Perspectives of the transition

17 sustainable development goals to be achieved

through a global partnership

Ph.D. engineer Constantin DÂRZAN

Sweden, Uppsala 2018

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Any opinion, conclusion or recommendation from this book are only of the author.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-359-64076- 8
Copyright ©2019 Constantin Dârzan. All rights reserved
This book or any part of it may not be reproduced or used in any way without the express written permission of the publisher,
except for the use of short quotes in a book magazine or in a scientific journal.
Sweden, Uppsala, Bonadsvägen 48, 75757

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SYMBOLS

SDG - Sustainable Development Goals

COP 21 - 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
CMP 11 - Kyoto protocol
F1 – The force to ensure human physiological needs
F2 – The force leading to the fulfilment of human safety needs
F3 - The force related to need, love and belonging, the need for friendship, family, membership of a
group, a society or involvement in a non-sexual intimate relationship
F4 – The force related to the needs of esteem, recognition from other individuals (resulting in feelings of
power, prestige, acceptance, etc.) and self-esteem, creating the feeling of trust, adequacy, competence

F5 - The force related to self-actualization needs that come from the instinctive pleasure of man to
capitalise to the fullest of his capacities, to become increasingly good
F1,2 - Socio-economic force
F3,4,5 - Political force
S - Poverty reaction force
DHP - The dimension of human personality
HN - Human needs

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Contents
SYMBOLS .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 2. In search of equilibrium ............................................................................................................ 9
Chapter 3. Man the most valuable resource of the transition.................................................................... 17
Chapter 4. Model of analysis of the causes, of the course and of the consequences of local, regional and /
or global development or poverty ............................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 5. The context of the transition .................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 6. Analysis of the actors and their roles from the perspective of transition ................................ 35
Chapter 7. Prioritize sustainable development goals ................................................................................ 41
Chapter 8. Transition and chaos ................................................................................................................ 44
Chapter 9. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 46
References ................................................................................................................................................. 47

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Chapter 1. Introduction
Most of the world's states were reuniting in 2000 around a commitment, edited in eight main
points, to reduce global poverty and save millions of lives, a commitment that constituted the
"Millennium Declaration”. In 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, the
concept of Sustainable Development Objectives was born, containing 17 points and 17 objectives,
replacing the Millennium Declaration objectives.
Between 30 November and 11 December 2015, Paris hosted the 21st session of the Conference of
the Parties (COP 21) on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 12th
Session of the Meeting of the Parties to the Protocol in Kyoto (CMP 11).
On 12 December 2015, the parties reached a new global agreement on climate change. The
agreement has a balanced outcome with an action plan to limit global warming "well below" 2 ° C.
Carole Dieschbourg, the Luxembourg Environment Minister, who held the Council Presidency,
said: "Today is a day that we can feel proud of. We have reached the first legally and universally
binding climate change agreement that will open the world to the possibility of avoiding dangerous
climate change. It is a roadmap for a better, fairer and more sustainable world. The EU has fought for
this agreement to be as strong as possible. I was a successful partner during these negotiations. But let's
not forget that Paris is just the beginning of a long journey. Together with all stakeholders - NGOs, the
business community and every citizen - we will now have the responsibility to transpose this agreement
into action. "
At the G7 Summit in Sicily in May 2017, Donald Trump refused to affirm his support for the Paris
Agreement, but instead he needed time to make a decision.
Then, Donald Trump announced the US withdrawal from the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
Angela Merkel says the decision is extremely regrettable, and China and Russia have announced that
they will honor their commitments under the Paris Agreement. In this context, Emmanuel Macron states
that what is happening is a mistake because the agreement is not renegotiable. Trump personally told
Merkel, Macron, May, and Trudeau the decision to withdraw from the Paris accord. Obama claims on
this occasion that Donald Trump's decision will not stop the rest of the world.
Independent of the geopolitical agenda, in 2004 two of the students of Rob Hopkins at ,,Kinsale
Further Education College”, Louise Rooney and Catherine Dunne developed the concept of Transition
Towns.
Immediately, hundreds of transition initiatives have emerged, across a diverse range in terms of
geography, culture and socio-economic variables in the United States - California, New England and

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Colorado (Carl A. Zimring and all 2012) with action plans on various directions on increasing local
resilience, reducing energy consumption and building a renewable local economy by relocating and
promoting regenerative development, plans of energy independence, books were written, various
projects, including research, began. Some publications cite these young people, others do not.
This Transition Towns concept becomes more of an academic and practical interest than politics,
with researchers asking all sorts of questions: how can we identify the transition at city level? What does
these transitions involve? How can I demonstrate performance in Transition Towns? How do transitions
take place? Who is involved in these transitions? Is the purpose of the transition also the purpose of the
community? Rural areas do not matter in these transitions? Can a community transition only be on some
or all of the 2030 agenda goals? How much does the ordinary citizen count in these transitions?
On the other hand, after 2000, the year of the Millennium Declaration, periodic elections were
held and are held in democratic countries. In a democratic country, elections are the indicator of the
people's attitude towards power and the course promoted by it. Under a multi-party system, voters have
a real opportunity to influence the situation in the country by voting for political forces that better
express the aspirations of the masses. The year 2016 was a year of surprises in terms of the state of
democracy in the world. Voters in the United Kingdom and the United States have contradicted
expectations based on explanatory patterns tested and calibrated over time in the most diverse societies.
"It's the economy, stupid" seems to have been replaced by "it's the identity, stupid". Post-truth was the
word of the year, and public policy experts are less and less seen as part of solutions and increasingly as
part of the problems faced by societies.
In 2017 we learn from Maroš Šefčovič, Vice-President of the European Commission for Energy,
that "Cities are the living laboratories of the transition to a low-carbon economy. The European
Commission works with mayors and regional authorities to enable them to present positive and
inspirational examples to others in Europe or outside the continent. "
There are also many elements outside the national or world institutional framework which,
apparently, have causal links with the UN Global Goals, we do not know the meaning, but the direction
is yes. I just remember Ecofeminism. This movement (Waren, Karen J 2000) seeks to eradicate all
forms of social injustice, not just injustice against women and the environment. It is believed that the
term was invented by the French writer Françoise d'Eaubonne in his book Le Féminisme ou la Mort
(Merchant, Carolyn 1992). From the arguments that there are remarkable and significant connections
between women and nature, ecofeminism correlates with the oppression and domination of all
subordinate groups (women, blacks, children, poor) with the oppression and domination of nature

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(animals, earth, water, air, etc.). All these subordinate groups have been subjected to the oppression,
domination, exploitation and colonization of the Western patriarchal society that highlights and
appreciates the people. Eco-thinkers believe that these links are illustrated by traditional "feminine"
values, such as reciprocity, cultivation and co-operation, which are present both among women and in
nature.
The elements outlined in this Introduction are just a part of the general picture that has led me to
write about Transition Perspectives. To this picture is added my experience with the Territorial
Administrative Units: the leadership of cities, communes, counties and even with some governments in
Romania, on European projects, over 30 years of experience in hydroelectric power plants, their
exploitation, along with people (starting with those without a minimum of training, up to university
professors, researchers, engineers, psychologists, economists, human resource specialists) and an
experience of over four years in Sweden.
All this experience, and not only, has helped me to know the issue of hierarchizing human needs
and how they relate to society.
Knowing from the "inside" this world of thousands of people with whom I worked on the
hydroelectric projects, I have found that for 60% of them Maslow's pyramid (AHMaslow 1943)
"stopped" at the first level, ie to the physiological needs (food, water, air, hygiene, sleep and sex). For
another 20%, home and family security also counts (ie 20% had Maslow's 2nd pyramid level).
The other three levels of the pyramid were divided into the next 20%, of which a great majority
grouped on Level 3, ie the need for friendship, family, group membership, or involvement.
The levels 1 and 2 of the pyramid were generally identified with those without medium or above-
average training, with the poor and paradoxically 70% of them lived in neighboring cities.
After 10 years, other projects, other people, other areas, the same conclusions. As a general
observation, after every 10 years, it can be seen that level 1 remains generally the same, level 2
"thickens," and for the other levels the number of people is decreasing, meaning the need for self
esteem, the need for self- updating being features that can be found in a more and more decreasing
number of people.
So we ask ourselves many questions about Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Objectives:
- We want to eradicate poverty, but it is the brake to the transition itself. Poverty is not abstract. It
belongs to people with whom we have to do the transition, through knowledge, changing the way
of thinking, action; This is not done in a few years, but the goals are for 12 years; Will we make
it?

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 - Objectives: zero level, health and well-being, quality education, etc. they are all interconnected;
What actions must be made and by whom to overcome the current situation?
- Who can be the transition agents?
- What resources must be used for a safe transition?
- Do the sustainable development goals for the transition need to be prioritized?
- What is the goal with which the transition should start?
To these questions and many others I will try to answer and advance some proposals that can
change the current perspectives on the transition.

