REVIEWER- ENGLISH 8

 FACTS ABOUT SOUTH ASIA

1. SOUTH ASIAN LITERATURE is considered as the “TAPESTRY OF

NATION because each country has shared sufferings, language and
religion which led to recognizing the birth of their literature.

2. COUNTRIES IN SOUTH ASIA

a. India
The four countries were invaded by the BRITISH
b. Bangladesh
EMPIRE.
c. Pakistan
d. Sri Lanka
COUNTRY RELIGION LITERARY AUTHORS
WORKS
1. INDIA HINDUISM RIG VEDA- a. Valmiki-
knowledge of Ramayana
verses b. Vyasa-
MAhabhrata
c. Kalidasa-
Shakuntala
d.
Rabindranath
Tagore-
Gitanjali
2. Pakistan ISLAM UPANISHADS- a. Saada’t
(Ruled by Mughal foundation of Hasan Manto
Empire for 89 years) Pakistan b. Hassan
literature since Shahid
it is the Suhrawardy
collection of
religious text
written out of in
contradiction of
Hinduism
beliefs.
3. Bangladesh Islam Manimekalai- a. Begum
• Literature in written in Tamil Rokeya
Bangladesh language b. Tahmima
comes under the Anam
broader realm
 of postcolonial
literature and
efforts on behalf
of gender
equality

4. Sri Lanka Buddism Jathaka Tales a. Abraham

It began with - Narratives Thomas
oral tradition about the Kovoor
since they had a life of b. Anagarika
LONG Buddha Dharmapala
STORYTELLING
TRADITION.

THE CASTE SYSTEM

EXCOMMUNICATION-
The consequence of
doing something
outside one’s caste.
 PANCHATANTRA

-written by PANDIT VISHNU SHARMA

- Compiled in Sanskrit and Pali language
MAIN STORY OF PANCHATANTRA
Thousands of years ago, there lived a king in India. He had three foolish
sons. The king wanted them to lead a happy life since he believed that “A fool
cannot lead a happy life.”
One day, he called his ministers and asked for suggestions so that his three
sons could be wise. One of the ministers stood up and introduced Vishnu
Sharma, an eighty years old.
The king invited Vishnu Sharma to his court and settled on the
agreement discussed.
The king sent his sons to Shama’s hermitage. They lived with him for 6
months then Shama brought the princes back to the king’s court. The king
was surprised to see that his sons had become intelligent, practical, and
worldly wise.
The king was delighted and asked how did Shama do it. Shama told him
that he just told them stories with maxims everyday. The kind offered his
reward but he didn’t accept it. The kind thanked him and his three sons lived
a successful life thereafter.

- There are 84 stories and each has interpolated fables in it.

- Pancha means FIVE and tantra means WAYS OR STRATEGIES OR PRINCIPLES.

SALUTATION TO THE DAWN

- Written by KALIDASA
- Enjoy your present

NOTE:
INDIAN MYTH, INVERTED AND NORMAL ORDER, SUBJECT-VERB
AGREEMENT are also included. Just use your notebook as your
reference.

GOODLUCK!

- Mr. Rosario
THINGS TO REMEMBER ABOUT RAMAYANA

 Lakshmi- the incarnation of Sita

 Vishnu- the incarnation of Rama
 Shurpanakha- the sister of Ravana who unsuccessfully convinced
Rama to be his husband.
 Lanka- this is the kingdom where Ravana and his rakshasas lived.
 King Jatayu- the vulture king who struggled to save Sita from the
flying chariot of Ravana
 Vashishtha- the adviser of King Dasaratha who helped him to offer a
fire sacrifice to please the gods.
 Payasa/ Payasam- the magical food which Vishnu has sent to his
messenger for King Dasaratha’s three wives.
 Manthara- She is the maid who poisoned Kaikeyi’s mind to secure her
position in the kingdom
 Hanuman- he is the greatest monkey warrior who helped Rama to
defeat Ravana
 Dharma- the reason why Lakshmana and Sita joined Rama’s
banishment.
 RAMA
SATRUGHNA - THEY are the noble and righteous princes of the
kingdom of Ayodhya
LAKSHMANA
BHRATA
 Chitrakoot- the place where Rama, Sita and Lakshmana went after
they were exiled from the kingdom.

SKIMMING vs. SCANNING

Skimming refers to the process of reading only main ideas within a
passage to get an overall impression of the content of a reading
selection.

How to Skim:
* Read the title.
* Read the introduction or the first paragraph.
* Read the first sentence of every other paragraph.
* Read any headings and sub-headings.
* Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs.
* Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases.
* Read the summary or last paragraph.

Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific

information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and
you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.

How to Scan:
* State the specific information you are looking for.
* Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use
to help you locate the answer. For example, if you were looking for a certain
date, you would quickly read the paragraph looking only for numbers.
* Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections
might contain the information you are looking for.
* Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.

AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

D- to DESCRIBE
I- to INFORM
P- to PERSUADE
E- to ENTERTAIN
N- to NARRATE

KINDS OF ESSAY

 DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY- The writer creates a vivid picture of a certain

idea or concept through employing descriptions and
characteristics.
 PERSUASIVE ESSAY- The writer writes to convince readers to take
a stand – either in its favor, or against it.
 EXPOSITORY ESSAY- The writer gives an explanation of an idea,
theme, or issue to the audience using facts, examples, definition, and
comparison and contrast.
 NARRATIVE ESSAY- The writer organizes series of events through
describing the experiences therein using special languages which appeal
to five senses.

PARALLELISM
 Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are
grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound,
meaning.
EXAMPLES:
1. He came, he saw, and he conquered.
2. The new airline claims to be fast, efficient, and safe.

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION

An idiom (also called idiomatic expression) is an expression, word, or

phrase that has a figurative meaning.

NOTE: Learn how to decode the meaning of an idiom through the help of
context clues.