MGCHANICAL GNGIHGGICNG

Time Allowed: 3 hours M=imumMaJks: 200

Candidates should attempt any five questions
Assume suitohle data if necessary and indicate them dearly.
All questions carry equal marks
For air R ｾ＠ 0.287 ILl/kg K;

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Cp ｾ＠ 1.005 ILl/kg K; Ｗ ｾ＠ 1.4.
Assume 1 ｢｡ｲｾ＠ 1 kfgic,C, if necessary.

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A tank contammg 40 kg of water, 1mhally at 40°C, has one mlet and one e:nt With equal mass
flow rates Water enters the lank at 40° Cat the rate of 200 kg/hr Energy" removed from
the water at the rate of 8 kW by means of a coohng c01l mrmersed m the water The water 1S

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well tlllxed by a mechamcal sl!rrer that the water temperature m the tank 1S umform The
power mput to the water from the sl!rrer 1S 0 3 kW Denve an e'llress10n for the vanahon of
water temperature m the tank With hme The spec!lic heat of water 1S 4 2 kJ!kg K Neglect
kmehc and potenhal enerGI effects ra
A closed system executes a reverSible cycle 1-2- 3-4-5-6 -1 conS!shng of S!X processes Dunng
processes 1-2 and 3-4 the system recetves 1000 kJ and SOO kJ of heat, respechvely, at
constant temperatures of500 K and 400 K, respechvely Processes 2-3 and 4-5 are ad!abal!c
e'llans10ns m wlnch the system temperature 1S reduced from 500 K to 400 K and from 400 K
m
to 30 0 K, resp echvely Dunng pro cess 5-6 the system reJ eels heat at a constant temperature
of300 K Process 6- 11S an achabahc compress10n process Determme the work done by the

,, system dunng the cycle and the thermal effic1ency of the cycle
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( A ng1d vessel 1S d!mded 1nto two parts A and R by means of a fnchonless, perfectly
conductmg p!Ston lmhally, part A contacns 0 4m3 of a1r (1deal gas) at 10 bars pressure and
part B conta1ns 0 4m 3 of wet steam at 10 bars Heat 1S now added to both parts unhl all the
water m part B 1S evaporated At tlus cond1hon the pressure 1n part B 1S 15 bars Determme
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the 1m hal qual1ty of steam m part B and the total amount of heat added to both parts
A parallel shall gearbox rece1ves SOO kW tlu-ough the h1gh speed shaft but, owmg to fnchon,
del1vers 7S4 kW through the low speed shaft Heat transfer takes place from the outer surface
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of the gearbox to the enmronment at a rate g1ven by hA(Tt- T,) where h= 0 2 kW/m' K, A
=2m' and T 0, the env1romnent temperature, equals 2SS K The outer surface temperature of
the gearbox, Tt, 1S umform Deternune the 1rreverS1b1hty rate for the gearbox m kW assummg
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(,, steady state operahon

Ahnosphenc acr at 40°C dty bulb temperature and 55% relahve hunud1ty "passed over a
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coohng c01l at the rate of 600 m /nun At eX!! from the c01l the acr 1S saturated and 1ts
temperature 1s soc The condensate also leaves at soc Detemune the amount of condensate
leavmg the c01l per mmute and the refngerahon reqmred m kW The spec1fic heat of
superheated steam may be assumed to be 1 SS kJ!kg K Solve the problem W!thoutthe use of
Psychometnc chart
A vapor compresS! on heat pump 1S dnven by a power cycle hamng a thermal effic1ency of
25% For the heat pump, refngerant 12 1S compressed from saturated vapor at 2 0 bars to the
condenser pressure of 12 bars The 1Sentrop1c effic1ency of the compressor 1S S0% Saturated
hqmd enters the expanSion valve at 12 bars For the power cycle, SO% oftheheatreJected by
11 1S transferred to the heated space wlnch has a total heahng reqmrement of 500 k.J/mm
 Determme the power mput to the heat pump compressor The followmg data for refngerant
12maybeused

2457
""" -11..53
4!;1.11 !14.21
l:nJ.l7
206.24
0.1)')92 0.1035
0.3DIS 0.6799
Vapor spec!lic heat at constant pressure= 0 7 kJ/kg K
(a) In a Brayton cycle gas turbme power plant the nurumum and ma:nmum temperatures of the
cycle are 300 K and 1200 K The compresSion 1S earned out m two stage of equal pressure

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raho Wl th mtercoohng of the workmg fl Uld to the mirumum temperature of the eye! e after the
first stage of compress10n The enhre expans10n 1S earned out m one stage only The
iSentropic efficiency of the compressors 1S 0 85 and that of the turbme 1S 0 9 Detenrune the
overall pressure raho that would give the max:1mum net work per kg workmg flmd
Denve the express10n you use y = 1 4

