After centuries of technological progress and advances in international cooperation,

the world is more connected than ever.

According to (Scholte, 1995) Globalization is a term in heavy current usage but one
whose meaning remains obscure, often even among those who invoke it. Indeed, Jan
Art Scholte states that “globalization stands out for quite a large public spread across
the world as one of the defining terms of late twentiethcentury social consciousness.”
The term is often distinguished more by what it is not, rather than what it is. James
Rosenau recognizes such a tendency when he states that Globalization is not the same
as globalism, which points to aspirations for an end state of affairs wherein values are
shared by or pertinent to all the world’s five billion people, their environment, their roles
as citizens, consumers or producers with an interest in collective action designed to
solve common problems. Nor is it universalism—values which embrace all humanity,
hypothetically or actually.

Another temptation is to indeed specify a definition but one that offers little by way of
operational value. Anthony McGrew (1990) isone of the only example of this, nor the
most egregious, when he states that globalization constitutes a multiplicity of linkages
and interconnections that transcend the nation states (and by implication the societies)
which make up the modern world system. It defines a process through which events,
decisions and activities in one part of the world can come to have a significant
consequence for individuals and communities in quite distant parts of the globe.

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s
economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods
and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

Globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. It is the process of

international integration as a product of exchange of world views, products, ideas and
other aspects of culture in which worldwide exchange of national and cultural
resources occurs in the process. The term globalization is used to describe the
economic, political, social and cultural changes of the world in the last odd fifty years,
which was accelerated by the scientific revolution to the diminishing of national and
geopolitical boundaries in an expanding transnational movement of goods, services
and capital. No single definition exists, when we talk about the ‘definition’ of
globalization, as it is with all other core concepts in the social sciences; its precise
meaning remains contested. According to the sociologist, Roland Robertson,”
globalization as a concept refers both to the compression of the world and the
intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole, both concrete global
interdependence and consciousness of the globe whole”. For Mary C Waters,
Globalization is understood in social process in which geographical obstacles to social
and cultural arrangements lose importance.

Globalization involves the process of stretching or extension and intensification of

human activities, relations and networks across globe. Since globalization is a work in
progress, the end result cannot be predicted. But it is obvious that globalization has a
major impact on social realm of society across the world.
Globalization is the growth of international trade, investment, technology and
information all over the world. It is the merge of all Asian countries with each other.
Technology is a big factor of globalization. The advanced and modern technology can
help each nation to access borders and top increase the economic growth of each
country. Globalization expands more in terms of the social, cultural, legal, and political.
Each country has its own cultural globalization and they represent and exchange it to
other countries about the new ideas and values of their country. They also share the
development of their country and help some country if needed.
Also, globalization can be mean to liberalize each country their rule and regulation to
follow, people can enter to a different country as long they follow the rules and law of
the country they when to or work to. Globalization works to each country through the
World Trade Organization and the United Nation because the international law is
created and enforce.

The continuing world-wide growth of access to internet is being mirrored by an equally

discernible rise in its use by ethnic ideological and national groups anxious to assert their
culture identity (Obiora; 2002). This is most apparent in the information obtain some of
which reflect interest and goals.

With trade agreement and liberalization orf telecommunications, Corbit (199), notes
that corporate culture is said to rule the nation Jean (2002) observes that globalization
has made it possible for the whole world to be wired and plugged into T.V programme,
movies, news, music, life style and entertainment of the advance countries. Satellite,
cables, phones, walkmans, V.C.Ds, D.V.Ds and retails grants as well as wonders of
entertainment technology are creating the mass marketing of culture.

