St.

Francis Learning Center

COLUMBAN COLLEGE INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Barretto Campus, Bo. Barretto, Olongapo City

Improvement of the Mini Library

at St. Francis Learning Center

A Thesis Presented to the

Faculty of Engineering of Columban College Inc.

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the Research Project Subject
For the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Second Semester of A. Y. 2018-2019

A Thesis Presented To:

ENGR. JAN ALEXIS B. MONSALUD

(Adviser)

Submitted By:
(BS Civil Engineering V)

CONSTANTINO, ALYSSA
MANUEL, ADRIAN
SANCHEZ, RUSSEL
SAUSA, KIM ALOYSIUS
TIMTIM, MARY ANN
VIDUYA, PAULKERSEY

A.Y. 2018-2019
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© Copyright by 2019

All Rights Reserved

DEDICATION

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We dedicate this research project to God Almighty our creator, our strong

pillar, our source of wisdom, knowledge, inspiration, and understanding. He has

been the source of our strength throughout this project and under his wings will

be unable to soar.

We would like to dedicate this project to our parents, Mrs. Myra & Mr.

Lino Constantino, Mrs. Mariella & Mr. Dominador Manuel Jr., Mrs. Rosel& Mr.

Valentin Sanchez, Mrs. Marilyn & Mr. Roger Sausa, Mrs. Myranda & Mr. Allan

Timtim and Mrs. Evelyn & Mr. Willie Viduya, who encourage us all the way this

project and whose encouragement has made sure that we give it all we just have

to finish what we have started. To our siblings and loved ones, Amely & Adrian

Constantino, Alec Manuel, Kimberly, Valerie & Gretchen Sanchez, Rausche &

Schroeder Sausa, and Leveriza, Nerissa, Neil Andrew Magisa, Melvin Hocson,

John Melvin & Alma Mae Timtim, who have been affected in every way possible

throughout this quest.

Thank you. Our loves for you all are immeasurable. God Bless you.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His

showers of blessings throughout our research work to supplement the research

successfully.

We are extremely grateful to our parents, Mrs. Myra & Mr. Lino

Constantino, Mrs. Mariella & Mr. Dominador Manuel Jr., Mrs. Rosel& Mr.

Valentin Sanchez, Mrs. Marilyn & Mr. Roger Sausa, Mrs. Myranda & Mr. Allan

Timtim and Mrs. Evelyn & Mr. Willie Viduya, for their love, prayers, caring and

sacrifices for preparing and educating us for our future. We are equally thankful

to our siblings, loved ones and other family members for their undying support

and showing a keen interest for us to finish this research work.

We also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to the Nuns, SFIC

Sister Mary Francis Borje, SFIC Sister Junetta Jimenez & SFIC Sister Lilia

Garingan, of St. Francis Learning Center and its entire community for their

support and for giving us this opportunity to finish this thesis project.

Finally, thanks to all the people who supported and help us with this

project directly and indirectly.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TITLE PAGE 1

DEDICATION 3

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS 5

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES 7

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 8

1.1. INTRODUCTION 9

1.2. BACKGROUND OF STUDY 10

1.3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 11

1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY 12

1.5. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 14

1.6. RESEARCH LOCALE 15
1.7. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF STUDY 16
1.8. JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY 16
1.9. DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT 17

CHAPTER II:TERMS OF REFERENCES 19

1. INTRODUCTION

20
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 21

CHAPTER III: SYSTEMS OF RESEARCH/

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

(METHODOLOGY) 30

1. RESEARCH METHOD 31

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CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS 36

1. SITE INVENTORY

37

CHAPTER V: FINDING. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 52

1. FINDINGS

53
2. CONCLUSION 54
3. RECOMMENDATIONS

55

BIBLIOGRAPHY 46

APPENDIX 48

COMPUTATION 48

ESTIMATION OF THE ACTUAL PROJECT 57

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Page

Table 1: Estimate 48

Figure 1: Input-Process-Output Approach 14

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Figure 2: PERT-CPM 39

C
Figure 3-5: PROJECT DESIGN 40

Figure 6-9: ACTUAL PROJECT 57

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INTRODUCTION

1.1. INTRODUCTION

Education

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Under Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

shall be protected and promoted to all

citizens at all levels. Also, under number 4

of section 2 of the said article states that the

state shall encourage non- formal, informal

and indigenous learning systems as well as

https://www.globalsistersreport.org/news/ministry/franciscan-sisters’-school-expands-education-aeta-6286

self-learning, independent and out-of-school study programs particularly those

that respond to community needs.

