Question text

Which of the following things happens when you perspire while exercising?

Select one:
a. Your hormone decreases
b. Your body takes in air
c. Oil is removed from the surface of your skin
d. Your body gives off excess heat

A considerable amount of heat energy is needed to turn a ram of water (in the form of
sweat) to a gram of water vapor. So, each molecule of water that evaporates and leaves the
skin carries heat energy with it. Thus, evaporation of perspiration helps rid the body of
excess heat. This is called evaporative cooling.
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The correct answer is: Your body gives off excess heat

Question text

The Pyramid of energy is best described as:

Select one:
a. The top of the pyramid consists of the producers which are the supplier of most the most
energy.
b. The top of the pyramid is composed of the highest consumers who need the most
energy.
c. The base of the pyramid is composed of the highest consumers needing the most
energy.
d. The base of the pyramid consists of producers which supply the most energy

The base consists of the producers that supply the most energy. As one moves up the
pyramid, energy is lost. Found at the top are the highest consumers who have lost energy
from the pyramid in the form of heat and unavailable chemical energy.
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The correct answer is: The base of the pyramid consists of producers which supply the
most energy

Question text

Muscles may be controlled or may contract even without conscious thought. Which of the
following muscle groups are considered involuntary?
Select one:
a. Smooth
b. Smooth and Cardiac

Both smooth and cardiac are not controlled by thought but by autonomic system. Skeletal
muscles are attached to the bones and are controlled by an individual consciously.

c. Skeletal and Cardiac

d. Skeletal
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The correct answer is: Smooth and Cardiac

Question text

All of the following animals are mammal, aside from:

Select one:
a. Shark

The shark is a fish, being a member of the class Pisces. All the others are members of the
class Mammalia – they are warm blooded and they give birth to their young.

b. Seal
c. Giant whale

d. Walrus
Feedback

The correct answer is: Shark

Question text

Which of the following statements accurately explains how trees prevent floods?

Select one:
a. Their roots help absorb excess water
b. Excessive water are stored in their stems
c. Their roots bind the soil

The roots of trees grow into the soil and attach to the soil particles, helping to hold the soil
together. When forests are cut down, the soil is not held together and is washed away by
the action of running water. With the loss of topsoil, which normally acts as a spongy layer,
the water runs off in large amounts, causing floods.

d. Their leaves can store excess water

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The correct answer is: Their roots bind the soil

Question text

Among the different blood vessels, which receives the highest oxygen concentration?

Select one:
a. Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary vein has blood which comes from the lungs. In other instances, in the body,
arteries usually carry blood with more oxygen than the blood in the veins. This is not true in
the specific instances of (1) the pulmonary artery, carrying oxygen poor blood to the lungs
and (2) the pulmonary vein, returning oxygen-rich blood to the heart from the lungs. The
only consistent rule is arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins return blood to the
heart.

b. Renal vein
c. Pulmonary artery

d. Aorta
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The correct answer is: Pulmonary vein

Question text

A cell in the stems of an eggplant contains 20 chromosomes. After this cell divides, how
many chromosomes should each resulting daughter cell contain?

Select one:
a. 10
b. 20

A cell in the stem tip of a corn plant divides by mitosis. In mitosis, the daughter cell always
has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, whether the parent cell is haploid
(monoploid, 1N) or diploid (2N). A diploid parent cell produces diplod daughter cells; a
haploid parent cell produces haploid daughter cells. The cell in the stem tip of an eggplant
has 20 chromosomes, so through mitosis, its daughter cells will also have 20 chromosomes
each.
c. 50

d. 40
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The correct answer is: 20

Question text

Why do some marine fishes don’t survive in fresh water?