The combination of increasingly advanced technology and complex social structure

which were sustained by the ideas of change as desirable progress accelerated social
change being one of the major spheres of impacts of globalization.
The social dimension of globalization refers to the impact of globalization on the life and
work of people, families and societies. There are more social aspects for globalization
beyond the employment, working dimensions, income, social protection etc. the idea
of social justice is been now been a distant dream to be accomplished. The increased
political and economic movement of globalization has left the major aspect of society,
i.e. people. The idea of social justice aims at creating a society based on the idea of
equality and solidarity, the values of human rights, the dignity of every human being.
“Anthropology is necessity and study of changes as well of stability” (Keesing & Keesing
1971, 346). This has been one of the major topics of anthropology ever since researchers
first noticed that primitive peoples were not as untouched by change as they had
initially thought. Although globalization is often mistaken as an exclusively economic
phenomenon, it is obvious that “humans on all frontiers are being forced either to shift
their ideational systems radically and quickly or to live in a thought-world that no longer
fits the way their world is” (Keesing & Keesing 1971, 343). Keesing points out that as:
“rewards of “economic development” become universal aspirations; they [people]
react to this challenge in sharply contrasting ways”. From this perspective, globalization
cannot continue to be exclusively defined as an economic development, but it’s
social, cultural and political effects must also re addressed. Globalization has become
one of the most popular buzzword of our time frequently used by people. Globalization
is the increasing interaction of national economy with that of the First World, which
ultimately aims at creating a state of frictionless capitalism. According to Orunmoluyi
(2002) it is a process of creating a global market in which increasingly all nations are
forced to participate. The process of globalization entails that there is interconnection
of sovereign nations through trade and capital flows; harmonization of economy rules
that govern relationship among these sovereign nation; creating structures to support
and facilitate interdependent and creating a global market place.

From the culture point of view, David (2002), state that globalization is the
process of harmonizing different culture and beliefs. Castells (1997), state that
globalization is the process that eroding differences in culture and producing a
seamless global system of culture and economic values. The harmonization, according
to Awake (2002), his achieved to due to advancement in communication and
countries are increasingly being forced to participate.

When we talk about the gender aspect with reference to globalization, we can see
increased participation of women in all fields of life. But evidences prove that women
still work more as a casual labor. Though globalization has expanded women’s access
to employment it has not done much considerable to reduce the gender inequality.
Also, due to the influence of media and other socio-political- cultural aspects, the
crimes against women have increased considerably.

Another major social aspect is that globalization ahs deeply influenced the social
structure of different societies. Every society used to have its own unique culture with
respect to the language, social norms, morality, civic sense etc. with the advent of
media which has this special capability to influence millions at the same time has
challenged the social institutions of the society mainly family. A particular society
following their style of living without being much influenced by the western culture is
now seen as ‘uncivilized’ which was a very cunningly designed propaganda of the
west to inculcate their culture into the rest of the world and there by dominating the
globe.

Many factors contributed for the growth of globalization major being

advancement in transportation and communication. The current wave of
globalization is nothing but the result of Schumpeterian evolution in technology
along with interaction of many actors at different levels of the economy.
Globalization means different for different people. Globalization is not a debate
about divergence or convergence, but it is a dialectical process which can
both integrate and fragment along with creating both winners and losers. Today
what we see is the downside of globalization.

Roots of globalization can be traced backed to the colonization of Asia, Africa and
America by the Europeans, the then supreme power of the world. Search of new
markets and source of wealth polished by industrial revolution lead to the establishment
of international commodity markets and mercantilist trade. The deepened economic
protectionism after the First World War and the Great Depression in The 1930’s and end
of Second World War along with expansion of capitalism was tempered by
establishment of socialism as an alternative form of capital accumulation and
distribution. After Second World War the world has become more interconnected
through innovations and advancement in sciences, travel and transportation,
communication along with information and technology.

It is also a result of specifically conceived, planned and targeted neo- liberal policy
and structural measures that was designed to bring all aspects of social, economic and
political life under the tag of market capitalism. The Reagan administration in USA and
Thatcher government in UK accelerated globalization through clearing the debt crisis,
establishment of neo – liberalism as an economic framework (later came to be known
as Washington Consensus) and the International Financial Institutions imposition of
structural adjustment programs (SAP’s) in developing countries. The fall of Soviet Union
along marking an end to Cold War along with the acceptance of nations on capitalism
as the only viable economic order to create wealth and stability further made the way
easier for globalization.

