Theory of Architecture 1: Chapter 3: Form & Space

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1
CHAPTER 3: FORM & SPACE

CHAPTER 2: FORM &
SPACE
FORM & SPACE THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES
FORM DEFINING SPACE
1. Horizontal Elements: Base
Plane
a) Elevated Base Plane
“... JUST AS WE TAKE b) Depressed Base Plane

c) Overhead Plane
ADVANTAGE OF
2. Vertical Elements
a) Vertical Linear Elements
b) Single Vertical Plane
WHAT IS, c) L-Shaped Plane

d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
WE SHOULD f) Four Planes: Closure

OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
RECOGNIZE THE
ELEMENTS
a) Openings within planes
b) Openings at corners
UTILITY OF WHAT IS c) Openings between planes

QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL
NOT.” SPACE
a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
- LAO TZU - c) Light

CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
UNITY OF OPPOSITES THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
1. POSITIVE ELEMENTS - figures b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
2. NEGATIVE ELEMENTS – background 2. Vertical Elements

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
f) Four Planes: Closure
ELEMENTS
c) Openings between planes
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
 the positive elements that attract our attention, b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
could not exist without a contrasting background 2. Vertical Elements
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
 Figures and their background, therefore, are more b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
than opposing elements. Together, they form an 2. Vertical Elements
inseparable reality—a unity of opposites—just as the b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
elements of form and space together form the reality d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
of architecture f) Four Planes: Closure
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Various strategies for relating the form of a building to b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
the space around it: 2. Vertical Elements
a) form a wall along an edge of its site and begin to b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
define a positive outdoor space d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
b) merge its interior space with the private outdoor b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
space of a walled site d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
c) enclose a portion of its site as an outdoor room and b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
shelter it from undesirable climatic conditions d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
d. surround and enclose a courtyard or atrium space b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
within its volume—an introverted scheme d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
e) stand as a distinct object in space and dominate its b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
site through its form and topographical d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
positioning—an extroverted scheme f) Four Planes: Closure

ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
f) stretch out and present a broad face to address a b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
view, terminate an axis, or define an edge of an d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
urban space f) Four Planes: Closure

ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
g) stand free within its site but extend its interior b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
spaces to merge with private exterior spaces d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
h) stand as a positive form in negative space b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
 When we place a two-dimensional figure on a piece of b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
paper, it influences the shape of the white space around 2. Vertical Elements
it. In a similar manner, any three-dimensional form b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
naturally articulates the volume of space surrounding it d) Parallel Planes
and generates a field of influence or territory which it e) U-Shaped Plane
claims as its own. OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
 The following section of this chapter looks at horizontal a) Openings within planes
and vertical elements of form and presents examples of c) Openings between planes
how various configurations of these formal elements SPACE
generate and define specific types of space. b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS: BASE PLANE b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a contrasting

background defines a simple field of space. b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 Perceptible if there is change in color, texture or tone e) U-Shaped Plane
 Define or generates a spatial zone OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS: BASE PLANE b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 This field can be visually reinforced in the following

ways: b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 ELEVATED BASE PLANE e) U-Shaped Plane
 DEPRESSED BASE PLANE OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
 OVERHEAD BASE PLANE a) Openings within planes
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
ELEVATED BASE PLANE b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Define the boundaries of its field & interrupts the
flow of spaces b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 Extroverted, significant space e) U-Shaped Plane
 Spatial & visual continuity depends on the scale of OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
level of change a) Openings within planes
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
ELEVATED BASE PLANE: b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
Scale of the Level of 2. Vertical Elements
Change b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
The edge of the field is OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
well-defined; visual ELEMENTS
and spatial continuity b) Openings at corners

is maintained; physical QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

SPACE
access is easily a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
accommodated c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
Scale of the Level of 2. Vertical Elements
Change b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
Visual continuity is OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
maintained; spatial ELEMENTS
continuity is b) Openings at corners

interrupted; physical QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

SPACE
access requires the use a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
of stairs or ramps. c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Scale of the Level of c) Overhead Plane
Change a) Vertical Linear Elements
c) L-Shaped Plane
Visual and spatial d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
continuity is interrupted; f) Four Planes: Closure
the field of the elevated OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
plane is isolated from the a) Openings within planes
ground or floor plane; b) Openings at corners
the elevated plane is QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL
transformed into a SPACE
sheltering element for a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
the space below c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
Purposes 2. Vertical Elements
a) used to venerate sacred b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
and honorific buildings d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
b) define a transitional space f) Four Planes: Closure
between the interior of a ELEMENTS
building and the outdoor a) Openings within planes
environment c) Openings between planes
c) establish a singular zone SPACE
of space within a larger b) View or outlook
room or hall c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
DEPRESSED BASE PLANE b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Isolates a field of space from its context
 Introverted, protective space c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 Spatial & visual continuity depends on the scale of e) U-Shaped Plane
level of change OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
DEPRESSED BASE PLANE: Articulation b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
a) vertical surfaces of the depression establish the 2. Vertical Elements
boundaries of the field b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
b) contrasting the surface treatment of the lowered e) U-Shaped Plane
area and that of the surrounding base plane OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
c) contrast in form, geometry, or orientation can also a) Openings within planes
visually reinforce the identity and independence of c) Openings between planes
the sunken field from its larger spatial context SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
DEPRESSED BASE b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
PLANE: Scale of the 2. Vertical Elements
Level of Change b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
The depressed field OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
can be an interruption ELEMENTS
of the ground or floor b) Openings at corners

