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• Ambient Temperature:
– The surrounding air temperature...
Generally assumed to be 30°C for design purposes.
• Average Winding Temperature:
– The measured average temperature of the entire
winding.
• Temperature Rise:
– The difference in temperatures between one part of
transformer (windings, etc.) and ambient.
ELEVATION
W.O.G. x H
CORE H = 1.1 Dist.
H = 1.3 Power
Top
Oil
Hottest Spot
ING
L
ND
OI
WI
Average Wdg-Oil
Wdg.Avg.Temp.
Oil Gradient
W.O.G.
WINDINGS
Bottom
Oil
CORE OIL
AMBIENT Ambient Temp.
TEMP.
(30° C)
TEMP
• Test Sequence:
– Resistance, No-Load & Load Losses (BEFORE)
– Temperature Rise
– Dielectric (AFTER)
– Note: This list is NOT complete–other tests are
typically involved (Design, Routine, Other, etc.)
• Short-Circuit Method:
– One or more windings are shorted and
sufficient current is circulated at rated
frequency to produce “total losses” for the
connection and loading used.
– “Total Losses” are those measured during the
No-Load Loss and Load Loss Tests.
– Losses are converted to a temperature equal
to rated Average Temp. Rise plus 20°C.
SHORT CIRCUIT
Rated
V&f
Source
L3
~ L2
XV
YV
SHORT CIRCUIT
L1 HV
DISC.
MEASUREMENT
A, V, W XFMR UNDER TEST
LV Shorting Bars
240 MVA,
3-Wdg GSU
HV LV LV HV
XFMR XFMR
Rated V & f UNDER UNDER
Source TEST * TEST *
Imped.
Loss
Source
LOADING
* NOTE: Only 1 Xfmr Needs To Be XFMR
Tested, But Both Must Be Similar.
LV HV
HV LV
LOADING
XFMR UNDER TEST * XFMR XFMR UNDER TEST *
F.O.
Feed-
thru
Inside
Tank
Monitor In
Term. Cab.
F.O. Feed-
thru J-box
Monitors In Test
Monitor Panel Datalog Lash-up
Probe In LV Spacer
90
70 6:H3 Winding
7:X3 Winding
8:X3 Winding
1:Y3 Winding
60
2:Y3 Winding
3:H1 Core Leg
Temp, deg.C
4:H1 Winding
50 5:H1 Winding
6:X1 Winding
7:X1 Winding
40 8:Y1 Winding
2:Y1 Winding
3:X2 Winding
4:X2 Winding
30
5:Y2 Winding
6:Y2 Winding
Top O il
20 Cooler O utlet
Ambient Ch 7
Cooler Inlet
10
39137.6667 39137.8334 39138.0001 39138.1668 39138.3335
T imestamp
FANS ON
100
4:H1 Winding
5:H1 Winding
6:X1 Winding
50
7:X1 Winding
8:Y1 Winding
2:Y1 Winding
40
3:X2 Winding
4:X2 Winding
5:Y2 Winding
30
6:Y2 Winding
Top O il
Cooler Inlet
20
Cooler O utlet
Ambient
10
39138.3542 39138.5209
T imestamp
Thermography
Scans
Examples:
Thermography
Scans
Examples:
Helpful Resources:
•Testing of Power Transformers:
Routine Tests, Type Tests, and Special Tests
Published by Pro Print for ABB
•A Guide To Transformer Maintenance
Published by TMI, S.D. Myers