Roots of globalization can be traced backed to the colonization of Asia, Africa

and America by the Europeans, the then supreme power of the world. Search of
new markets and source of wealth polished by industrial revolution lead to the
establishment of international commodity markets and mercantilist trade. The
deepened economic protectionism after the First World War and the Great
Depression in The 1930’s and end of Second World War along with expansion of
capitalism was tempered by establishment of socialism as an alternative form of
capital accumulation and distribution. After Second World War the world has
become more interconnected through innovations and advancement in
sciences, travel and transportation, communication along with information and
technology.

It is also a result of specifically conceived, planned and targeted neo- liberal

policy and structural measures that was designed to bring all aspects of social,
economic and political life under the tag of market capitalism. The Reagan
administration in USA and Thatcher government in UK accelerated globalization
through clearing the debt crisis, establishment of neo – liberalism as an
economic framework (later came to be known as Washington Consensus) and
the International Financial Institutions imposition of structural adjustment
programs (SAP’s) in developing countries. The fall of Soviet Union along marking
an end to Cold War along with the acceptance of nations on capitalism as the
only viable economic order to create wealth and stability further made the way
easier for globalization.
An importance feature of globalization is the interchange of ideas as symbolized by the
internet. The concern involves the clash of cultures and the spread of materialistic
values. The internet allows any person to access and wonder into the Hollywood library
and no one is there to stop, control or direct you. This has enormous influence on hoe
people think, act or behave. The values that this entertainment industries reflects often
promote materialism, violence and immorality.

Technology now created the possibility and even the likelihood of global culture. The
fax machine, satellite and cable T.V have swept away the national cultural boundaries.
Duru-Ford, (2002), opines that global entertainment companies shape understanding
and dreams of ordinaries citizens wherever they live. The local culture are inevitably
falling victim to global ‘’consumer’’ culture. For instance, English Language, as observe
by Tukus-Dubrow (2002), is gradually but steadily eradicating the local dialect while
consumer values according to Duru-Ford (2002), are overwhelming people’s sense of
community and social solidarity. For instance, globalization has increasingly knitted
together the world created unity out of great diversity. Jeans (2002), noted that Coca
Cola, Disney and McDonald symbolize the process along with Sony. Shell oil and IBM to
influence global consumer’s taste. There are known and consumed all over the world.
In addition, they are powerful companies that drive globalization forward, creating new
laws, new business process, new ways to eat and drink new hopes and dreams. Fridah
(2002), observes that there are optimists and pessimists, who have contradicting views.
She states that optimists look forward to global village linked altogether by internet, and
benefiting from over-increasing material well-being. On the other hand are pessimists
see a frightful corporate tyranny destroying the environment and culture, and sweeping
away all that is healthy and meaningful for human existence. Probably this is why Willien
(2002), predicts deterritorialization which he describes or calls the end of geography
and the end of sovereignty.

The Philippines is one of the developing countries in Asia that has been greatly
influenced by globalization. Globalization is the interconnectedness and
interdependence established among countries around the world. This idea of
interdependence typically has positive and negative effects to the economy.
However, their lower dependence on exports influences the Philippines to receive more
positive than negative effects to their society and culture.

THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE:

Culture has been defined differently by people. The different definitions attach to
culture is based on the differences in the orientation of the people. According Ekeh
(1989), culture is constructing used in an attempt to analyze and integrate events and
ideas in broad spectrum of areas of society. Jekayinfa (2002) stated that from wider
perspective, culture includes the total repertoire of human action which is socially
transmitted from generation to generation. Tyler (1871) and Jekayinfa (2002), views
culture as configuration of institutions and modes of life. Furthermore, he states that
culture is the complex while which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, laws,
customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of the
society. Among the feature that characterize culture is that has its own personality and
identity. The fact that we are human does not mean we are the same. However, it is
noted that every moment, we are being transformed, always growing like the cell in our
bodies. Culture changes exactly the same way as the human being change. In other
words, culture is dynamic. According to Odiora (2002) the transformation of culture is
gradual and not sudden. Obiora (2002) contends that culture is a continuous process of
change. In spite of the change culture continues to give a community a sense of
dignity, continuity, security and binds society together. Another attribute of culture is
that it is learned, acquired, transmitted or diffused through contact or other means of
communication flow from one generation to another.
In the modern day third world countries, absolute kneeing down may be fading as
noted by Tardif (2002) opines that culture is not genetically transmitted rather it takes
place by process of absorption from the social environment or through deliberate
instruction. This is to say that culture is learned. Such learning does not occur through
natural inheritance. Probably that is why Jekayinfa (2002) maintains that the man learns
culture through the process of socialization, enumeration, personal experience and
through deliberate indoctrinated nation or teaching. It should be noted that learning of
culture is a lifelong process. That is, learning of culture is from birth of death. Jekayinfa
(2002) further observes that what is learnt differ from society to society and from one
stage to another. However, all that is learnt is geared towards the realization of the goal
of the society.

