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Mass Moment of

Inertia
Mass Moment of Inertia
Since a body has a definite size and shape, an
applied nonconcurrent force system can cause the
body to both translate and rotate. The
translational aspects of the motion are governed
by the equation F = ma.

For rotational motion, caused by a moment M, is


governed by an equation of the form 𝑀 = 𝐼𝛼. The
symbol I in this equation is termed the mass
moment of inertia.
Mass Moment of Inertia
By comparison, the moment of inertia is a
measure of the resistance of a body to angular
acceleration (𝑀 = 𝐼𝛼) in the same way that mass
is a measure of the body’s resistance to
acceleration (F = ma).
Mass Moment of Inertia
Radius of Gyration. Occasionally, the moment of
inertia of a body about a specified axis is reported
in handbooks using the radius of gyration, k. This
is a geometrical property which has units of
length. When it and the body’s mass m are known,
the body’s moment of inertia is determined from
the equation
Mass Moment of Inertia
Mass Moment of Inertia

𝑀𝑜 = 𝐼𝛼 , α=𝑎 𝑟

1 𝑊
𝐼= 𝑟 2 for cylinder about point O
2 𝑔
1 𝑊
𝐼= 𝑙 2 for slender rods about point O
3 𝑔

𝑊
𝐼= 𝑘 2 , k is the radius of gyrations
𝑔
Mass Moment of Inertia
Equations of Motion:
Rotation about a Fixed Axis
Consider the rigid body (or
slab) shown, which is
constrained to rotate in the
vertical plane about a fixed
axis perpendicular to the
page and passing through
the pin at O.
The angular velocity and
angular acceleration are
caused by the external force
and couple moment system
acting on the body.
Mass Moment of Inertia
Because the body’s center of mass G moves
around a circular path, the acceleration of this point is
best represented by its tangential and normal
components. The tangential component of
acceleration has a magnitude of (𝑎𝐺 )𝑡 = 𝛼𝑟𝐺 and
must act
in a direction which is consistent with the body’s
angular acceleration 𝜶.
The magnitude of the normal component of
acceleration is (𝑎𝐺 )𝑛 = 𝜔2 𝑟𝐺 .
This component is always directed from point G to O,
regardless of the rotational sense of 𝝎.
Mass Moment of Inertia
Moment Equation about point G

Moment Equation about point O


Mass Moment of Inertia
Sample Problem

1. A weight of 400N is fastened to a cord which is


wrapped around a solid cylinder of 1m in radius
weighing 1200N. The cylinder rotates about its
horizontal axis, compute the angular acceleration,
tension and total bearing reaction.
Mass Moment of Inertia
Sample Problem
2. What torque applied to the cylinder in the
proceeding problem that will raise the weight with
an acceleration of 4m/s2. what will be the total
bearing reaction.

3. A compound pulley shown has a centroidal


moment of inertia of 30N.m. Find the tension in
the cord supporting the 800 weight.
.
Mass Moment of Inertia
Sample Problem
4. At the instant shown, the 20-kg slender rod has an
angular velocity of 𝜔 = 5 rad/s. Determine the angular
acceleration and the horizontal and vertical
components of reaction of the pin on the rod at this
instant.
For Slender Rods:
1
𝐼𝐺 = 𝑚𝑙 2
12

1 2
𝐼𝑜 = 𝑚𝑙
3
Mass Moment of Inertia
Sample Problem

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