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Chapter 2. In search of equilibrium
We know from the physics: "Rigid bodies are in balance in relation to the translational movement
if they are at rest or if they move rectilinear and uniformly over the inertial reference systems. A rigid
solid body will be in translation equilibrium if the result of the forces acting upon it is null. "
We will try to force the imagination and laws of physics in the case of the "translational
movement", ie the transition from the current state (the rigid body) to a new world, which we imagine to
achieve its 17 sustainable development objectives of Agenda 2030.
From the analysis of the 17 SDG, we conclude that by the end of 2030, we must move through a
transition to these goals, so that for each of the people of the planet to be a reality:
1. Eradication of poverty and hunger; increasing health and well-being; quality education, which
means the first 4 sustainable development goals achieved;
2. The existence of utilities: clean water and sanitation; clean and affordable energy; a
consumption pattern, ie SDG 6, SDG 7 and partially SDG 12 achieved.
We understand that through these objectives, as described above, it is desirable to ensure the
physiological needs of every person on the planet, that is to say level 1 of the pyramid Abraham
Maslow, which confirms that the first level of Maslow's pyramid is most important to be satisfied.
To achieve these goals, which are strictly related to ensuring the physiological needs of people,
action must be taken. Any action means the existence of a force. We note this force to ensure
physiological needs with F1, a force we can find at any level of socio-economic organization: local,
regional, national, worldwide. These F1 forces can be distinguished by size, direction and meaning for
any of the levels of socio-economic organization.
3. To have ensured the safety needs: gender equality; decent work and growth; industry,
innovation and infrastructure; low inequalities; cities and sustainable communities; responsible
production; actions to combat climate change; conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and
marine resources; ensuring a sustainable land life; peace, justice and efficient institutions, that is to say,
the fulfillment of the other SGD except SGD 17, which are in fact the satisfaction of the human needs of
the 2nd pyramid Abraham Maslow.
To achieve these goals, which are strictly related to the safety needs of individuals, must action be
taken also. Any action involves the existence of a force. We note this force of safety needs with F2. And
also these F2 forces can differ in size, direction and sense for each of the levels of socio-economic
organization.

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 Practically, with the 16 objectives of sustainable development, it is desired to satisfy the first two
levels of Maslow's pyramid: physiological needs and safety needs.
In other words, in order to meet these two human needs, two forces F1 and F2 (corresponding to
each level of the pyramid of human needs) will have to emerge, forces that will encourage the transition.
At the Sustainable Development Objective 17: "Strengthening the Implementation Means and
Revitalizing the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development," we will come back and we will look
at what happens if the other levels of the pyramid of hierarchy of human needs, of Abraham Maslow are
not taken into account and namely: (level 3) need, love and affiliation, the need for friendship, family,
belonging to a group, to a society, or to engaging in a non-sexual intimate relationship; (level 4) the
needs of esteem, recognition from other individuals (resulting in feelings of power, prestige, acceptance,
etc.) and self-esteem, which creates the feeling of trust, adequacy, competence; (level 5) the self-
updating needs that come from the instinctive pleasure of man to make the most of his own abilities to
become better and better.
To begin with, for each level of hierarchy of human needs that will not be satisfied by the 16
objectives of Agenda 2030, ie levels 3, 4 and 5, we will define the forces F3, F4 and F5, forces that will
obviously oppose the transition , because they are not satisfied.
The question is how these forces manifest with this "rigid body" - the current state, which must be
transited into a new state and which must be in equilibrium both during the transition and at the end of
it. By forcing imagination and physics (social mechanics), as I said above, practically all the forces that
must lead the transition must be in balance with the forces opposing the transition.
It is necessary here to stop our experiment to explain by what the current stage is characterized, in
correlation with the first level of the Maslow pyramid, that is the sum of all the physiological needs of
every man on the planet. From statistics and from various sources (Pascal Lamy and all 2017), we find
that "On a world scale 1% of the world's population has as much wealth as the rest of 99%." Do we
understand that the wealth of the world will have to be redistributed for the fulfillment of the 7 SGD and
in part SGD 12 ?!
Even if apparently not related to the topic, I would like to quote physicist Stephen Hawking, who
supported it on October 8, 2015, at a session of questions and answers on the Reddit social network: "If
the robots will produce everything we need , then the future will depend on how we distribute wealth.
We can all enjoy a relaxing and luxurious life if the wealth produced by the robots is evenly distributed,
or most of us can end up in poverty if the robot owners refuse to share the common wealth. So far, it

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seems that they are counting on the second option, and technology leads to an increasingly pronounced
economic inequality, "according to The Huffington Post.
Are the fears of Stephen Hawking unjustified ?!
From what we know and see one of the purposes of capitalism, it is the accumulation of wealth
and not the distribution of it. Do we understand that we are moving towards a new social system? What
is the social system to which the transition is intended? What values do we want to have?
We return and we wonder if F1 does not become the force needed to redistribute wealth on a
planetary level ?!
Also, the current stage, which refers to the need to ensure the safety of every man on the planet -
Maslow's Pyramid Level 2 - can be summed up very simplistically: in less than two years, ISIS has
become the most powerful terrorist organization in the world, with a $ 3 billion military budget; one
million refugees have entered the European territory in 2015 and are likely to double; none of the
European countries has managed to reach the level of economic growth before the 2008 crisis and these
things can be expanded.
I would like to recall here a definition of equilibrium and, in particular, the definition of a stable
equilibrium: An object is in stable equilibrium when, if acting on it to be brought out of equilibrium, it
returns to the equilibrium position when one no longer is acting on it.
We can say that according to "social mechanics", in order to have a stable balance from the
Transition from the present state to a future state, when all the objectives will be fulfilled, all our actions
(the forces necessary for the transition) must ensure always a stable equilibrium.
This requirement can be illustrated as in figure 1 below:

Figure 1 Equilibrium of Transitional Forces

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 Practically, if the logic presented is correct, the transition from the current stage towards a future
with all SGDs met, is possible if F1 + F2 = F3 + F4 + F5 (for not to change the direction of action) and the
result of all these forces is positive (algebraically speaking).
If F1 + F2 ≠ F3 + F4 + F5 and the result of the forces is large enough, in one sense or another, the
transition may not "start", things stagnate (crash), spin in circles, in an attempt to find solutions to
resolve the crisis.
From the careful analysis of the contents of the three levels (3, 4 and 5) of the Maslow pyramid,
set out above and observing the definition of "the political": "a sphere of social-historical activity that
includes relations, orientations and manifestations that appear between parties, between categories and
social groups, among peoples etc. regarding the promotion of their interests, in the struggle for power
etc .; orientation, activity, action of a party, social groups, state power, etc. in the field of the
management of internal and external affairs; ideology that reflects this orientation, activity, action. "-
can we consider that the three levels of hierarchy of human needs (not taken into account by SGD) are
actually the "need to retrieve" into a political orientation, in a doctrine of a political party ?! I think so.
People can sympathize with a political party, participate as party members, participate in elections on
different levels. To vote or not to vote on a political party, or a party candidate is another matter.
Thus, Maslow's pyramid of human needs can be divided into two levels: a socio-economic one
(base level 1 and 2) and a political one (the upper part of levels 3, 4 and 5).
Thus, the equilibrium of the transition forces can be redraw as in Figure 2:

Figure 2 Equilibrium of political and economic transition forces

As a consequence it can be assumed that at every local, regional, national or even worldwide
level we will have pyramids of the human hierarchy. A world full of pyramids that are based on
economic needs and the need for social security and at the top of the political representatives of their

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needs, elected or not democratically, with a representative or participative democracy. We have a lot of
local, regional, or national savings and policies. Worldwide, we can talk about geoeconomics and
geopolitics.
At the level of each pyramid (local, regional, national, international) we need socio-economic
balance and political equilibrium and both in a stable overall equilibrium.
Economic balance resembles a balance in which the component parts tend to be equal, ie
equivalent. It can be defined as a permanent trend of equating different interdependent socio-economic
sizes. The economic and / or social balance has a relative character, once it is reached, it is immediately
violated. The equilibrium point is always changing. Permanent are only the imbalances which tend to
always balance, these tendencies ultimately assuring the economic evolution.
From what we know so far, economic equilibrium can be partial (at the level of a single product,
at the level of some branches, at the level of different national markets, etc.), or general equilibrium
regarding global flows and sizes. The overall equilibrium exists when the pricing system allows a
simultaneous equalization of aggregate demand with aggregate supply. The main components of the
overall equilibrium are: economic growth; the fully occupied workforce; the stability of the overall price
level; positive balance of trade balance; a fair distribution of income.
The economic imbalance, as opposed to the overall equilibrium, is of a permanent nature and
represents a violation of the equality between demand and supply either at the level of a product,
aggregate components, or at the level of global supply and demand.
The main macroeconomic imbalances are: the economic crisis; unemployment; inflation;
negative balance of the balance of payments; the gaps, considered unjust, between different types of
income and social categories.
Social equilibrium is the process through which a person or a social group becomes able to live
in a new social environment, adjusting their behavior to the requirements of the environment. Social
equilibrium occurs in relation to a new, changed environment, and the indicator of success is that the
subject feels like "home" and for others it is no longer a stranger.
The political equilibrium at the level of each pyramid (local, regional, national, terra) is, in fact,
the retrieval within the political forces at that level of the satisfaction of the need for love, of belonging
to a group, of self-esteem, of respect, of permanent updating of all the individuals in that pyramid.
Political equilibrium can be a response to human needs in binary terms (it is equilibrium, it is not
an equilibrium), or it can be understood under another spectrum of political behavior as a balance
between demand and political offer, or setting limitations of the political factor.

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 Political equilibrium and economic equilibrium are in a "stable equilibrium" only if both the
political factor and the economic one have the same direction and sense. A Buddhist proverb says, "If
the direction is good, we have to go ahead." I agree, but to what do we have to go to? What is ahead?
Before the 17 SDGs to be fulfilled? How do we achieve these goals? These 17 SDGs lack policies. Will
we have equilibrium? Are we in the right direction? But on which way are we? Here are a series of
questions that localities, regions, and nations will have to answer.
Will we really be able to consider that for every locality, region, nationality, continent there is a
pyramid, a resultant force, which means, a unitary voice ?! Or in North America we will have a pyramid
for Canada, one for the US? What does it mean to have two pyramids in South America? But in Africa 3
pyramids? But in Asia a pyramid for Russia, one for China? In Europe one or maybe two pyramids
(Germany and France)? A pyramid - a voice, several pyramids - more voices. The 17 SDG should be a
voice. What do we have to do so we can all talk in a voice?