Library

The library is given access to more journals and books. Depending to the ALA,

the Internet provides only 8% of all journals, and an even lower percentage of all

books are available. Libraries

catalog and organize all materials,

making research easy. Internet

search engines do not have access to

all Internet content, and the content

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/279293614365611923/?lp=true

available is not organized. Not all places that have an internet connection are

accurate to use.

1.2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

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ST. FRANCIS LEARNING CENTER

The Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception

(SFIC) started teaching reading and writing proficiency

classes in 1991 to indigenous people communities in the

mountain commonage in Subic town.

Once before, a leader of Aeta’s is enforced to finger mark on a deed and because

it is in English and he can’t understand English he didn’t know that it is a deed

of sale of the wedge of his people lanD. Partly because of this SFIC StR. Mary

Francis Borje decided to start teaching Aetas with basic literacy and showed

improvement in two months. They started with a small number of literacy

students until it increases that leads to the creation of St. Francis Learning

Center.

1.3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Goal

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The main goal of this project is to improve the mini library of St. Francis

Learning Center which is designed and constructed by Civil Engineering

students in a way that this will be beneficial to St. Francis Learning Center

community. A mini library that will be helping the studies of the younger

generation at St. Francis Learning Center.

Objectives
 To apply building principles in improving the mini library of St. Francis.
 To provide a supportive and stimulating environment for students and

staff.
 To be able to maximize the space of the mini library.
 To build a library rack and shelves with a lighter design compared to

concrete and more durable than wood in accordance with the condition of

the area.

1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers came into this study for the following reasons:

• The study is needed because a lot of students don’t have access to an

acceptable environment for learning.

• The study is very useful for small information.

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• The study will also provide the community better results from the built

project base on the results of an individual's intellect such as school

reports of students benefited from the project.

• The study shows the importance of the mini library.

Significance to the Community

• This study is significant to the community because the improvement of the

mini-library will help the students there to strive more in their studies because

they will find the mini library a very comforting place to study at and this will

also help as the proper storage of books for prolonged use.

Significance to the Economy

• This study is significant in the economy because it offers innovative learning to

cultivate the economy of the community.

Significance to the Students

• This study is significant to the students because this study will not only help

the community but it will also help researchers gain more knowledge and

experience about their field of studies.

Significance to the Profession of Civil Engineering

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• This study is significant to the profession as Civil Engineers because this will

help future engineers gain experience and practice which they can apply and

contribute in their field of study

 Improvement
of
Community
 Conducive
Mini Library
 Spacious
Mini Library
 Helpful mini
library.

1.5. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Surveying of project area

 The research paradigm that guided this study is shown in Figure 1. It follows the
Conceptualization

Data gathering
of ProjectINPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Design approach.

 Estimation of cost Construction of Project Design

PROCESS
INPUT
and quantity of
Canvass of materials OUTPUT
materials to be
Clearing of Site
used. Construction of canopy
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Construction of library shelve
Painting of canopy, libraries shelve
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Conceptual Diagram
Fig. 1.1

The Paradigm of the Study

As showed in Figure 1.1 the Project design should be conceptualized first,

the problems to be solved and the solutions to be applied, and then the cost and

quantity of the material to be used should be estimated.

The process will be segregated into seven parts. First is the surveying of the

project area to know the condition of the site. Data will be gathering through

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researching and surveying and then the materials should be canvass. The site

should be cleared before the implementation of the project.

Lastly, the output will be the product of the project constructed. A more

conducive mini library that will help to improve the learning environment of the

younger generation in St. Francis Learning Center.

1.6. RESEARCH LOCALE

The research will take place at St. Francis Learning Center, Mangan Vaca, Subic.

The respondents will be asked in the school; the researchers will interview

students and teachers so the researchers will have the information needed for the

effectiveness of the project. The study will be undertaken in the second semester

of the academic year 2018-2019.

1.7. SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The scope of this thesis book is the improvement of the current mini library at St.

Francis Learning. This library will be conducive and more helpful to the

community, especially elementary students.

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The scope of the project will extend to the construction of a canopy to withstand

the rainy season, and also changing the existing wood bookshelf to steel frame

bookshelf for better durability.

1.8. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

The Mini Library of the St. Francis Learning Center is currently not

advantageous to the community. The structure is in need of improvement that

could withstand weather conditions such as rain and environmental pest such as

termites.

