Experiment-8

Aim: To verify line voltage, phase voltage, line current

and phase current relationship in a star and delta 3-
phase balanced circuit.
Apparatus required:

S.no Apparatus Range Type Quantity

1. Ammeter 0-5A AC 6
2. Voltmeter 0-300V AC 6
3. Connecting wires As per
required
4. Autotransformer 3-o
5. Load 3-phase 1

Diagram:
Theory: The voltage induced in each winding is called
the phase voltage and current in each winding is
likewise known as phase current. However, the voltage
available between any pair of terminal is called line
voltage and the current flowing in each line is called
line current.
Procedure:
1.Draw neat and clear circuit diagram.
2. Select appropriate ranges of the various components
like voltmeter, and ammeter etc. .
3. Prepare requisition slip indicating the apparatus
along with range, type and quantity of apparatus
required and the required apparatus issued. Make neat
and tight connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
4.Connect the 3-phase load as shown in the figure for
the star connection.
5. Put on the load with the help of switches equally for
each phase after closing the switch.
6. Take sufficient number of readings of the currents
and the voltages in each line and phase.
7. Connect load as shown in figure for Delta
connection.
8. Repeat step 6 and 7.
9. Verify the ratio of line current to the phase current
and line voltage to phase voltage in each type of
connection.
Observations:
For star connected load:
IR IV IB V
Load 1 Vline
Vphase
Load 2 Vline
Vphase
Load 3 Vline
Vphase
Load 4 Vline
Vphase
Load 5 Vline
Vphase

For Delta connected Load:

IBphase(1-3’) IRphase(1’-2) IYphase(2’-3) IRline IYline IBline
In star connection, the ratio of line voltage to phase
voltage comes out to be √3, and the ratio of line
current to phase current is 1.
» Hence: ILine = IPhase
Vline = √3 Vphase
In delta connection, the ratio of line voltage to phase
voltage is 1 and the ratio of
line current to phase current comes out to be √3.
Hence, ILine = √3 lphase
Vline= Vphase

Sources of error:
1. Heating up of apparatus
2. Parallax error
3. Loose connections
4. Positioning error

Precautions:
1. Make sure the connections are tight.
2. Do not touch live contacts
3. Alter connections, if required, only after the power supply has
been disconnected.
4. Do not overload circuits or wiring. (limit to the rated currents)