Figure 3 The Voice of "Pyramids"

The shape of the pyramid, as well as the two levels of a pyramid: basic level 1 - socio-economy
and level 2 - politics, can not sufficiently characterize human necessities and needs ever evolving. Here
is an example: Ecology is a social movement that seeks to influence the political process through
lobbying, activism, and education, in order to protect natural and ecosystem resources. The primordial
signs of ecology have emerged since 1863, through the British Alkali Act (Fleming 2006).
Once a social movement, a demand for politics, arises as a result of human needs, a new level
emerges immediately in the pyramid of human needs in that place of the world. In our example appears

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the level: ecology. At the planetary scale, between the basic level - Geoeconomics and Level 2 -
Geopolitics, a new level is placed, namely geoecology.
A new level, a new imbalance and how to disagree with "Change is the only constant in life"?!
It is certain, or almost certain, that at the level of each locality, region, nation, are such basic
pyramids that we can call the basic pyramids of society. Also, many local, regional and / or national
pyramids have between economic and political a level named "freedom" or "regional liberty", because
there it can be missing, for example, freedom or freedom of expression.
We always have needs, we always show them at the level of politics, but all of them have
influences on the economics, that is, always in imbalance, and when we realize the equilibrium, again
appears imbalance, and so we always go looking for equilibrium.
This is our mission: always looking for equilibrium.
Practical, there are millions of pyramids on the planet, organized on localities, regions, nations,
continents that contain the hierarchy of human needs. Of course, these pyramids have at least two levels,
one socio-economic base and one top, political level. Between these levels at some pyramids are
interwoven, nested also other levels: ecology, feminism, transhumanism, separatism, etc.
Any new level in a pyramid creates local imbalance, but it can also create imbalances at regional,
national, continental levels. Here, for example ,, The Catalan separatism (catalan independentisme
català) representing a political stream derived from Catalan nationalism that supports Catalonia's
independence from Spain and its free and direct integration into the European Union. This movement is
based on the principle that Catalonia is a nation that refers to Catalan history, culture, language and
civil law as well as the assertion that this region, Catalonia, will not achieve cultural, social and
economic plenitude, as it is still part of of the Spanish Kingdom” El Temps d'Història-2005)
Now that I have made clear that the planet is full of "pyramids," meaning more voices, and
Agenda 2030 deals only with the basic level, the socio-economic one, the other being the politically one
is abandoned (assuming that it does its job locally, zonal, regionally, nationally, continentally and
worldwide). The other levels of human needs hierarchy (eg, ecology, feminism, transhumanism,
separatism, etc.) being effectively unimportant, we wonder if Agenda 2030 will be abandoned as well as
the Millennium Declaration .
These pyramids are not isolated, they are self-governed, or governed (depending on the social
system) under conditions of partial autonomy, distributed or fragmented with local or national self-
regulation mechanisms, or some without self-regulation (see the social system in Syria).

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 These "pyramids" are not of brick, nor of concrete or wood, they are made up of people's needs
from the most simple to the most elaborate. The notion of human need or necessity denotes the feeling
of deprivation, of lack of something, this lack or deprivation gives rise to desire. Needs are diversifying
and continuously amplifying as they are satisfied, and satisfying a need generates the appearance of
others. Needs have a subjective side that highlights the needs of the bearers of needs, so the needs are
subjective through their bearers, the subjective character of the need depends on the level of the
development of the individual and an objective side, when the need is correlated with the material
possibility of the individual, the objective nature of the need depends on the level of the development of
society. So, human needs are preferences, desires, and expectations of people to acquire goods, all of
which are conditioned by the level of the development of society (objective determination) and that of
the individual (subjective determination). Human needs are the impetus of human activities, and their
satisfaction, their purpose.
To the needs you have to respond with resources, but how justified are the needs? How moral are
they? Also, relate the needs with the character of the bearers of need? But with their professional
training? But with the culture of each of the need bearers? Who does this balance between needs,
resources, morality? How will the transition take place so that the global poverty will be eradicated?
The answers to these questions, in my opinion, must be found at the level of each pyramid and at
any level of the hierarchy of human needs from the lowest locality to the level of each nation, but in a
favorable global context. Is the world context a favorable one for these aspirations, of these common
needs, which should coagulate from the smallest locality to the level of a nation?
Here's what Pascal Lamy and Nicole Gnesotto ask in his book, "Where the world is going":
"How come that disorder, violence, chaos give the impression that they have become the new rules
of the international system, as long as twenty years ago, peace, prosperity and freedom were regarded
as the natural consequences of the end of the Cold War? What dynamics currently dominate the world?
Scholarship or violence? Economics or geopolitics? Did the first succeed in pacifying the world and
unifying it in a common destiny? Will the latter lead to the unification of the markets, in favor of the
disorder and rivalries out of control? "
In order to better understand why and on whom the transition to a better world depends (the 17
SDGs met), we will also deal with the human resource, perhaps the most important one, in this
particular approach called TRANSITION.

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Chapter 3. Man the most valuable resource of the transition
If we look back in history, we can find various definitions, analogy, or explanations for the notion
of Human. Aristotel is seeing the human as a social animal. Bergson and Blaga associate the man with
an animal that manufactures tools. For Feuerbach, man is what he eats. Thomas Hobbes, the father of
modern state philosophy, states (Thomas Hobbes 1961) that man's natural state is a war of all against all
"bellum omnium proti omnes" and that selfishness dominates the human nature "homo homini lupus
est" ( The man for man is wolf wolf) and then explain the need for the state to appear as an artificial
creation. As a parenthesis, Thomas Hobbes argues that he is the creator of political science that would
not have existed before his De Cive (about the citizen 1642 ). However, the notion of the state comes
from the Latin "statius" which originally meant a "resting state". The Romans also used the term
"civitas", meaning "fortress, state", as "res publica" approximately with the same meaning. About the
Greek "polis" can be said that he designates the word "state", "fortress". The Germans interpreted the
notion of "statius" in the sense of "land", meaning "state", "country", referring to state political
organization. The expression "statio" appears for the first time in Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli's
"Il Principe", in close connection with the foundation of state unity.
Practically, we learn from Thomas Hobbes that man's natural state of being always in war and his
selfishness, as a human trait, has led to the formation of the state. Of course, from 1600 to the present,
the world has evolved, with the state evolving as a result of various factors such as the achievement of a
high degree of evolution of tribes and tribal unions, the social division of labor, social differentiation,
etc.
Can we conclude that "the pyramids of the hierarchy of social needs" have evolved permanently,
but always in "war" with each other, "war" permanently dominated by the selfishness of those who form
the pyramid ?!
It might be too simple and little said about the importance of man in these pyramids of social
needs.
Perhaps we should see man in all the dimensions of his personality: temperament, aptitude,
character, intelligence, creativity. Of all these dimensions, temperament is the easiest to observe,
representing how to be, how to behave, in terms of value. A man's temper gives us information about his
dynamic-energetic side: slow, fast, accelerated, mobile, rigid.
Man's skills are his instrumental-operational side, which means that, he informs us of what he can
do or how competent he is in his work.

17
 Character is the relational-value side of a man, which means that, it shows how it behaves in the
domain of social relations.
Finally, intelligence represents the resolute-productive side, and creativity the transformative-
constructive side of man.
According to H. J. Eysenck, most researchers agree with the definition of temperament (H.J.
Eysenck and all 1982) given by Allport's (1961), namely: "Characteristic phenomena of the individual's
nature, including his susceptibility to emotional stimulation, the usual force and speed of response, the
quality, the predominant mood, and all the particularities of fluctuation and intensity of mood, these
being phenomena considered to be upon constitutional dependent, and therefore, are mostly
hereditary."
Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung found, based on clinical experiences (Dr Carl Jung 2008) that apart
from individual differences, there are also typical differences between people. Some people are
predominantly oriented toward the outside world and fall into the category of extroverts, while others
are predominantly oriented towards the inner world and belong to the category of introverts.
Extroverts are open, sociable, communicative, optimistic, serene, benevolent, understand or
quarrel with others, but remain in touch with them. Introverts are closed, difficult to penetrate, shy, few
communicative, inclined to reverie, and difficult to adapt.
Hans Eysenck resumes this distinction of Jung, amplifying the evidential case, but adds a new
dimension called degree of nevrozism. This expresses the emotional stability or instability of the
subject. Eysenck represented the two dimensions on two perpendicular axes, obtaining the type of
extroverts - stable, extroverts - unstable, introverted - stable and introverted - unstable , which he
associated with the four classical temperaments (choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic).
Because, in the end, the one who makes the transition to "something" is the man, he is the main
resource of the transition, without him there is nothing. In the light of the above, we can say that besides
the pyramid of human needs, is there a pyramid, the pyramid of human value?! I think we can say this
and we are not wrong. This pyramid has several levels: temperament, aptitude, character, intelligence,
creativity. We also know that these levels of temperament, ability, character, intelligence, creativity
cannot form at local, regional or national level, or worldwide, a "paralipiped", which means that, we
cannot find neither as individual nor as a group the same level of temperament, character, intelligence
and creativity. It is possible that some "pyramids" to find, from top to bottom, levels ordered in this
way: intelligence, temperament, skills, character, creativity, and others, character, temperament,
aptitude, creativity. Depending on how these dimensions of human personality are ordered, these

