Chapter

Chapter(2)
Data Types And Variables
Faculty of Information Science 1

Types of Data
1. Numerical Data
2. Text Data
3. Boolean Data

1. Numerical Data
 Whole numbers-such as 145,Integers

(positive or negative), -253 to 253
 Fractional numbers-such as 1.234, floating-

point numbers

2. Text Data
 One or more characters of text is a string

 Literal strings using ' or " characters
For example:
1.“Hello World” or „ Hello World‟
2. “Peter O‟ Toole”
3. „Peter O‟ Toole‟ -error
(\)-backslash character-escape character
4. „Peter O \‟Toole‟
5. „ Hello “Paul” ‟
6. “Hello “Paul””-error
7. “Hello \” Paul \””

Escape Sequences
Escape Sequences Character Represented
\b Backspace
\f Form feed
\n New Line
\r Carriage return
\t Tab
\’ Single quote
\” Double quote
\\ Backslash
\xNN NN is a hexadecimal number that identifies

a character in the Latin-1 character set

3.Boolean Data
 Two values:
 true for yes and
 False for no

Variables
• Variable names are case sensitive.

• For example: myVariable is not the same as
myvariable.
• Can‟t use Reserved words (e.g var or with)
• Can‟t use & and %
• Allow to use numbers, but the name must not begin
with numbers

Variables Names
Invalid names Valid names
With myVariable99
99variables myPercent_Variable
My%Variable the_Good_and_the_Bad
theGood&theBad

Constant, variable
• To define constant
const constant_name = constant value;
• To define variable
var variable_name;
var variable_name1 = initial_value1,
variable_name2 = initial_value2, … ;
Scope of the variable
• Variables can be global (when you declare
outside of any function), or can be local within a
function.
ch2_examp1:Declaring Variables
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var myFirstVariable;
myFirstVariable = "Hello";
alert(myFirstVariable); //Hello
myFirstVariable = 54321;
alert(myFirstVariable); //54321
</script>
</body>
</html>

ch2_examp2:Assigning Variables the values of
Other Variables
<body>
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
var string1 = "Hello";
var string2 = "Goodbye";
alert(string1);//Hello
alert(string2); //Goodbye
string2 = string1;
alert(string2); //Hello
string1 = "Now for something different";

alert(string1); // Now for something different
</script>
</body>
</html>
ch2_examp3:Calculations
<body>
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">

var firstNumber = 15;
var secondNumber = 10;
var answer;
answer = 15 / 10;
alert(answer); //1.5
alert(15 / 10);//1.5
answer = firstNumber / secondNumber;

alert(answer); //1.5
</script>
</body>
</html> Faculty of Information Science 12
Operator
• Common operators
• Assignment operators(+=, -=, *=, /=, .=)

a = 2; a += 4; // Now a is 6
b = "now"; b += "here"; // Now b is "nowhere"
Operator Precedence
• + and – operators have an equal precedence

• * and / operators also have an equal precedence
 * has a higher precedence than +;
 = (assignment operator) has the lowest precedence
• Works from left to right for equal precedence
operators
• For example:
var myVariable;
myVariable=1+1*2;
Alert(myVariable);//3

ch2_examp4:Fahrenheit to
Centigrade
<body>
// Equation is °C = 5/9 (°F - 32).
var degFahren = prompt("Enter the degrees in Fahrenheit",50);
var degCent;
degCent = 5/9 * (degFahren - 32);
alert(degCent); //10
</script>
</body>
</html>

String
• string data plays important roles.
• treated as an object.
• string values can be enclosed by either double quotation
or single quotation
a = "ABC"; b = 'ABC';
// a and b are the same
In order to access to individual character within a string,
a = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
b = a[0]; // b contains 'A' (the first char)
 length is the only property of the String object
Usage of String
a = "This is a string";
b = a.length;//16 // Length of the string. You can also
write like "Hello".length
c = a.toUpperCase(); // Convert to upper case
characters
d = a.toLowerCase(); // Convert to lower case
characters
d = a.slice(2, 5); // is //Get a part of string (from index 2
to 5 in this case)
e = a.indexOf("is");//2 // Search for a string and returns
the position
f = a.lastIndexOf("s");//10 // Search for a string from the
end of the string
ch2_examp5:Concatenating
Strings
<body>
var greetingString = "Hello";

var myName = prompt("Please enter your name", "");
var concatString;
document.write(greetingString + " " + myName + "<br>");//Hello name

concatString = greetingString + " " + myName;
document.write(concatString); //Hello name
</script>
</body>
</html>
ch2_examp6:Making the
Temperature Converter User-
Friendly
<body>
var degFahren = prompt("Enter the degrees in Fahrenheit", 50);
var degCent;
degCent = 5/9 * (degFahren - 32);

alert(degFahren + "\xB0 Fahrenheit is " + degCent + "\xB0 centigrade");
//50˚ Fahrenheit is 10˚ centigrade.
</script>
</body>
</html>

Type casting
 a = parseInt("40 years"); // a will be an integer 40
 b = parseFloat("1.2 times"); // b will be a float 1.2
 c = b.toString(); // c will be a string “1.2”
 E.g a=parseInt(“hello”);//NaN, meaning Not a Number
 isNaN()-which checks whether something is NaN or not
 myVar1 = isNaN(“Hello”);//true
 myVar2 = isNaN(“34”);//false

ch2_examp7:Converting Strings to
Numbers
<body>
var myString = "56.02 degrees centigrade";

var myInt;
var myFloat;
document.write("\"" + myString + "\" is " + parseInt(myString) + " as an integer" + "<BR>");

