1●

➢ FUTURO CON WILL (afirmando, negando e interrogando)

Para afirmar necesitamos a will, el cual nos indica que el verbo que sigue se proyecta al tiempo futuro, aunque el verbo que describe la
acción (también llamado verbo principal) se debe escribir en su forma básica, es decir, no se conjuga.

● FORMA AFIRMATIVA

(+) ☺ + WILL + VERBO PRINCIPAL SIN CONJUGAR + COMPLEMENTO.

I
YOU
●
HE STUDY FOR THE TEST.
SHE
IT WILL
GO TO THE CINEMA THIS AFTERNOON.
WE
YOU
THEY

Nota: Cuando el sujeto es un pronombre personal (I, You, He, She, It, We, You, They), se puede contraer con
will de la siguiente manera: (I´ll, You´ll, She´ll, It´ll, We´ll, You´ll, They´ll)

I will = I´ll
You will = You´ll
He will = He´ll
She will = She´ll
It will = It´ll
We will = We´ll
You will = You´ll
They will = They’ll
EJERCICIOS:
ESCRIBE LA FORMA CORRECTA DEL TIEMPO FUTURO SIMPLE COMO EN EL EJEMPLO.

● FORMA NEGATIVA
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Para negar necesitamos de will para todos los sujetos e inmediatamente después del auxiliar will ponemos el not y el verbo principal
se escribe en su forma simple, es decir no lo conjugamos.
Nota: En vez de will not (forma completa), podemos usar won´t (forma contraída), ambos significan lo mismo.

(-) ☺ + WILL + NOT+ VERBO PRINCIPAL SIN CONJUGAR + COMPLEMENTO.

(WON´T)

I
YOU

HE WORK TOMORROW.
SHE WILL NOT GO TO SCHOOL TOMORROW.
IT ( WON´T ) STUDY ENGLISH TOMORROW.

WE
YOU
THEY

EJERCICIOS:
CAMBIA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA A LA FORMA NEGATIVA.

1.- They will arrive on time.

They will not arrive on time. / They won´t arrive on time) (Cualquiera de las dos formas de respuesta es válida)
2.- We will tell Tim about it.
__________________________________________
3.- We will eat in the same restaurant again.
__________________________________________
4.- You will get tired of that work.
__________________________________________
5.- I will do well in that job.
__________________________________________
6.- They will sign the contract tomorrow.
__________________________________________
7.- They will finish the work in April.
__________________________________________
8.- The meeting will last an hour.
__________________________________________
9.- The stores will close at noon today.
__________________________________________
10.- It will cost a lot of Money to remodel that house.
__________________________________________

● FORMA INTERROGATIVA

Para interrogar también necesitamos de will para todos los sujetos y el verbo principal se escribe en su forma simple,
es decir, no lo conjugamos.

Se siguen dos pasos para formar preguntas con respecto a la afirmación.

a) Coloca WILL antes del sujeto.
b) Cierra con el signo de interrogación ( ? ).

(?) WILL + ☺+ VERBO PRINCIPAL SIN CONJUGAR + COMPLEMENTO + ?

I
YOU

HE WORK TOMORROW

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WILL SHE GO TO SCHOOL TOMORROW ?

IT
WATCH THE NEWS
WE
YOU

EJERCICIOS:
CAMBIA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES A PREGUNTAS COMO EN EL EJEMPLO.

1. They will arrive on Wednesday.

Will they arrive on Wednesday?
2. It will cost $ 10 to fix the lamp.
________________________________________
3. The plant will die because of lack of sunlight.
________________________________________
4. They will spend two months in France.
________________________________________
5. She will meet us in the supermarket.
________________________________________
6. They will pay their bill next week.
________________________________________
7. The meeting will begin at eight o´clock.
________________________________________
8. It will last an hour.
________________________________________
9. She will leave a message on the table for him.
________________________________________
10. They will return in October.
________________________________________
11. They will write to us on Monday.
________________________________________
12. He will take the children to the park.
________________________________________
13. We will stay in the Hotel Americana.
________________________________________
14. I will pass the English test.
________________________________________

➢ FUTURO IDIOMÁTICO (GOING TO)

Otra forma para expresar el tiempo futuro es utilizar la forma apropiada del verbo TO BE + GOING TO
+ LA FORMA SIMPLE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL.