Select one:
a. Fresh water has a low oxygen concentration
b. Fresh water has a lower temperature
c. Fresh water lacks suitable food for the marine fishes
d. Marine fishes cannot maintain homeostatic water balance

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain an internal stability by

coordinated responses of its organ system that automatically compensate for environmental
changes. Marine fishes are adapted to a water environment in which there is a relatively
high concentration of salt. They are not able to survive in fresh water because they cannot
maintain homeostatic water balance.
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The correct answer is: Marine fishes cannot maintain homeostatic water balance

Question text

A researcher obtained a sample of matter from the deep ocean. Which of the following
would cause the researcher to suspect that the matter was from a living tissue?

Select one:
a. A change in the temperature of the sample
b. The presence of DNA and enzyme in the sample

DNA and enzymes are products of organisms. The changes specified in the other options
could occur in nonliving or even inorganic materials.

c. The sample releases gases

d. When exposed to air, the sample changed in color

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The correct answer is: The presence of DNA and enzyme in the sample

Question text

This relationship best describes a protozoan which causes malaria in a human host:

Select one:
a. Parasitism

Parasitism is a symbiotic association of to kinds of organisms in which the parasite is

benefited while the host is usually harmed.

b. Mutualism
c. Predation

d. Commensalism
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The correct answer is: Parasitism

Question text

In a residential backyard, there could be flowers, grasshoppers, grasses, dragonflies,

worms and ants. Collectively, these organisms represent which of the following?

Select one:
a. Tissue
b. Habitat
c. Population
d. Community

A community refers to the population of different species living in a particular habitat and
interacting with each other.
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The correct answer is: Community

Question text

The breathing rate is increased by an increase in the content of:

Select one:
a. Oxygen
b. Carbon dioxide

An increased in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood stimulates the cells of the
medulla to send impulses to the diaphragm and the rib muscles, causing them to contract
and expand more rapidly. The breathing rate then increases.

c. Nitrogen

d. Water vapor
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The correct answer is: Carbon dioxide

Question text

Anchor sites for muscles and production of blood cells are some of the functions of our:

Select one:
a. Cartilage
b. Bones

Muscles are attached to the bones and RBCs are made in the red marrow of flat and long
bones.

c. Skin

d. Ligaments
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The correct answer is: Bones

Question text

The digestive tube is composed of how many openings?

Select one:
a. Six
b. Four
c. Three
d. Two

The digestive process always starts in the mouth which is an opening for the digestive tube.
Digested food enters the blood stream fro absorption into the body while
undigested foodleaves the small intestine and enters the colon, or the large intestine, for
waste elimination from the body.
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The correct answer is: Two

Question text

Arthropodes which has many legs are termed as:

Select one:
a. Diplopods

Diplopoda have two pairs of legs per segment and they can have as many as 100
segments. Chilopoda have only a pair of legs per segment and can only be a few
centimeters long.

b. Icopoda
c. Chilopoda

d. Myriapods
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The correct answer is: Diplopods

Question text

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment is known as:

Select one:
a. Niche
b. Ecosystem

Ecosystem is a relatively self-contained, dynamic system composed of a natural community

along with its physical environment. The concept, first developed in the 1920s and 1930s,
takes into account the complex interactions between the organisms – plants, animals,
bacteria and fungi – that make up the community and the flows of energy and matter
through it.

c. Habitat

d. Environment
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The correct answer is: Ecosystem

Question text

A _____ is composed of all the members of a single species inhabiting a given location.

Select one:
a. Ecosystem
b. Food chain
c. Population

The functional units of an ecosystem are the populations of organisms through which
energy and nutrients move. A population is a group of interbreeding organisms of the same
kind (a species) living in the same place at the same time. Groups of populations within an
ecosystem interact in various ways. These interdependent populations of plants and
animals make up the community, which encompasses the biotic portion of the ecosystem.

d. Niche
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The correct answer is: Population

Question text

Which of the following is considered as a natural ecosystem?

Select one:
a. Garbage
b. Coral reef

A coral reef is a ridge or elevated part of a relatively shallow area of the seafloor,
approaching the sea’s surface. It is formed by a rocklike accumulation of calceous (calcium-
containing) exoskeletons of coral animals, calcareous red algae and mollusks.

c. Aquarium

d. Terrarium
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The correct answer is: Coral reef

Question text

Which of the following relationships can be observed among grasses and vegetables in a
garden?