1.9. DEFINITION OF TERMS AND CONCEPT

Angle Bar Steel-an iron or a steel structural bar that has an L-shaped cross

section

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Blind Rivet-are installed in a tight hole that passes through the materials being

riveted

Bolts- are closely linked to screws.

Canopy- a construction on top of which a metal casing is attached. It is in a

position to bestow protection from an atmospheric condition such as rain.

Cement- is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and

adheres to other materials to bind them together.

Cutting Disc- is a specialized, often hand-held, power tool used for cutting hard

materials.

C-Purlins- is any longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof except a

type of framing with what is called a crown plate.

Drill –to cut a hole of circular cross-section

Enamel-an opaque or semitransparent glassy substance applied to metallic or

other solid surfaces for ornament or as a protective coating.

G.I. sheet- housing a sheet of corrugated iron, covered with a protective coating

of zinc.

Gravel- is a loose aggregation of rock fragments.

Grinder – for the cutting of angle and plate bar.

Latex Paint- Latex-based paint refers to a generic term used to classify water-

based coating emulsion that is produced with synthetic acrylic binders. They are

used as protective coating layers on metal substrates to add corrosion

prevention.

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Marine Plywood-a material manufactured from thin layers or "piles" of wood

C
veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain

rotated up to 90 degrees to one another

Paintbrush – For the application of paint/varnish

H Plate bar- support of housing

Sand- is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral

A
particles.

Thinner- a solvent, such as turpentine, added to paint or varnish to dilute it,

reduce its opacity or viscosity, or increase its penetration into the ground.

P
Varnish- preserves and protects the wood from scratches

Welding machine- for connections

Welding Rod- a rod or heavy wire that melts and thus supplies metal infusion

T welding

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TERMS OF
REFERENCES

2. INTRODUCTION

Steel is the prominent materials used nowadays as compared to wood.

Wood may be cheaper in price but steel offers more benefit in the long run.

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When it comes to convenience the steel is lighter than wood, according to Thumb

and Hummer, and takes half the space that makes it more convenient for

transportation and storage. As steel is lighter it is easier to handle when it comes

to installation since steel can be attached using screws and studs

Wood is prone to twisting and wicks moisture which can lead to mold and rot

while steel is immune to it but steel is subjected to rusting so install a vapor

barrier in between the base plated and floor.

The strength and durability of a steel frame and connection are ideal for

construction in high-wind and seismic zone. Wood construction can be severely

damaged by a carpenter ant and termites but stay clear from metal.

Wood construction may be cheaper in price by three to fifteen percent than steel,

according to Steel Framing Alliance calculations, but not on the long run because

steel doesn't shrink, split or wrap so there are no nail pops or drywall cracks to

fix after the structure is completed.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Welded Connections of High-Strength Steels for The Building Industry

This article is written by four partners namely Hans-Peter GÜnther, Jörg

Hildebrand, Christina Rasche, Versch Christian, Idna Wudtke, Ulrike Kuhlmann,

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Michael Vormwald and Frank Werner. It focuses on the development of the steel

structure. This article aims to give the readers some knowledge and ideas about

the strength of steel and characteristics of welding.

The article helps the researcher in determining the necessary information

relevant to the proposal including those unique needs regarding steel structure

and welded connections. This dispenses the outcome of a research project which

explores the strength and ductility of fillet welded connection of steel with high

strength.

According to the article, on the progress of steel structures focusses at a

light and lean constructions that led to the developing of high-strength steel with

quality welding attributes of the steel industry. The loads that have been

transported in the welded connection will increase when the strength of the steel

increased. It is common to use fillet and partial penetration connection when

constructing establishment. It will bring a notable reduction in terms of material

expenditure, weight, manufacturing and conveying costs when utilizing high-

strength steel. Excluding the notable reduction, the depletion of weld thickness

also gives advantages in outcome from the smaller construction load and speedy

manufacturing.

Consider metal canopy for your metal building

This article centers on the metal canopy. It aims to provide necessary

information regarding the use of the metal canopy. Depending on the article, a

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metal canopy will last for decades providing a cost-effective covered space.

Canopies provide shelter from the sun and rain. Like in the Philippines, shelter

from the sun is a necessity, a tranquil area to wait or stand is a breather from the

blazing summer sun because it minimizes the heat and light from the sun. Metal

canopies are easy to install and are customizable that's why it can be

incorporated in a building's structural design. The use of canopies also enhances

the appearance of a structure. canopies made of steel are durable, stable and

long-lasting. They come in a variety of styles and profiles from flat to slope to

curve. Also, steel canopies require little maintenance to preserve their usefulness

and look.