● FORMA AFIRMATIVA

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(+) ☺ + AM, IS ó ARE + GOING TO + VERBO PRINCIPAL SIN CONJUGAR + COMPLEMENTO.

(dependiendo de sujeto que utilicemos)

I AM
YOU ARE

HE STUDY FOR THE TEST.

SHE IS
IT GOING TO
WATCH THE NEWS.
WE
GOG
YOU ARE TTOTOG
THEY

EJERCICIOS
TOWILL
COMPLETA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON LA FORMA GOING TO DEL TIEMPO FUTURO, UTILIZANDO LOS VERBOS QUE ESTÁN ENTRE
PARÉNTESIS.
1.- They _________ us next weekend. (visit)
They are going to visit us next weekend.
2.- We ___________________ out tonight. (eat)
3.- I ____________________ for Europe on Tuesday. (leave)
4.- They ___________________for us after the show. (wait)
5.- She _____________________ to California. (drive)
6.- We _____________________ to Canada on our vacation. (go)
7.- You _____________________an exam in Mathematics tomorrow. (have)
8.- They ____________________to Europe by plane. (go)
9.- Henry ____________________ to be a doctor. (study)
10- He ______________________ his new job next week. (satart)

● FORMA NEGATIVA

(-) ☺ + AM, IS ó ARE + NOT + GOING TO + VERBO PRINCIPAL SIN CONJUGAR + COMPLEMENTO.
(dependiendo de sujeto que utilicemos)

I AM
YOU ARE

HE STUDY FOR THE TEST.

SHE IS
IT NOT GOING TO
WATCH THE NEWS.
WE
TTOTTTTOTOT
YOU ARE O TO GOG
THEY
TTOTOG
EJERCICIOS:
CAMBIA LAS ORACIONES ANTERIORES DE LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA A LA FORMA NEGATIVA
Ej. 1.- They are going to visit us next weekend.
TOWILL 4
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They are NOT going to visit us next weekend.

● FORMA INTERROGATIVA

(?) AM, IS ó ARE + ☺ + GOING TO + VERBO PRINCIPAL SIN CONJUGAR + COMPLEMENTO. + ?

(dependiendo de sujeto que utilicemos)

AM I
ARE YOU

HE STUDY FOR THE TEST?

IS SHE
GOING TO
IT WATCH THE NEWS?

WE
ARE YOU
THEY

EJERCICIOS:
CAMBIA LAS ORACIONES ANTERIORES DE LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA A LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Ej. 1.- They are going to visit us next weekend.
Are they going to visit us next weekend?
MODAL VERBS
Los verbos modales son ciertos verbos que son invariables, es decir: Se forman igual con todos los pronombres personales y el
verbo principal no se toca. Para negar simplemente se le agrega “not” inmediatamente después del modal, o su forma contraída.
Para preguntar, el modal se pasa a un principio y se cierra la oración con el signo de interrogación.

➢ MAY y MIGHT
Ambos tienen el mismo uso, aunque MAY indica un grado de mayor certeza al hablar de probabilidad:
Ej. She may forget the problems. Ella puede olvidar los problemas. (mayor probabilidad)
She might forget the problems. Ella podría olvidar los problemas. (menor probabilidad)

You may pay the bills. Tú puedes pagar las cuentas. (mayor probabilidad)
You might pay the bills. Tú podrías pagar las cuentas. (menor probabilidad)

Mientras que MIGHT tiene un grado de mayor cortesía al solicitar algo:

Ej. Might I use your telephone please? ¿Podría usar tu teléfono por favor? (mayor cortesía)
May I use your telephone please? ¿Puedo usar tu teléfono por favor? (menor cortesía)

Might I come in? ¿Podría entrar? (mayor cortesía)

May I come in? ¿Puedo entrar? (menor cortesía)

Hablando de probabilidad:
They may forgive me.
She may decide to travel to Spain.
He may accept your request.
She may not apologize her friend.
He might not find a solution to his problem.
Ellos pueden perdonarme.
Ella puede decidir viajar a España
Él puede aceptar tu petición.
Ella puede no disculpar a su amiga.
Él podría no encontrar una solución a su problema.