Select one:
a. Competition

Competition is the interaction among organisms seeking a common resource such

as food or light which is in limited supply in the area occupied by the community. Grasses
and vegetables in a garden for example, compete for soil nutrients and sunlight.

b. Mutualism
c. Parasitism

d. Commensalism
Feedback

The correct answer is: Competition

Question text

The part of the plant cell that captures the light energy needed in photosynthesis is which of
the following?

Select one:
a. Cytoplast
b. Chlorophyll

The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by pigments. Chlorophyll is the
most important of these because it is essential for the process. It captures light energy in
the violet and red portions of the spectrum and transforms it into chemical energy through a
series of reactions.

c. Nucleus

d. Stigmata
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The correct answer is: Chlorophyll

Question text

This is a rigid shell of the earth which is made up of plates containing the continents and
oceans:

Select one:
a. Stratosphere
b. Hydrosphere
c. Lithosphere

Lithos is a greek work which means stone. The lithosphere is the near rigid outer shell of
the Earth, comprising the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle, and made up of
numerous blocks that are in motion in relative to each other – the plates of plate tectonics
theory.

d. Atmosphere
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The correct answer is: Lithosphere

Question text

The increasing amount of which of the following in the atmosphere contributes to global
warming?

Select one:
a. Mercury
b. Nitrogen
c. Argon
d. Carbon dioxide

The amount of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing by 0.4% a year
because of the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal; the slash-and-burn clearing of
tropical forests has also been a contributing factor in the carbon cycle. This has led to a
phenomenon called global warming.
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The correct answer is: Carbon dioxide

Question text

Which of the following describes the air during humid days?

Select one:
a. Warm and moist

Humidity is the moisture content of the atmosphere. The atmosphere always contains some
moisture in the form of water vapor, the maximum amount depending on the temperature.
The amount of vapor that will saturate the air increases with a rise in temperature: at 4.4
oC, 454 Kg of moist air contains a maximum of 2 Kg of water vapor; at 37.8 oC, 1000 lbs of
moist air contains a maximum of 18 Kg of water vapor. When the atmosphere is saturated
with water, the level of discomfort is high because the evaporation of moisture from the
body as perspiration, with its attendant cooling effect is impossible.

b. Cold and dry

c. Warm and dry
d. Cold and moist
Feedback

The correct answer is: Warm and moist

Question text

It is the movement of the huge solid rock plates of the Earth:

Select one:
a. Weathering
b. All of the above

Diastrophisms are movements of rock plates of the Earth’s crust that result in the formation
of the continents and islands.

c. Diastrophism
d. Erosion
Feedback

The correct answer is: All of the above

Question text

If the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, what is the season at the north of the equator?

Select one:
a. Summer

If the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the area north of the equator is exposed more
directly to sunlight. Thus, the season in this area is summer.

b. Winter
c. Spring
d. Fall
Feedback
The correct answer is: Summer

Question text

In a community near a volcano, which rock type is most likely to be found?

Select one:
a. Sedimentary
b. Metamorphic
c. Lava
d. Igneous

Igneous rock is formed by the cooling and subsequent solidification of a molten mass of
rock material, known as magma. Composed almost entirely of silicate minerals, igneous
rocks are often classified by their silica content. The major categories are referred to as acid
and basic, with granite and rhyolite typical of the former, gabbro and basalt the latter.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Igneous

Question text

When a violent storm occurs over the Pacific region, it is termed as:

Select one:
a. Typhoon

Hurricane is the name applied to migratory tropical cyclones that originate over oceans in
certain regions near the equator, and particularly to those arising in the West Indian Region,
including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane type cyclones in the western
Pacific are known as typhoons.

