ZOOLOGY 120

Classification of Transport Mechanisms

Non-specific permeation
Passage through the hydrophobic medium-hydrophobic molecules
membrane interior
Passage through true pores
of lipids different solutes (electroporation)
of proteins different solutes (connexons)

Specific transport
through selective channels
non-gated anions in porins
voltage-gated cations in nerve cells
ligand-gated cations in postsynaptic membrane
mechanically-gated K+ in inner ear hair cells
on carrier
by mediated
uniport monosaccharides in erythrocytes
antiport ADP/ATP in mitochondria
by an active process
primary
free energy of ATP cations on ATPase
hydrolysis
xenobiotics on ABC-type proteins
free energy of oxidation H+ in mitochondria
photon capture H+ in halobacteria
decarboxylation Na+ in alkaliphilic bacteria
secondary
symport with H+ lactose in Gram-negative bacteria
symport with Na+ glycine in tumor cells
symport with K+ lysine in insect gut
by group translocation sugars in bacteria

Transport of macromolecules
without vesicle formation
with vesicle formation
fluid pinocytosis
receptor endocytosis
exocytosis
proteins in nuclear pore
nutrients in amoebae
transferrin in liver cells
neurotransmitters of nerve cell
end
Examples of secondary active transports driven by univalent cations

Symport with H+
Escherichia coli Galactose, glucose, alanine, glycine, glucose-6-
phosphate, lactate
Staphylococcus aureus Amino acids
Streptococcus faecalis Amino acids, lactate
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Purines, pyrimidines, amino acids,
disaccharides, sulfate, phosphate
Rhodotorula gracilis Monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids,
polyols
Chlorella vulgaris Monosaccharides
Vicia faba Monosaccharides
Torpedo california Acetylcholine, catecholamines

Symport with Na+

Escherichia coli Glutamic acid, melibiose, proline, pantothenate
Halobacterium halobium Amino acids
Salmonella typhimurium Pantopthenate, thiomethylgalactosides
Bacillus alcalophilus 2-aminoisobutyrate
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Phosphate
Hepatocytes Thiamine
Enterocytes Ascorbate, monosaccharides, amino acids
Kidney cortex cells Amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleosides,
phosphate, sulfate
Tumor cells Amino acids
Bird erythrocytes Amino acids

Symport with K+
Insect gut Basic amino acids