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CULTURE:

The continuing world-wide growth of access to internet is being mirrored by an equally
discernible rise in its use by ethnic ideological and national groups anxious to assert their
culture identity (Obiora; 2002). This is most apparent in the information obtain some of
which reflect interest and goals. With trade agreement and liberalization of
telecommunications, Corbit (199), notes that corporate culture is said to rule the nation
Jean (2002) observes that globalization has made it possible for the whole world to be
wired and plugged into T.V program, movies, news, music, life style and entertainment
of the advance countries. Satellite, cables, phones, Walkman, V.C.Ds, D.V.Ds and retails
grants as well as wonders of entertainment technology are creating the mass
marketing of culture. The impact of globalization on the culture is immense and diverse.
It has affected the cultural aspect of people in different ways. For instance, the loud
echoing advertisement rhythms of the famous Coca-Cola drinks can be heard across
the boundaries in towns, cities and even in remote rural areas where drinking water is
hard to get. This is why Duru-Ford (2002) observes that people had to change their living
ways due to influence of globalization. Since globalization involves the opening up the
economics and knowledge freely and widely to the global market and its forces, Friday
(2002) contends that it is required that whatever the nature of their economics,
knowledge their level of the development and whatever their location in the global
economy, all countries must pursue a common set of economic policies. Of particular
importance, they must permit free and discriminate operation of transnational
corporation in their economies, open their economies freely and indiscriminately to
import and concentrate on exporting what they are supposed to be good at; reduce
the role of government in the economy to that of supporting the market and private
enterprises; and leave the determination of prices of goods, currencies labor, as well as
the allocation of the resources to the operation of the market (Awake 2002).

The Effect of Globalization on Philippine Culture

Let us begin by sharing to you two friends. The first friend loves to eat. His favorite food is
McDonald’s fried chicken. And he always craves for that crispy and juicy fried chicken
with lots of gravy. He really likes McDonald’s that he even looks like Ronald. Then, the
other friend is more into music. She spends a lot of time listening music in her 16GB Ipod.
And her favorite singer is no less than Justin Bieber or JB. She really loves JB that she
would even scream each time JB appears on T.V. Now, can you spot something
common on both of them? It’s the effects of the process of globalization. This process
has affected the way we communicate, we think, we eat, we dress and we live our
lives. In short, globalization has transformed our culture, our Filipino culture.

Globalization has become one of the most popular buzzword used by different people
worldwide. So what is globalization? It is the integration of the economic, political and
cultural systems across the globe? Or is the “McDonaldization” or, perhaps,
Americanization of world culture and United States dominance of world affairs? Is
globalization good or bad? These questions would receive very different answers from
Washington, Berlin, Tokyo, New Delhi, Beijing, Manila and other places worldwide.
Indeed, simple answers to these questions, answers that people from different walks of
life in different countries would agree on, would be virtually impossible to reach. But let
us have a balanced and comprehensive definition of globalization. According to
Globalization101.org, "Globalization is the acceleration and intensification of interaction
and integration among people, companies and governments of different nations. And
this process has effects on human well-being, on the environment, on economic
development and, most importantly, on culture. "