18
pyramids of human value will be felt intelligent or not, creative or not, by a larger community of which
they are part, such as region, country, continent.
The various dimensions of the human personality at the level of the nation were widely discussed
and debated by: Ivo Banac, Katherine Verdery - National Character and National Ideology in Interwar
Eastern Europe (Yale Russian and East European Publications) (1995, Yale University Press); Roberto
Romani - National Character and Public Spirit in Britain and France, 1750-1914 (2006) and others.
Terraciano and collaborators in ,,National Character Does Not Reflect Mean Personality Trait
Levels in 49 Cultures” presented the national profile of 49 countries / cultures of the world in the
prestigious journal Science. The five basic psychological attributes of the national personality profile are
neuroticism (emotional stability), extroversion, openness, agreeability and conscientiousness. Each
attribute has six specific psychological indicators: (1) neuroticism: anxiety, anger, depression, shyness,
impulsivity, vulnerability; (2) extroversion: warmth, gregariy, assertiveness, activism, sensation,
positive emotions; (3) openness: to fantasy, aesthetics, to feelings, to action, to ideas, to values; (4)
agreeability: trust, honesty, altruism, compliancy, modesty, gentleness and (5) conscientiousness:
competence, order, honor, achievement, self-discipline, deliberation.
Generally, these attributes should not be seen qualitatively but as attributes that have the potential
to be more or less functional, depending on the socio-cultural context of each nation.
So we can see that we also have pyramids of human value, which represent the resource of the
transition to the 17 SDGs.
If in Maslow's pyramid human beings are motivated by certain unsatisfied needs, and that needs
placed on the lower steps of the pyramid of value must be satisfied before it can reach the higher ones,
in this pyramid of value, we find it from the bottom up ” in layers "the personality dimension of human
beings (as a sum) that constitute the local, regional, national, continental, planetary communities,
namely temperament, skills, character, intelligence, creativity. These dimensions of personality differ as
disposition from region to region.
It is believed that the psychological profile of the Americans (Prof.dr.ing Daniel David 2015)
means a low nevrotism, extroversion around the media, openness, congeniality and increased awareness.
In Romanian, agreeability, openness and consciousness are lower, and nevrotism and extroversion are
seen higher than in Americans.
The question is whether the study of the human needs hierarchy and the group's personality
dimensions in the form of pyramids can help us to analyze the perspectives on the transition to the
"Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved through a global partnership".

19
 Studying the hierarchy of human needs and the size of group personality is the key to find out
different answers to questions like: Why does the Social Democratic Party in Romania almost every
time win? Why in Spain, Catalonia wants self-determination and separation from Spain? Why did
Donald Trump win in America? Why is Putin elected for the fourth term?
Also, the pyramid model for the above mentioned studies, helps just to know the problem rather
than the knowledge of the whole phenomenon, or the phenomena which implies both reactions and
actions determined by the hierarchy of needs and even the hierarchy of the dimensions of the
personalities of the different groups, or nations and why not ethnicities.
I will propose, in the following chapter, an analysis model (study) that will take into account: the
problems that arise from: hierarchizing human needs; the dimensions of human personality at a local
level worldwide; the reactions manifested as a result of human needs' failure, starting from the size of
the human personality of the group; Actions to be taken by decision-makers (policy makers) to achieve
targets (in our case the fulfillment of the 17 SGDs); Trans-(regional, national, ...) and trans-cultural
integration of human activities (economic activities and political activities) and non-human; Man as a
universal cause of everything that is good and bad on earth (the main resource of the transition or non-
transition to something, sometime).

20
Chapter 4. Model of analysis of the causes, of the course and of the consequences of
local, regional and / or global development or poverty
As I said in Chapter 1, the first 4 sustainable development objectives, respectively Objectives 6, 7
and partly 12 of Agenda 2030, represent the assuring of the physiological needs of every person on the
planet, that is to say, level 1 of the pyramid Abraham Maslow. There is no need for a scientific study to
ascertain that a need, a desire or an unfulfilled reason, produce tension (physical, psychic or
sociological) inside the individual, leading him on the line of an engaging in a certain kind of behavior
(in general, of search for causes) to meet that need and implicitly to reduce tension.
Force F1, which I was talking about in Chapter 1, is precisely the force with which a man, a
community, a region, a nation struggles to meet physiological needs. So F2 is the force for obtaining,
meeting safety needs, iar F3 - the force to satisfy the need of love and belonging, the need for
friendship, family, belonging to a group, to a society, or to involve in a non-sexual intimate relationship;
F4- the force to satisfy the need for esteem, the recognition coming from other individuals (which
materializes in feelings of power, prestige, acceptance, etc.) as well as in self-respect, which creates the
feeling of trust, adequacy, competence; F5- the force to meet the need for self-actualization that comes
from the instinctive pleasure of man to make the most of his own abilities to become increasingly better.
The physiological needs and safety needs are on the economic side of society, while the other
forces belong to the involvement in society, in the political area.
To realize the model that is the subject of this chapter, we will go through a few useful steps and
necessary steps to understand how we interpret it in the end, as follows:
a) We will draw a sphere (it does not replace the pyramid model shown above, it is just for help in
illustrating the analysis) and three axes: X axis - the direction and the sens required by the 17
SDGs, Y- the direction and the sense in which a certain nation acts in relation to the 17 SDGs,
Z- the direction and the sense in which a region from a particular country is acting in relation to
the 17 SDGs. Angles formed by the three axes: α, β, γ ⋲ (0,1800

21
 Figure 4: The action space of Nations in relation to 17 SDGs

b) Within this sphere, we will represent temperament, skills, character, intelligence and creativity,
as dimensions of the personality of a group (area, region, country, continent) through vectors
characterized by: size, direction andthe sens. If we give these vectors and a point of application
(eg the Catalonia-Spain region) the resulting vector of all these vectors, using the rule of the
polygon, gives us the size and direction of the group personality of Catalonia. The direction,
size and the sense of each of the components of a group's personality are different, which
means that, the spatial angles of these personality dimensions with the X axis (the direction and
the sens required by the 17SGDs) are different.

Figure 5. Size and direction of group personality

c) We will denote F1,2 = F1 + F2 the socio-economic force of a group of people (region, country,
continent, etc.) as the sum of the F1 force - the force required to meet the physiological needs of

22
 a group of people and the F2 force the force required to meet the safety needs of a group of
people. This force F1,2 will have the direction and the sense of "group personality," as stated in
b) paragraph above, due to the fact that all 5 dimensions of the group's personality will be "put
in the service" of the physiological needs assurance (which means that they all have a resulting
force that coincides in direction and sense with the F1,2 force) and of those of security because
they are the first needs which individuals will focus on.

Figure 6. Direction and the sense of the socio-economic forces of the group

The point of view, the opinion of a group about meeting physiological and / or safety needs in the
regional, national or world context, is actually the measure of the angles α, β and γ depending on how
these needs are reported to the X axis, the Y axis or Z.
The angle α = 0 (F1,2 has the direction and the sens of the X-axis) means that the analyzed region
acts according to the requirements of Agenda 2030, while an angle γ = 0 (F1,2 has the direction and the
sens of the Y axis) act contrary to Agenda 2030.
The measure of these angles can be obtained through actual measurements on the population of
this group of interest, at a time, through polls or referendums.
The intensity of the personality of the group and respectively the F1,2 socio-economic force may
also be determined on the occasion of the surveys or the referendums. For example, the percentage of
population participation in the referendum on a given topic can be considered the size of the "socio-
economic force".

23
 The result of this socio-economic force is a "socio-economic action". It consists of an integrated
set of transformations applied by an individual or a social group (regional, national, continental, etc.) in
order to achieve a result objectified in adaptation and aims to determine the function of a component of
the social system.
Thus, by determining the dimensions of human personality at the nation level, we can have one
vector for each country: ; ; etc. vectors characterized by direction, sense, and size.

According to each vector we will have a socio-economic force F1,2 in the same direction and the

sens with it, but of different intensity, measured by surveys, referendums.

As such, we can determine: If a country's direction and of meaning of action is in line with
Agenda 2030; If the direction and the sense of action at planetary level is in line with Agenda 2030; If
the intensity of the socio-economic forces is significant or not for the goals of Agenda 2030; The 20% of
the causes produce 80% of the effects according to Pareto's principle (80% of the effects are due to 20%
of the causes), ie the identification of 20% of countries, through whose action, produce 80% of the
effects of ‚,the increase of the angles α, β and γ ".
Using vector analysis (simple elements of vectorial modeling were presented above), combined
with sociological analysis, analysis of the outcome of a referendum, etc., we can determine the
following: the problems resulting from the failure to meet human needs; the dimensions of human
personality at local, regional, national or global level; the reactions manifested as a result of
unsatisfaction of human needs, starting from the size of the human personality of the group.
As I said in Chapter 1, through the 16 sustainable development goals set by Agenda 2030, it is
desirable to satisfy the first two levels of Maslow's pyramid: the physiological needs and safety needs, in
other words the elimination of the determinant causes of the emergence of the force F1,2 on all regional,
national and global structures.
Let us now imagine a planetary ocean consisting of stupidity, callousness, incompetence, laziness,
despondency, envy, greed, avarice, the anger of every individual in each region and nation on the planet.
This planetary ocean we call POVERTY. On this ocean, all the nations represented by us above as
spheres, float. We will try, by analogy, to apply Archimedes' law to these spheres floating on this ocean,
namely: a sphere is pushed from the bottom upward with a force equal to the weight of the volume of
"poverty" displaced.
This means that if the vector of the human personality dimension of a nation has the direction

and sense above the X axis (it makes a positive geometric angle with the X axis), ie the socio-economic

24
force F1, 2 will have the direction and the sense of the "human personality" that makes a geometric angle
positive, and the bigger the size of the force is, the more it will help bring the nation out of poverty.