plane and remain an QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

SPACE
integral part of the a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
surrounding space. c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
PLANE: Scale of the c) Overhead Plane

Level of Change a) Vertical Linear Elements
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
Increasing the depth of e) U-Shaped Plane
the depressed field OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
weakens its visual ELEMENTS
relationship with the b) Openings at corners
surrounding space and QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL
strengthens its SPACE
definition as a distinct b) View or outlook
volume of space. c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
PLANE: Scale of the 2. Vertical Elements
Level of Change a) Vertical Linear Elements

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
Once the original base f) Four Planes: Closure
plane is above our OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING

ELEMENTS
eyelevel, the a) Openings within planes
depressed field c) Openings between planes
becomes a separate SPACE
and distinct room in a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
itself. c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
DEPRESSED BASE PLANE: b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
Purposes 2. Vertical Elements
a) Serve as stages for outdoor b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
arenas & amphitheaters d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
b) Define sheltered outdoor spaces f) Four Planes: Closure
c) Reduce the scale of a room and ELEMENTS
define a more intimate space b) Openings at corners
d) Transitional space between two QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL
SPACE
floors of a building a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
OVERHEAD BASE PLANE b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Defines a field of
space between itself b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
and ground plane d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
 Offers a sense of OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
enclosure beneath ELEMENTS
 Roof and ceiling plane c) Openings between planes
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
OVERHEAD BASE PLANE: b) Depressed Base Plane
Purpose c) Overhead Plane

 shelters the interior b) Single Vertical Plane
spaces of a building
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
from sun, rain, and e) U-Shaped Plane

snow, but also has a OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING

ELEMENTS
major impact on the a) Openings within planes
overall form of a c) Openings between planes
building and the SPACE
shaping of its spaces

b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
OVERHEAD BASE PLANE: Types b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
 In the previous section of this chapter, horizontal b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
planes defined fields of space in which the vertical 2. Vertical Elements
boundaries were implied rather than explicitly b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
described. The following section discusses the critical d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
role vertical elements of form play in firmly f) Four Planes: Closure
establishing the visual limits of a spatial field. ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Vertical forms b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 have a greater presence in our visual field than

horizontal planes; more instrumental in defining a b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
discrete volume of space and providing a sense of d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
enclosure and privacy for those within it. f) Four Planes: Closure
ELEMENTS
 serve to separate one space from another and a) Openings within planes
establish a common boundary between the interior c) Openings between planes
and exterior environments. SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Vertical forms b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 serve as structural supports for floor and roof planes

 provide shelter and protection from the climatic c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
elements and aid in controlling the flow of air, heat, e) U-Shaped Plane
and sound into and through the interior spaces of a OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
building. a) Openings within planes
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Vertical Linear Elements b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Define the perpendicular edges of a volume of space

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Single Vertical Plane b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 articulates the space on which it fronts

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Single Vertical Plane b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 define the principal facade of a building fronting a

public space, establish a gateway through which one b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
passes, as well as articulate spatial zones within d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
L-Shaped Plane b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
§ Generates a field of space from its 2. Vertical Elements
corner outward along its diagonal b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
axis d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Parallel Planes b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 define a volume of space between them that is

oriented axially toward both open ends of the b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
configuration. d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
U-Shaped Plane b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Defines a volume of space that is oriented primarily

toward the open end of the configuration b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
U-Shaped Plane b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Defines a volume of space that is oriented primarily

toward the open end of the configuration b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Four Planes: Closure b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Establish the boundaries of an introverted space

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Four Planes: Closure b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Establish the boundaries of an introverted space

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING ELEMENTS THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
 Provide continuity with adjacent spaces b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Weaken enclosure of the space 2. Vertical Elements

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 Doors - offers entry into a room; influence the patterns of e) U-Shaped Plane
movement and use within a space OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
 Windows – allows light to penetrate & illuminates; offers a) Openings within planes
outdoor views; provide natural ventilation; establish c) Openings between planes
visual relationships between room and adjacent spaces QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Within Planes b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 An opening can be located wholly within a wall or

ceiling plane and be surrounded on all sides by the b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
surface of the plane d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Within Planes b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 Centered: appears stable & visually organized

