Info graphic by

Will Kramer

Vint Cerf and Bob

Khan's great creation:

The Internet's
History
Invented in 1983 as a communication system
capable of surviving a nuclear attack
Overseen and owned by no one, instead the
internet is run by independently operated
networks
These networks are also what control the
internet
New things that are added onto the internet
are monitored by the Internet Engineering Task
Force which helps keep the internet
functioning.
DNS
DNS is used to associate the domain
name of websites with their
corresponding IP addresses.
Similar to IP Addresses DNS servers
are split into a distributed
hierarchy which splits the servers
into zones such as .com, .edu. .net, etc.
DNS protocols are open to the public
which allows hackers to access the
protocol and sometimes do things such
as DNS spoofing.
The DNS hierarchy, alongside the IP
address hierarchy allow for sacking to
occur on the internet because the
distribute addresses into separate
categories allowing for them to be
condensed into small pieces based on
the category and also allowing the
data to be spread out.

All about Bits

Bits are the data the internet uses that a
computer reads as "on" and "off".
Devices have a certain bandwidth, measured by
bit rate, which tells the transmission capacity
of the device. This is important because it
determines how many bits can be sent from a
device.
Some bits send slower over internet than
others due to latency.
Bits can be sent in three ways: By using
electricity and Ethernet cables, by using light
and fiber optic cables, or by using radio waves
and wireless bit sending machines.
Bit receiving and sending machines include
modems and WiFi routers which are connected
to the internet via cables.

How is Data
transferred?
Data is transferred through the
internet using packets of information.
Packets are managed alongside their
journey by routers or switches which
manage the traffic of packets and
keep the flow running smoothly by
switching packets from one route to
another based on which route is
cheapest.
This method of sending packets on many
different routes makes the internet

Networks: LAN vs. WAN

LAN: Local Area Network, used for smaller
areas such as offices and usually faster
and more secure than WAN.
WAN: Wide Area Network, used for wider
areas such as cities and allow for
international connection and promote
widespread use unlike LAN.
redundant because it allows for
packets to be continuously sent even
if there is a disaster on one of the
routes.
The sending and receiving of all these
packets are managed by TCP which
manages this operation and verifies
and signs for packets.

Websites
In order to find a website
you must first type in the

IP Adresses URL or web address of the

The internet is a set of
protocols(two important ones
being IP and DHCP which manages
the distribution of IP addresses)
and these protocols along with ISP
allow us to connect to networks
IP addresses are the internet's
"addresses" and are ordered in a
hierarchy ,which goes from top to
bottom: County/Network,
Region/Network, Sub network, and
then Device.
Addresses are provided by and IP
addressing program called IPv4
which provides a lot of addresses.
This program will soon though be
replaced by IPv6 which will use
more bits for an address and
provide more than 100 times as
many unique addresses as IPv4.
page
The network receives this
get/post request and then
using HTTP communicates
with the servers in order to
find the page.
Once the page is found HTML
is used to create the design
of the page.
Some pages may also offer
cookies which is how a
website remembers who you
are.
Websites also may use
SSL/TLS which provide digital
certificates to show that
the website you are on is
safe and secure.