b. Cyclone
c. Monsoon
d. Tornado
Feedback

The correct answer is: Typhoon

Question text

Which layer of the atmosphere returns radio and TV broadcasts back to Earth?
Select one:
a. Ionosphere

Ionosphere or Thermosphere, is the name given to a layer or layers of ionized air in the
atmosphere extending from almost 80 km (50 mi) above the surface of the Earth to altitudes
of 640 km (400 mi) and more. At these altitudes the air is extremely thin, having about the
density of the gas in a vacuum tube. The ionosphere exerts a great influence on the
propagation of radio signals. Energy that is radiated from a transmitter upwards towards the
ionosphere is in part refracted, or bent downwards again, towards the surface of the Earth.
The bending effect makes possible the reception of radio signals at distances much greater
than would be possible for waves that travelled along the surface of the Earth.

b. Troposphere
c. Exosphere
d. Stratosphere
Feedback

The correct answer is: Ionosphere

Question text

These are rocks formed at the bottom of the sea:

Select one:
a. Metamorphic
b. Igneous
c. Magma
d. Sedimentary

Sedimentary rocks consist of sediments at the bottom of the sea that hardened through
time.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Sedimentary

Question text

This is the lowest portion of the atmosphere:

Select one:
a. Ionosphere
b. Exosphere
c. Troposphere

Troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere and the site of all weather
processes making up its climate (weather over long periods of time). It extends up to an
altitude of about 11 Km above the polar zones and to about 16 Km above the equatorial
regions. The tropopause forms the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere.

d. Stratosphere
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The correct answer is: Troposphere

Question text

These are huge waves that accompany volcanic eruptions and earthquakes under the sea:

Select one:
a. Volcanic bombs
b. Steambursts
c. Tsunamis

Tsunami is the scientific term for a seismic sea wave, a large ocean wave generated by an
undersea earthquake. The wave is thought to be triggered when the ocean floor is tilted or
offset during the quake. Another possible cause is an undersea landslide or volcanic
eruption. Tsunamis have erroneously been called tidal waves, but they have nothing to do
with diurnal pattern of high and low tides.

d. Tidal waves
Feedback

The correct answer is: Tsunamis

Question text

Which of the following is an opening of the Earth’s crust?

Select one:
a. Crater
b. Valley
c. Hill
d. Volcano

Volcano is a fissure or vent through which molten rock material, r magma and gases from
the interior of the Earth erupt on to its surface. The processes that create volcanoes and
other volcanic structures are called volcanism or vulcanism. As landforms, volcanoes are
formed by the deposition of the magma that flows or is ejected, normally from one or
several circular vents, as molten or solid material.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Volcano

Question text

When molten rock materials are expelled outside the earth’s surface they are termed as:

Select one:
a. Lava

Magma is molten rock beneath the earth’s surface, but molten rock outside the surface is
called lava.

b. Dunes
c. Steam
d. Magma
Feedback

The correct answer is: Lava

Question text

Which of the following is true regarding monsoons?

Select one:
a. These are seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation due to
asymmetric heating of mountains and plains
b. The Northeast monsoon blows from November to April causing dry cold weather
c. The Northeast Monsoon blows from May to October causing rainy weather
d. It causes rainy weather not attributed to tropical cyclones

Monsoons are seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation due to

asymmetric heating of land and sea. Northeast monsoon (Amihan) – blows from November
to April causing rainy weather. Southwest monsoon (Habagat) – blows from May to October
causing rainy weather.
Feedback

The correct answer is: It causes rainy weather not attributed to tropical cyclones

Question text

Which of the following climate types in the country makes November to April relatively drier
than other parts of the year?

Select one:
a. No dry season
b. Two pronounced seasons
c. Rainfall distributed throughout the year
d. Wet and dry season

November to April is relatively drier than other parts of the year. Two pronounced seasons –
dry from November to April, and wet for the rest of the year. No dry season – wet season
throughout but maximum rainfall is from November to January.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Wet and dry season

Question text

Which of the following is not true regarding the greenhouse effect?