Para expresar una posibilidad en el futuro, solamente deberemos colocarle a la oración el momento en que se realizará la acción:
Ej. She may help me tomorrow. Ella podrá ayudarme mañana.
They might visit the hospital this afternoon. Ellos podrían visitar el hospital esta tarde.

➢ WOULD. Le da la terminación “ría” al verbo que le sigue

● Nos sirve para indicar una acción que en el pasado se posicionaba en el futuro:
Ej. I knew that she would travel to London. Yo sabía que ella viajaría a Londres

● Para expresar frases de cortesía, ya sean invitaciones u ofrecimientos:

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Ej. Would you like a chocalete? ¿Te gustaría un chocolate?

Would you like to visit me? ¿Te gustaría visitarme?
Would you like a cup of tea? ¿Te gustaría una taza de té?

● También podemos expresar deseos o peticiones de la siguiente manera:

Ej. I would like to travel to Paris. Me gustaría viajar a París
Would you lend me some money? ¿Me prestarías algo de dinero?
I would like to know your opinion. Me gustaría conocer tu opinion.
I wouldn´t like you go away. No me gustaría que te fueras.

● También se utiliza para indicar situaciones que no se pueden realizar ya que dependen de una situación que puede estar
expresada o no.
Ej. We would buy a new car. Nosotros compraríamos un nuevo automóvil.
(Para que logremos comprar el coche se debe cumplir una condición que en este caso no está expresada)

➢ CAN y COULD
Can significa poder refiriéndonos a la capacidad de hacer algo (habilidad), posibilidad o permiso.
Ej. He can build a house.
They can repair the car.
It´s expensive but I can buy it.
You can dance better.
He can´t travel to Europe.
Can you lend me money?
He can do the exercises.
You can continue.
Él puede construir una casa
Ellos pueden reparar el coche.
Es costoso pero puedo comprarlo.
Tú puedes bailar mejor.
Él no puede viajar a Europa.
¿Puedes prestarme dinero?
Él puede hacer los ejercicios.
Usted puede continuar.

Could significa pude, podía o podría. También se refiere a habilidad, posibilidad o permiso.
Ej. He could sell the tickets. Él pudo vender los boletos.
She couldn´t study the lesson. Ella no pudo estudiar la lección.
Could he repair the car? ¿Pudo él reparar el coche?
You could come to home after school. Podrías venir a casa después de la escuela.
You could study at the library. Podrías estudiar en la biblioteca.
My father said I could have a pet. Mi padre dijo que yo podía tener una mascota.
Forrest Gump could run very fast. Forrest Gump podía correr muy rápido.
Could you come to my party? Podrías venir a mi fiesta?

En el caso de oraciones en futuro simple o en tiempos continuos deberemos colocar TO BE ABLE que significa “ser capaz de”
en su forma correspondiente, por ejemplo:
He will be able to sing at the theater. El será capaz de cantar en el teatro.

➢ HAVE TO / HAS TO
¿PARA QUE SIRVE? Utilizamos el verbo ‘have to’ (tener que) para expresar necesidad u obligación externa, es decir,
obligación impuesta por otros.
Ej. I have to study for the exam. Tengo que estudiar para el examen.
I have to work. Tengo que trabajar.

Como decíamos, los verbos modales son ciertos verbos que son invariables, es decir, que se forman igual con todas los
pronombres personales. Sin embargo, el verbo 'have to' por sus peculiaridades suele considerarse un semi-modal.