Figure 7. The reaction force of the poverty- S

This "displaced" volume will never be zero, as in the case of other fluids, like water, in which
there are floating elements, because the stupidity, incompetence and all other elements of poverty
behave like fluids and form together this planetary ocean called poverty. You will try to remove water
from an ocean with a pump and it will never remain empty, this space is always replaced. We could
speak of a similarity with the circulation of water in nature: the circulation of "poverty" in the world.
In order to reduce the "volume" of poverty, you must have forces of the same sense to the reaction
force of the poverty, but also the "vector of the human personality dimension" of the region, or of the
nation that is experiencing with this poverty with the sense towards the goal of poverty reduction. As
well as a ball floating on the water always has a wetted surface (so a displaced volume, a volume that
will never be zero), as well the poverty will not be eradicated but just reduced. To have the poverty
eradicated is like having a ball always held in the air that touch the water only at a point (a permanent
force of support).
Reducing poverty implies two levels of discussion, one related to the depth of this planetary
ocean called "poverty", and the second to how the volume of these "characteristic spheres of every
nation" given by socio-economic forces and political forces, to be as high as possible, so that the
spherical calotte marked (watered) by poverty is as small as possible.
If we believe that on the world scale 1% of the world's population has as much wealth as the rest
of 99%, means that a solution to reduce the" depth "of this poverty is to redistribute this wealth

25
accumulated in the hand of a small number of people. Is it possible? Can someone decide on private
property like this?
There are other solutions within the reach of states, namely to invest money in the education from
taxes and duties taken from those 1% and from many who produce goods, and this poverty will
"evaporate" hard but sure but there is no a guarantee that this will happen in the next 12 years.
Regarding the second level of discussion on poverty reduction, we can see that if the political
forces have the same sense with the socio-economic forces (fig. 2), they determine a translation
(transition) movement towards the achievement of these great goals SGD of Agenda 2030. In other
words, if the forces F1,2, and F3,4,5 (whose presentation was made above) will have the same direction
and the sense with the vector of the size of personality of the group (positive angle), the resulting force
will increase, so the diameter of the sphere will increase, the spherical calotte wetted by poverty will be
smaller and the sphere (the nation) will move in the right direction. Basically, the secret and key to a
nation's success lies in the "vector of the size of its human personality ”.

On this model can be analyzed all states (nations) that can have forces with direction and the sense
in any of the eight quadrants of the action sphere of the nations (fig.4). As these spheres float on this
huge ocean, they can come across, interact, collide, all depending on their speeds and directions of travel
on this huge ocean called poverty.
All of these analyzes can be the subject of complex studies on each nation and can create strong
conclusions about the speed and direction of each nation to the most important goal of poverty
reduction.
The nations in this proposed model are like spherical vessels runned by a group of people (in a
democratic regime) or by a person or a limited number of people (dictatorial).
The nation's leadership is closely related to: the problems resulting from the hierarchy of human
needs; the dimensions of the human personality from the local to the global level; the reactions
manifested as a result of the failure to meet the human needs, starting from the dimensions of the human
personality of the group; actions that must be achieved by decision-makers (the political factor) to
achieve targets (in our case the fulfillment of the 17 SGDs); the trans (-regional, national, ...) and
transcultural integration of human activities (economic and political activities) and non-human.
A transition is defined (Grin, J and all 2010) as a "radical transformation towards a sustainable
society in response to a series of persistent problems which modern contemporary societies are facing
with."

26
 As such, there must be identified the persistent problems, which may be of a socio-economic
nature, of a political nature or even problems of human personality dimension of that nation.
All these persistent problems should be the subject of transition research in all key fields (usually
20% of the fields create 80% of the problems), such as: innovations in the socio-technical field,
sustainability in various communities, social structure, environmental issues, etc. Research should focus
on the actors in each field, and especially the links between these.
The capacity of each nation to identify persistent problems depends on the actual actors in each
field, their political orientation, temperament, aptitude, character, intelligence and their creativity. Can
the UNO influence these capabilities? And if so, how? We do not even hope for such a possibility.
Once these persistent problems in a society have been identified, actors must urgently make a
radical transformation towards a sustainable society.
Does each nation have such actors? Are they motivated? Do they have the necessary training for
such a situation where they will be put in? Do they have the character and the intelligence of a step back
for another more prepared and competent actor for these great steps?
Often, every single nation has no answer to these questions, even more it can not have such UNO
responses.
We also need to be aware that at the planetary level, certain nations have become actors in all
areas, political, economic and social, which have decisive influences on each nation, whether positive or
negative.
The United States is an actor to be feared, where the election (Jean Michel Baer 2017) of Donald
Trump ,,was nothing more than the revenge of the politics on economic rationality. Most voters said no
to the traditional system, while the economic growth was yet re-started two years ago in the United
States, and the unemployment rate has dropped very much, with 4.6% of the population."
China, another actor who may soon overcome the USA in the economic field, has set two goals
that seem to be totally contradictory for the democratic countries: economic growth and getting the
population out from poverty, and also the maintenance of the total control of the people by the
Communist Party.
Other actors that can not be neglected are: India, Japan, Latin America, Africa, Middle East.
The punts of these actors at the planetary level plays also a role: refugees and migration, energy
and climate change, terrorism, cyber security etc.
The influence of these planetary actors, in the model presented in Chapter 3, manifests itself as
undeniable external forces over the spheres (nations) floating on an ocean of problems.

27
 Thus, if this proposed model is relevant to the current state of transition, we can say that the
eradication of poverty is not possible, but only its reduction, the causes, the course and the consequences
of the development or the impoverishment of local, regional and / or national are nowhere else than in
the interior of every nation. The formal and / or informal actors of these nations are the only ones which
can change the course of the nation, man and actors are the universal cause of everything that is good
and bad on earth and the main resource of transition or non-transition to something, sometimes.
This "model of analysis of the causes, the course and the consequences of the development or the
impoverishment of local, regional and nation or global" can be found in the basics of "social
mechanics". According to Auguste Comte (Angele Kremer Marietti 2006),, society can be known
through empirical observations, and these allow inferences about a dynamic that respects laws, just like
nature. The knowledge that results from observations is valid only if it is verified, and this means that
there is a unit of scientific method in both the natural sciences and the social ones".
So if there are laws for society, it means that social phenomena can be both explained and
predictable, that is to say a rationalist perspective that can only be tempting for a scientist and, at the
same time, be a social reformer.
Thus, we can think that principles I, II and III of Newton's mechanics may also be valid in "social
mechanics":
Principle I: The society stands if it does not receive an impulse and will ,,skid” if you do not put a
"wall" in front of it. It is also useless to pull it in one direction if someone with the same force pulls it in
another: the mass of people will remain standstill;
Principle II: The strength of human society is the product between the number of the individuals
who make up the people mass and the acceleration with whom they answer (that is to say, they are
acting);
Principle III: If someone "acts" on society with an action force, then it will receive from it a
reaction force of the same size and direction, but on the opposite side.
In figure 7 of this model, we did not introduce the political forces F3,4,5 on the one hand to not
complicate the scheme and on the other hand because the 17 SGDs does not take these forces into
account, as explained above.
It is obvious that the introduction of this political force into the analysis can completely change the
conclusions of the analysis. This means that to foresee some of the socio-economic objectives, due to
the fact that globalization includes only the economies and not the politics, means that these goals are
doomed to failure ever since the enunciation phase.

28
 As it can be observed, the model presented is based on spherical representations that help analyze
the nations in terms of their evolution / involution. Representation through the pyramids does not say
anything to anyone, it only helps with general information, and on the other hand the "sphere" has a
practical connotation, often used: the economic sphere, the political sphere, etc.
This mechanistic model of the world was presented only to highlight the existence of two
typologies of random variables, which characterize those who need to achieve the transition to the
fulfillment of the 17 SGDs: the dimension of the human personality (X1 Temperament, X2- Attitude,
X3 Character, X4- Intelligence and X5- Creativity) and human needs (Y1 - need for survival, Y2 -
personal safety and security, Y3 Social needs of belonging, Y4 - social recognition needs, Y5 personal
development - self-realization).
Within each typology, over time, there have been identified 5 relevant variables that together
define a state of the individual, region, nation or world: human personality dimension (HPD) and human
needs (HN), each state being conceptualized as a separate dimension.
We will quantify the correspondence between the typologies of a human group (local, regional,
national)- HPD and the overall material state of this group – HN, by an arrow, that is  x⋲(X1, X2, X3,
X4, X5) it will correspond to one y ⋲(Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5).
This arrow, mathematically speaking, is a two-dimensional random vector (X,Y) of the discrete
type, whose attached distribution function is F:R20,1, defined by F(x,y) = P(X≤x, Y≤y)  (x, y)
⋲R2.
If this function is the probability of an individual, a group, a nation of a certain size of human
personality X ⋲(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) to succeed to ensure human needs Y ⋲(Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5) in
accordance with the 2030 agenda and even more (also fulfilling the superior levels of the Maslow
pyramid), means that this function F(x,y) is precisely the SUCCES function, L being the point of
inflection from failure to success, but also the transition from success to failure. Or, success is the result
of probable iterative compromises, at many likely probable, internal and external interactions, for the
probable purpose to ensure the probable human needs.
It should be noted that this success occurs only if there is a choice of the individual, the group of
people by a certain DHP, to meet certain human needs HN. Only this choice allows local, regional,
national or global development.
This choice depends on the level of DHP (low-high), a level which largely depends on education,
education being the only one that changes or modifies the order of the five dimensions of human
personality in the typology of a group.

29
 Through this graph we are inducing the assumption (which may even be reality) that an
amorphous - nonchalantly type can have an impressive wealth, while a passionate and active type is
poor, an active type can also be extremely rich. Those who are rich are not always the best, but those
who are compatible with the state, the existing situation.
We also assume that a group, a region, a nation of a certain DHP (typology of the dimension of
human personality) can fulfill or not the human needs-HN (related to the 2030 agenda and even more).
To every typology I have foreseen a segmentation from low level to high, which is based on the
fact that a lower or higher value of a relevant variable will have a different impact on the behavior of the
system. Also, the arrow has a foreseen "L" point that signifies the point (outcome) to which the system
is affected qualitatively, that is to say, an inflection point, which may be a transition from failure to
success or vice versa (failure).