The process of globalization has instituted profound impact on culture since ancient
times. The Phoenician traders’ impact on ancient Greek culture, Chinese silk and jars
used in prehistoric Philippines and the spread of coffee, chocolate and tobacco from
Latin America to the world are few of the examples of globalization of culture. In
today’s modern world, globalization has become more complex and pervasive. And
this is brought by different factors that have compounded through time. Among these
factors are as follow: The shift to a new mode of production and distribution or, simply,
capitalism; improved and cheaper cost of transportation and communication;
colonization; proliferation of mass media; and recently, the rise of computers.
Culture, as way of life shared by a certain group of people in a certain society, has
created a unique identity as that of British, Chinese or Filipino. But today, culture has
become the arena of contention on the issue of globalization. And with the
unprecedented presence of globalization, Castells argues that globalization has
eroded differences in culture and produced a seamless global system of culture and
economic values. Hence, are we having a common culture or a dominant culture over
another? I say, it depends on how we view globalization of culture in relation to values.
It depends on whether one thinks that local cultures should be protected from outside
influence, or whether one thinks that new cultural creativity results from interaction and
mixing of ideas from different cultures.
In our own culture, the effects of globalization are immense and diverse. Now, let us
look some of these effects. The usage of English language is one of the most apparent
effects of globalization on our culture. Although English is important for us to be globally
competitive, it has undervalued our native languages. And it has become a pre-
requisite to everyone who is seeking for a higher status in society. Another, who
wouldn’t recognize Avatar, Barney, Glee, Rain, Wonder Girls or Kobe Bryant?
Globalization has made it possible for us to be wired and plugged into T.V. programs,
movies, news, lifestyles, and entertainment of other countries. In return, many Filipinos,
especially youth, have forgotten the traditional Filipino activities such as Moro-Moro,
Kundiman, Sarsuela, etc. Moreover with the growth of access to internet, most young
Filipinos would spend more time in playing computer games and updating their statuses
on Facebook or Twitter than playing sports or doing productive work at home.
These may seem negative effects on our culture but let us look at the other side of the
coin. Heard of Mr. Kenneth Cobonpue or Ms. Monique Lhuillier? They are Filipinos whose
ideas and designs have brought international acclamation and caught the attention of
foreigners and Hollywood stars. In music and entertainment, the songs of singer Apl d’
Ap of Black Eyed Peas is one of the manifestation of how he has integrated Filipino
language in his music. And globalization has also paved way for our culture to be
appreciated by the world through international fair trade, cultural shows abroad and
other international activities. In sum, globalization of culture has created both positive
and negative effects on culture. In our own culture, globalization has improved our way
of living and created an impetus for us to strive for a better life. But in the process, it has
changed some of our traditional ways of life, practices, beliefs and ideologies. Hence,
globalization is neither good nor bad. Rather, certain aspects of the complex and multi-
faceted process of globalization have effects that can be viewed in different ways
depending on the values at stake Globalization has offered considerable controversial
impact. It has been viewed as a process that is major factor that is a key to the
development of the world economy and also it is inevitable and irreversible. Some
regard it with hostility, fear that increases inequality between nations, threatens
employment and living standards and social progress. These brief facts is an overview of
some aspects of globalization and aims to identity ways in which countries can tap the
gains of this process while remaining realistic about its possible abilities and its dangers.
In fact, globalization offers essential opportunities for global developments but it is not
progressing in an evenly pace. Some countries have adapted to globalization and it is
participating into the global economy faster than other countries are. This is because
countries with globalization some countries have been able to integrate and are
growing faster and reducing poverty. However, the effectiveness of globalization in
developing countries is widely active because globalization helps give opportunities in
such countries in order to establish stability especially in the economy, trade, politics,
society, labor, technology and to reduce poverty level. Developing country like the
Philippines is one of the countries in Asia where the country has been affected by
globalization. The country is taking part in the process of globalization ever since the
country signed agreements with WTO (World Trade Organization) in 1995.
Since then, the nation had hope for WTO to bring developments within the nation’s
poor economy and also to have a role within the global economy and trade. Now,
globalization is very effective in the Philippines, it has allowed major changes in the
nation like more labor, and more Filipino and foreign companies has emerged in the
nation in order to help the country’s developing economy. Generally, the Philippines is
one of the developing countries that is rapidly dealing with globalization ever since the
influence of the US during the World
War II.
The country had high levels of education and English literacy due to the influence of
Uncle Sam, decent savings rates, and an export-oriented agricultural sector that
generated more than sufficient foreign exchange. The industrial sector was growing
rapidly and the country had one of the highest per capita incomes in Southeast Asia.
There was much to look forward to on the economic and business front. The Philippines
is a country of ups and downs of conspicuous consumption of devastating poverty,
hunger and suffering. The economy is basically agricultural, with rice, corn, and kamote
(sweet potatoes) the staple food crops. Key cash crops include coconuts, fruits and
vegetables, sugar, tobacco, and abaca (the famous "Manila hemp" used for rope
making). In aggregate, about two-thirds of Filipinos continue to depend on the
agricultural sector. The Philippines is rich in natural resources, as reflected in the fact
that foreign exchange earnings have derived largely from export of primary
commodities. The export of fruits and vegetables, especially pineapple products and
bananas, plays a key economic role every year.
Among the minerals that the Philippines produce are copper, gold, nickel, chromium,
iron, and manganese. Mining will continue to be important in the future, particularly
copper, nickel, chromite, and iron. It is estimated that 90% of the country's mineral
resources are surveyed and undeveloped. However, the costs are high according to
the international standards and many gold mines and other operations are not
economically at its best. The Philippines global economy remains in transition and the
nation has been living through a period of increasing volatility. Globalization, whether
individuals favor it or not, is taking place at a rapid pace, integrating more and more of
the nation’s and world economy. Philippines have four regions that globalization has
targeted and these four are: liberalization, mobility of capital, technology, and
management of organization through private and public sectors.