¿CÓMO SE FORMA?
Utilizamos el verbo ‘have to’ como cualquier verbo, por lo que necesitamos recordar las formas del Presente Simple. El
verbo 'have to' sigue las reglas propias del Presente Simple, por lo que debemos tener en cuenta la tercera persona del
singular, es decir, para los sujetos he, she e it utilizamos ‘has to’, mientras que, para todos los demás sujetos usamos ‘have to’
para afirmar.
Además, necesitamos los auxiliares (DO /DOES) para formar la negativa y la interrogativa. DOES es para los sujetos he, she e
it, mientras que, DO es para todos los demás. Y al verbo que describe la acción (verbo principal) ya no se le toca.

FORMA AFIRMATIVA:
Ej. I have to study for the exam. Tengo que estudiar para el examen.
She has to study for the exam. Ella tiene que estudiar para el examen.
We have to work. Tenemos que trabajar.
He has to work. Él tiene que trabajar.

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FORMA NEGATIVA:
Ej. I don´t have to study for the exam. No tengo que estudiar para el examen.
She doesn´t have to study for the exam.Ella no tiene que estudiar para el examen.
We don´t have to work. No tenemos que trabajar.
He doesn´t have to work. Él no tiene que trabajar.

FORMA AFIRMATIVA:
Ej. Do I have to study for the exam? ¿Tengo que estudiar para el examen?
Does she have to study for the exam? ¿Ella tiene que estudiar para el examen?
Do we have to work? ¿Tenemos que trabajar?
Does he have to work? ¿Él tiene que trabajar?

➢ MUST
Hablaremos en esta oportunidad sobre otro de los verbos modales del idioma inglés: el verbo MUST, cuyo significado es deber,
y al cual se le pueden atribuir dos significados principales: para indicar que estamos seguros de la certeza de algo y también
para indicar que es necesario hacer algo.

Ej. She must be at home. Ella debe estar en casa.

(Indica la certeza de que ella ya se encuentra en su hogar)
You must follow the rules. Debes seguir las reglas.
(Es tu obligación respetar las reglas)

You must not smoke in a gas station. Usted no debe fumar en una gasolinería.
You musn´t park here. Usted no debe estacionarse aquí.

Must you go to school today? ¿Debes ir a la escuela el día de hoy?

Must we make a project? ¿Debemos hacer un proyecto?

➢ PRIMER CONDICIONAL (Futuro Posible)

También llamado Condicional de Futuro Posible. Como su nombre lo dice, implica una condición en el tiempo presente para que
posiblemente suceda en el futuro.
Se forma por dos oraciones para dar una idea completa. El primer condicional se forma con una oración de condición If en
tiempo presente por lo que necesitamos recordar las formas del Presente Simple, y una oración de consecuencia en el
tiempo futuro (will).

If significa ‘Si’

Ej. If I study, I will pass the exam. Si studio, pasaré el examen.

If she works hard, she will get a rise. Si ella trabaja duro, obtendrá un ascenso.

Además, necesitamos los auxiliares (DO /DOES) para formar la negativa. DOES es para los sujetos he, she e it, mientras que,
DO es para todos los demás. Y al verbo que describe la acción (verbo principal) ya no se le toca.
Ej. If I don´t study, I won´t pass the exam. Si no studio, no pasaré el examen.
If she doesn´t work hard, she won´t get a rise. Si ella no trabaja duro, no obtendrá un ascenso.

La cláusula If puede ir al principio o al final de la oración. Si va al final ya no lleva coma (,) y si va al principio sí la lleva.
Ej. I will pass the test if I study. Yo pasaré el examen si estudio
She will get a rise if she works hard. Ella obtendrá un ascenso si trabaja duro.
I won´t pass the exam if I don´t study. Yo no pasaré el examen si no studio.
She won´t get a rise if she doesn´t work hard. Ella no obtendrá un ascenso si no trabaja duro.

Más ejemplos:
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If you get lost, we will look for you. Si te pierdes, te buscaremos.