Figure 8. The relationship between the two typologies of random variables DHP and HN

I have to remark that in the moment when a project has been implemented in a locality, or a region
(a transition took place), that is to say, the point L (result) has been reached, researchers appear
immediately and try to explain the nature of this result through various analytical inquiries and to induce
the hope that agenda 2030 can be achieved.
These researchers must overcome the itself analysis of the technical process, try to find out what
determined the choice of that group of people to do that project, which is the component, or the most
important components of the human personality dimension of that group that determined that choice of
the goals and means that led to the implementation of that project.
This model (fig.8) is not a mechanistic model, nor a biological one, it transcends to another
dimension, which has roots in the biological model of analysis of a society. We know that "DNA, or
deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains our entire genetic code, all the instructions (genes)
related to the generation of proteins that allow us to live, plus genes that determine the shape, structure
and color of each part of our body". Can we say, on the same model, that DHP - the size of the human
personality formed by the relevant variables X1-the temperament, X2- the aptitude, X3-the character, X4-
30
the intelligence and X5- the creativity, is the Cultural Ethical Code of a group of people, be it local,
regional or national? If so, then DHP is the DNA of the social system. Can we make abstraction of this
Cultural Ethical Code when discussing the transition from the current state to the fulfillment of the 17
SDG? We have to ask ourselves the questions: how can we identify the transition at the cities level?
What does these transitions involve? or our research concerns must be appropriate to the socio-cultural
system in which we live, which is totally different from the biological system we have been analyzing
for hundreds of years ?!

31
Chapter 5. The context of the transition
The essential preoccupations of mankind over three thousand years of existence can be
summarized in: famine, disease and violence (war). Faith transmitted from generation to generation,
then the emergence and development of new technologies, social systems or institutions at state or
continent level, none of this has helped eliminate the causes of poverty, epidemics or violence.
The development of trade and crafts, the flourishing of cities, the development of the bourgeoisie,
the great geographic discoveries and the emergence of the printing press made possible the emergence
of a social-cultural movement called humanism, a powerful movement against the fanaticism and
docmatism of Middle Ages, a movement that unfolded along 4 centuries (cent. 14-17). Although the
essential features of this socio-cultural movement (man is the measure of all things, the trust in reason,
admiration to the values of Greek-Latin antiquity, the nature considered a model of art, anticlericalism,
man is multilateral, freedom, dignity and perfection of human being) have made every nation have or
not promoters and actors of humanism, the three preoccupations of the world - famine, epidemics and
wars - have not disappeared.
In the 17th to 18th centuries in Europe, a philosophical stream called classical liberalism (Ralph
Raico 2010) appears, which starts from the idea that every human being has, through birth, natural rights
which no power can impietate, namely: the right to life , freedom and property. Then in the 20th century
it appears to be popular, social liberalism, neoliberalism (Russell Hardin 1999) as an expression of
seeking solutions to the problems generated by the great crisis of 1929-1933. It develops then, political
liberalism, as a doctrine aimed at reducing the powers of the state to the protection of individual rights
and freedoms, opposing the idea of a "providential state". Individuals are free to pursue their own
interests as long as they do not affect the rights and freedoms of others. It follows the development of
economic liberalism as a doctrine proclaiming free competition on the market, non-intervention of the
state in the economy and having as a fundamental principle individual property.
Although there are different views on liberalism among different nations, and although man has
natural rights that no power can impietate, such as the right to life, he dies of hunger or epidemic, or as a
result of local, regional, national and sometimes planetary violences.
In the last century, technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and economic and political
developments have made it possible for the "planetary ocean of poverty" to have a depth which is
enough deep, but not so deep that the biological threshold of poverty to comprise a very large population
on the globe. Yuval Noah Harari in his book Homo deus - A Brief History of the Future, state: ,,Famine
in mass still hits certain areas from time to time, but these situations are an exception and are generally

32
caused by human policy rather than natural catastrophes. There is no more natural famine in the world;
there is only political famine ".
I would like to fill in the words of Y. Harari, in the sense that there is only famine of the size of
the human personality of the group in a socio-economic context and planetary politic.
There are other abnormalities, as Yuval Noah Harari says in his book Homo deus - The Short
History of the Future, such as ,,that in 2010, famine and malnutrition killed about one million people,
while obesity killed three million”, ,, In 2012, around 56 million people died in the world; 620,000
people died of human violence (the war killed 120,000 people and another 500,000 were assassinated).
Instead, 800,000 committed suicide and 1.5 million died of diabetes”.
As if it were a symmetry created by someone, after four more centuries it seems that liberalism
and especially liberal humanism begin to lose ground. Scientific discoveries and technological advances,
the same Y.N Harari states, are about to divide ,, humanity in a mass of useless people and an elite of
upgraded supermen”.
In this case, individualism, the liberal concept according to which individuals and not groups, are
the true essence of society, the individual and not the masses make history, remains meaningless. People
will continue to have fundamental values and authority only at the mass level, while only some will be
indispensable, from a narrow elite, but upgraded. It is understandable what will happen to the other
values of liberalism: freedom and equality. These values will be forgotten definitively.
If in 2013 David Broks spoke of Dataism (Brooks, David 2013) to describe the philosophy created
by the emergence of Big Data, now Dataism tends to become a religion (Yuval Noah Harari 2018) who
wants to establish what is good and what is bad.
The fact that technology is evolving so quickly, local, regional or national parliaments are
overcome by the information flowing through all channels and from all relevant directions and can no
longer create possible policies, visions of the development and / or the eradication of persistent
problems at the level of their nations. Governments are also overcome and they are only administering,
and sometimes not at the maximum necessary level for their nation.
Also nor "theory of conspiracy", according to which a few billionaires ,,do and undo” the present
and the future of mankind, is no longer valid. I do not think these billionaires can understand all the
mechanisms around the globe, but also to monitor, control and administer. They can make billions of
dollars, but they can not eradicate poverty, even if they propose it at the price of distributing their own
wealth. Many poor people can become rich and "tomorrow will be again poor", wealth means most

33
often education. Also, they can not stop global warming, and the ocean of "poverty" is also a
determining cause of global warming. How will they dry this ocean of poverty?
After the 21st century is the beginning of a new period in the history of mankind, when liberalism
loses power, vivacity, support and power, and a new socio-economic and political movement will take
its place, be it Dataism, the persistent problems faced by society must be reconsidered, or maybe even
the problems that society will face under the conditions of this modern and contemporary society. The
characteristics of the new sustainable society must also be analyzed. Are the former criteria and features
,,dreamed of mankind” still valid for a sustainable development (development that meets the needs of
today's generations without prejudicing the interests of future generations)?
In this context of changing the socio-economic and political system, a new definition of
transition is required. I propose completing the definition for transition, so it can become: "the radical
transformation towards a sustainable society in response to the persistent problems which
contemporary modern societies are facing, through the upgrading of the multi-actor, multi-level, multi-
national system provided that regional and national responsibilities and the upgrading of the human
personality dimension of the group through education are preserved".
Y. N Harari, in his above-mentioned book, signals three interconnected processes that will eclipse
problems and events at the planetary level, if it is about life on a large scale, as follows:
a) ,,Science converges to an all-encompassing dogma, according to which organisms are
algorithms, and life means data processing;
b) Intelligence is disengaged from consciousnes;
c) Non-conscious algorithms, but particularly intelligent may soon know us better than we know
ourselves.”
All these processes, I believe, are capable of supporting the transition if they are taken into
account by all actors at all levels and nations.

34
Chapter 6. Analysis of the actors and their roles from the perspective of transition
The current world scene is occupied by new social actors, who are not representing the individual,
by real generators of the changes that society faces. These various and everywhere actors, with often
opposed interests and motivations, give rise to simultaneous, uncontrolled, autonomous processes in
terms of formation, but common in manifestation, leading to the emergence of socio-economic forces
F1,2 and political forces F3,4,5. This result as a complex fabric of trends and factors generates change, but
through its effect, the change can lead to consolidation or blockage of the transition. Both the actors that
generate the processes that support the transition and the actors, whether or not aware of their actions by
blocking the transition, generally use the same kind of resources: political power, economic force,
science, technology, producer pressures, consumer pressures, fears related to changes, innovations, etc.
One of the key processes to be considered in the analysis of actors and their roles in transition is
economic globalization, which is defined as a process of integrating economies across national
boundaries, resulting in their transformation into "regions of the world economy". The actors behind this
process have made other actors whose interests are satisfied to join, such as consumer goods producers,
but also actors opposed to the unification of economies, whose interests are not met. It is about actors
who are representing consumers and they fight for fragmentation and localization.
Unblocking the unification of the fragmentation reflects the lack of collaboration of various actors
promoting one or another trend, thus highlighting one of the weaknesses of contemporary society.
The decoupling of the two trends is emphasized locally, regionally or nationally, and by the fact
that globalization only targets the economy, not politics.
This process of globalization, through its structure and especially its manifestation can not be
considered as a totally a process of transition.
Thus, the actors and their role in the transition process is to play the piece taking into account the
realities of the present, the scene on which other processes are taking place, with other punts, so that the
transition process has a speed and acceleration to reach its destination at the right time.
In this context of socio-economic and political processes in a world in which information creates
the path to power, prestige and well-being, whether we call it "Dataism" or "Knowledge Society," we
must agree that the new and the most important social actors of the transition must be the elites that
create the information, namely the Elites of Research. The main resource of the post-industrial society
or post-liberalism must be its scientific staff. The distribution of this resource by sectors: governance,
universities - research institutes, industry and functions: education, research, production, is the point of
triggering (of choosing) the acceleration of the transition process.