Select one:
a. The heat is absorbed in each layer of the atmosphere through the greenhouse gases.
b. The absorbed energy warms the earth’s surface. The surface of the Earth, warmed to a
temperature around 255 K, radiates infrared heat.
c. About 50% of the sun’s energy is absorbed at the Earth’s surface and the rest is reflected
by clouds
d. Increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases helps cool the earth’s
surface

Increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases increases the amount of absorption
and radiation, and thereby further warms the earth surface.
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The correct answer is: Increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases helps cool the
earth’s surface

Question text

According to this theory, the earth initially has one single continent and broke off to several
pieces which became the continents of today:

Select one:
a. Continental Drift Theory

According to Alfred Wegener in the Continental Drift Theory, the Pangaea is the single
major continent which broke into two piece (Laurasia and Gondwanaland)

b. Plate Tectonics Theory

c. Pangaea
d. Sea floor Spreading Theory
Feedback

The correct answer is: Continental Drift Theory

Question text

According to this theory, the universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which
expanded rapidly:

Select one:
a. Heliocentric Model
b. Plasma Expansion Theory
c. Big Bang Model

Big Bang Model – The Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which
expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the young universe to cool and resulted in
its present continuously expanding state.

d. Nebular Theory
Feedback

The correct answer is: Big Bang Model

Question text

Complete the statement: All the planets in the solar system ______________.
Select one:
a. Have the same temperature
b. Revolve around the sun

The general characteristic of a planet is that it revolves around the sun. It is not considered
as a planet if it does not revolve around the sun

c. Are exactly of the same size

d. Can all maintain life
Feedback

The correct answer is: Revolve around the sun

Question text

When does solar eclipse occur?

Select one:
a. When the moon is between the Earth and the sun

During solar eclipse, the moon is between the Earth and the sun. The moon blocks the light
from the sun, casting a shadow on Earth

b. When the Earth is behind the sun

c. When the Earth is between the moon and the sun
d. When the is between the Earth and the moon
Feedback

The correct answer is: When the moon is between the Earth and the sun

Question text

Why is the invention of the telescope so significant?

Select one:
a. Because it allows for the observation of objects that are distant

Telescope came from the two Latin words "tele" meaning far and scope (skopos) meaning
to see. The telescope, therefor, is used to see and observe far objects

b. Because it analyes the composition of the planet

c. Because it brightens the light coming from the stars
d. Because it determines the age of the stars
Feedback

The correct answer is: Because it allows for the observation of objects that are distant

Question text

Which of the following may not help control floods?

Select one:
a. Construction of flood ways
b. Reforestation
c. Crop rotation
d. Deforestation

Deforestation te wanton cutting of trees without replacing those that were cut. The roots of
the trees hold the soil to prevent floods. Deforestation therefore, is not a means to control
floods
Feedback

The correct answer is: Deforestation

Question text

It is the natural transfer of soil and other materials from one place to another:

Select one:
a. Pollination
b. Fragmentation
c. Erosion

Erosion refers to the natural physical and chemical processes by which the soil and the
rocks of the Earth’s crust are continuously abraded and corroded. Most erosion results from
the combined activity of several factors such as heat, cold, gases, water, wind, gravity and
plant life.

d. Migration
Feedback

The correct answer is: Erosion

Question text

The Philippines lies in the region where many volcanoes are active. This region is termed
as:

Select one:
a. Wheel of Fire
b. Archipelagic fault line
c. Ring of Fire

The Philippines is considered one of the countries with many volcanoes and volcanic
eruptions. This is because our country lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire a region of high
seismic and volcanic activities that surruds the basin of Pacific Ocean

d. Volcanic Rim
Feedback

The correct answer is: Ring of Fire

Question text

Where are fossils mostly found?