The mini library

This article focuses on the aims and objectives of constructing a mini

library. This article helps researchers understand the need of the person who will

be using the mini library. And as a result, the researchers are able to provide a

better mini library. According to this article, creating a mini library provides a

supportive and stimulating environment for students. It encourages students to

their full potentials as independent learners and develops a positive attitude. It

also fosters the enjoyment of reading as a recreational activity. This also provides

resources to support and enhance the recreational interests of students. In

addition to that, it also provides opportunities for the students to develop the

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knowledge and skills necessary to access library resources. And awareness in

students of the importance of books is also developed.

Structural Design of Isolated column footing

This article centers on the design of the footing. Its purpose is to give the

readers aware of the critical structural element in a building. This article helps

the researchers to have broader knowledge in designing a foundation.

Depending on the article, there are two main categories of a foundation, which

includes shallow and deep foundations. The shallow foundation consists of

isolated column footing, combined footings and reinforced. The design of

isolated column footings is completed through the implementation of

geotechnical and structural analysis concept. Because of that, input research into

the isolated column footings comes from two separate disciplines, geotechnical

and structural. Also, experimental research on isolated column footings is

insufficient, due to the difficulties involved in the setup of the laboratory models

and the cost of experiments. The main objective of the present work was

correlated between the predicted structural failure loads of isolated column

footings, through the implementation of a code provision, and the measured

failure of loads is documented.

Truss

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This article concentrates on the structural analysis design of a truss. This

article helps the researchers are aware of the aspects of the design of the truss.

Depending on the article, the design of trusses provision is usually made for the

application of external loads to the joints. During the computation of the stress to

consider, only the longitudinal axial forces in the traverse sections of the bars, the

assumptions of hinged connection of joints and application of loads at the joints

makes it possible to make the most efficient use of the material. The forces in the

bars of statically determinate, single plane trusses are determined from the

equations if statics. Statically indeterminate trusses are analyzed by means of the

equation if the force method, in which the coefficients of the unknown quantities

are determined by considering only the effect of normal forces on elements of the

truss.

Assembly Handbook: blind riveting

This article discusses the installation and purpose of a blind rivet. And it

aims to give basic information to the researchers that will enable them to

understand the features of blind rivets. Depending on the article, Blind rivets are

available in a wide variety of materials, diameters, grip ranges, and head styles.

Before selecting a blind rivet, there are numerous factors to be considered such as

joint strength, joint thickness, materials, hole size, and head style. The single-joint

tensile and shear values required for the application and the total thickness of the

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materials to be done joined must be determined. This reveals the required grip of

the rivet to select.

Design and fabrication of portable book rack.

This article focuses on book racks that provide the needs of the consumer.

Its intention is to develop a user-friendly product that is ergonomic. This article

helps researchers design and creates a book rack that will be suitable for those

who will be using it. Since book racks have different types and variety, this

article helps the researchers what material to use that will be very useful to the

users. This gives the result of a research project in its precise needs. According to

the article, the process of development of a book rack is made from designing the

shape and thinking the function too. It also involves processing of measuring the

materials before cutting and combining together.

Shallow foundation

This article centers on shallow foundations. It provides the readers with

essential information that will give them a better understanding. This article

provides assistance to the readers in designing a shallow footing. Depending on

this article, shallow foundations, or often called footings, are usually embedded

in the soil for about a meter or more. One common type of footing is called

spread footing and the other called slab-on-grade foundation. Spread footing

consists of strips or pads of concrete which extends below the frost line and

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transfers the weight from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock. In Slab-on-

grade foundation, the weight of the building is transferred to the soil through a

concrete slab placed on the surface.

Design and Fabrication of Portable Book

According to Muhamad Harif Bin Ghani, The process of development is

initiated from designing the shape of the book rack by considering the function

as well. In order to produce a user-friendly product that is suitable to the

consumer, consideration to the ergonomic factor is taken into account. It involves

the measurement process before the materials are reduced into pieces before

joined together.

A book rack is a tool that can help a person do their labor without

carrying a heavy load since it enables people to place their items in it. There are

different types Book Rack such as Buddy Products Two-Tier Recycled Steel Book

Rack without Dividers Black, Carver Wood Products Wood Book Rack,

Contemporary Leaning Cappuccino Finish Wood Rack Shelf Bookcase and Big

Book Rack BRIO with rudimentary parts as wheel and body. The method joining

of Welding Process is basic theory of metal inert gas(MIG) welding where “An

arc is struck between a consumable electrode and the sheet metal to be welded."