Each of these factors has been in its own way force throughout the world. But more
interesting is the realization that governments today no longer possess the reserves to
materially affect the global capital markets. Capital now moves according to the
dictates of markets, not of governments. With its great confidence on joining the WTO,
the Philippines are still lagging behind its Southeast Asian neighbors in terms of
economic performance.
Whereas, the Philippine economic growth was second only to Japan ’s in the 1960’s.
But when the nation joined the WTO in 1995, the Philippines had entered the global
economic game with its domestic political economy unprepared and undeveloped.
As a result, the Philippine state has failed to create the kind of organized
socioeconomic environment that would have prepared the country for global
competition. There are many things that globalization that brought quick changes into
the Philippine society. With its vast development it has brought about technologies
mostly computers and software and also telecom companies are being introduced into
the market. Thanks to globalization, such technologies were influenced by Philippines
neighboring Asian countries like Malaysia and China, and even Japan. Thanks to
globalization, it has opened its economy to foreign trade and investment. Furthermore,
globalization has allowed Filipino workers to travel the world, but most head for the
Middle East, East Asia, the US and Canada and Europe due to better economies and
better money. Filipinos working overseas numbered more than three million - about 10
percent of the labor force. The total number of overseas Filipinos may be as high as
eight million, according to the government. Those Filipinos working overseas send about
$10.7 billion back to their families or relatives in the Philippines in 2005. In contrast, the
question that the Filipino society asks themselves is: “Can the Philippines handle
globalization”? Many Filipinos believe that globalization has done nothing for their
country. And this is due to the poverty that has been becoming worse each year. The
Philippines is still corrupt and still faces economic and political problems, therefore, the
nation and its people does not trust the process of globalization. The majority of Filipinos
believe that globalization has brought about problems and conflict rather than
changes. The people of the Philippines mostly rely on its leaders because it’s the leaders
whom the society believes and trust for the people know that the leaders are the ones
that can make the whole Philippine society better and much more developed or well-
organized. So, globalization has to take place within the country in order to make such
changes happen.
Due to the process of globalization in the Philippines, poverty level has been increasing.
There are over 80 million people living in the whole of Philippines about 60 percent of
the population lives in poverty. This is why the Philippines is corrupt because they cannot
solve nor reduce the poverty rate. However, poverty has been a major struggle within
the nation and most the society is the ones that are suffering especially those who suffer
are the ones who do not have any jobs, money, and homes. That is why the people
protest to the leaders and the government to ask them for better lives. For example, the
world economic globalization affects nearly every person, but the process of
globalization is a challenge to indigenous peoples. In most countries, native peoples
have little voice within the government, and their owned lands are taken away by
corporations. Indigenous farmers typically farm small plots and sell their crops locally;
their farms do not scale up to the size and technology necessary for export. Like the
indigenous peoples of the Cordilleras, in the southern part of the Philippines, have lived
in the mountains for generations. In the past century, Cordilleras’ farmers began
planting cash crops, including vegetables, coffee and beans. Increasingly the people
are moving to towns and cities because they government are taking over their lands
and allowing companies to build their industrial plants there due to the major threats
that the indigenous people face. The farmers in the Philippines are suffering and this is
due their competitiveness in selling crops to the market is being eroded by foreign
imports. In fact, vegetable prices in the Philippines are high. Consumers in non-
producing areas pay 50-100% more than what farmers usually receive.
Farmers receive 28% more than wholesale prices in surrounding countries. These results
are why vegetables are smuggled in the nation for vegetables have become a form of
contraband. These are the problems with developing countries is that they are very
corrupt politically and economically but it’s not the fault of globalization but it’s the
whole nation is at fault. Overall, the Philippines is a developing country that is bound to
develop due to globalization. I believe that globalization will make its impact in the
Philippines because the whole society relies on westernization due to globalization.
Globalization can make the Philippines into a better nation if the Philippine leaders to
make their economy more advance through global trading and allowing more foreign
investors to the help boost the economy. And by accomplishing those goals, the
Philippines should be able to reduce the poverty level as well as increase labor force for
job opportunities for those that are in need for a living. However, since the poverty level
is still increasing, most Filipinos have managed to find work overseas and they have
managed to seek better living than in the Philippines. The most effective factor in the
Philippines is education. The society’s mentality is to be educated and it’s with
education that people in the nation see their opportunity for a better life in the future.