Select one:
a. Igneous rocks
b. Sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks originated from the sediments of water resources. Fossils are markings
of ancient organisms which are aquatic in nature

c. Metamorphic rocks
d. Plutonic rocks
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The correct answer is: Sedimentary rocks

Question text

Which of the following may be observed when the moon cannot be seen at all because it
passes directly between the earth and the sun?

Select one:
a. First quarter
b. New Moon

During the new moon phase, the moon is between the earth and the sun, blocking the light
from the sun, during, this phase the moon is not observable

c. Full Moon
d. Last quarter
Feedback

The correct answer is: New Moon

Question text

Who among the following scientists paved the way for modern exploration by advancing the
theory that planets revolve aound the sun?

Select one:
a. Aristotle
b. Ptolemy
c. Harvey
d. Copernicus

Copernicus was the one who theorized that the sun is the center of the solar system and
that all the planets revolve around the sun.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Copernicus

Question text

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the eras of the earth's history from the
oldest to the most recent?

Select one:
a. Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

In geologic timetable, it was theorized that the Eart was formed out of nothing. The
Precambrian era described the Earth to be void, with no water, air. Nothing existed. It was
followed by Paleozoic era where unicellular organisms started to exist; Mesozoic era and its
Jurassic period, and the latest which is the Cenozoic era.

b. Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Precambrian, Mesozoic

c. Precambrian, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic
d. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Precambrian, Mesozoic
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The correct answer is: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question text

Tropical disturbance are classified as tropical depression, tropical storm or typhoon. The
classification is based on the ________________.

Select one:
a. Amount of rainfall
b. Amount of rainfall and strength of accompanying winds
c. Strength of the accompanying winds

PAGASA classifies the weather disturbances according to the strength of the accompanying
winds. The amount of rainfall is not the basis of classifying weather disturbances.

d. Origin of formation
Feedback

The correct answer is: Strength of the accompanying winds

Question text

Farmers are advised by agriculturists to plant which of the following crops during El Nino?

Select one:
a. Root crops

Rain is scarce during El Nino. Root crops need less water so they can survive through a
season of less rain.

b. Corn crops
c. Green leafy vegetables
d. Upland rice crops
Feedback

The correct answer is: Root crops

Question text
The following are effects of deforestation, except:

Select one:
a. Pollution

Harmful substances known as pollutants contaminate bodies of water, air or soil causing
pollution. Clearing forests and trees results to flash floods, global warming and landslides

b. Global warming
c. Landslides
d. Flash floods
Feedback

The correct answer is: Pollution

Question text

The factors listed below contributes to the greenhouse effect, except:

Select one:
a. Uncontrollable burning of wastes
b. Forest fires
c. Extensive deforestation
d. Excessive use of detergents

Green house gases in the Earth's atmosphere include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous
oxide. Carbon dioxide is produced during forest fires and burning of wastes. Deforestation
clears forests with trees. Trees use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis so when trees are
gone the amount of carbon dioxide in air from carbon dioxide producing organisms and the
other sources will increase. Excessive use of detergents may cause eutrophication when
dumped to bodies of water.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Excessive use of detergents

Question text

Factories need permits from the DENR before they can operate. This will ensure which of
the following?

Select one:
a. Pollution prevention
b. Environmental friendliness
c. Viability of the factory
d. Environmental clearance

DENR is the acronym for Department of Environment and Natural Resources. This option
pertains to the viability of having a factory that is cleared from causing any form of
hazardous activities to the environment.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Environmental clearance

Question text

This property can identify a substance:

Select one:
a. Impact
b. Components
c. Color
d. Density

Density is the property of the substance which can identify it. It is the ratio of the mass of a
body to its volume, usually expressed in such units as kilograms per cubic meter, or pounds
per cubic foot.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Density

Question text

Seasons occur because of which of the following?