35
 These actors will, in general, be different from those of globalization, and will act on the basis of
interests and motivations linked primarily to the specifics of their training and occupation. The strength
of these actors is based on the capacity to produce intensive cognitive innovation (Ion Glodeanu 2004)
and carriers of high-tech, their weakness being in the very nature of their work - the specialization that
leads to the fragmentation of the unitary process of "cognitive innovation".
Although they are the most important actors of transition, they are dependent on the institutions
they work in, whether political affiliated or not, where their agenda may also depend on the morality or
lack of morality of actors of other processes with other interests and punts.
In order to limit or eliminate this dependence, actors (research elites) working in institutions of
national interest must regulate the field of transition ethics: ethics axiology (what processes are in the
interest of transition and what are the processes, problems which brakes or stops the transition) ; ethical
deontology (the obligations and duties of transition actors); phenomenology of ethics (morality in socio-
economic and political terms of transition processes); professional ethics, etc.
In the circumstances the peoples no longer feel represented by politicians, and here I only
remember a few:
a) 61% of Americans say that no political party reflects their opinions today (The guardian 2016);
b) In the UK, since the 1850s, the Liberals and Conservatives have been the two major parties that
fought for political supremacy in Britain's bilateral system. The failure of conservatives in 2010
to achieve a general majority meant for the first time in 65 years that Britain would be
governed by a coalition (BBC 2010);
c) In France, 87% of the French do not feel listened to. Only 11% trust political parties, 23%
believe the media are trustworthy, and 28% trust the trade unions, while the army enjoys a 74%
trust rating, the police 68%, the school 67% and the associations 65% (Lefigaro 2014);
d) In Germany, many young people do not feel represented by parties. Only 8% believe that
politicians take care of the wishes of young people. One in four (24%) can not find their
interests and attitudes in any party, but they are represented by CDU / CSU (18%), SPD (12%)
and Grunen (11%) (Sueddeutsche 2009).
The problem is what has happened.
We can believe and / or demonstrate that the "pyramid of human value" of political parties at the
level of the various nations has been vitiated of corrupted, paltry interests, various economic interests,
subversive actions of nations on other nations, espionage, etc. Thus, the vector of the dimension of

36
human value of political parties (the political force of a nation) may have different direction and

meaning than the socio-economic vector with adverse effects on a nation.

The political force through its action can change the order of the dimensions of the human value
(temperament, skills, character, intelligence, creativity) of society, determining social movements,
activating especially creativity to determine the political force to have the same direction and sense with
the social-economic force.
In these circumstances, can political force be an actor of transition or non-transition ?!
The explanation is closely related to an implicit question: can political parties make the difference
between data, information and knowledge? The three elements underlying creation of the new and most
important social actors of the transition can be described as follows: The data come from the actual
measurement of one or more socio-economic and even political variables; Information is data structured
in a certain way, placed in a certain context with a certain meaning, finally giving the state of the socio-
economic and political system; Knowledge is much more, because it involves understanding processes,
creating causal associations that lead to prescriptive predictions and decisions.
The political forces that make a difference between these characteristic features of this period:
data, information, knowledge can be suspected of being able to be actors of transition, but now we have
no surety that they meet this condition, taking into account the population's trust in political parties .
Can these political forces be excluded from the transition scene?! This means it will hit directly
into one of the essential pillars of democracy: pluripartidism. Thus, a form of direct democracy must be
experienced, whereby all citizens will periodically discuss the problems of the "citadel" and make joint
decisions, as they were used in antiquity, in Athens, but in an upgraded form to today's technology.
In the idea that the political forces are overcome by the data, information and knowledge
necessary for the realization of a beneficial action for society, "the non-conscious, but especially
intelligent algorithms" know us, sooner beter than we know ourselves, arises the possibility of the
disappearing of political parties and the rethinking of a new social system and redefining the concept of
democracy. Even if this assumption seems absurd now, it must be taken as a possibility.
Defining a new social system with a new type of democracy that makes the transition much easier,
I think it can be done by upgrading the multi-actor, multi-level, multi-national system provided that
regional and national responsibilities are preserved and upgrading the human personality dimension
through education.

37
 Research elites do not emerge from nothing, they must be "born" from an education system that
must respond primarily to the demands of the future, by future understanding the approach of all the
social, economic and legal components that a nation needs to strengthen in the conditions of an
increasingly advanced technology. Thus, the first important actor in transition becomes the university
elites, those that generate high-level education.
University elites and research elites are generic actors and they must be relocated into groups by
regions (multi-level) so that the scientific resource can be divided into sectors (industry, agriculture,
services, governance etc.) and functions (production, research, education etc.).
The development of a society can not be the effect of a competition which oblige to an inorganic
evolution, but it is the consequence of an iterative project outlined by the internal needs of
modernization. Modernity is constantly relativized to the specific, internal, specific needs of this society.
This project of iterative modernization, outlining the internal needs of a community, can not be
achieved without the participation of community elites among its citizens. This "community elite" actor
can only appear by upgrading current concepts and mentalities.
The role of these generic actors is to play pieces with major impact of small scenes (local),
medium (regional), large (national or world), in societies such as smart economy; smart mobility; smart
environment relationship; smart governance; intelligent life; smart people. The scientific society is
called upon to rethink and reformulate the concept of economic development based on the relationship
between human activities and the natural environment.
In this millennium, I think it is time to get rid of the old rules that have worked well or not, and
new rules of the game have to be established to give the nation a new definition, a new operating
regulation, to establish new rules for the economy and all this only with elites.
As long as the system of representativeness will function, the leadership of the nations will be
characterized by the personality dimension of the human beings (of many) that constitute the local,
regional, national, continental, planetary communities and the transition will be characterized only by
local and often singular actions as a model for others.
Transition actors should be distributed on group roles: providing physiological needs; ensuring
safety needs; (love, belonging, esteem, fruition of their own capacities, etc.) and will have to "play" at
different levels (local, regional, national and global). Thus the generic role of the actors disappears with
their distribution on roles and levels, their role becoming active and determinant, for example: Regional
research center of human needs in the context of the transition to sustainable development; Agricultural

38
Students Association of Agriculture; Scientific Management Association; Association of Community
and Organizational Psychology; The Association for Sustainable Development of the Oltenia region etc.
Transitional movements towards a sustainable development have registered an increase starting in
2015, with the emergence of several networks of individual or group initiatives. These transition
movements have either an top-down approach, based on government action, or a bottom-up approach
based on community action.
Both approaches have not been very successful: the government initiatives either have not
connected with the interests of the public or have not had public, and community initiatives have had or
have limited resources and capabilities, but have become a topic of politically important discourse.
Such approaches of transition have an isolated character in the context of the high expectations of
the transition to sustainable development through the fulfillment of the 17 SGDs, as the four important
elements underpinning the formation of transition actors are lacking: data, information, knowledge and
the ability to choose. Once these elements are held by a group, the motivation to trigger the transition
immediately arises. If any of these elements are totally or partially missing, even in the context of
motivation, the transition may be slow or very difficult, or there may be a transition with objectives
other than the 17 SGDs.
I am convinced that the transition initiatives towards sustainable development will grow, there will
be model initiatives that will fill the pages of many articles and scientific books, but I am equally
convinced that these initiatives will not lead to the fulfillment of the 17 great goals, because they do not
have the mass character at the level of nations.
Unfortunately, for some states, or fortunately for others, the transition must be triggered at
government level (a hope for the ability to choose) by setting up a transition ministry whose
"resignation" has to be on the table since its formation, the duration of this ministry being directly
proportional to the incompetence of those who form it. This ministry is an "actor-cartridge" provided
with a minister as a capsule of priming, with personnel as an explosive material. Once the transition has
been triggered (the bullet has gone), the cartridge becomes useless.
The role of this "actor - cartridge" is to "to prime" the formation of data, information and
knowledge, and to "decentralize" the capacity to choose through research elites to initiate the formation
of research elites with the support of university elites and the formation of local, regional and national
actors.
In order to achieve these desired goals, the "actor-cartridge" must also finance these actions at
different times, in accordance with the objectives of each actor and his level of action.

39
 The formation of multi-level and multi-disciplinary actors can be effective through the creation of
national and / or European funding programs based on guidelines with specifications on each area of
interest and in accordance with the 17 SGDs.
These specifications should include: eligible forms of organization; eligible communities; eligible
activities; key allies; type of network, networks to be created; the type of eligible transition; the
modalities and intensity of the necessary dissemination; funded action plans; eligible consortia, etc.
The role of this ,,actor - cartridge"is not to come up with all the answers, but to act as a catalyst for
the local community, regional or national to design his own transition through choice and own iterative
projects.
The controlled triggering of the transition , the formation of actors at all levels through the top-
down approach with adequate funding will inevitably lead to actions that will create bottom-up socio-
economic and political forces that will have common goals determined by the commitments in projects
funded and assumed by each community. Thus, the prerequisites for achieving the objective of
sustainable development are created 17: ,, Strengthening the means of implementation and revitalize the
global partnership for sustainable development”.
Achieving this objective at every local, regional, national level as part of the global partnership
represents the foundation and the surety that the 3 levels of the Maslow Human Needs Pyramid, not
taken into account by Agenda 2030, have the chance to be satisfied, thus determining , the two forces
F1,2-socio-economic force and F3,4,5-the political force to have the same direction and sense, that is to
say, success.