The cultural aspect of globalization is something which attained global attention

recently. So I will be discussing about the cultural impact of globalization much broadly
compared to the other three.

David Held and Anthony McGrew’s definition of globalization which denotes “ the
expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of
transcontinental flows and patters of social interactions”. Another sociologist, Roland
Robertson argues that an interest in globalization arose from a division between
sociology, which dealt with societies comparatively, and international relations and
political science which dealt with societies interactively.

Arjun Appadurai argued that globalization has produced complex interactions

between different cultures. He discusses about five ‘scapes’ which influence culture
and argued that these factors ensure cultural diversity and not cultural homogeneity or
domination. The five scapes are about the types of movements in the form of
ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes financescapes and ideoscapes.

Ethnoscape refer to flows of people such as tourists and immigrants.

Technoscape include technology that crosses boundaries.
Financescapes refer to flows of currency markets.
Mediascapes refer to mass media technology and images.
Ideoscapes also refer to images but specifically to the political and ideological
aspects.

Appadurai argues that the act of consumption represents a convergence of global

and cultural processes. He further added that what we have now is something beyond
a consumer revolution (revolution of consumption) in which consumption has become
the principal work of late industrial society. Today we see the availability of almost all
kinds of goods and services in anywhere in the world with respect to literature, cinema,
music, food, clothing, accessories etc. Western culture has diffused to all parts of the
world to a considerable degree. Anyhow the cultural transmission is not a one way
process. The popularity of Islam and cuisines of Asian, Latin American and African in
western countries is an example of two way process.

The very concept of globalization is a major challenge for existing conception of world
culture. It is clearly been discussed by the political scientist Samuel P Huntington in his
book ‘The Clash of Civilizations and Remaking of the World Order’. According to him,
the fundamental conflict in the world will not be ideological or political. But the great
divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. He
also argued that nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but
the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of
different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. He said, the
fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.

When we talk about cultural globalization the role of media and communication is also
often discussed under this title. Globalization and communication are deeply tangled.
There is a common agreement among the scholars that practically, there would be no
globalization without media and communication. Media have a central place in
globalization for three reasons.

Media corporations have increasingly globalized their operations

Global communication infrastructure facilitates global information flows.
Global media play a key role in how we view events across the world in
developing shared system of meaning.

