PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of a General Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses

Almaria (2012) Born in Imus, Cavite in July 25, 1872, Santiago Alvarez also known as
Kidlat ng Apoy (Lightning of Fire) was a revolutionary general and fouder and honorary
Author’s
president of the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party. He was well known as a
Background
commander in the battle of Dalhican, Cavite for his bravery and dedication. He was
popularly acclaimed the "Hero of the Battle of Dalahican". (1)
“On November 9, 1912, Teodoro A. Agoncillo” (2011) Teodoro A. Agoncillo was born
on Lemery, Batangas ( November 9, 1912) and was a renowned Filipino historian and
national scientist. Agoncillo started writing history from the so-called Filipino point of
view, along with his contemporary historians Renato Constantino and Gregorio F.
Zaide. They stand as the most prominent 20th century Filipino historians to emerge
during the post-war period. Teodoro A. Agoncillo was one of the pre-eminent Filipino
historians of the 20th century. He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were
among the first Filipino historians who earned renown for promoting a distinctly
nationalist point of view of Filipino history (nationalist historiography). In 1985
Agoncillo was included in the roster of the Order of National Scientists by President
Ferdinand E. Marcos for his contributions to Philippine History. His notable works
include The History of the Filipino People; Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic; The
Writings and Trials of Bonifacio; and Revolt of the Masses. He was also an essayist and
a poet.Teodoro A. Agoncillo is considered one of the most important historians of our
time. His new brand of historiography did away with conventional ways of writing the
history of Philippines—through the eyes of foreigners—and introduced a more Filipino-
centric style, seeing the events of the Philippines unfold through the eyes of Filipinos.
Today, his works are considered essential to the study of Philippine history, and have
also transcended to the realm of classic literature.(1)

When was the Malay (1992) First published during the 1920s in Sampaguita, a Tagalog weekly, the Agoncillo (1996) In 1956, he published his seminal work, Revolt of the Masses: The
account written? memoirs are reproduced in this volume together with the English translation by Paula Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan, a history of the 1896 Katipunan-led revolt against
(Context) Carolina Malay. (2) Spanish rule and its leader, Andres Bonifacio. (2)
JANUARY of 1897 – While the rebels were celebrating during the town fiesta in San
MARCH 25, 1897 – The Assembly at Tejeros was finally organized wherein the two Francisco de Malabon, they got distressed due to the series of rifle shots heard, thus,
councils, Magdiwang and Magdalo, discussed on how they would govern the revolution resulting into them scurrying to safety.
as one. JANUARY 2, 1897 – Bonifacio wrote from San Francisco de Malabon to his uncle-in-
Mention of date(s)
MARCH 27, 1897 – It was revealed that a meeting was held at the Tanza parish house law Mariano Alvarez because he was being skeptical of his very little influence with the
and that the Supremo’s decision regarding the election that undertook at the friar estate Magdalo area.
house was not respected and was disregarded. MARCH 22, 1897 – The battle enraged and the assembly came together in Tajeros
during Aguinaldo’s birthday.
Mention of place
 Andres, Antonio Montenegro, Trinidad Alonzo Mercado (Trining) and Josephine Andres Bonifacio (The Supremo), , Daniel Tirona, Santiago V. Alvarez (Captain General
Bracken, Ariston Villanueva, Daniel Tirona Maj. Damaso Fojas, Gen. Artemio (El Apoy), Mariano Trias, Mariano Alvarez Severino de las Alas, Antonio Montenegro,
Vibora) Recarte, Diego Mojica, Emilio Aguinaldo, Mariano Trias, Mariano Alvarez, Trinidad Alonzo Mercado (Trining) and Josephine Bracken, Maj. Damaso Fojas, Gen.
Key Personalities
Baldomero Aguinaldo, Bonifacio (The Supremo), Santiago V. Alvarez (Captain Artemio (El Vibora) Recarte, Diego Mojica, Emilio Aguinaldo, , Baldomero Aguinaldo,
General Apoy), Severino de las Alas Emiliano R. de Dios, Jose del Rosario, Jacinto Emiliano R. de Dios, Ariston Villanueva, Jose del Rosario, Jacinto Lumbreras, Mariano
Lumbreras, Mariano C. Trias,and Fr. Cenon Villafranca. C. Trias.
1.On March 25, 1897, the assembly at Tejeros was convened. The assembly’s main
1.In the flush of rebel victory climaxing the simultaneous attacks join the Spanish
topic is to bolster the defenes in the arias still under Magdiwang control. is for the
garrison and convent followed by the dismal failure of governor general blaco to smash
election of president, vice president, minister of finance, minister of welfare, minister
the insurgent power, the katipuban of Cavite divided into two factions. The Magdiwag
of justice, and captain general.
and the Magdalo.
2. . Several discussions happens before the election of officers begun. This was led
2. The Magdiwang, proceeding with its election independently of the Magdalo chose the
by Andres Bonifacio. Supremo Bonifacio appointed Gen. Artemio Ricarte as secretary.
following men to administer the government. The Magdalo elected people to take the
Mr.Diego Mojica, warned the Supremo that many ballotes distributed were already
reins of its government.
filled out and the voters had not done this themselves. Sumpremo ignored this.
3. Both factions agreed to make their respective armies wear the same uniform.
2. Mr. Emilio Aguinaldo won over Mr. Andres Bonifacio; Mr. Andres Bonifacio was
4. When Cavite, led by its rival factions, successfully rose in revolt, the leaders fell into
suggested by Mr. Severino to be the vice president since he got the second highest of
disputes arising from the desire to lord other. The magdiwang factions believes that as
votes. Since no one agreed nor disagreed, Supremo Bonifacio, ruled that the election
the initiator of the revolution in Cavite it had the priority to rule. The magdalo men
to be continued.
refused to cooperate with it. They believe that most of the victories in the while territory
3. Officers from vice president to the lowest position was elected. Mr. Andres Bonifacio
were won by their leaders.
Sequencing of was elected as secretary of the interior, but Mr. Daniel Tirona requested for restoration
5. There were 3 invitations sent to Bonifacio the 3rd invitation written by Artemio Ricarte
Events (Use of order against Mr. Andres Bonifacio. According to him, Mr. Jose del Rosario is better
upon the instruction of Mariano Alvarez, Bonifacio finally accede the invitation. with his
Additional Sheet if since Bonifacio has no credentials to show attesting to any educational attainment.
wife and 2 brothers.
Necessary) This made Bonifacio stood up and said, “We agreed to abide by the majority vote and
6. Bonifacio was brought by the rebel leader to the house of Juan Castaneda in Imus.
accept its choice no matter what the station in life of the person elected. And because
in which he was visited by personnel. And seeing Fernandez, made him recall the battle
of this, I demand from you, Mr. Dniel Tirona an apology. You must restore to the voters
at san juan to which Fernandez to win the battle but he didn’t.
and the elected the honor you have only now besmirched.” Then he pulled out his
7. Due to so many misunderstanding the leaders of both factions decided to call a
revolver and took aim.
convention or assembly at Imus
4. Mr. Tirona ignored Bonifacio, he slid away and got lost in the crowd. People began
8. there were misunderstandings before the assembly opened with Bonifacio as
to disperse and the Supremo adjourned the meeting.
chairman. Suspicions and jealousies continued to plague the ranks of the rebels and
5. Mr. Baldomero Aguinaldo, convinced the magdiwang leaders to reconvene the
even among the members of the same faction petty quarrels continued to come up.
disrupted meeting the following day.
9.. An invitation was sent by the magdiwang chieftan to the magdalo followers to attend
6. on the request of Magdalo Pres, Baldomero Aguinaldo a meeting was called at the
the meeting but they can’t come. The magdiwang was represented by Andress
same friar estate house in Terejos. Sactiago Alvarez, Artemio Ricarte etc. waited until
Bonifacio and other men.
5 that afertoon, but none of the Magdalo members came. The same night it was
10.. It was 2 in the afternoon when the meeting was formally opened. Jacinto Lubreras
rumored that the Magdalo leaders were currently holding their own meetin at the parish
president of the Magdiwang took the chair and opened the convention.
house in Tanza.
 7. the next morning, eyewitnesses that, indeed, a meeting had taken place. Those
elected at the Tejeros convention knelt before crucifix and in the name of the Holy
Father, the highest pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. Supremo Bonifacio was not
invited although he was one of the elected to office.
Differences Alvarez's bias is more on the election that happened in Tejeros convention. Alvarez
between the Two wants to focused on a specific event and how does the delegation of the people had
Accounts been done.
Your own Analysis
I can say that Alvarez confused mainly on the election, it was detailed since there is
of the Differences
dialogues between characters, we can really say that the author was actually there
between the Two
when it happened. He did not focus on one person but on the whole characters.
Acounts
11. There were discussions and . Andres Bonifacio was acclaimed by all to succeed
Jacinto lubreras to took the chair as the presiding officer.
12. Before the election Bonifacio probably assailed by doubts and aware of his
limitations. So proposed that whoever would be elected should be recognized and
respected regardless of his social condition and education.
13.. The balloting was made successively. Emilio Aguinaldo won over Andres Bonifacio.
Severino de las alas stood up and suggested that Bonifacio should be the vice president
since he got the second highest of votes. But no one agreed or dis agreed so Bonifacio
continued the election.
14. Bonifacio was elected as director of interior. Daniel Tirona of Magdalo man did not
agree to the result instead he proposed Jose del Rosario. Bonifacio felt insulted
that made him whipped out his pistol to fire at Tirona but Ricarte stopped him. He was
in pain and full of disappointment of not winning the presidency
The bias of Agoncillo covers up what happened before the Tejeros convention
happened. Also, Agoncillo mentioned some that there’s already misunderstanding
between two factions. Unlike Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of a General, Agoncillo showed
the history of the two factions.
Teodoro Agoncillo focused on Andres Bonifacio’s story, his journey with presidency. Its
longer and detailed version of what happened in the past, in a way that it tackled every
part of the event. Being known as one of the pre-eminent Filipino historians of the 20th
century, I know that he put so much effort on researching just for this book.

References in PRIMARY SOURCE:

1Almario. (2012, July 24). Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Filipinas. (https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/pambansang-komisyong-pangkasaysayan-ng-filipinas/)
2Malay, P. C. (Trans.). (1992, January 1). The Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General by Santiago V. Alvarez. (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3613857-the-katipunan-and-the-
revolution)

References in SECONDARY SOURCE:

1“On November 9, 1912, Teodoro A. Agoncillo “. (2011, November 9). Teodoro Agoncillo was born in Lemery, Batangas November 9, 1912. (https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/737/today-in-
philippine-history-november-9-1912-teodoro-a-agoncillo-was-born-in-lemery-batangas)
Agoncillo, T. A. (1996, January 1). The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan by Teodoro A. Agoncillo. (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5663803-the-revolt-of-the-
masses)
Submitted by:
Prichebelle G. Grafia
Submitted to:
Mrs. Ruby Ann L. Ayo