Line Parameter

Positive Sequence Z1= 0.0752+j0.398 Ώ/km

Zero Sequence Z0= 0.226+ j1.194 Ώ/km

Line Length = 30.1 km

Length of Shortest line =80km
Length of Longest line =80km
CT Ratio =800
PT Ratio =220kv
Zone 1 Setting =80%
Zone 2 Setting =50%
Zone 3 Setting =100%
Zone 4 Setting =20%
Imp Ratio = CT/PT=0.4
Fault Resistance ph-ph =4.0
Fault Resistance ph-Earth =24.0
Reactance Ratio = 1.0

Line Impedance
Zone-1:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.0752 * 30.1 * 0.4
R1 = 0.905

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.398 * 30.1 * 0.4
X1 = 4.792

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 30.1 * 0.4
R0 = 2.721

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 30.1 * 0.4
X0 = 14.376

Zone-2:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.0752 * 80 * 0.4
R1 = 2.406
Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.398 * 80 * 0.4
X1 = 12.736

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 80 * 0.4
R0 = 7.232

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 80 * 0.4
X0 = 38.208

Zone-3:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.0752 * 80 * 0.4
R1 = 2.406

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.398 * 80 * 0.4
X1 = 12.736

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 80 * 0.4
R0 = 7.232

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 80 * 0.4
X0 = 38.208

Zone-4:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.0752 * 84 * 0.4
R1 = 2.527

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.398 * 84 * 0.4
X1 = 13.373
Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.226 * 84 * 0.4
R0 = 7.594

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 84 * 0.4
X0 = 40.118

Setting Calculation
Zone-1:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = R1 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio
= 0.905 * 0.8 * 1
R1 = 0.724

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = X1 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 4.792 * 0.8 * 1
X1 = 3.834

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = R0 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 2.721 * 0.8 * 1
R0 = 2.177

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = X0 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 14.376 * 0.8 * 1
X0 = 11.501
Formula:

Fault Resistance ph-ph = [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP = ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4

= ( 2 * 0.724 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 3.048

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN

= [ ( 2.177+ 2*0.724 / 3 ) + ( 24 * 0.4 ) ]/ 1.7
= 10.80 / 1.7
= 6.35

Zone-2:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = Zone1 R1 + [ 50% * Zone2 R1 ]
= 0.905 + [ 0.5 * 2.406 ]
 R1 = 2.109

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = Zone1 X1 + [ 50% * Zone2 X1 ]

=4.792 + [ 0.5 * 12.736 ]
X1 = 11.16

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = Zone1 R0 + [ 50% * Zone2 R0 ]

= 2.721 + [ 0.5 * 7.232 ]
R0 = 6.337

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = Zone1 X0 + [ 50% * Zone2 X0 ]

= 14.376 + [ 0.5 * 38.208 ]
X0 = 33.48
Formula:

Fault Resistance ph-ph = [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP = ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4

= ( 2 * 2.109 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 5.818

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN

=[ ( 6.337+ 2*2.109 / 3 ) + ( 24 * 0.4 )] / 1.7
= 13.11 / 1.7
= 7.716

Zone-3:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms = Zone1 R1 + [ 100% * Zone3 R1 ]
= 0.905 + [ 1 * 2.406 ]
R1 = 3.312

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = Zone1 X1 + [ 100% * Zone3 X1 ]

=4.792 + [ 1 * 12.736 ]
X1 = 17.528

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = Zone1 R0 + [ 100% * Zone3 R0 ]

= 2.721 + [ 1 * 7.232 ]
R0 = 9.953

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = Zone1 X0 + [ 100% * Zone3 X0 ]

= 14.376 + [ 1 * 38.208 ]
X0 = 52.584
Formula:

Fault Resistance ph-ph = [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP = ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4

= ( 2 * 3.312 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 8.224

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN

=[( 9.953+ 2*3.312 / 3 ) + ( 24 * 0.4 )] / 1.7
= 15.125 / 1.7
= 8.8

Zone-4:
Positive sequence Resistance in ohms = Zone4 R1 *[ 20%]
= 2.527 * [ 0.2 ]
R1 = 0.505

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms = Zone4 X1 *[ 20%]

=13.373 * [ 0.2]
X1 = 2.675

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms = Zone4 R0 *[ 20%]

= 7.594 * [ 0.2 ]
R0 = 1.519

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms = Zone4 X0 *[ 20%]

= 40.118 * [ 0.2 ]
X0 = 8.024
Formula:

Fault Resistance ph-ph = [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP = ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4

= ( 2 * 0.505 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 2.61

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE = [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN

= [( 1.519 + 2*0.505 / 3 )+ ( 24 * 0.4) ] / 1.7
= 10.443 / 1.7
 = 6.142

Kit Calculation
Reactance Method

Formula:

X = KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]

Zone-1:

X = KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
3.834 = 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
[ GX + FX/1000 ] = 3.834/2.5
= 1.533 [ ph-ph ]
= 3.834/5
= 0.7668 [ 3ph]
= 3.834/3
= 1.278 [ ph-Earth ]

Zone-2:

X = KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
11.160 = 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
[ GX + FX/1000 ] = 11.160/2.5
= 4.464 [ ph-ph ]
= 11.160/5
= 2.232[ 3ph]
= 11.160/3
= 3.72 [ ph-Earth ]

Zone-3:

X = KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
17.528 = 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
[ GX + FX/1000 ] = 17.528/2.5
= 6.903 [ ph-ph ]
= 17.528/5
= 3.451[ 3ph]
= 17.528/3
= 5.84 [ ph-Earth ]
Zone-4:

X = KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
2.675 = 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
[ GX + FX/1000 ] = 2.675/2.5
= 1.07 [ ph-ph ]
= 2.675/5
= 0.535 [ 3ph]
= 2.675/3
= 0.891 [ ph-Earth ]

Resistance Method

Formula:

R = KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X

Zone-1 :

R = KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X

[ GR + FR/1000 ] = R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X

Ph-Ph = 3.048 / 2.5 – [ 1/20 * 3. 834]

= 1.027
Ph-Er = 6.35/ 3 – [ 1/20 * 3. 834]
= 1.925
3 Ph = 3.048 / 5 – [ 1/20 * 3. 834]
= 0.417

Zone-2 :

R = KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X

[ GR + FR/1000 ] = R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X

Ph-Ph = 5.818/ 2.5 – [ 1/20 * 11.160]

= 1.769
Ph-Er = 7.716/ 3 – [ 1/20 * 11.160]
= 2.014
3 Ph = 5.818/ 5 – [ 1/20 * 11.160]
= 0.605
Zone-3 :

R = KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X

[ GR + FR/1000 ] = R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X

Ph-Ph = 8.224/ 2.5 – [ 1/20 * 17.528]

= 2.413
Ph-Er = 8.8/ 3 – [ 1/20 * 17.528]
= 2.056
3 Ph = 8.224/ 5 – [ 1/20 * 17.528]
= 0.768

Zone-4 :

R = KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X

[ GR + FR/1000 ] = R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X

Ph-Ph = 2.61/ 2.5 – [ 1/20 * 2.675]

= 0.910
Ph-Er = 6.142/ 3 – [ 1/20 * 2.675]
= 1.91
3 Ph = 2.61/ 5 – [ 1/20 * 2.675]
= 0.388