40
Chapter 7. Prioritize sustainable development goals

Before talking about the prioritization of sustainable development goals, it may be worth to
remember what Frank W Geels from the University of Manchester and King Abdulaziz University
(Frank W Geels, 2012) says,,... the resistance and the resilience of coal, gas, and nuclear energy
production regimes at the moment cancel out the benefits obtained from the increasing rate of using the
renewable energy sources. Moreover, it suggests that policy makers and many transition researchers
have too much hopes that "green" innovation will be enough to bring transitions with low-carbon
emissions”.
If FWGels's statement is true, and I think it is real, it means that before prioritizing SGDs, the
most important brake must be removed, as outlined above, through creative destabilization and
discouragement of all activities dependent on fossil fuels . This is the answer to the question: What is the
objective with which the transition should begin?
As long as current actors use power (authority, money, access to media, staff, capabilities) and
policy to resist fundamental transitions to new low-carbon systems, it can be concluded that in fact to
prioritize SGDs the actors of the transition must be first redefined, legislated and trained.
These actors must have three essential elements, elements that are legislated and created by the
"actor-cartridge ": long-term vision, evidence-based planning, medium-term budgetary framework
correlated with national planning and vision.
The government of any nation, through the Ministry of Transition, also called the "actor-
cartridge", must prioritize and have as a primary mission to prioritize the following sustainable
development goals:
- Sustainable Development Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all;
- Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all;
- Sustainable Development Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern
energy for all;
- Sustainable Development Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation;
- Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably using of the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development;

41
 - Sustainable Development Goal 16: Promote peaceful and righteous societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels.
The other sustainable development objectives must be prioritized and achieved locally, regionally
and by cumulative effects at each level, these objectives are practically implicitly resolved at national
level.
When prioritizing and achieving the various objectives, perhaps Pareto's principle (in the absence
of another feasible mechanism) should be used, namely that 20% of the actions create 80% of the
effects. This principle was used in my work in the construction and operation of hydropower plants and
then in entrepreneurship and always yielded results. In other words, the transition actors, after
identifying and realizing the 20% actions that create the 80% of the effects, they identify another 20% of
the remaining work, which must to be done, with 80% effects, and so on until the SGD in question is
achieved.
This prioritization is necessary due to the complexity, sometimes uncontrollable, of the
problematic of the transition and the need to achieve simplicity that allows focus on relevant issues.
The principles for choosing those 20% actions that have 80% effects are, or must be:
- The actions are those that need to be done and not the ones to be avoided;
- Actions should be realistic and motivating for the next actions which must to be done within a
particular SGD;
- Actions to be be done directly by the community, or the actors for which the prioritized goals are
done;
- Permanently the 20% actions are actions on whose success depends the following actions;
- Each action to have the possibility to be evaluated;
- The actions for eliminating the risks should not be missing and must have a corresponding
budget on a permanent basis.
Will these actors succeed, whether they are very competent and very loyal to the idea of transition,
in doing everything so that socio-economic and political forces have the same direction and sense, the
dimensions of the human personality at their local, regional and / or national level (temperament, skills,
character, intelligence, creativity) to be put at the service of the transition ?!
Can they, these actors, process, in a short time, so much economic, political, technical
informarions about temperament, skills and, last but not least, intelligence and creativity so that they
have the best team, have the best information and these always in changing ?!

42
 If they can not do this, it means that the transition and fulfillment of the 17 SGDs can not take
place. If so, it means that science has proven that "organisms are algorithms," and life has become "data
processing." Moreover, "non-conscious, but intelligent algorithms have been able to demonstrate that
they know much more and better than the actors of transition," and all this is happening in a new
society, a society of knowledge (dataism).
The above statement is also reinforced by the fact that each level of action of these actors of
transition: local, regional, national, world, is a non-linear dynamic system with aperiodic behavior. We
know that ,, A dynamic system can be defined as a simplified model for the time-varying behavior of a
real system, and aperiodic behavior is simply the behavior that occurs when no variable describing the
state of the system is characterized by the regular repetition of values”.
In 1960, scientist Edward Lorenz formulated for the first time Theory of Chaos. Danahue MJ in
"An Introduction to Mathematical Chaos Theory and Fractal Geometry", says that ,,the theory of chaos
is the qualitative study of unstable aperiodic behavior in nonlinear determinant dynamic systems’’.
Then we and the transition actors accustomed to a world that is limited to the easy and logical
linearity of all things we will be able to study "non-linear systems with aperiodic behavior" ?! I mean,
can we act in chaos ?! Definitely yes, if we use the latest technology, that is to say, we will become so
dependent on technology, algorithms, big data and artificial intelligence that we will turn into a kind of
super beings.
It is prefigured that large goals, such as those of Agenda 2030, can be met if we start having
another vision about the world which is no longer staying in the political reaction force, in human
abilities, attitude and / or intelligence, but another world that has another structure, other democratic
values. Will we be able to accept these necessary changes ?!
On the other hand, we have to realize that if the definition of chaos is the one given by Danahue,
and it is accepted unanimously, it means I, you and all the earthlings, since we become aware of our
presence on earth, we live in chaos. It's our linear life, is there something in life that repeats itself ?! In
this situation, we should nuance this chaos through various units of measure, indicators, etc.

43
Chapter 8. Transition and chaos

I was saying in chapter 3 that there are two typologies of random variables that characterize those
who need to make the transition to the fulfillment of the 17 SGDs: the dimension of human personality
and human needs and that the triggering of the transition can take place if that social group has the
capacity to choose . I emphasize that this ability to choose is determined by how the 5 relevant variables
of the human personality dimension of the social group are compatible with the transition and that this
compatibility depends on the education of the members of this social group.
In general, we can associate any social group, that we claim it should be involved in the transition
as an actor or under the coordination of formal or informal actors, to a representation as in Figure 9,
where the group can only be understood in the context of its natural environment.

Figure 9 The state of a social group in its natural environment

Every individual has a certain level of comfort within the family, in the group in which he lives
and works, in the country where he lives. These individuals form different relationships with each other,
creating an interactive link (structure), in the end a social group. This social group creates a certain area
of personal or group comfort. This social group can be delighted with the beautiful ideas and the 17
sustainable development objectives that are the subject of the 2030 Agenda, and with arguments, but as
the involvement in actions approaches, insecurity is installing, doubts about a multitude of variables
uncontrollable, or even the ones he considers controllable.

44
 This area of comfort depends on several factors: the predominant nature of the human personality
dimension, the education received, the desire to educate individuals, etc. what together represent the
Cultural Code of Ethics (The social cultural DNA) of the social group, the interactions with the
controllable variables and especially the uncontrollable variables in their natural environment.
As the volume of these controllable variables increases, the area of comfort is also reduced, that
can have a positive effect in the sense that it triggers the choice to transition, or a negative effect by
manifesting dissatisfaction and actions towards other entities (conflict) that become its enemy. But the
members of this group, as a result of their internal and external interactions (in their natural
environment), can educated themselves, mature themselves and then they can be subjected to change.
The limit of these controllable variables is determined by the ability of the group to manage them,
so the limit of the controllable variables approaches or departs from the comfort zone or lead to reducing
it. Furthermore, to the volume of these controllable variables is added a bigger or smaller volume of
uncontrollable, predictable or unpredictable variables.
Beyond the area of controllable variables, even to those uncontrollable but predictable variables,
the perception is that chaos begins: nonlinear and aperiodic manifestations of phenomena. The more
understanding of these predictable but uncontrollable phenomena becomes possible, the more the
perception of chaos disappears. The understanding or misunderstanding of these controllable, or
uncontrollable but predictable variables is the result of the socio-cultural DNA of the group.
In my view, the volume of these controllable variables, beyond the comfort zone and until the area
of the uncontrollable but predictable variables, is a precultural chaos, while the volume of uncontrollable
but predictable variables is a cultural chaos, the culture being the glasses that see beyond comfort zone.
The volume of uncontrollable and unpredictable variables is the area for researchers (scientists)
who have to put the instruments (crutches) in the hands of the transition actors to overcome all barriers
or perhaps special glasses to see through chaos. This space is a scientific chaos in my perception.
In this logic, it appears the triggering of the transition is determined by the size or the security of
the comfort zone of the social groups, and the transition path towards the fulfillment of the 17 SGDs is
unsafe, unpaved and without indicators, creating chaos as the time since triggering the transition is
increasing, reaching the destination being only the privilege of those well-trained and well-oriented.
It remains to be seen if those who wrote the regulation (agenda 2030) assume the lower or higher
risks, or abandon this regulation on the road, changing it on the go, making it a bad one, or the
regulation will be rewritten by participants, demonstrating their ingenuity, their cohesion, their comfort
zone not longer being able to be at the discretion of the world's lords or the generalized illiteracy.

45
Chapter 9. CONCLUSIONS

 The implementation of Agenda 2030 is based on a new Revitalized Global Partnership. As this
partnership has minimal chances to be realized as it has been designed, Agenda 2030 has low
chances, to zero, to be fulfilled. The results of meeting the 17 objectives will be partial and
sporadic; This agenda will be abandoned and they will put something else in place, bigger and
more inefficient;
 The objectives of Agenda 2030 only address the fulfillment of primary human needs as a result
of the globalization of the economy and not of the politics;
 In my opinion, Goal 1 of Agenda 2030 should be the planetary education, but education to start
from bottom-up, through the concern of the state as enactment and in local and regional
competence; Education will be the one that triggers transition simultaneously from areas
subjected to education;
 Transition is an emerging phenomenon and cannot be studied through analytical tools. More
researchers should act as actors of transition, not as eyewitnesses;
 The transition is necessary, but it is done on a "unpaved road", without indicators and with
inappropriate means of transport, without well-trained leaders, with risks which are not
assumed of anyone and no guarantee that it will reach somewhere;
 I have the certainty that a true transition can only be in the hands of university elites, research
elites who do not have the agenda written by dictation of politicians. Exiting the comfort zone
of these elites is necessary to create the tools necessary to cross the chaos of all kinds: culture,
legislation, corruption, etc.;
 The exit from the comfort zone of the elites is made by the decision to choose not to study the
transition but to be an actor of it. The elite of a nation is not a component of it as a biology
system, as it is often said that the elites are the brain. In my opinion the elites represent the
spirit of a nation or of the world, they have to enliven the biological systems, as the brain can
not act as a spirit, they enliven, without which there is no life, there is no movement, no
development.

46
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