And Welding Gun and Wire Feed Unit. Use of bolts, nuts and a variety of other

fasteners are the most common method of mechanical fastening.

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LYP White Series: Library Stacks and Shelving

According to Estey Tennsco, There are as many varieties of library stacks

and shelving as there are materials that sit on the shelves. Since book stacks can

occupy over 50% of a library's space, careful planning for shelving can be a big

part of a library building project. Bookstacks are available that are single-faced or

double-faced, high or low, deep or shallow, and cantilever-style or case-style.

Components and accessories include end panels, canopy tops, sloped shelves,

slotted divider shelves, display shelves, and retractable index shelves. The parts

and pieces required for installation include bolts, bases, gussets, and struts.

Unraveling the details of stack planning can be a complicated and time-

consuming task, but this is an area where the librarians will want to be involved

in the decision-making. Library planners are cautioned to make their lists (and

check it twice) to avoid the possibility of opening a library without enough

shelving.

Steel Rack Connections: Identification of Most Influential Factors and a

Comparison of Stiffness Design Methods

According to S.N.R. Shah, N.H. Ramli Sulong, Mahdu Shariata, and M.Z.

Jumaat steel pallet rack (SPR) beam-to-column connection (BCCs) are largely

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responsible to avoid the sway failure of frames in the down-aisle direction. The

overall geometry of beam end connectors commercially used in SPR BCCs is

different and does not allow a generalized analytic approach for all types of

beam end connectors; however, identifying the effects of the configuration,

profile and sizes of the connection components could be the suitable approach

for the practical design engineers in order to predict the generalized behavior of

any SPR BCC. This paper describes the experimental behavior of SPR BCCs

tested using a double cantilever test set-up. Eight sets of specimens were

identified based on the variation in column thickness, beam depth and number

of tabs in the beam and connector in order to investigate the most influential

factors affecting the connection performance. Four tests were repeatedly

performed for each adjusts by bringing uniformity to the results taking the total

number of tests to thirty-two. The moment-rotation (M-θ) behavior, load-strain

relationship, major failure modes and the influence of selected parameters on

connection performance were investigated. A comparative study to calculate the

connection stiffness was carried out using the initial stiffness method, the slope

to half-ultimate moment method and the equal area method. In order to find out

the more appropriate method, the mean stiffness of all the tested connection and

the variance in values of mean stiffness according to all three methods was

calculated. The calculation of connection stiffness by means of the initial stiffness

method is deemed to overestimate the values when compared to the other two

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methods. The equal area method provided more consistent values of stiffness

C
and the lowest variance in the data set as compared to the other two methods.

Color Theory in Kids Terms

H
This article concentrates on the effect of warm and cool colors in design

for children. It helps the proponent about their design. Warm colors such as

yellow are analogous to heat and emotional excitement while the cool colors

A
such as blue and green are connected to feelings such as sadness, calm &

comfort. Together they create a good harmony for students to have an effective

learning environment.

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SYSTEMS OF
RESEARCH/ DATA
GATHERING
PROCEDURES
(METHODOLOGY)

3.

4. RESEARCH METHOD

After deciding the thesis proposal, the researcher followed the following

methods of research.

A. Identifying the problem.

B. Information/Data gathering.

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C. Analyzing data.

D. Working out solutions.

E. Justify solutions.

F. Application.

A. IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM. Identifying all the problems that concern

the chosen project proposal. An example of the major problem is the entry of the

rain through the Mini-Library. The proponent needs to identify all the reasons

behind the entry of the rain through the Mini-Library.

B. INFORMATION/DATA GATHERING. Once the problems are identified,

that is the time wherein the researcher started to collect all the necessary data

and information that are necessary for the study. The following schemes are used

in data gathering:

• Library resources. A thesis proposal is related to the study that was

created by an engineering student before is an effective source of

information that had helped to have an initial understanding of the

problems that the researcher might encounter throughout the process.

• Internet. Modern technology is an advantage for the students nowadays

because it is a big help for research to be undertaken easier. The internet

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has been a very useful source of information for the researcher in different

manners.

• Visitation. Visiting the existing mini library in order to have an actual idea

of how the project is working. The researcher had the opportunity to go

around the existing mini library in St. Francis Learning Center and proved

that there is really a problem existing. Actually seeing is a lot better than

any two-dimensional pieces of paper anyway. The proponent had an

actual insight into the existing situation of the environment around the

proposed site.