Select one:
a. The earth revolves around the sun, it also rotates on its axis
b. Earth's axis is tilted

Because the earth's axis is tilted, the solar radiation received by different parts of the Earth
is not the same. Thus, the temperature of these areas are not also the same. When the
North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern hemisphere receives more of the sun's
energy and temperature there are higher. This is the start of summer of the start of the dry
season in parts of the northern hemisphere and the start of winter or wet season in parts of
the southern hemisphere.

c. Solar radiation did not reach the surface of the earth

d. Earth may be near or far from the sun
Feedback

The correct answer is: Earth's axis is tilted

Question text

The sun is mostly made of which gas?

Select one:
a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen

The sun is a burning fuel and that fuel is hydrogen which is the most comon material in the
universe. The gas is consumed through nuclear fusion in the sun's core wherein four
hydrogen gas particles come together to make a helium nucleus. The sum of the masses of
all the particles produced in the reaction is less than the mass of the original four protons.
The lost mass has been converted into energy - the nuclear energy that powers the sun and
eventually radiates out into space.

d. Helium
Feedback

The correct answer is: Hydrogen

Question text

Which of the following elements is most common in the earth's crust?

Select one:
a. Aluminum
b. Iron
c. Silicon

Silicon is the most common in the earth's crust. Some of the earth's crust materials come
from the magma beneath it. This magma contains a high percentage of silicon and oxygen.
The earth's crust has 88 elements, only a few of which are commonly found in magma. Of
all these elements, only eight make up an essential part of the earth's crust and therefore of
most rocks.

d. Calcium
Feedback

The correct answer is: Silicon

Question text

Which of the following region of the atmosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation?

Select one:
a. Thermosphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Heterosphere
d. Ozone layer

The ozone layer is a very thin layer which protects life on earth by absorbing harmful
ultraviolet radiation fromt the sun.
Feedback

The correct answer is: Ozone layer

Question text

The troposphere is considered warmest near the Earth's surface. Which of the following
statements best explains this phenomenon?

Select one:
a. Radioactive elements in the earth's crust heat atmosphere above the ground
b. Lightning strikes the surface which in turn heats the layer above
c. The earth's surface reradiates solar energy which heats the lower troposphere

Less than half of the sun's energy coming to the earth actually reaches the surface. Most of
the radiation that does strike the earth is absorbed by the surface. The energy is reradiated
as infrared radiation which heats the lower troposphere. The radiation is also called heat
energy. The warmer the troposphere becomes, the more infrared radiation is given off.

d. The air is most compressed there by the weight of the atmosphere

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The correct answer is: The earth's surface reradiates solar energy which heats the lower
troposphere

Question text

Lunar eclipse does not occur each month because:

Select one:
a. The moon's orbit is at an angle to the earth's orbit around the sun

The moon's orbit is at an angle to the earth's orbit around the sun

b. The moon rarely comes close enough to the earth

c. The dark side of the moon rarely faces the earth
d. The earth is usually between the moon and the sun
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The correct answer is: The moon's orbit is at an angle to the earth's orbit around the sun

Question text

The formation of fog generally occurs after the ground has lost heat by which of the
following mechanisms?

Select one:
a. Evaporation
b. Radiation

Although all four choices contribute to the formatioin of fog, heat loss which eventually leads
to fog formation is greatly caused by radiation. Radiatioin fog forms over land when moist
air cools on clear nights. As the ground and the moist air above it cools rapidly, the dew
point is quickly reached as compared to other fog types. Water vapor then condenses as
droplets of fog. Radiation fog often lingers throughout the early daylight hours until the
temperature rises enough to evaporate the moisture

c. Transpiration
d. Convection
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The correct answer is: Radiation

Question text

The movement of a wind is always from:

Select one:
a. Low pressure region to high pressure region
b. North to south region
c. East to west region
d. High pressure region to low pressure region

Air has mass and volume and exerts pressure. In cool air, the molecules move cloer
together causing the air to become denser and to sink. Thus the dense air causes a high
pressure area. low pressure areas may form when air is warmed, causing molecules to
move apart and to become less dense. Air moves from an area of high pressure to an area
of low pressure. This movement of air is caused by density differences in wind.
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The correct answer is: High pressure region to low pressure region

Question text

Which of the following determines the development of soil in a particular place?

