MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – REVISION

1. According to Fiske (2005), the core social motive that reflects the need for
shared meaning and prediction is:
(a) belonging
(b) understanding
(c) controlling
(d) trusting

2. Havila knows that she does not like the colour green because she does not
have anything of that colour in her wardrobe. This illustrates the ideas
associated with:
(a) the naive scientist
(b) belief in a just world
(c) self-perception theory
(d) self-discrepancy theory

3. According to Asch (1946), which model do people use to form first

impressions of others?
(a) a tangential model
(b) a behavioural model
(c) a configural model
(d) a cognitive model

4. Upon completion of a study that involves deception, it is essential that

participants are informed of the true nature of the research. This is known as:
(a) respect for privacy
(b) informed consent
(c) deception
(d) debriefing

5. Which of these refers to the self-concept in a relatively collective sense?

(a) social identity
(b) personal identity
(c) self schema
(d) ideal self

6. Carl describes Anaya as organised, conscientious, and punctual. However,

his impression of her is more favourable when thinking of her as a co-worker
than as a romantic partner. After reading about impression formation in social
psychology, you reach which of the following conclusions?
(a) Carl has used a configural model to form his impression
(b) Carl has used an algebraic model to form his impression
(c) Carl has used a covariation model to form his impression
(d) none of the above

7. A long-term effect of peer rejection is:

(a) substance abuse
(b) academic failure
(c) relationship problems
(d) all of the above
8. Which of the following would be classed as a description of the relational self?
(a) being the son of Jack
(b) being a caring person
(c) being a psychologist
(d) both (a) and (b)

9. According to the discounting principle of attribution:

(a) we reject the first explanation that comes to mind
(b) we tend to accept the most likely explanation if there is more than one
plausible cause
(c) we tend to reject dispositional factors when making an attribution
(d) we tend to reject situational factors when making an attribution

10. Rakeem is interested in examining whether people from different cultures

form impressions in different ways. This type of question aligns most closely
with the field of:
(a) social psychology
(b) individual psychology
(c) cultural psychology
(d) cross-cultural psychology

11. When a distinction is made between primary and secondary motives, which of
the following is classified as a secondary motive?
(a) affiliation
(b) sex
(c) aggression
(d) both (a) and (c)

12. Hiroshi was recently at a party and met lots of people. However, he
particularly remembers Nicole because Hiroshi’s wife is also called Nicole.
This is an example of:
(a) self-verification
(b) the self-reference effect
(c) the social-comparison effect
(d) self-reflection

13. The actor-observer bias is the tendency to attribute others’ behaviour to

_________ factors and our own behaviour to _________ factors.
(a) internal; external
(b) controllable; uncontrollable
(c) external; internal
(d) uncontrollable; controllable

14. According to social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954), if you want to feel
good about your performance in 2008PSY, to which of the following people
should you compare yourself?
(a) a student in the class who is doing better than you
(b) a student in the class who is doing equally as well as you
(c) a student in the class who is doing worse than you
(d) a student not in the class who is doing engineering
15. The theory of reasoned action (Fisbein & Azjen, 1975) proposes that the
extent to which we value a particular outcome of a behaviour is important in
understanding our:
(a) attitude toward the behaviour
(b) subjective norm for the behaviour
(c) perceived behaviour control over the behaviour
(d) motivation to comply with the behaviour

16. When considering cultural differences in the self, which of the following is a
self-activity more typical of those from Western rather than Eastern cultures?
(a) being self-expressive
(b) being non-confrontational
(c) promoting group goals
(d) both (a) and (b)

17. When holding a specific attitude leads to greater rewards and fewer costs, the
attitude is serving a(n) __________ function.
(a) ego-defensive
(b) knowledge
(c) value-expressive
(d) instrumental

18. The _________ motive refers to the desire to have accurate and valid
information about oneself.
(a) self-assessment
(b) self-esteem
(c) self-enhancement
(d) self-verification

19. Compared to those with low self-esteem, those with high self-esteem:
(a) are vulnerable to failure
(b) have a self-enhancement motivational orientation
(c) have an inconsistent self-concept
(d) are emotionally unstable

20. According to Hofstede, in nations scoring high on the value dimension of

power distance:
(a) managers would tend to consult with subordinates
(b) parents would expect obedience from their children
(c) autocratic leaders (i.e., leaders who accept little input from group
members) would be expected and accepted
(d) both (b) and (c)