The breaking up of space and time as a result of electronic media has a lot to do with
the global interaction regardless of the disparities. The contemporary method of
communication was altered by the new phenomena such as participatory journalism,
online communities and transnational activism organized through online networks.
Globalization has resulted in a rapid growth of social relations and social organizations
on the internet. The emergence of new communication through online has been
influencing the minds and brains of people through social networks, movies, blogs,
online open debate forum etc. Thus mass media plays a larger role in cultural diversity
than in cultural standardization.

The emergence of an Americanized World is something that we saw with the growth of
globalization. A converging consumer behavior and tastes with the American model as
a blue print for global culture can be traced as one of the major impact of
globalization on culture. The emergence of English as the dominant language in
business and academic works is another example of how one culture can gain
dominance in the world with power and legitimacy when economic and political
forces enable the spreading of cultures and values. Ulf Hannerz used the term
‘creolization’ to symbolize the process of western cultures being transformed and re -
conceptualized outside the Western world.

There are positive aspects for cultural globalization that will foster diversity when there is
an interaction between boundaries leads to mixing of culture which results in
pluralization. There is condensation and differentiation on ideas which brought many
unique aspects of certain culture into lime light. The concept of glocalization has
gained popularity which would help in improving standards of life, without hampering
the local tradition. Diversity itself has become a global value now which is been
promoted by international organizations and movements.

Thus, Globalization has got huge impacts on cultural sphere. There is no question on the
forms of ubiquitous, homogenous and hegemonic forms that spread through everyday
life. However, there are also important forms of reproduction, interconnection and time-
space aspect of these cultures and associated cultural practices.
Social Impacts of Globalization:
The combination of increasingly advanced technology and complex social structure
which were sustained by the ideas of change as desirable progress accelerated social
change being one of the major spheres of impacts of globalization.
The social dimension of globalization refers to the impact of globalization on the life and
work of people, families and societies. There are more social aspects for globalization
beyond the employment, working dimensions, income, social protection etc. the idea
of social justice is been now been a distant dream to be accomplished. The increased
political and economic movement of globalization has left the major aspect of society,
i.e. people. The idea of social justice aims at creating a society based on the idea of
equality and solidarity, the values of human rights, the dignity of every human being.

When we talk about the gender aspect with reference to globalization, we can see
increased participation of women in all fields of life. But evidences prove that women
still work more as a casual labor. Though globalization has expanded women’s access
to employment it has not done much considerable to reduce the gender inequality.
Also, due to the influence of media and other socio-political- cultural aspects, the
crimes against women have increased considerably.

Another major social aspect is that globalization ahs deeply influenced the social
structure of different societies. Every society used to have its own unique culture with
respect to the language, social norms, morality, civic sense etc. with the advent of
media which has this special capability to influence millions at the same time has
challenged the social institutions of the society mainly family. A particular society
following their style of living without being much influenced by the western culture is
now seen as ‘uncivilized’ which was a very cunningly designed propaganda of the
west to inculcate their culture into the rest of the world and there by dominating the
globe.

Globalization involves the process of stretching or extension and intensification of

human activities, relations and networks across globe. Since globalization is a work in
progress, the end result cannot be predicted. But it is obvious that globalization has a
major impact on social realm of society across the world.

In the Philippines, globalization has brought many job opportunities to all Filipino people.
The government encourages foreign companies to establish business and open many
jobs to Filipino worker even abroad. The impact of globalization helps the Philippines
community to be more aware of what happens to the Philippines, it also gives the idea
to many Filipino people to have more knowledge and information on the Philippines
society. At present globalization is more effective in the Philippines, it helps to improve
the local and foreign companies, the culture, the education, and the development of
the economy. Globalization improves the flow of information technology. When in
terms of information technology of the Philippines it flows very well and help the Filipino
to have knowledge and updates about the latest technology that all countries use. The
impact of globalization in the Philippines technology brings more positive effect
because it helps to increase the economy of the Philippines. Because of the information
technology with the latest and modern use, it improves the flow of all company
products and also it minimizes the work of every Filipino.