If I see Henry, I will give him your message.
I will go shopping with you if I have time.
If he fails the test, he will have to repeat the course.
I will talk with Naomi if she arrives on time.
If you drive slowly, you won´t have any accidents.
If the weather is warm, we will go out to the park.
Si veo a Henry, le daré tu mensaje.
Iré de compras contigo si tengo tiempo.
Si él reprueba el examen, tendrá que repetir el curso.
Hablaré con Naomi si llega a tiempo.
Si manejas despacio, no tendrás accidentes.
Si el clima está cálido, iremos al parque.

EJERCICIOS
COMPLETA ESTAS ORACIONES CON LOS VERBOS QUE ESTÁN ENTRE PARÉNTESIS EN LA FORMA CORRECTA.

1.- We__________________ (solve) many nproblems if we __________________ (invest) in new technology.

2.- If we _________________ (continue) to use fossil fuels, we _________________ (stop) global warming.
3.- It _______________ (be) too late if goverments _____________________ (act) immediately.
4.- If scientists________________ (develop) new sources of energy, the problem ________________ (diappear).
5.- If she ______________(save) her money, she _______________ (go) on vacation.

➢ PRESENTE PERFECTO.
EL TIEMPO PRESENTE PERFECTO NOS SIRVE PARA DESCRIBIR EXPERIENCIAS QUE YA HEMOS VIVIDO.

● FORMA AFIRMATIVA

(+) ☺ + HAVE ó HAS + VERBO PRINCIPAL CONJUGADO AL PASADO PARTICIPIO* + COMPLEMENTO.

. * ( VERBOS REGULARES CON LA TERMINACIÓN ED Ó
LA TERCERA COLUMNA DE LAS LISTAS DE VERBOS IRREGULARES )

I HAVE
YOU

HE PLAYED CHESS.
SHE HAS WORKED IN THAT COMPANY.
IT SEEN THAT PERSON BEFORE.
BEEN IN SPAIN.
WE
YOU HAVE
THEY

* EL PASADO PARTICIPIO DE TODOS LOS VERBOS REGULARES ES EL MISMO QUE EN LA FORMA DE PASADO SIMPLE
(WORKED, LIVED, STUDIED), ES DECIR, TERMINAN EN ED.
EL PASADO PARTICIPIO DE LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES CORRESPONDE A LA TERCERA COLUMNA DE LA LISTA Y DEBEN SER
MEMORIZADOS PARA SU MANEJO CORRECTO.

EJERCICIOS

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ESCRIBE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES EN EL TIEMPO PRESENTE PERFECTO

● FORMA NEGATIVA

(-) ☺ + HAVE ó HAS

.
+ NOT + VERBO PRINCIPAL CONJUGADO AL PASADO PARTICIPIO*
* ( VERBOS REGULARES CON LA TERMINACIÓN ED Ó
+ COMPLEMENTO.
LA TERCERA COLUMNA DE LAS LISTAS DE VERBOS IRREGULARES )

I HAVE
YOU

HE PLAYED CHESS.
SHE HAS NOT WORKED IN THAT COMPANY.
IT SEEN THAT PERSON BEFORE.
BEEN IN SPAIN.
WE
YOU HAVE
THEY

HAVE NOT = HAVEN´T HAS NOT = HASN´T

EJERCICIOS
CAMBIA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA A LA FORMA NEGATIVA.

1. You have worked very hard at your job.

(You have not worked very hard at your job.)

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● FORMA INTERROGATIVA

(?)
.
HAVE ó HAS + ☺+ VERBO PRINCIPAL CONJUGADO AL PASADO PARTICIPIO*
*( VERBOS REGULARES CON LA TERMINACIÓN ED Ó
+ COMPLEMENTO + ?
LA TERCERA COLUMNA DE LAS LISTAS DE VERBOS IRREGULARES )

HAVE I
YOU

HE PLAYED CHESS.

HAS SHE WORKED IN THAT COMPANY ?