 Off-centered: creates a degree of visual tension c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 Grouped: clustered form - a unified composition
e) U-Shaped Plane
staggered or dispersed form -creates visual OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
ELEMENTS
movement a) Openings within planes
 Deep set:
SPACE
 Skylight a) Degree of enclosure
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
At Corners b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 An opening can be located along one edge or at a

corner of a wall or ceiling plane. In either case, the b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
opening will be at a corner of a space d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 give a space and the planes in which they are located

a diagonal orientation b) Single Vertical Plane

c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
 directional effect may be desirable for compositional e) U-Shaped Plane
reasons OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING
 corner opening may be established to capture a desirable
ELEMENTS
view or brighten a dark corner of a space. b) Openings at corners
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
c) Overhead Plane
 An opening can extend vertically between the floor

and ceiling planes or horizontally between two wall b) Single Vertical Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
planes. It can grow in size to occupy an entire wall of d) Parallel Planes

e) U-Shaped Plane
a space f) Four Planes: Closure

ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
1. Degree of Enclosure: form of the space b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
2. View or Outlook: focus of the space 2. Vertical Elements

3. Light: illumination of its surfaces and forms c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Degree of Enclosure b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
View or Outlook b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Light b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light
CHAPTER 3: FORM &
SPACE
FORM DEFINING SPACE
Plane
Light b) Depressed Base Plane
c) Overhead Plane
c) L-Shaped Plane
d) Parallel Planes
e) U-Shaped Plane
ELEMENTS
SPACE
b) View or outlook
c) Light

Theory of Architecture 1: Chapter 3: Form & Space

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Theory of Architecture 1: Chapter 3: Form & Space

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THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1

CHAPTER 3: FORM & SPACE

“... JUST AS WE TAKE b) Depressed Base Plane

WHAT IS, c) L-Shaped Plane

WE SHOULD f) Four Planes: Closure

UTILITY OF WHAT IS c) Openings between planes

- LAO TZU - c) Light

2. NEGATIVE ELEMENTS – background 2. Vertical Elements

define a positive outdoor space d) Parallel Planes

space of a walled site d) Parallel Planes

shelter it from undesirable climatic conditions d) Parallel Planes

d. surround and enclose a courtyard or atrium space b) Single Vertical Plane

within its volume—an introverted scheme d) Parallel Planes

site through its form and topographical d) Parallel Planes

positioning—an extroverted scheme f) Four Planes: Closure

view, terminate an axis, or define an edge of an d) Parallel Planes

urban space f) Four Planes: Closure

spaces to merge with private exterior spaces d) Parallel Planes

h) stand as a positive form in negative space b) Single Vertical Plane

 A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a contrasting

background defines a simple field of space. b) Single Vertical Plane

 This field can be visually reinforced in the following

ways: b) Single Vertical Plane

and spatial continuity b) Openings at corners

is maintained; physical QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

continuity is b) Openings at corners

interrupted; physical QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

of the ground or floor b) Openings at corners

plane and remain an QUALITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

PLANE: Scale of the c) Overhead Plane

Level of Change a) Vertical Linear Elements

plane is above our OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING

Purpose c) Overhead Plane

from sun, rain, and e) U-Shaped Plane

snow, but also has a OPENINGS IN SPACE-DEFINING

shaping of its spaces

 have a greater presence in our visual field than

horizontal planes; more instrumental in defining a b) Single Vertical Plane

discrete volume of space and providing a sense of d) Parallel Planes

 serve as structural supports for floor and roof planes

 Define the perpendicular edges of a volume of space

 articulates the space on which it fronts

 define the principal facade of a building fronting a

passes, as well as articulate spatial zones within d) Parallel Planes

 define a volume of space between them that is

configuration. d) Parallel Planes

 Defines a volume of space that is oriented primarily

toward the open end of the configuration b) Single Vertical Plane

 Defines a volume of space that is oriented primarily

toward the open end of the configuration b) Single Vertical Plane

 Establish the boundaries of an introverted space

 Establish the boundaries of an introverted space

 Weaken enclosure of the space 2. Vertical Elements

 An opening can be located wholly within a wall or

surface of the plane d) Parallel Planes

 Centered: appears stable & visually organized

 An opening can be located along one edge or at a

opening will be at a corner of a space d) Parallel Planes

 give a space and the planes in which they are located

a diagonal orientation b) Single Vertical Plane

 An opening can extend vertically between the floor

planes. It can grow in size to occupy an entire wall of d) Parallel Planes

a space f) Four Planes: Closure