VOLLEYBALL

History

 On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education
director, created a new game called “mintonette” as a pastime to be played preferably indoors and by any
number of players.
 Alfred Halstead noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the
International YMCA, Training School, the game quickly became known as volleyball. He proposed that the
name “mintonette” be replaced by “Volley Ball” and this name was accepted by Morgan.
 1900 – Official volleyball was designed.
 1910 - Elwood Brown, the director of YMCA Manila introduced the game to the Filipino people.
 1916 - The set and the spike were introduced in the Philippines.
 1919 - About 16,000 balls were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces to their troops and
allies, which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries.
 1920 – Three hits per side and back rpw attack rules were instituted.
 1924 - Volleyball was played as part of an American sports demonstration during the Summer Olympics in
Paris.
 1928 - The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now called USA Volleyball) was formed.
 1947 – The Federation Internationale de Volleyball was founded in Paris.
 1949 – The first World Championships for men were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.
 1964 - Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
 1969 - The executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.
 1983 - The Association of Volleyball Professionals was formed.
 1987 – The FIVB added a beach Volleyball World Championship Series.
 1990 – World league was created.

Playing Area

1 8

2
7

3
6

11 4 5

Team Bench Team Bench

9
1. Free Zone 6. Center Line
2. Attack Line 7. End Line
3. Front Zone 8. Sideline
10
4. Back Zone 9. Scorer’s Table
5. Substitution Zone 10. Warm-Up Area
11. Service Zone
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Dimensions

 The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18x9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3 m
wide on all sides.
 The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any obstruction. The free
playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m in height from the playing surface.

Lines on the Court

- All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light color which is different from the color of the floor and
from any other line.
 Boundary Line – Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing court.
 Center Line – The axis of the center line divides the playing court into two equal courts.
 Attack Line – On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back from the axis of the center
line, marks the front zone.

Zones and Areas

 Front Zone – On each court of the front zone is limited by the axis of the center line and the rear edge of
the attack line.
 Service Zone – The service zone is a 9 m wide area behind each line.
 Substitution Zone – Limited by the extension of both attack lines up to the scorer’s table.
 Warm-Up Area – Sized approximately 3 x 3 m located in both of the bench-side corners, outside the free
zone.

EQUIPMENT
 Net
- Placed vertically over the center line there is a net whose top is set at te height of 2.43 m for men and
2.24 m for women.
- The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 meters long, made o 10 cm square mesh.
 Antenna
- An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of fiberglass or similar material.
 Posts
- The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50-1 meter outside the sidelines.
- They are 2.55 meter high and preferably adjustable.
 Balls
- Shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather.
- Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weights is 260-280 grams.

TERMINOLOGIES

 Ace - Serve that result directly in a point.

 Block - Defensive play by one or more players used to intercept a spiked ball in an attempt to rebound it
back into the opponent’s court.
 Bump - Forearm pass.
 Dig – Passing a spiked or powerfully hit ball.
 Foul – Violation of the rules.
 Game Point – Last point in a game.
 Out of Bounds – When a ball lands completely outside of the boundary lines.
 Rotation – Clockwise movement of players prior to the new serving term of a team.
 Serve – Skill used by player in back-right position to put ball into play.
 Side Out – When serving team fails to win the point or makes an illegal play.
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BASIC RULES AND REGULATIONS

Basic Volleyball Rules for Playing the Game

 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row
 Maximum of three hits per side
 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve
 A ball hitting a boundary line is in
 A ball is out if it hits:
an antennae,
the floor completely outside the court,
any of the net or cables outside the antennae,
the referee stand or pole,
the ceiling above a non-playable area
 It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body
 It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
 If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play and either player involved
may make the next contact (provided the next contact isn’t the teams 4th hit)
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line
 After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
 At higher competition, the officiating crew may be made up of two refs, line judges, scorer, and an assistant
scorer

Basic Volleyball Rules Violations

The following are some basic volleyball rules for violations.
The result of a violation is a point for the opponent.
 When serving, stepping on or across the service line as you make contact with the serve
 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully
 Contacting the ball illegally (lifting, carrying, throwing, etc.)
 Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. Exception: If the ball is driven into the
net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball
shall continue to be in play.
 When blocking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball when reaching over the net is a
violation if both:
1) your opponent hasn’t used 3 contacts AND
2) they have a player there to make a play on the ball
 When attacking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball when reaching over the net is
a violation if the ball hasn’t yet broken the vertical plane of the net.
 Crossing the court center line with any part of your body. Exception: if it’s the hand or foot, the entire
hand or entire foot must cross for it to be a violation.
 Serving out of order.
 Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from their opponent), when at the moment of contact
the back row player is near the net and has part of his/her body above the top of the net (an illegal block).
 Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone ( the area inside the 10 foot line), when at the
moment of contact the ball is completely above the net (an illegal attack).

Fundamental skills in playing

 Passing
- Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s been served or hit over the net by
the opposing team. It’s commonly thought of as the most important skill in all of volleyball, because your
team can’t return the ball without a solid volleyball pass. Forearm volleyball passes are often used to direct
the ball in a controlled manner to a teammate, but overhead passing is another option.
 Setting
- The setter has the most important position on the team, and is often the team leader for this reason. It’s
their job to make it easy for a teammate to get the ball over the volleyball net, preferably with a spike that
the other team can’t return. The setting motion gets the ball hanging in the air, ready to be spiked by
another teammate with force.
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 Spiking
- A real crowd-pleaser, spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a downward motion across the volleyball
net to the other team’s side of the court. When done well, spiking is very difficult to return, which is why it’s
an essential skill. A proper spike will help accumulate points quickly.
 Blocking
- Blocking is another important skill, although it’s probably the most expendable of the fundamentals. Still,
it adds a great dimension to the game, keeping the other team on their toes, so to speak. By timing it right,
you can jump up and deflect or block the opponent’s attack before it even crosses the volleyball net, which
can take them by surprise and give your team an easy point.
 Digging
- Digging is a defensive maneuver in volleyball that can save your team from an offensive spike or attack.
Your job is to keep the ball from hitting the floor, and you do that by diving and passing the ball in a fluid
motion. Unlike a typical pass, you’ll probably be trying to recover the ball from a steep downward
trajectory. This is another great skill to have, but isn’t as important as passing, setting, or spiking.
 Serving
- Our final fundamental skills is serving. How can you be a great volleyball player without knowing how to
serve? There are a variety of ways to serve, but you’ll most often see the underhand or overhand serves.
- For an underhand serve, if you’re right-handed, hold the ball in your left hand while the right hand makes a
fist with the thumb on top. Make contact with the underside of the ball to send it over the net.
- For an overhand serve (which is more advanced and common among skilled players) you’ll be tossing the
ball up while you pull back the dominant arm and swing. Don’t follow through after your hand contacts the
ball, which should feel almost like you’re punching the ball across the volleyball net.
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HAND SIGNAL OF THE OFFICIALS