IT SEEN THAT PERSON BEFORE.
BEEN IN SPAIN.
WE
HAVE YOU
THEY

EJERCICIOS
CAMBIA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA A LA INTERROGATIVA.
1. You have worked very hard at your job.
(Have you worked very hard at your job?)

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FUTURO SIMPLE
CUANDO FINALICES ESTA LECCIÓN PODRÁS EXPRESAR DE MANERA ESCRITA U ORAL LA INFORMACIÓN ACERCA DE
SITUACIONES Y EXPERIENCIAS DEL
FUTURO, DESCRIBIR METAS Y UN PROYECTO DE VIDA.
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE FUTURE (Subject)
Es usado para hablar acerca de acciones, condiciones, estados futuros. (NO PLANES)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
SUBJECT ( I, YOU HE, WILL VERB THE DOG, MY FRIENDS)
Examples:
She will sing in the party
My son will be twelve years old next month.
NEGATIVE FORM
SUBJECT (I, YOU HE, WILL NOT VERB THE DOG, MY FRIENDS) WON´T
Examples:
I won´t go to the party next Monday
They won´t dance all night long
QUESTION FORM QUESTION WORD WILL SUBJECT (I YOU, HE, VERB THE DOG, MY FRIENDS)
Examples:
Where will your parents go to celebrate their anniversary?
Will you come with me to the party?
Won´t you go to visit your parents for Christmas?
También lo puedes usar para hablar acerca de promesas o intenciones:
Examples:
I will always be with you!
We will achieve it together!

EXERCISE 1. USE WILL USE SHORT FORMS OF WILL AND DO THE TRANSLATE OF SENTENCES.
1. If I arrive late, I (call)____________________________________you.
2. They (help)____________________________________________you.
3. Maybe he (stay)________________________________________at home tonight.
4. My friends ( go/ probably)_________________________________________to the beach.
5. Peter buy ___________________________the tickets.
6. I hope that my boy friend (cook)_____________________________dinner tonight.
7. We think Germany (win)________________________________________the match.
8. I I´m sure my boss (understand)_________________________________________my problem.
9. I (get)__________________________________________you a drink. Do you like coffee?
10. Maybe my sister offer __________________________________a party.
11. Perhaps Mary (do)____________________________the exam.
12. It´s late. I think I (go)__________________________________to bed now.

EXERCISE 2. COMPLETE DE SENTENCES WITH WILL IN NEGATIVE FORM AND TRANSLATE THEM.
1. I (answer)_________________________________________the questions.
2. My brother (lock) _____________________________________the door.
3. The boy (catch)____________________________________the ball.
4. I (read)___________________________________________________that magazine.
5. We (send)_____________________________________________that present to my uncle
6. My grandmother (open)___________________________________________the door.
7. The children (eat)_______________________________________fish.

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8. He (listen)______________________________________________ to the radio.

9. I (drink)_______________________________________________________beer
10.It (rain)_________________________________________________
11. You ask__________________________ him.
12. The teacher (test) ____________________________________our English