21. Jemima knew little about photography but enrolled in a beginner’s course to
see what it was all about. She was praised for her first effort, but thought this
was just a bit of luck, making an _____________ attribution. When she
continued to be praised for her later work she concluded that anyone could be
a good photographer because photography is so easy. This time her
attribution was _____________.
(a) external-stable; internal-unstable
(b) internal-unstable; external-stable
(c) external-unstable; external-stable
(d) internal-stable; internal-unstable
22. The expression “the looking glass self” refers to a concept of self that is:
(a) derived from what is reflected back to us about ourselves by others
(b) narcissistic
(c) learned through observation
(d) developed through introspection

23. José likes Armani aftershave because people always compliment how he
smells when he wears it. This is an example of what type of explanation for
attitude formation?
(a) classical conditioning
(b) operant conditioning
(c) mere exposure
(d) modelling

24. In relation to schemas, a prototype is:

(a) a script
(b) a self-schema
(c) the first impression you form about someone
(d) a mental image of a typical example of a category

25. According to Tracey, the living standard in Europe has improved since the
establishment of the European Union (EU). She says she knows this
because she has recently been reading about the EU in the local paper.
Which heuristic is she likely to be using?
(a) simulation
(b) representativeness
(c) availability
(d) illusory correlation

26. Troy is always very nice to his boss, but is never nice to his co-workers.
According to Kelley’s covariation model of attribution, Troy’s behaviour:
(a) has low hedonic relevance
(b) has low consistency
(c) has high consensus
(d) has high distinctiveness

27. In a study of self-monitoring and advertising on social networking sites (Kim et

al., 2017), the findings revealed that:
(a) different social networking sites (i.e., Pinterest versus Instagram)
influenced the level of situational self-monitoring in which participants
engaged
(b) participants primed for low self-monitoring (via use of Pinterest)
reported greater purchase intentions in response to a product-oriented
versus image-oriented advertisement
(c) the priming of different levels of self-monitoring (either via Pinterest or
Instagram) had no impact on purchasing intentions in response to
image-oriented versus product-oriented advertisements
(d) both (a) and (b)

28. Integrating an unfamiliar event, person, or idea into an existing structure of

knowledge is known as:
(a) objectification
(b) stereotyping
(c) anchoring
(d) covariation
29. The fact that you instantly know how to act when going to the movies is due to
a(n):
(a) role schema
(b) self schema
(c) event schema
(d) none of the above

30. What was the main contribution of LaPiere’s (1934) Chinese couple study to
the social psychological literature?
(a) people are discriminatory towards Asian individuals
(b) people’s attitudes are sometimes inconsistent with their behaviour
(c) people are very friendly towards Asian individuals
(d) people report on surveys that they would accept Asian individuals into
their establishments, but don’t do so in reality

31. In a study that attempted to predict women’s use of birth control pills
(Davidson & Jacard, 1979), which of the following attitudes was most strongly
correlated with the use of birth control pills?
(a) attitude toward birth control
(b) attitude toward birth control pills
(c) attitude toward using birth control pills
(d) each of the above attitudes (i.e., a to c) were equally correlated with
the use of birth control bills

32. Schwartz’ (1992) theory of basic values includes the dimension of

conservation versus __________.
(a) openness to change
(b) exploitation
(c) self-enhancement
(d) self-transcendence

33. In the theory of planned behaviour, which of the following can bypass
intentions to directly affect behaviour?
(a) attitudes towards the behaviour
(b) subjective norms about the behaviour
(c) perceived control over engaging in the behaviour
(d) all of the above

34. The practice of convincing people who participate in an experiment that they
cannot hide their true attitudes (e.g., by connecting them to an electronic
recording machine that, in reality, does not record anything) is referred to as:
(a) the semantic differential strategy
(b) the bogus pipeline technique
(c) attitude priming
(d) the multiple act technique

35. Which of the following statements about ideologies is true?

(a) ideologies are shared cognitive frameworks
(b) ideologies define a set of goals for society and ways to attain these
goals
(c) ideologies are a coherent set of attitudes
(d) all of the above
 WRITTEN ANSWER QUESTIONS – REVISION

1. Briefly describe the method that Williams and colleagues used to examine the
effects of exclusion/ostracism. What was the main conclusion from their work?

2. Social psychologists have identified three motives that might influence our
search for self-understanding. Name and describe these motives. Also specify
which motive has been identified as the most important.

3. Describe the weighted averaging model of impression-formation. Provide an

example of how this model works.

4. Name and describe three types of heuristics. Of what value are they?

5. Name and describe the three dimensions identified by Weiner (1986) in his
model of achievement attributions. Provide two examples of the attributions that
could be made using this model, highlighting how differences on a particular
dimension lead to different attributions for success or failure.

6. What does the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Azjen, 1975) suggest about
the relationship between attitudes and behaviours?