22-Oct-18 Database Management System DBMS DEER EM uel Data Information * raw facts data with context * no context * processed data + justnumbers and + value-added to data text — summarized — organized - analyzed PenData v/s Information . Example aa ample infomation ae a 54s g att aa Data Processing . + Data processing is, broadly, "the collection and manipulation of items of data to produce meaningful information." In this sense it can be considered a subset of information processing, "the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.” + Data processing may involve various processes, including: = Validation ~ Ensuring that supplied datas “clean, comect and useful” = Sorting - “arranging items in some sequence andiorin diferent sets.” ‘Summarization ~ reducing detail data to its main points ~ Agareaation — combining multiple pieces of data — Analysis - the “collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data,” — Reporting lst detail or summary data or computed information. separates data info various categories. 22-Oct-18Ea ES ae a 22-Oct-18File System CUSTOMER File AGENT File SALES File REA Traditional Approach " Purchase Module [femnaction Hie Lf Paschare Program | Mast Fe Purchase Output ee Battin 22-Oct-18Traditional Approach " Account Payable Module eb Account Payable Output Traditional Approach " Payroll Module se _ a = —— [ semaine | 22-Oct-18Traditional Approach " File: A collection of records or documents dealing with one organization, person, area or subject. + Manual (paper) files - Computer files. Approach was file oriented Maintain own master file & transactions file and Custom program for each module Duplicate data in multiple files, leading to data inconsistency, different values used for the same attribute Changes in programs requiring changes to the data Data sharing between modules is not there No security aaa eeyeyem__ Disadvantage of Traditional Approach :: + Inconsistent Data >Same data but different values + Data Redundancy »Dubplicity of some of the data in different application. + Lack of Data Integration »Data related to same entry not integrated. + Program/Data Dependence >for specific Data specific program is needed. » Change in fields leads to change in program. 22-Oct-18Disadvantage of Traditional Approach ;:; + Lack of flexibility > Report / Output designed can not be easily altered. > Immediate needs can not be entertained. + Poor enforcement of standards + Excessive program maintenance + Poor Security + A Database is a collection of stored operational data used by the application systems of some particular enterprise. (C.J. Date) — Paper “Databases” + Still contain a large portion of the world's knowledge — File-Based Data Processing Systems + Early batch processing of (primarily) business data — Database Management Systems (DBMS) 22-Oct-18ETE) * A database can be summarily described as a repository for data. = A database is any collection of related data * This makes clear that building databases is really a continuation of a human activity that has existed since writing began; it can be applied to the result of any bookkeeping or recording activity that occurred long before the advent of the computer era. = A database is a persistent, logically coherent collection of inherently meaningful data, relevant to some aspects of the real world. a, The word database is commonly used to refer to any. of the following: your personal address book in a Word document a collection of Word documents a collection of Excel Spreadsheets a very large flat file on which you run some statistical analysis functions data collected, maintained, and used in airline reservation data used to support the launch of a space shuttle 22-Oct-1822-Oct-18 Why Database Management System :: + Redundancy can be reduced (Duplicity in any form). Inconsistency can be avoided (Updating of data at one level leads to inconsistency on all other the levels). Data can be shared (For different modules). Standard can be enforced. Security restriction can be applied. — Access Rights — Type of Access 5 Why Database Management System }; Integrity can be maintained (Validation of data) Conflicting requirements can be balanced. Synchronization : First in first out methodology working. Data Independence — Program — Storage - Access / Organisation. Pen 522-Oct-18 rele CM CUCU CU) : * A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and managing databases. ‘The DBMS provides users and programmers with a cyctomatic way to create, retriove, update and manage data. DBMS is a tool to store, edit and organise a database. It provides several key features: stores data in one central Iccation allows data to be shared by many users * provides user interfaces to work with the data * creates