COMO PUEDES VER WON´T Y WILL NO CAMBIAN CON LOS DIFERENTES PRONOMBRES PERSONALES.
EXERCISE.3 COMPLETE DE SENTENCES WITH WILL IN INTERROGATIVE FORM.
1. (you/go/to the party)_________________________________________________________________?
2. (James /open/ the window)____________________________________________________________?
3. (your mother/cook/a cake)____________________________________________________________?
4. (She/get/married)___________________________________________________________________?
5. (you/help/me/with my homework)_______________________________________________________?
6. (what/we/eat)______________________________________________________________________?
7. (when/ Megan/be famous)____________________________________________________________?
8. (they/visit/their grand parents)________________________________________________________?
9. (we /meet/Rihanna)_________________________________________________________________?
10. (I earn/lots of money)______________________________________________________________?
11. (who/drive/us/into town)____________________________________________________________?
12. (you/meet/that boy)________________________________________________________________?
GOING TO
GRAMMAR:
FUTURE (Going to ) es usado para expresar:
Una acción en futuro cercano que ya ha sido planeada o preparada.
Example:
I am going to study harder next year.
Una conclusión sobre el futuro inmediato.
Example:
The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.
Expresiones de tiempo en un año, la próxima semana, mañana, el próximo año, etc
AFFIRMATIVE
SUBJECT (AM, IS / ARE) GOING TO VERB
Example:
They are going to travel next year
NEGATIVE
SUBJECT (AM, IS/ARE) NOT GOING TO VERB
Example:
He isn’t going to come.
INTERROGATIVE
AM IS ARE SUBJECT GOING TO VERB
Example:
Are you going to drive
EXERCISE 1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES, USING SHORT FORMS OF BE GOING TO AND THE VERBS IN BRACKETS ( )
Example: I’m going to study (study) music at university.
1. I______ going to ____________ (travel) all over the world.
2. I ______ not going to______________ ( work) in an office.
3. I _________ going to__________ (marry) a very rich woman.
4. We _______ going to ______ (have) eleven boys.
5. They _____ going to________ (become) a football team.
6. They _______going to _____________ (win) the World Cup.
7. I ___________going to _____________ (play) the piano every night in a café.
8. My wife ________ going to _________ (cook) a delicious turkey!
9. We ___________ going to____________ (eat) in restaurants every day.
10. You ____________ going to _______________(listen) the best

VERBOS MODALES
AL TERMINAR ESTA LECCIÓN IDENTIFICARÁS LOS VERBOS MODALES, ASÍ COMO SU USO EN EXPRESIONES COTIDIANAS Y
EN TEXTOS.
Recuerda que los verbos modales expresan habilidad, posibilidad, necesidad u otra condición y no funcionan sin otro verbo.
Los verbos modales son: can, could, may, might, would, should, must/have to, ought to, will, así como: couldn´t, can´t, shouldn´t, may
not, mustn´t, won´t, wouldn´t.

EXERCISE 1.ABOUT READING, YOU MUST UNDERLINE WITH RED COLOR, THE MODAL VERBS AND ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
When I was a boy, I couldn't go out like my other friends. My mom always used to tell me "you shouldn´t be outside with those kids, you
could be doing something more
productive instead". I used to think "If you just would let me live my life..." but i never said a word.
When I was 15, my mom died and I know I shouldn't take that as a pretext of what I did with my life. I remember that I started smoking
and drinking (like my other friends)
and when I was 17 i became addicted to heroin, then my friends started telling me "You ought to stop partying all the time, you look like
stupid" But I never listened to them, I
knew I could die but I didn't really care.
One day, I went to a party with my girlfriend, she loved me although I didn't deserve that, and I remember I got really drunk there. She
told me I couldn't hold me, so she

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should drive the car back home. I told her "I'm ok, I can drive, you need to relax" and she looked really nervous but she didn't say a word.
When I was driving, something
inside my head told me "You shouldn't be driving... You could have an accident and you're with your girlfriend... You ought to stop at the
side of the freeway and let her drive",
but once again, I didn't listen. I'm not sure of what happened next. I just remember I got knocked out and my head was bleeding so bad...
but I didn't worry about myself, I
started to call my girlfriend, I didn't know where she was... she whispered "I'm here... I'm ok" and when I could stand up, I followed her
voice and found her, she looked really
bad, that 's when I realized I had to change... I started to pray for her, she just told me "You need to change, you can't live like this
anymore... I might die, I think I will die but
you'll be fine... Just take care and would you do me a favor?" I didn't say a word... She whispered once again "Things could have been
better, you know? I should have know
that you won´t never change, if you don´t wish” And she closed her eyes. I was speechless, i couldn't believe she was dead! Then the
ambulance arrived and I wished i would
have died as well.
When I got home, I thought "man, look what you've done... she's dead because of you, you must change, you have to do better with your
life, you can't live like this, you'll
end up worse than your mom or her"
And this time, I did listen to that voice. I started college and I'll become a lawyer soon. I miss my girlfriend so much, but i know if she
could say something now, she probably
would say "I'm proud of you, you dared to change and your mom would be proud of you as well, we might be together some day, but for
now, do the best you can"

