMER F. DECOSTO

Researcher

ARIES A.GANTAWON
28
29