backups controls who can access and edit the data a eT Database Approach to Data Processing :: + DBMS is a set of program that serve as an interface between application programs and a set of coordinated and integrated physical file called database. Database: A collection of similar records with relationships between the records, bibliographic, statistical, business data, images, etc.Database Management System Provides users and provide eonenrreney, ‘stores data in programmers with a security, data integrity and | | central location systematic way to create, retrieve, update procedures. and manage date, ‘uniform administration ‘atlows data ob shared bymany st DBMS > Management software ——-—J for creating and a vee managing databases. interfaces to work with the data controls who can aceess Take eare about and edit the data the Backups and Recovery Database Approach to Data Processing. :: + DBMS provide — Creation of Database — Maintenance of Data — Updating of Data —- Query Provide logical view rather physical view 22-Oct-1822-Oct-18 Popular DBMS : + Examples of popular DBMS — MySql — Oracle - SQL Server — IBM DB2 — PostgreSQL —- Amazon SimpleDB (cloud based) etc. Pen22-Oct-18 Components of DBMS : + Hardware : Computer, hard disks, I/O channels for data, and any other physical component involved before any data is successfully stored into the memory. Software : This is the main component, as this is the program which controls everything. The DBMS software is more like a wrapper around the physical database, which provides us with an easy-to-use interface to store, access and update data. The DBMS software is capable of understanding the Database Access Language and intrepret it into actual database commands to execute them on the Dl BEE Eee Components of DBMS +s + Data : Data is that resource, for which DBMS was designed. The motive behind the creation of DBMS was to store and utilise data. In a typical Databace, the user caved Data is present and meta data is stored. (Metadata is data about the data. This is information stored by the DBMS to better understand the data stored in it) For example: When | store my Name in a database, the DBMS will store when the name was stored in the database, what is the size of the name, is it stored as related data to some other data, or is it independent, all this information is metadataComponents of DBMS : + Procedures : General instructions to use a database management system, includes procedures to setup and install a DBMS, login and logout of DBMS software, manage databases, take backups, generating reports cto. + Database Access Language : is a simple language designed to write commands to access, insert, update and delete data stored in any database. A user can write commands in the Database Access Language and submit it to the DBMS for execution, which is then translated and executed by the DBMS. User can create new databases, tables, insert data, fetch stored data, update data and delete the data using the access language + Database Administrators: Database Administrator or DBA is the one who manages the complete database management system. DBA takes care of the security of the DBMS, its availability, managing user accounts and access ete. + Application Programmer or Software Developer: This user group is involved in developing and desiging the parts of DBMS. + End User: All the modern applications, web or mobile, store user data. Applications are programmed in such a way that they collect user data and store the data on DBMS systems running on their server. End users are the one who store, retrieve, update and delete data. REE oe DBMS Users 22-Oct-18 14DBMS Conceptual View . Application Programs Purchasing - ‘Account Payable DBMS a Dabase Inventory Payroll / Ue Personnel ye SA] Extemal View View View? Views N\ OS. stag sopiea vps. NL [Eonanna ew —] ‘Mapping supplied by DBMS and OS Internal View 22-Oct-18‘User Can See ‘User? CanSee User Gn See Lica Reso ‘eendance Drtendance Quaint Guat od dress n losis Reconl Highest level of to different user) Views of Data Logical View/ External View abstraction Wifferent view Internal / Physical View Seadent name aving(5) off sot Roll No 9 dec offset ey ‘Astendance 3 dec oft 34 ualfieation: string (0) offset 37 Describe what data are actually stored in database Lowest level of abstraction which describe how data is stored. 22-Oct-18 16DBMS Beni . + Minimal Data Redundancy + Consistency of Data + Integration of Data * Sharing of Data * Ease of Application Development + Uniform Security, Privacy, and Integrity Controls + Data Accessibility and Responsiveness + Data Independence + Reduced Program Maintenance a UY DBMS Components $s DEY Pees Pen 22-Oct-181D) EIS Wace mre) Cen) =) CE =) Pen 22-Oct-18.