15, 16, uy. 18, 19, 20. a. In hydrocarbon molecules, even those with double oF ple bonds, a carbon atom alwaye has exactly 4 bonds. Each carbon atom in the hydrocarbon molecules shown jin Exhibit 1 has ‘bonds, Each hydrogen atom has. ond. In forming molecules, each carbon atom must have 4 bonds and each hydrogen atom must have 1 bond, ue wth The aa nthe dnram Chavo nt av) Oe aes wht, i ‘The atoms in this diagram (have/do not ha ight number of bonds ) the ‘As crude oll comes from the ground, it is a mixture ‘of many kinds of molecules. ‘In this form it is not very useful. However, through refining itis separated into varfous products, or fractions. Each fraction has a specific lise and can be sold for that use, ‘The fraction which is sold for use as car fuel is One method of separating erude oil into is eallod distillation or fractionation. ‘Since distilation or fractionation does not involve the breaking or forming of molecules, the separation of erude oil into fractions by distillation (isvis not) a ‘chemical reaction, ‘Very larue hydrocarbon molecules have a limited use- fulness. By means of a chemical reaction called oracking they ean be broken down. into ‘molecules, whieh aro more useful. Breaking large, complex hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules is called. tay ao not have have gasoline fractions smaller cracking