Select one:
a. Presence of plant and animal life
b. The type of bedrock
c. All of the above

The climate of an area is the most important factor in determining how soils are formed.
Chemical weathering, which turns rocks into soil, takes place more quickly in climates with
high temperatures and plentiful rainfall. The mineral composition of the rock can affect the
rate of weathering as well as the composition of the soil forms. The mineral composition of
the rock can affect the rate of weathering as well as the composition of the soil. A spadeful
of a dark, rich soil will reveal numerous earthworms, ants and other burrowing animals. The
burrowing action of these animals serves to mix the soil and produce passages through
which water and air can pass. Organic wastes from these animals enrich the soil further,
enhancing its quality

d. Climate
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The correct answer is: All of the above

Question text

In evaporation, liquid water molecules becomes:

Select one:
a. Molecules of water vapor

Evaporation is the process by which a liqiod changes into gas. In this process, liquid water
molecules become molecules of water vapor which is the gaseous form of water molecules.

b. Atoms of the hydrogen and oxygen

c. Tiny drops of water
d. Separate atoms of water
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The correct answer is: Molecules of water vapor

Question text

According to this theory the earth’s surface consists of plates whose constant motion
explains continental drift, mountain building and occurrence of earthquakes.

Select one:
a. Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics is the theory of global tectonics (Geological structural deformations) that has
served as a master key, in modern geology, for understanding the structure, history and
dynamics of the Earth’s Lithosphere which includes the crust. The theory is based on the
observation that the solid layer of the Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into about a dozen
semi-rigid plates. The boundaries of these plates are zones of tectonic activity, where
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions tend to occur.

b. Wegenerian Theory
c. Diastrophism
d. Volcanism
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The correct answer is: Plate Tectonics

Question text

The process by which water evaporates from plants is called as:

Select one:
a. Advection
b. Transpiration

Through the process of transpiration, more than 90% of the water taken in by plant roots is
ultimately lost to the atmosphere, almost all of it from the leaves. It passes out primarily
through the stomata in the form of water vapor.

c. Exhalatioin
d. Vapor release
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The correct answer is: Transpiration

Question text

Which among the following protects living things on Earth from the harmful radiation of the
sun?

Select one:
a. Ozone Layer

Ozone is the layer in the atmosphere that serves as a screen from the harmful effects of the
sun’s radiation.

b. Carbon monoxide
c. Atmosphere
d. Clouds
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The correct answer is: Ozone Layer

Question text

Which of the following exemplifies a solar eclipse?

Select one:
a. The moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and its shadow falls on the Earth

A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun and its
shadow falls on the Earth. Although the sun’s diameter is 400 times greater than that of the
moon, it is also about 400 times farther. This makes their diameters apparently the same
from the Earth.

b. The shadow of the Earth blocks the moon

c. The sun is between the Earth and the moon and its shadow obscures the latter
d. The Earth is between the moon and the sun
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The correct answer is: The moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and its shadow
falls on the Earth

Question text

Among the following, which one has the greatest gravitational force?

Select one:
a. Saturn
b. Sun

In the solar system, the sun has the greatest gravitational force since it is the most massive
among all the objects in it.

c. Earth
d. Jupiter
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The correct answer is: Sun

Question text

It is the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth:

Select one:
a. Lithosphere
b. Atmosphere

The atmosphere is a mixture of gases surrounding any celestial object that has a
gravitational field strong enough to prevent the gases from escaping. The principal
constituents of the atmosphere of the Earth are Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%). The
other gases making up the Earth’s atmosphere are Argon, Carbon dioxide, Water vapor and
small amounts of Hydrogen, Ozone, Methane, Carbon monoxide, Helium, Neon, Krypton
and Xenon.

c. Hydrosphere
d. Aeropsphere
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The correct answer is: Atmosphere