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(b) Alr enters a constant-area combushon chamber at a March number of 0 25 W!th a total
pressure of 55 bars Combushon gas leaves the chamber W!th a March number of 0 35
Neglechng fnchon and the mass of the fuel, detenrune the drop m total pressure of a1r m the

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combushon chamber
AssumeCp/Cv= 1/35
Steam enters the first stage of a turbine at 100 bars, 50 ooc and expands !Sentropi cally to 10 bars It "
then reheated to 500°C and expanded m the second stage to the condenser pressure of 0 1 bars
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Steam 1S bled from the first stage at 20 bars and fed to a closed feed water heater Feed water leaves
the closed heater at 100 bars, 200°C (enthalpy= 856 8 k.J/kg) wlnle the condensate eX!ts as saturated
hqU!d at 20 bars Th!S condensate 1S supphed to the open heater mto which steam 1S bled at 4 bars
m
pressure Saturated hqmd at 4 bars eX! Is from the open heater and enters the closed heater The
condensate from condenser enters the open heater The net output of the turbme 1S 50 MW
Assunung the turbme and pump processes to be iSentropic determme the mass of steam bled at each
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feed water heaterperkg of steam entenng the first stage, the mass of steam entenng the first stage
per second, and the thermal efficiency
(a) A chemical reachon 1S bemg earned out at constant pressure m a packed bed between two
coax:1al cyhnders Wlth rad11 of 1 2 em and 1 8 em The enhre mner walliS at a umform
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temperature of 500°C and there" almost no heat transfer-from th!S surface The reachon
releases heat at a uruform rate of 500 kW/m3 through out the reactor The effechve thermal
conduchmty of the packed bed is 0 55 W /m K Detenrune the temperature of the outer wall
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(b) Determme the rachant heat exchange in Wlm' between two large parallel steel plates of
enusS!Vihes 0 8 and 0 5 held at temperatures of 1000 K and 500 K, respechvely, if a thm
copper plate of enusS!Vily 0 l!S mtroduced as arad!ahon shield between the two plates
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CJ=567xlOW/m2 K4
Denve an express10n for the effechveness of a parallel flow heat exchanger m terms of the number
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of transfer umts, NTU, and the capacity ratio Cmm!Cm.x

In a parallel-flow double-pipe heat exchanger water flows through the mner pipe and 1S heated from
20 o C to 70° C Oil fl oW!ng through the annulus is cooled from 2 00 o C to 10 oo C It " deS!fed to cool
the 01l to a lower eX!! temperature by mcreasmg the length of the heat exchanger Detenrune the
nurumum temperature to which the 01l may be cooled
(a) Calculate the d!ameter and speed of the runner of a Kaplan turbme developmg 6000 kW
under an effechve head of 5 m Overall efficiency of the turbine 1S 90% The diameter of the
boss 1S 0 4, hmes the external diameter of the runner The turbme speed ratio 1S 2 0 and flow
raho 0 6 What 1S the specific speed of the turbme?
(b) When a flmd flows over a flat plate, the veloaty profile W!thm the boundary layer may be
assumed to he
 and V, ｾ＠ V:,for y?. 5
Where V 1S a constant and the boundary layer tlu ckness 5 1S a funchon of x giVen by

Ｕｾ＠ s(;,f
Here u and p denote the V!SCOS!Iy and denSity of the flmd, respechvely Denve m express10n
for the van all on of V across the boundary layer

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 IIIBCHANICAL BNGINBBAING
Time Allowed: 3 hours M=imumMaJks: 200
Coniliilatos should altl!mpt Qw!sti<>n 1 in Soclion A, any TWO in S•cOOn Band any TWO in S•clion C
QwiDion 1 is '!{shortanswm; /n>o!, limilingtlliSWI!r 'If eacA part to 30 trord.s:

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IECTION A
(a) D!Shngmsh between Austempenng and Martempenng of steel
(b) What do you understand by the term proof stress? What!S the value of stram for 0 2 percent
proof stress?
(c) Expand the followmg (1) CPM (11) PERT

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(d) G1ve two methods of Jo1mng two p1eces of metal by heahng alone
(e) What 1S Scleroscope?