• Interviews. Interviews are made to the people involved with the St.

Francis Learning Center, Mangan Vaca, Subic, Olongapo City.

• Newspapers, magazines. Reading articles about the problems and other

related matters.

C. ANALYZING DATA. After gathering the necessary data, the researcher

started analyzing.

D. WORKING OUT SOLUTIONS. After analyzing the data and information

gathered, the researcher came up with a different solution that is applicable to

the study. Since the entry of rain in the Mini-Library is the main concern of the

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study, it is very much necessary to extend the capacity of the existing structure.

But then another problem is present, the location of the existing is subjected to

termites, therefore, the book shelve is needed to be replaced with a better shelve.

And the solution is developed, to propose an improved Mini library that can

accommodate the students for a conducive study environment.

E. JUSTIFYING SOLUTIONS. In order to ensure that the solution is effective, it

is needed to be justified.

• DESIGN. To build a project for the different structures, the design should

go to theoretical computations to identify the appropriate and the most

economical materials and must define the standard consideration design

and seismic mitigation consideration affecting the canopy. Theoretical

computations should be transparent with the existing codes from the

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) and designed as

architectural components per (ASCE) to avoid conflicts in design.

Theoretical designs may vary with the actual design based on different

factors including the availability of materials.

• ESTIMATE. After designing the proposed improvement of the mini

library is the cost and quantity estimate. The proponent designed an

economical and durable canopy and library shelve.

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F.APPLICATION. Once the solution is justified; the proposal then can be

applied.

• MATERIALS GATHERING. Several materials were necessary for the

construction of the said project. They were established and funded by the

researches. Members were assigned to make the inquiries from different

hardware stores for the purpose of identifying price ranges and quality

materials to be used for the construction. Guided by the information

gathered and the integration of learning the researchers were able to

minimize the project expenses while keeping in mind the quality of the

project.

PROJECT MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT

A. Welding

B. Welding rod

C. Paintbrush

D. Plywood

E. Enamel

F. Latex Paint

G. Flat Bar Steel

H. Angle Bar Steel

I. Plate bar

J. Cutting Disc

K. Varnish

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L. G.I. sheet

C
M. Drill

N. Grinder

O.

H Welding machine

A
• CONSTRUCTION. Construction of the project was conducted by the

researches starting from the designing of bookshelves/racks all the way

up to the finishing of the Mini library room. Throughout the construction,

P
the researchers follow systematically the step by step procedures and

investigation.

T
E
R DATA
PRESENTATION
AND ANALYSIS
IV 35

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SITE INVENTORY

A. GROSS SITE SELECTION

Iba, Zambales

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Zambales is on the west coast of the island of Luzon in the West Philippine Sea.

The primary resident of the province of Zambales today is the Aetas of Mount

Pinatubo. They were then replaced later on by the Sambal, an Austronesian

people, whom the name of the province came. According to the 2015 census,

Zambales have 590,848 people were in the 1.8% are ethnic groups or the Aetas .

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The municipality of Subic, Zambales

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The Municipality of Subic is the

first district in the province of

Zambales, Philippines. It can be

found in the northern coastal

region of Subic Bay.

PERT-CPM

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PROJECT DESIGN

 PROPOSED PROJECT DESIGN

FRONT
ELEVATION

Figure 3

PERSPECTIVE

Figure 4

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PROPOSED STEEL
LIBRARY RACK

 ACTUAL PROJECT
Figure 5

DESIGN

Figure 6

Figure 7

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C BEFORE

H Wood
Rack

A Figure 8
AFTER Steel Rack

Figure 9

P
T
E FINDINGS,
RCONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATION

IV 42

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FINDINGS

A library's purpose is to give a supple area with a broad and

comprehensive scope of resources that will be helpful as a support to the studies

of the student. It is considered as a salient source of knowledge for young minds.

There are many students who love to read books but can't afford one because of

the high stake price that make it unattainable for indigenous students.

Maintaining a library is a challenging task for people that don't have knowledge

about it. What makes it harder is the cost that comes with it, especially in an

institution like St. Francis Learning Center who relies on the contribution from

good-hearted people

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CONCLUSION

This project is helpful to the studies of students. The St. Francis Learning

Center's main library is so brimful that makes space not enough for students to

gather knowledge. It is filled to the brim that the only space available for them to

study is the space on the floor between the massive bookshelves.

