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This document discusses the relationship between electrical frequency (fe) and mechanical frequency (fm) in alternators. It states that fm=fe/Pp, where Pp is the number of pole pairs. So as the number of pole pairs increases, the mechanical frequency decreases relative to the electrical frequency. It also provides formulas to convert between fm in Hertz and rpm. The key point is that alternators synchronize so that the rotating magnetic field speed equals the rotor speed, and this synchronization is represented by the fm=fe/Pp relationship.
This document discusses the relationship between electrical frequency (fe) and mechanical frequency (fm) in alternators. It states that fm=fe/Pp, where Pp is the number of pole pairs. So as the number of pole pairs increases, the mechanical frequency decreases relative to the electrical frequency. It also provides formulas to convert between fm in Hertz and rpm. The key point is that alternators synchronize so that the rotating magnetic field speed equals the rotor speed, and this synchronization is represented by the fm=fe/Pp relationship.
This document discusses the relationship between electrical frequency (fe) and mechanical frequency (fm) in alternators. It states that fm=fe/Pp, where Pp is the number of pole pairs. So as the number of pole pairs increases, the mechanical frequency decreases relative to the electrical frequency. It also provides formulas to convert between fm in Hertz and rpm. The key point is that alternators synchronize so that the rotating magnetic field speed equals the rotor speed, and this synchronization is represented by the fm=fe/Pp relationship.
Let fefe represents the electrical frequency and fmfm represents the mechanical
frequency and PpPp represents the number of pole pairs.
Now, consider an alternator with PpPp number of pole pairs wound on it’s rotor (be it salient or non-salient type poles !!! ) and let the stator windings are 3 phase windings (star or delta as our wish !!!). Then, when there is only one pole pair (i.e. Pp=1Pp=1or two poles i.e. one N and one S pole produced by DC current in rotor winding), one rotation of excited rotor will induce one cycle of AC voltage in stator’s 3 phase winding (This can be understood by Fleming’s right hand rule and can be seen visually on CRO screen). In this case, we can say mechanical frequency of rotor (i.e. speed of rotor in rps (i.e. rotations per second or Hertz (Hz))) is equal to electrical frequency (i.e. frequency of induced AC voltage in stator in cycles per second i.e. Hertz) i.e. we can say fm=fefm=fewhen Pp=1Pp=1 When there are two pole pairs i.e. Pp=2Pp=2 or 4 poles (2 N and 2 S poles produced in N-S-N-S sequence), we observe that half rotation of the rotor will complete one cyle of AC induced voltage in stator winding OR one rotation of rotor induces two cycles of AC voltage in stator winding. Hence, we can say when, Pp=2Pp=2, fm=fe/2fm=fe/2 Similarly, as the number of pole pairs increases, we observe fm=fe/Ppfm=fe/Pp Now, if ‘pp’ is the number of both N and S poles collectively, we can write Pp=p/2Pp=p/2(since one pole pair means one N and one S pole) . Hence, in terms of number of poles, we can write fm=2fe/pfm=2fe/p The point to note here is that, in above formula both fefe and fmfm have a same unit i.e. Hertz which means cycles per second. When ‘fefe’ is expressed in Hertz and we want ‘fmfm’ in RPM then, fm(RPM)=60×fm(Hertz)fm(RPM)=60×fm(Hertz) i.e. fm(RPM)=60×(2fe/p)fm(RPM)=60×(2fe/p) where ‘fefe’ is in Hertz) i.e. fm(RPM)=120fe/pfm(RPM)=120fe/p where ‘fefe’ is expressed in Hertz) Interpretation of the formula for generator: The alternator’s rotor with ‘pp’ number of N and S poles mount on it rotating at a speed of ‘fmfm’ hertz or ‘60fm60fm’ RPM speed will produce a rotating magnetic field (whose rotation’s speed is same as the rotor’s speed) and this will induce an AC voltage of frequency ‘fefe’ Hertz in 3 phase stator’s windings. Interpretation of the formula for motor: When, the motor’s 3-phase stator with ‘pp’ number of N and S poles per phase (created by winding in its stator part) is given a balanced 3 phase AC supply of ‘fefe’ Hertz will generate a rotating magnetic field which would rotate at a speed of ‘fmfm’ Hertz or ‘60fm60fm’ RPM speed or ‘120fe/p120fe/p’ RPM speed . Read Concept of Electrical and Mechanical Angles & Synchronous Speed for better explanation.