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(f) What1s'blled' steel?
(g) What!S'LostWax'method?
(h) What 1 s Kennedy's theorem?
(1) What are M1tre wheels?
6) What 1s 'hunhng' of a governor?
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(k) In wh1ch maclnne tool the Wlutworth Qmck return mechamsm 1s used?
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(I) What 1S coeffic1ent of resh tuh on?
(m) Kmeh cally eqmvalent systems must sahsfy three reqmrements, g1ve any two of them
(n) The method wh1ch g1ves the accelerah on of the elements of a connechng rod of a sl1der crank
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mechaniSm by a Simple graph1cal form 1S known as

(o) Ind!cate the arc weldmg process wlnch 1S more sU!table for overhead weldmg Jushfy your
answer
(p) What 1S a dununy achv1ty m network models?
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(q) Expand the abbrev1ahons (1) DNC (11) CNC

(r) Expand the abbrev1ahons (1) ECM (11) HSS
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(s) N arne four parts of an aJJtomo bile where cast 1ron 1S used
(t) How sand cores are supported?
(2x20)
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SECTION- B
(a) A motor dnves a mam shall by means of a flat belt The d1ameters of the pulleys on the motor
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shaft and the mam shaft are 450 nun and 750 nun respechvely Another pulley of d!ameter
500 mm dnves a counter shall havmg a pulley of d1ameter 700 mm The pulley of d!ameter
500 mm 1S mounted on the mam shaft If the shp on each dnve 1S 3 percent, calculate the
speed of counter shall1f motor runs at 1400 rpm
(b) In an ep1cychc gear of the sun and planet type shownm F1g 1 the p1tch arcle d1ameter of
the annular wheel 'A' 1S to be nearly equal to 216 nun, and the modules 4 mm When the
annular wheel!S stahonary, the sp1der wlnch cames three planet gears 'P' of equal S!ze, has
to make one revoluhon for evety five revoluhons of the dnmng spmdle cartymg 'S' gear
Determme the number of teeth on all the wheels and also the exact p1tch c1rcle d1ameter of
'A'
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(a) A 'U' tube as shownm F1g 2 contams ahqmd ofdenSJty one kg/m3 Detenrune the equahon
of mol! on and find the natural frequency of the h qmd column

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(b) The arms of a Porter governor are p1voted on the governor ax1s and are each 250 mm long
Mass of each ball!S 0 5 kg and mass of sleeve 1S 2 kg The arms are mchned at an angle of
30° to the governor ax!S m the lowermost poS!hon, of the sleeve Lift" equal to 50 mm

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Determme the force of fuel! on 1f the speed at the moment the sleeve starts hfung from the
lowermost poS!hon 1S the same as the speed at the moment 11 falls from the uppermost
poS!hon

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(a)
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Do you thmk that a plane stress system giVes nse to a plane stram system always? G1ve
reasons for your answer 1bree pnnc1pal stresses o 11 , o,, CJ33 , are actmg on the three laces of
a cube respechvely Express the resulhng three pnnapal strams m terms of the pnncipal
m
stresses

(b) A one mm d!ameter steel W!re 1S wound around a copper tube Wlth external and mtemal "
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diameters of 140 mm and 120 mm respechvely, to increase the strength of the tube agamst
mtemal pressure Find, what imhal tens10n must be g!Ven to the W!re, so that max1mum
allowable stresses for the tube and W!re matenals namely 90 and 200 mega pascals
respechvely are reached Simultaneously ａｳｵｭ･Ｇｾ＠ for copper and steel to be 0 3 and Wlre
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W!nd!ng as a thm cyhnder Modulus ofelashaty for copper and steel may be assumed as 106
and 2 x 10 6 megapascalsrespechvely The tube" open at the ends
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SECTION- C
(a) Give the percentages of carbon m the folloWing
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(i) Low carbon steels

(11) Medmm carbon steels
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(111) High carbon steels

(b) Give the percentages of the alloymg elements m

(i) Low alloy steels
(11) High alloy steels

(c) All cast irons con tam at least S!X elements Name these elements

(d) When W!ll you recommend carbunnng of steel? Give the salient features of the pro cess
(e) G1ve the compoS!hon and use of the followmg alloys
(1) Bronze
(11) Duralumm

(a) Name five cashng defects How they are caJJsed and what are the remedies?

(b) Explam the followmg forgmg operat10ns

(1) Drawmg out (11) Upsethng

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(c) How 1S acetylene stored?

(d) What 1S the pnnc1ple of reSiStance weldmg? What are the vanous components of the J01nt
reSiStance?
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(a) AhuJa furmture company manufactures tables and cknrs usmg wood and labour only Wood "

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for one table 1S 30 uruts and for chair 1S 20 umts and the labour spent on table 1S 5 umts and
for ch'nr 1S 10 umts Total umts of wood available are 300, and of labour are 110 The umt
profit for ch'nr 1S Rs 8 and for table 1S Rs 6 How many cha!fS and tables should be made to
get max:1mum profit? ra
(b) A store sells 5200 cases of a cold dnnk per year The suppher charges Rs 100 for each "
del1vety, regardless of how many cases have been ordered, dehvety always occurs the day
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after ordenng and the average cartymg cost 1s Rs 10 40 per umt per year F1nd the number of
cases per order
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