The mini library of St. Francis Learning Center is not useful particularly on rainy

days because of the entry of the rain through the open space and damps the

books that make the books not useful for the students. An additional thing is the

penetration of termites that destroy the books

Installing canopy on two sides of the mini-library will be beneficial to the

students because it can intercept the entry of rain thus stop the damping of the

books and changing the wood book shelve to steel will help to prolong the life of

book because steel doesn't attract termites.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Proponents recommend to the future researcher of this project to always

consider the new trends in designing a mini library and focus on the factors that

might affect the project in the near future. Consider its effects to the community,

to nature and to the broader scope.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Muhamad Harif Bin Ghani(2007).”Design and Fabrication of Portable Book”.

Joe Sainz.”The Benefits of Metal Studs – 6 Reasons for Choosing Steel Over

Wood”.

EsteyTennsco.”LYP White Series: Library Stacks and Shelving”.

Building Seismic Safety Council for the Federal Emergency Management

Agency(FEMA 46-0.2004)”Seismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks located

in areas accessible to the public”.

S.N.R. Shah, N.H. Ramli Sulong, MahduShariata, and M.Z. Jumaat(October

2005)."Steel Rack Connections: Identification of Most Influential Factors and a

Comparison of Stiffness Design Methods”. Retrieved from

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0139422

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Godley, M.H.R., Storage Racking, chapter 11 of Design of Cold-Formed Steel

Members, Rhodes ed.1-399, 991.

Frye John M, Glenn, Morris A. Analysis of flexibility connected steel frame.

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 1975;2:280–91.

AISC (2005a), AISC 341-05, Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings,

Including Supplement No. 1, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago,

IL.

A. Kozłowski, L. Ślęczka, A. Wojnar, On estimation of strength and

stiffness capacity of steel storage pallet racks. KonstrukcjeStalowe, z.4,

s.26-29, 2005, (inPolish).

Journal of Constructional Steel Research 61 (2005) 1135–1146

Office of Naval Research, 800 N. Quincy Street Arlington, VA 22217-5000 (May

1997)

LINK:HTTPS://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/PII/S111

0016816301545

BY: FATHIABDRABBO, ZAKII.MAHMOUD, MARIANAEBRAHIM

LINK: HTTPS://ENCYCLOPEDIA2.THEFREEDICTIONARY.COM/TRUSS

BY: L. V. KASAB’IAN

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03321353

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By: Hans-Peter GÜnther, JörgHildebran, Christina Rasche, Versch Christian,

IdnaWudtke, Ulrike Kuhlmann, Michael Vormwald, Frank Werner

Link: https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/84047-assembly-handbook-

blind-riveting

By: Austin Weber

Sarah Lipoff.“Color Theory for Kids”.

APPENDIX

COMPUTATIONS

 C-Purlins

Purlins Distance= 0.43

Truss Distance= 2.4 m

 WIND LOAD

Wind Load= 250kph

Wind Directionality Factor (section 207 A.6-1) kd = 0.85

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient kz = 0.83

Roof Height =3.4 m

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Wind Load = (0.613 kPa)(kz)(kz t )(kd)(v²)

= (0.613)(0.83)(0.62)(1)(0.85)(69.44)²

= 409 N/m

 DEAD LOAD

USING LC 75x38x15x2.0

Purlins = 25.31 N/m

GI Sheet = 27 N/m

= 52.31 N/m

Total Dead Load = (52.31)( 0.45)

= 22.4935 N/m

≈ 22.5 N/m

Wт = 431.6 (0.45/1.3)

Wт = 149.4 N/m

Wи = 431.6 (1.2/1.3)

Wи = 398.4 N/m

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 STRESSES DUE TO Wи

Mи = Wи ℓ ² = (398.4)(2.4)²

8 8

Mи =286.8 N-m

Fи = Mи

Sx

Fи1 = Fи2 = Fи3 = Fи4 = 286.8 N-m

7.5

= -38.24 MPa

 STRESSES DUE TO Wт

Mт = Wт ℓ ² = (149.4)(2.4)²

8 8

Mт = 107.57 N-m

Fт = Mт

Iy

Fт1 = (107.57)(23.9) = 38.38 MPa

67

Fт2 = (107.57)(14.1) = -22.64 MPa

67

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Fт3 = (107.57)(23.9) = 38.38 MPa

67

Fт4 = (107.57)(14.1) = -22.64 MPa

67

 COMBINED STRESSES

F1 = -38.2 – 38.38 = -76.58 MPa

F2 = -38.24 + 22.64= -15.6 MPa

F3 = 38.24 – 38.38 = -0.14 MPa

F4 = 38.24 + 22.64 = 60.88 MPa

USING LC 75x38x15x2.0

Ix = 282 mm Mn = 286.8 N-m

Sx = 7.5 mm³ Mt = 107.57 N-m

Sy = 2.8 mm³

CHECK FOR BENDING

0.287 + 0.108 = 0.075 < 1 Safe!!

7.5 2.8

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

Allowable= 2400 = 13.3

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180

 Truss

 DEAD LOAD

L40x40x5 =(2.97)(9.81) = 29.14 N/m

LC75x38x15x2.0 =(3.14)(9.81)

= 30.8 N/m

GI Sheet =(27 N/m²)

(0.43) =11.61 N/m

 WIND LOAD

1,030.7 Pa (0.;43) = 409 N/m

1,030.7 Pa (0.215) = 221.6 N/m

(30.8 + 5.8 +221.6)(1.8) = 463.5

Section A-A (Right Side)
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812.5
AC [ ΣM @ C ]
C 463.5
(C)(BD)(0.225) =[ (463.5) (0.225/0.64) (0.6)
BC
+ [ (463.5) (0.6/0.64)
BD E
(0.225) ]

BD = 869.1 N (Compression)
A 812.5
[ ΣMD = 0 ]

C
`-[ (812.5) (0.6/0.64) (0.225) ] + 463.5 (0.225/0.64) (0.6)
463.5
B 0.64
– BC (0.6/0.64) (0.225) – AC (0.6/0.64) (0.225)
0.225 0.6

BD
D E BC = AC therefore AC is tension and BC is compression

BC (27/128) = 97.77 – 177.28

BC = 79.51 (Compression)

AC = 79.51 (Tension)

@ JOINT C ΣFh = 0
79.51
C 79.51 (0.6/0.64) – 79.51 (0.6/0.64) -761.72 + CE

CE = 761.72
E
79.5
D ΣFv = 0

[ (2)(79.51)(0.225/0.64)] – 285.65 – 761.72 + CE

DC = 497.54 (Compression)

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@ JOINT E
C 463.5
761.72
ΣFh = 0

D
-761.72 (0.6/0.64) + 463.5 (0.6/0.64) + DE E

DE = 1148.64

Try 40x40x5

E= 200,000 Fy= 207

A= 480 mm² Fb= 0.6 Fy= 124.2

 BOTTOM CHORD

Pallowable = Fb A = 59.616 kN

Pactual = 1.1kN

Pallowable > Pactual Safe!!

 TOP CHORD

Cc = √(2² E) / Fy

Cc = √[2² (20000)] / 207

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Cc = 138

KL = (1) (2400) = 200

r 11.97
KL > Cc
r
Fe = ² E = 49.34 MPa < 207 MPa

(L/r)²

Using Factor Safety = 2.5

Pe = Fe A

Pe = (49.34) (400) = 23.68 kN

P = Pe = 23.68 = 9.5 kN

F.S 2.5

Pactual = 0.761 kN

P < Pactual Safe!!

 TRUSS MEMBERS

Pallowable = Fb A

Pallowable = (124.2) (480) = 59.6 kN

Pactual = 0.8 kN

Pallowable > Pactual Safe!!

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 Column Footing

A = 350mm x 350mm

d = 400mm

Effective Depth = 350mm

GI Sheet = 27 N/m² x 1.3m x 3m = 105.3

Angle Bar= 29.14 N/m x 9m = 262.26

Purlins = 30.8 N/m x 9m = 277.2

GI Pipe = (16.07 kg/m x 9.81) x 6 = 945.9

= 1590.66/2

Pu = 795.33

Area = 122,500 mm²

Stress = Pu / Area = 0.65 N/mm²

 CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR FAILURE

bo = 350mm

Applied Shear Load from bo

Vu = Pu – Stress x (b + d)²

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Vu = 2389 N

Factored Shear Force = Vu (θ bo d)

= 2389 / (0.85 x 35 x 35)

Factored Shear Force = 2.29 N/mm²

Nominal Two-way Shear of concrete =Vc = 1.06√F’c

Vc = 4.86 N/mm²

Factored Shear Force < Nominal Two-way Shear of concrete Safe!!

ESTIMATION OF THE ACTUAL PROJECT

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Table-1
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