EXERCISE 2. ABOUT READING ANSWER THE FOLLOW QUESTIOS:

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION:
1. What did his mom say?
a) I might die and I started to pray for her.
b) I didn´t worry about myself.
c) I´m not sure of what happened next. I just remember I got knocked out and my head was bleeding so bad.
d) You shouldn´t be outside with those kids, you could be doing something more
productive.
2. Which is the answer to his mother?
a) If you just would let me live my life
b) I'm proud of you, you dared to change and your mom would be proud of you
c) And this time
d) I´m going to falling in love.
3. What is his friends tell him?
a) I went to a party with my girlfriend, she loved me although I didn't deserve that, and I remember I got really drunk there.
b) We might be together some day, but for now, do the best you can"
c) I got knocked out any my head.
d) You ought to stop partying all the time, you look like stupid.
4. Who should drive the car? And what did his head tell him?
a) I couldn´t believe she was dead! And I would have died as wellb)
You shouldn´t be outside with those kids, you could be doing something more productive.
c) She would drive the car and you shouldn´t driving, you could have an accident.
● d) If you just would let me live my life
5. What did he think when he saw her dead?
a) I couldn´t believe she was dead! And I would have died as well.
b) I´m here, I´m ok and when I could stand up.
c) When I was a boy I couldn´t go out like my other friends.
d) You ought to stop partying all the time, you look like a stupid.

EXERCISE 3 COMPLETE THE SENTENSES WITH MODAL VERBS: CAN, COULD AND WON´T (ATTENTION TO THE TENSES)
1. I'm sorry, but we __________ go to your party next Saturday.
2. She got the job because she __________ speak five languages.
3. You are speaking very quietly. I __________ hear you.
4. I was tired but I ___________ leave until the meeting finished.
5. He __________ go to the concert next Saturday. He is working.
6. She ___________ understand me in spite of the noise around.
7. I____ _______ see you tomorrow.
8. When they came back from Paris, they __________ speak perfect French..
9. We _________ contact our agent in Athens a few minutes ago.
10. After the accident, he somehow ___________ walk home.

● EXERCISE 3. WRITE IN ENGLISH, USE MODAL VERBS: MAY, COULD

1.¿Podría hablar con usted un momento? _____________________________________________________________________

2. Ayer no pude terminar el trabajo. ___________________________________________________________________________

3. Puedo salir un momento? __________________________________________________________________________________

4. Puede que llueva _______________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 4. REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING MAY OR MIGHT.( AFFIRMATIVE OR NEGATIVE )

1. Perhaps it will rain tomorrow
______________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Perhaps my friend will visit me tomorrow

______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Maybe he will find a new job
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Perhaps he'll go to the university
____________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH MUST, MUSTN'T or HAVE TO.

1. Some years ago in Spain, men ____________ do military service.
2. Sarah is a nurse, sometimes she ____________ work at weekends.
3. I eat too much chocolate, I really ___________ stop.
4. I'm sorry, you ___________ smoke here.
5. You __________ take that money, it isn't yours.

EXERCISE 6. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A MODAL VERB: MUSTN´T,MUST,COULD,CAN,HAD TO, MAY AND SHOULD.

1. You ___________________________ fall asleep when you are driving.

2. __________________________________________ you help me move the furniture?
3. A fish _______________ swim, but it ____________________ fly.
4. _______________________________________________ we go climbing? - No, let's go swimming.
5. You can only smoke in the canteen, you _________________________ smoke in this room.
6. You ____________________________ leave medicines in places where children can get hold of them.
7. My grandfather was very clever, he _____________________________________________ speak four languages.
8. I'm hungry. - Don't worry, I _____________________________________________________ make a sandwich for you.
9. She's got temperature, she ________________________________ go out today, she ___________________________ stay in bed.
10. Yes, you ___________________________ learn the verbs before the exam.

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