// "56.02 degrees centigrade" is 56 as an integer
myInt = parseInt(myString);
document.write("\"" + myString + "\" when converted to an integer equals " + myInt + "<BR>");
// "56.02 degrees centigrade" when converted to an integer equals 56
myFloat = parseFloat(myString);
document.write("\"" + myString + "\" when converted to a floating point number equals " + myFloat);
// "56.02 degrees centigrade" when converted to a floating point number equals 56.02
</script>
</body>
</html>

Array
• arrays are also treated as objects
• var a = new Array(); // Declares a new array
with no data
• var b = new Array("One", "Two", 3);// Array
with 3 elements
• b[3] = "Four"; // You can add new element to an
existing array
• b[5] = "Six"; // You can skip the index, but the
skipped element is also created
Usage of Array
var a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
b = a.length; // Number of elements in the array.
Returns 5 in this case.
c = a.concat(array2); // Join 2 arrays into one array
d = a.pop(); // Removes the last element from an
array and returns that element.
a.push(); // Add one or more elements to the array
and returns the array
a.sort(); // Sort the array elements

ch2_examp8:An Array
<body>
var myArray = new Array();

myArray[0] = "Bob";
myArray[1] = "Pete";
myArray[2] = "Paul";
document.write("myArray[0] = " + myArray[0] + "<BR>");//myArray[0] = Bob

document.write("myArray[2] = " + myArray[2] + "<BR>");//myArray[2] = Paul
document.write("myArray[1] = " + myArray[1] + "<BR>"); //myArray[1] = Pete
myArray[1] = "Mike";
document.write("myArray[1] changed to " + myArray[1]); //myArray[1] changed to Mike
</script>
</body>
</html>

ch2_examp9:A Two-Dimensional
Array
<html xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml><body>
var personnel = new Array();
personnel[0] = new Array();

personnel[0][0] = "Name0";
personnel[0][1] = "Age0";
personnel[0][2] = "Address0";


document.write("Name : " + personnel[1][0] + "<BR>"); //Name : Name1
document.write("Age : " + personnel[1][1] + "<BR>");//Age : Age1
document.write("Address : " + personnel[1][2]);// Address : Address1
</script> </body> </html>
Exercise questions 
1. Write a JavaScript program to convert degrees

centigrade into degrees Fahrenheit, and to
write the result to the page in a descriptive
sentence. The JavaScript equation for
Fahrenheit to centigrade is as follows:
degFahren= 9 /5 * degCent + 32

Exercise questions
2. The following code use the prompt() function to get two numbers from the user. It then adds
those two numbers together and writes the result to the page:

<body>
var firstNumber = prompt("Enter the first number","");

var secondNumber = prompt("Enter the second number","");
var theTotal = firstNumber + secondNumber;
document.write(firstNumber + " added to " + secondNumber + " equals " + theTotal);

</script>
</body>
</html>


Chapter

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Chapter

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Chapter(2)

Data Types And Variables

Faculty of Information Science 1

Faculty of Information Science 2

 Whole numbers-such as 145,Integers

 Fractional numbers-such as 1.234, floating-

Faculty of Information Science 3

 One or more characters of text is a string

Faculty of Information Science 4

\xNN NN is a hexadecimal number that identifies

Faculty of Information Science 5

Faculty of Information Science 6

• Variable names are case sensitive.

Faculty of Information Science 7

Faculty of Information Science 8

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

Faculty of Information Science 10

string1 = "Now for something different";

<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">

answer = firstNumber / secondNumber;

• Assignment operators(+=, -=, *=, /=, .=)

• + and – operators have an equal precedence

Faculty of Information Science 14

degCent = 5/9 * (degFahren - 32);

Faculty of Information Science 15

var greetingString = "Hello";

document.write(greetingString + " " + myName + "<br>");//Hello name

degCent = 5/9 * (degFahren - 32);

Faculty of Information Science 19

 a = parseInt("40 years"); // a will be an integer 40

 b = parseFloat("1.2 times"); // b will be a float 1.2

 c = b.toString(); // c will be a string “1.2”

 E.g a=parseInt(“hello”);//NaN, meaning Not a Number

 isNaN()-which checks whether something is NaN or not

Faculty of Information Science 20

var myString = "56.02 degrees centigrade";

document.write("\"" + myString + "\" is " + parseInt(myString) + " as an integer" + "<BR>");

Faculty of Information Science 21

Faculty of Information Science 23

var myArray = new Array();

document.write("myArray[0] = " + myArray[0] + "<BR>");//myArray[0] = Bob

Faculty of Information Science 24

personnel[0] = new Array();

personnel[1] = new Array();

personnel[2] = new Array();

1. Write a JavaScript program to convert degrees

Faculty of Information Science 26

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

var firstNumber = prompt("Enter the first number","");

var theTotal = firstNumber + secondNumber;

document.write(firstNumber + " added to " + secondNumber + " equals " + theTotal);

Faculty of Information Science 27

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi