chn-N-{µ≥ kn.

sIm´m-c-°c Xmeq-°nse ]hn-t{X-izcw hnt√-Pn¬ 1970˛¬ P\-\w. {io sI. N{µ-

ti-J-c≥]n-≈-bpsSbpw ]tc-X-bmb ]n. -Hm-a-\-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥. sk‚ vPqUv
sslkvIq-ƒ, apJ-Øe, Fkv.-F≥. tIm-f-Pv, sIm√w F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-embn
hnZym`ymkw. tIcfm bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬\n∂pw Cw-•njv, C°-tWm-anIvkv,
s]mfn‰nIvkv, lnÃ-dn, tkmtjym-fP - n, ^ntem-k^
- n,- sIm-ta-gvkv, ae-bmfw, ]ªnIv
AUvan\nkvt{S-j≥ F∂o hnj-bß - f - n¬ t]mÃv {KmPp-th‰v _ncpZw t\Sn-bn-´p≠v.
tIcfm ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j≥ Hm^o-kn¬ 11 h¿jsØ tkh-\w. Ct∏mƒ
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw bqWnth-gvkn‰n tImf-Pn¬ Cw•njv A≤ym-]-I≥. C˛-sa-bn¬:
ravichandran200055@rediffmail.com

KS
O
BO
C
D

1
The Absence of Evidence is the Evidence of Absence.
- Middleton

KS
Ip´nbpw ssZhhpw

"A√tbm ssZhw! ]d-bpI, \ns‚ aX-ta-Xv?'

O
"F\n°v aXtam?! Fs‚ hmk-ÿew
Hcn-°epw \o Adn-bp-I-bn√.'
BO

"`b-sa-¥n\v, \obpw D]m-kn-°p-∂pthm?'

"D]m-k-\-sb-\n-°\yw, F\n°v ssZh-an√.
\mkvXn-I-\mWv Rm≥.'
C
D

7
 D≈-S°w

1. hnizm-k-Øns‚ t^mkn-ep-Iƒ
2. \ntj-[-Øns‚ emhWyw
3. F¥p-sIm≠v "ssZh-hn-{`m¥n?'
4. ssZhw ˛-- ˛˛˛A‘≥ hc® Nn{Xw
5. A\¿l-amb BZ-chn\mbn apd-hn-fn-Iq-´p∂ aXw
6. ssZh-k-¶ev]Øns‚ P\n-XINcn{Xw
7.
8.
9.
At⁄-b-hm-Z-Øns‚ ]m∏-cØw
KS
ktµ-l-hm-Zn-I-fmb ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ
"tkXn' (Search For Extra Terrestrial Intelligence)
O
10. ssZhw Ds≠-∂p-≈-Xns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ
BO

11. Ht‚m-f-Pn-°¬ hmZ-ßfpw "F {]tbm-dn'- hm-Z-ßfpw

12. kuµcyw B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈ hmZw
13. hy‡n-KX A\p-`hw sXfn-hm-Ip-tºmƒ
14. aX-km-lnXyw km£n
C

15. aX-Po-hnXw \bn® imkv{X-⁄-cpsS ]n¥pW

D

16. ]mkvI-ens‚ ]¥bw

17. t_mbnMv˛747 hmZw (The Ultimate Boeing 747 Argument )
18. {]IrXn\n¿[m-cWw (Natural Selection)
19. \n¿[m-cWw sNøm-\m-hmØ k¶o¿ÆX
20. _p≤n-]-c-amb Bkq-{XWhpw bmZr-—n-IXm-hmZhpw
21. iq\y-ÿ-e-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Bcm-[\
22. Bt{¥m-]nIv kn≤m¥w: {Klm-¥c ]Xn∏v
(Anthropic Principle: Planetary Version)
23. Bt{¥m]nIv kn≤m¥Ønse {]m]-©nI ho£Ww
24. sSºnƒ´¨ ^ut≠-js‚ hnIr-Xn-Iƒ
25. Um¿hns‚ aX-hn-i-I-e\w

9
 \mkvXn-I\
- mb ssZhw

26. {Kq∏v sXc-s™-Sp∏v

27. aXw at‰Xn-s‚-sb-¶nepw ]m¿iz-^-e-amtWm?
28. aX-hnizm-ksØ XpW-bv°p∂ am\-knILS\
29. aoapIƒ IY ]d-bp-tºmƒ
30. Im¿tKm Iƒ´p-Iƒ
31. aXhpw [m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw
32. [m¿ΩnIt_m[-Øn\v ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb
Fs¥-¶nepw ASn-ÿm-\-apt≠m?
33. a\p-jys‚ [m¿ΩnIt_m[w-˛˛˛˛Hcp ]T-\w
34. ssZh-an-s√-¶n¬ \ap-°v \√-h-cm-Im≥ Ign-bptam?
35. ]pXn-b-\n-baw t`Z-amtWm?
36. Ab¬kvt\-l-Øns‚ clkyw
37. Imehpw [m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw
38.
39.
40.
F¥mWv aX-Øn-\n{Xb[nIw tZmjw?
KS
ln‰ve-dpw Ãmen\pw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂nt√?

auen-I-hmZhpw imkv{XsØ hf-s®m-Sn-°epw

O
41. ip≤-hm-Z-Øns‚ Ccp-≠- hiw
BO

42. hnizm-khpw kzh¿§m-\p-cm-Khpw

43. {`qW-l-Xy-bn¬\n∂pw \c-l-Xy-bn-te-°p≈ Zqcw
44. AcpXv, _otYm-hs\ sIm√-cpXv!
45. aX-`o-I-c-Xsb Bcm[n°p∂ anX-hm-Zn-Iƒ
C

46. _me-]o-U-\hpw aX-Øn¬\n∂p≈ c£bpw

47. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ]oU\w
D

48. Ip´n-Iƒ°pth≠n Hcp {]Xn-tcm[w

49. hnZym`ymk-]-c-amb KqVm-tem-N\
50. a\x-km-£n-bp-W¿Øm≥, ho≠pw
51. Ahiyw \nI-tØ≠ Hcp hnShv
52. aXw kam-izkn∏n°ptam?
53. Nne a[ytemI k¶ev]-߃
54. Um¿hn-\n-k-Øns‚ D¬∏-cn-h¿Ø\w
55. Ahn-izmkn-I-fpsS sk≥kkv
56. "ssZh-hn-{`m¥n' D∂-bn-°p∂ {]iv\-߃
57. Nn¥n°p-∂-hs‚ D∞m\w
]Z-kqNn
10
 1. hnizm-k-Øns‚ t^mkn-ep-Iƒ

ko≥ H∂v
ÿew: Xe-ÿm-\sØ {]i-kvX-amb Hcp kzIm-cy-tIm-f-Pv. hnj-bw:-
Im-ºkv tIµo-I-cn-®p≈ Hcp sSen-hn-j≥]-cn-]m-Sn. c≠mwh¿j Cw•ojv
km-lnXyhnZym¿∞n-\n-tbmSv Ipkr-Xn-t®m-Zy-ß-fp-ambn Nm\¬ Ah-Xmc-
I≥ ]qØp-e-bp∂p. kn\n-a, kwKo-Xw, tlm_n... tNmZy-߃ I\-Øp.
k√m]w sImgpØph∂-t∏mƒ s]-s´∂v Ah-Xm-c-Is‚ CS-¥Sn tNmZyw:
""AsX¥m Aßs\? \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-bmtWm?'' k¿∏-Zw-i\ta‰-t]mse
s]¨Ip´n hnh-ib
KS
- m-bn: ""Atøm \nco-iz-ch
- m-Zntbm?! AsX¥m? Aßs\-
sbms° ]d-bmtam? Cu temIØv Aß-s\-bmtcepw H≠mt∆m?'' Ip´n-
bn¬ A¤p-Xhpw hyk-\-hpw IpdpIn. apJy-a-{¥n-bpw tI{µ-a-{¥n-bp-aS°w
-{]-i-kvX-cmb Ipsd Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS enÃv Ah-Xm-c-I≥ \nc-Øm≥
O
XpS-ßn-bXpw s]¨-Ip´n ]d-™p: ""Atøm!! th≠,th≠. AsXms°
shdpsX ]dbp-∂-Xmbncn°pw, F√mcpw ssZh-Øns‚ a°-f-t√ym? Ah-
BO

scms° shdpsX A`n-\-bn°p-∂-Xm-... \t√mcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-bn´v \Ωfv

ssZh-Zq-jWw ]d-b≠...''

ko≥- c≠v
C

Nm\en¬ kn\namN¿®. ae-bm-f -kn-\na-bnse Hcp {]apJ\S≥ Xs‚

PohnXZ¿i-\-߃ t{]£-I-cp-ambn ad-bn-√msX ]¶p-sh-°p-∂p: ""C√!
D

C\n Hcn-°epw \nco-iz-ch

- m-Zn-bmbn A`n-\b
- n-°n-√. C√!! F\n-°Xv ]‰n√!!
IjvS-Im-e-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Ipgo∂v hen®ptI‰n-bXv C°mWp∂ ssZhß-
sfms°bm... Ah¿°n-jvSan-√mØsXm∂pw C\n hø! thtWm¶n tXm°v
If-bmw. ]t£, \nco-iz-c-hm-Znbmbn A`n-\-bn-°pI! Hcn-°-ep-an√! C√!
F\n-°Xv ]‰n√.''˛˛˛˛Ipsdt\cw \S≥ CXpXs∂ Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp-∂p. _‘-s∏´ GsX-¶nepw tNmZyw D∂-bn-®n-´√t√m \S≥ Xs‚ `‡n-
am¿§-sØ-°p-dn®v hmNm-e-\m-b-sXt∂m¿Øv Aº-c-°p∂ Ah-Xm-c-I≥.

ko≥ aq∂v
DØ-c-tI-c-f-Ønse hn{ip-X-amb Hcp Iem-eb-Ønse A≤ym-]-I-cpsS
Ãm^vdqw. I≠m¬ Hcp kn\namsk‰p-t]m-se. ]t£, kq£n®pt\m°n-
bm-¬ Nne {]tXyI-X-I-fp-≠v. Itk-c-Ifpw taiIfpw ÿe-ku-Icya\p-
k-cn®√ \nc-Øn-bn-´ncn°p∂Xv. F√m-bn-SØpw ^¿Wn-®-dn-√. c≠p aqe-

11
 \mkvXn-I\
- mb ssZhw

I-fn¬ Ccn-°m≥ h√mØ Xnc-°v. a[y-`mKw Gd-°psd Hgn®n´n-cn-°p∂p

(A- h nsS tNm¿®- b ps≠∂p [cn°- c pXv ) . ^nknIv k v A≤ym- ] - I ≥
Ccn°p∂hisØ P\ens‚ hmXn¬ Hcn-°epw Xpd-°n-√. {]h¿Ø-\-
£-aa - mb ss]∏pw hmjvt_-kn\pw CStØ aqe-bn-ep-≠v. ]t£, AXmcpw
D]tbmKn°p-∂n-√. ss]∏v t]mfn-Øo≥Ih-¿sIm≠v aqSn `{Z-ambn AS-
®n-cn°p∂p. ]ecpw Ccn-°p-∂XpI≠m¬ Fs¥-¶nepw imco-cn-I-ssh-I-
ey-ap-t≠msb∂v kwibw tXm∂pw. B coXn-bn¬ Xncn-™pw ]pf™p-
sam-s°-bmWv Ccn∏v. ]t£, B¿°pw Hcp Ipg-∏hp-an-√. ImWp-tºmƒ
H‰-t\m-´Ø - n¬ Ft¥m ]¥n-tI-Sv! kwKXn as‰m-∂p-a√ - ; Ãm^n\v `mKyhpw
Pohn-X-hn-Pbhpw D≠m-Im-\mbn Ãm^vdqw hmkvXp-hnZy{]Imcw \ho-\-
ambn {Iao-I-cn®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. HcpZnhkw cmhnse Ipsd sdt°mUv-
_p°p-Ifpambn Hcp ¢mkv eo-U¿ Ãm^vdq-an-se-Øn. A≤ym-]I≥ ko‰n-
en-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ sdt°m-Up-Iƒ tai-bpsS CS-XphiØv sh®v Ahƒ
aS-ßn. Ipsd-°-gn™v ko‰n¬ Xncn-s®-Ønb A[ym-]-I≥ cmin-sX-‰n®v
]pkvX-I-aSp°nsh®-Xn\v ¢mkv eoUsd hnfn®v IW-°‰v iIm-cn-®p:
KS
""Rm\ßv apSn-™pt]m-s´-∂mtWm \o B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv?'' A≤ym-]-I≥
s]m´n-sØ-dn-®p. hnXp-ºn-s°m≠v Ahƒ {]n≥kn-∏-ens\ kao-]n®p.
{]n≥kn- ∏ - e m- I s´ Ip´nsb ho≠pw Ip‰- s ∏- S p- Ø p- I - b mWp≠m- b Xv .
O
""H∂pa{X \n m-c-ambn IcpXcp-Xv. A≤ym-]I≥ ]d-™-Xn¬ Imcy-
ap≠v.'' {]n≥kn-∏¬ ]d-™p. `mhn-bn¬ {i≤n-°-W-sa∂pIqSn hnZym¿-
BO

∞n\nsb D]-tZ-in°m\pw Ah¿ ad-∂n-√. arZp-e-a-\-kvI-bmb B s]¨-

Ip-´nbpw hn´n-√. tImgvkv \ndpØn Ahƒ tImtfPv hn´p!
aq∂pw tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-ß-ƒ ASp-ØnsS dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX kw`-
h-ßf - m-Wv. tNmZyhpw N¿®bpan-√msX F√mhcpw AwKo-Ic - n-t°≠ Imcy-
am-Wv aX-hn-izmksa∂ [mc-W-bmWv BZy- kw-`-hØnse s]¨Ip´n
C

sh®p-]p-e¿Øp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Xs‚ aX`‡n \memsf Adn-bn-®n-s√-¶n¬

D

Dd°w hcn-s√∂ a´mWv Xmc-Øn-t‚Xv. {Inan-\-emtbm ab-°p-a-cp∂v I≈-

°-S-Øp-Im-c\mtbm _em¬kw-K-ho-c-\mtbm A`n-\-bn-°p∂-Xn¬ C{X
{]iv\an-√. aq∂m-asØ kw`hw N]-e-im-kv{X-߃°v tIc-f-Ønse
a[yh¿§-Øn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ Zpjn® kzm[o\w sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. aX-`-‡n-
bmbm¬ F√m-am-bn (Religiosity is everything) F∂p Icp-Xp∂ -Hcp
sshIm-cn-I-k-aqlw ChnsS hf¿∂phcnI-bmWv. Cu L´hpw Ign™v
aX-∏\n ]nSn®v hnd-]q≠ Hcp kaq-l-sØ-bmWv Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \ap°v
ImWm\m-hp-I. IuXp-II-c-sa∂v ]d-bs´, Ata-cn-°-°m¿ 2006˛07 Ime-
L-´-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hmbn-® Hcp ]pkvXIw"ssZh-hn-{`m-¥n'-sb∂
(The God Delusion) \mkvXnI{KŸam-bn-cp-∂p. aX-hm-Zn-If - psS X\Xp`mj-
bn¬ ]d-™m¬ Hcp"sNmdn-bp∂ ]pkvXIw'!!
hnJymX {_n´ojv ]cn-Wmaimkv{X-⁄-\mb dn®mUv tUm°n≥kv
cNn® "ssZh-hn-{`m¥n' ASp-ØImeØv Nn¥m-tem-IsØ GsdbmI¿-
jn® IrXn-bm-Wv. {]kvXpX{KŸ-Øns‚ hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw A\p-_‘-
12
 \ntj-[Ø
- ns‚ emhWyw

""kXyw Bsc-¶nepw ]dt™ Xocq; ]ptcm-ln-X¿°Xn\-\p-hm-Z-an-√.

Ah¿ ]≈n-bn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øm-hpw.- s{]m^-k¿am¿ AXv ]d-bm≥
ss[cy-s∏-Sn-√,- A-h¿°v tPmen \jvS-s∏-Spw.- cm-jv{So-b-°m¿ Hcn-°-ep-
aXn\v Xp\nbn-√, Ah¿ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-Spw.- ]-{Xm[n-
]≥am¿ AXn\v Xøm-dm-hp-I-bn√; ]{X-Øns‚ k¿°p-te-j≥ Iq∏p-
IpØpw. I®-h-S-°m¿°Xn-\m-hn√; Ah-cpsS ]Xn-hp-Im¿ ]nW-ßn amdpw.-
A`n-Pm-X-h¿§w \mh-\-°n-√,- A-h¿°v kap-Zmbw {`jvSv I¬∏n-°pw.
Xmgv ∂ - t Pm- e n- ° m- c psS Imcyw ]d- b m- \ p- a n- √ ; Ah- c psS A∂amWv
apSßp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v B tPmen Rm≥ Xs∂ sNøm-sa-∂p-sh-®p.''
]≠v Iuie-°m-cmb c≠v s\bvØp-Im¿ hnUvVn-bmb cmPm-hns\
I_fn∏n®v \·-\m°n sXcp-hn-eqsS \S-Ønb IY \mw hmbn-®n-´p-≠v.
cmPIob\·X Bkz-Zn®v \ni-_vZ-am-bn-cp∂ P\-k-©-bØn-\n-Sbv°p-
\n∂v cmPmhv \·-\m-sW∂v hnfn-®p-]-d™ _mes\ Ghcpw ad-∂n´p-
≠mhmw. ]t£, Ahs‚ acWw IrXy-amb CS-th-f-I-fn¬ h\y-amb
Bk‡n-tbmsS \mw BtLm-jn-°p-IbmWv.
KS
2. \ntj-[-Øns‚ emhWyw
O
¢n‚¨ dn®mUv tUm°n≥kv (1941˛)
BO

Jym-X-\mb {_n´ojv ]cn-Wmaim

hn kv { X- ⁄ \pw imkv { X{KŸ- I m-
c\pamWv tUm°n≥kv. Um¿hn-\n-k-Øns‚
i‡-\mb h‡mhpw. P\\w sI\n-b-bnse
C

s\bv t dm- _ n- b n¬.- ]nXmhv sI\n- b - b n¬

{_n´ojv ssk\y-Øn¬ AwK-am-bn-cp∂p.
D

F´mw hb- n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w

Cw•- ≠ n- ¬ Xncn- s ®Øn. bq- W n- t h- g v k n‰n
Hm^v Imen-t^m¿-Wn-b,- s_¿°n-en, Hm-Ivkv-
t^mUv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn
¢n‚¨ dn®mUv tUm°n≥kv
tkh\a\p- j v T n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . - HmIv k v t ^mUv
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse "Nmƒkv kna-tbmWn
sNb¿ t^m¿ ]ªnIv A≠¿Ãm≥UnMv'-]Zhn Ae-¶-cn-® At±lw 2008
sk]v‰w-_-dn¬ HutZym-Kn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw hnc-an-®p. tdm-b¬
skmssk‰n,- tdm-b¬ skmssk‰n Hm^v en‰-td-®¿, \yq-tIm-tf-Pv-˛-Hm-Ivkv-
t^mUv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ s^t√m _lp-a-Xn.
1976˛¬ "Zn sk¬^njv Po≥' F∂ IrXn-bn-eqsS {KŸ-Im-c-s\∂
\ne-bn¬ temI-{i-≤ B-I¿jn-®p. Cu IrXn-bpsS 32 ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ CXn-
\Iw ]pd- Ø n- d - ß n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v . The Selfish Gene (1976), The Extended
Phenotype (1982), The Blind Watchmaker (1986), River out of Eden (1995),

15
 \mkvXn-I\
- mb ssZhw

Climbing Mount Improbable (1996), Unweaving the Rainbow (1998), A

Devil's Chaplain (2003), The Ancestor's Tale (2004), The God Delusion
(2006) F∂n-h- {][m-\ -Ir-Xn-Iƒ.
2006˛¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb "Zn tKmUv sUeyq-j≥' tUm°n≥kns‚
G‰hpa[nIw hmbn-°-s∏´ IrXn-bm-bn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. -kp-thm-f-
Pn-°¬ skmssk‰n saU¬ (1989), ^mcsU Ahm¿Uv(1990), {InÃve¿
ss{]kv (2000), tjIvkv]n-b¿ ss{]kv (2005), KmeIvkn {_n´ojv _p°v
Ahm¿Uv (2007) F∂n-hbS°w \nc-h[n A¥¿tZ-iob ]pc-kvIm-c-߃
t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sSen-hn-j≥ Ah-Xm-c-I\pw {]mkw-Kn-I\pw
IqSn-bm-W-t±-lw. 1967˛¬ {]ikvX FØ-t\m-f-PnÃpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-
bp-am-bn-cp∂ acn-b≥ Ãmºns\ (Marian Stamp) hnhmlw sNbvXp. 1984˛¬
]c-kv]-c-k-Ω-X-tØmsS hnhm-l-tam-N\w. Cuhv _m¿lw c≠m-asØ
`mcy. Cu _‘hpw hnhm-ltamN-\-Øn-¬ A-h-km-\n-®p. 1992˛¬ \Snbpw
sSen-hn-j≥ Ah-Xm-c-I-bp-amb e√m hm¿Upam-bp≈ hnhm-lw. 1999˛¬
ac-W-a-S™ c≠mw `m-cy-bn¬ tUm°n≥kn\v Hcp aI-fp-≠v. t\mw
KS
tNmwkvIn, Dº¿t´m Ft°m F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w C∂v temIØv Pohn-®n-
cn-°p∂ G‰hpw {]ap-J-cmb aq∂v _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fn-sem-cm-fmbn 2004˛¬
t{]mkv-s]Iv‰v amKkn≥ (Prospect Magazine) At±-lsØ sXc-s™-Sp-
O
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. hmb-\-°m¿ \S-Ønb Cu sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ {_n´ojv
_p≤n-Po-hn-I-fn¬ H∂mw ÿm\hpw At±-l-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. 2008˛te°v
BO

Ah¿ ho≠pw tUm°n≥kns‚ t]cv enÃn¬ s]Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p. 2007˛¬

ssSw amK-kn≥ Is≠-Ønb temIsØ G‰-hpa-[nIw kzm[o-\n® \qdp
t]cn¬ Hcm-ƒ tUm°n≥km-bn-cp-∂p.
tUm°n≥kv {_n´-Wnse Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sSen-hn-j≥ Ah-Xm-c-I\pw
Ia-t‚-‰-dp-am-Wv. am[y-a-cw-KsØ At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\Iƒ {it≤-
C

bamWv. Nice Guys Finish First (1987), The Blind Watchmaker (1987),
Growing in the Universe (1991), Break the Science Barrier (1996), The
D

Root of All Evil? (2006), The Enemies of Reason (2007), The Genius of
Charles Darwin (2008) F∂n-h-bmWv At±-l-Øns‚ {][m\ sSen-hn-
j≥ tUm°p-sa‚dnIƒ. Um¿hn\nk-Øns‚ i‡-\mb h‡m-sh∂\ne-
bn¬ "Um¿hn≥kv tdms´zbn-e¿' (Darwin's Rottweiler) F∂ hnfn-t∏cv
kºm-Zn-®n-´p-≠v (tdms´zbne¿ Db¿∂ C\-Øn¬s∏´ k¶-c-bn\w \mb-
bmWv). imkv{Xw IqSp-X¬ ck-I-chpw P\-Io-bhp-am-°m≥ Dt±-in-®psIm-
≠p≈ cN-\-IfmWv tUm°n≥kn-t‚-Xv. 2006˛¬ "dn®mUv tUm°n≥kv
^ut≠-j≥ t^m¿ dnk¿®v B≥Uv kb≥kv' (RDFRS) F∂ kwL-
S\ ÿm]n-X-am-bn. imkv{X-hn-Zym-`ym-kw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I, aX-hn-izm-
k-Øns‚ a\ximkv{X Imc-W-ßsf∏‰n Kth-jWw \S-Øp-I, temI-
sa-ºmSpw atX-X-c-Xz-sØbpw kzX-{¥-Nn-¥-sbbpw ]n¥p-W-bv°pI
F∂n-h-bmWv ÿm]n-X -e-£y-߃. RDFRS˛\v Ata-cn-°-bnepw {_n´-
Wnepw Nmcn‰n kwL-S-\-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ HuZym-KnI AwKo-Imcap≠v.
16
 4. ssZhw˛˛˛˛A‘≥ hc® Nn{Xw
≥Ãos‚ {]m]-©nI-aXw (Cosmic Religion) ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-
sF ambn ]c-º-cm-KXaX-Øn\v \qdv iX-am-\hpw FXn-cm-Wv. aXw
F∂ hm°v At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Bi-b-°p-g∏ap≠m-
°p-∂ps≠∂v tUm°n≥kv kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. Imcy-߃°v Ipsd-°qSn
hy‡-X-bp-≠m-°m≥ hnizm-k-Øns‚ hI-t`-Z-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv
klm-bn-°pw. ]c-ºc - m-KX aX-hn-izmkw (Theism) {]IrXn°pw C{µnbm\p-
`-h-Øn\pw AXo-X-amb Hcp {]]©{kjvSm-hns\ hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂p.
aX-ssZ-h-ß-sf-√mw hy‡n-ssZ-h-ßfmWv. Cu AXo-Xi‡nIƒ temIw
krjvSn-®v ]cn-]m-en-®phcn-IbmWv. Cu ssZh-߃°v a\p-jy-cpsS Imcy-
Øn¬ AXoh Xm¬]-cy-ap≠v. aX-]-c-amb Bcm-[-\-bn-eqsS kzm[o-\n-
°m-\pw {]oWn-∏n-°m\pw Ign-bp∂ BIm-i-ssZ-h-ß-fm-W-h¿. ]c-º-cm-
KX aX-hn-izmknbpsS (Theist) e£yw {]]-©-c-l-ky-ßfpsS Imc-W-
at\zjn-°-e-√. adn®v, aX-ssZ-hØn¬ A‘-ambn hniz-kn®v AXns\
Bcm-[-\-bn-eqsS {]oXns∏-SpØn PohnXt\´w sImøp-Ibm-Wv. Cu {]Xn-

∂-Xv. KS
^ekm≤y-X-bmWv (Utility Value) ]c-º-cm-K-X-a-Xßsf P\-Io-b-am-°p-

aXm- X o- X - Bkv X nI- h m- Z - Ø n¬ (Deism) AXn- ` u- X n- I - a mb Hcp

O
{]]©i‡n- IS∂phcp-∂p-≠v. aXm-XoX BkvXnI-hm-Zn (Deist) Hcp
"{]]- © - i - ‡ n'- b n¬ hniz- k n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . AXo- { µn- b - a mb B i‡n
BO

F√mØns‚bpw Imc-Wtam \nb-¥mthm BWv. AXv Hcp]nSn \nb-a-

ßtfm ka-hm-Iy-ßtfm Bhmw. ]t£, B i‡n -kr-jvSn°ptijw
{]]-©sØ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂n-√; a\p-jy-cpƒs∏sS-bp≈ krjvSn-I-fpsS
Imcy-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂p-an√. ]ptcm-ln-X¿°pw `‡¿°pw AhnsS ÿm\-
hp-an-√. Uo-bn-Ãp-Iƒ `uXn-I-hm-Zn-I-f-√. Hcp AXo-{µnb {]]©_p≤n
C

AYhm tImkvanIv C‚-en-P≥kn-s\-bmWv (Cosmic Intelligence) Ah¿

ssZh-ambn ImWp-∂-Xv. Hcp Uobn-Ãn\v (Deist) aX-t_m-[-ap-s≠∂v hmZn-
D

°p-∂Xv ]-®-°p-Xnc HcpXcw IpXn-c-bm-sW∂p ]d-bp-∂Xpt]msetb

D≈p. Abmƒ ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ]t£, AXv aX-ssZ-h-a-
s√∂v am{X-a√ aX-ssZ-h-k¶ev]-Øn\v ISIhncp-≤-hp-am-Wv. aXho£-
W-Øn¬ aXm-XoX BkvXnI-hm-Zhpw Ahn-izm-khpw XΩn¬ t`Z-an√.
{]Ir-Xn-ssZ-h- hnizm-kn°v (Pantheist) {]IrXnXs∂-bmWv ssZhw.
ChnsS ssZhw F∂Xv AXn-`u-Xn-I-tam AXo-{µnbtam A√. XnI®pw
`uXn-I-]-c-amb Hcp ImgvN-∏m-SmW-Xv. {]IrXnssZhw Hcn-°epw {]m¿∞-
\tbm Ipº-km-ctam ssIs°m-≈p-∂n-√; a\p-jy-Po-hnXsØ kzm[o\n-
°p-∂p-an-√. AXv {]IrXnsbt∏mse \n w-Khpw \n¿hn-Im-c-hp-am-Wv.
AXns‚ DZm-Ø-Xsbbpw kuµcysØbpw D]m-kn-°p-I-bmWv {]IrXn-
ssZ-h-hn-izmkn (Pantheist) sNøp-∂-Xv. CXv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ \nco-iz-c-hm-
Z-tØmSv hfsc ASpØp\n¬°p∂ `uXnIho£-W-am-Wv. ]c-º-cm-KX-
aXw, aXm-Xo-X- BkvXnI-hmZw, {]IrXnssZh-hn-izmkw F∂o aq∂n-\-
ß-fnepw ssZhw F∂ k¶ev]w hcp-∂p≠v. ]t£, aq∂pt]cp-sSbpw

37
 \mkvXn-I\
- mb ssZhw

ssZh-k-¶ev]߃ Xo¿Øpw `n∂-ß-fm-Wv. aXm-XoX ssZh-hn-izm-k-

Øn¬ (Deism) ssZhw aX-ssZ-h-Øns‚ (Religious God) \ntj-[-am-Wv.
{]Ir-Xn-ssZ-hh - n¬ (Pantheism) aX-ssZ-hhpw aXm-XoXssZhhpw
- n-izm-kØ
Htc-t]mse Akm-[p-hm-Ip-∂p. ]m≥Xn-b-ksØ `Sexd up atheism'˛
F∂mWv tUm°n≥kv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.
imkv{X⁄-s\∂\ne-bn¬ ]m≥Xn-b-k-Øn\p kam-\-amb Hcp
Z¿i\-am-Wv sF≥Ão\p≠m-bn-cp-∂sX∂v hy‡-am-Wv. ""ssZhw ]InS
Ifn-°n-√'' F∂v sF≥Ão≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ -bmZr—n-I-X-b√ F√mØn-
s‚bpw ASn- ÿ m\w F∂pam- { X- a mWv Dt±- i n®n´p- ≈ - X v . ""{]]©w
krjvSn®- Ah-kc-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\p≈ Ah-kc - a
- p≠m-
bn-cpt∂m?'' (Did God have a choice in creating the universe?) F∂p
tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ {]-]©w at‰-sX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬ XpS-ßm\mhp-am-bn-
cpt∂m F∂ tNmZyamWv km[m-c-W-°m¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ `mj-bn¬
At±lw D-∂bn°p∂-Xv. sF≥Ãos‚ `mj-bn¬ aX-]-c-amb Ae-¶m-c-
ßfpw Nn”-ßfpw Bh¿Øn®p IS∂phcp-∂Xv Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚
`mK-am-bm-Wv. Xs‚ {]m]-©nI aX-t_m-[-sØ°pdn®v sF≥-Ão≥
KS
X\n°v Ign-bm-hp-∂-{X, `mjbv°v hg-ßp-∂-b{X efn-X-ambn hy‡-am°n-
bn-´p-≠v. "k¿hXn\pw ]n∂n¬ \-ΩpsS a\- n\pw _p≤n°p-ap]-cn-bmbn
Ft¥m Ds≠∂pw AXns‚ DZm-Ø-Xbpw emh-Wyhpw t\cn-´-√m-sX Hcp
O
{]Xn^-e\wt]mse t\cnbtXmXn¬ am{Xta \ap°v e`n°p-Ibp≈p
F∂pw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv aX-]-c-amb ho£-Wam-Wv. B coXn-bn¬
BO

Rm≥ aX-t_m-[-ap-≈-bm-fmWv' F∂mWv sF≥Ão≥ hniZo-Icn°p-∂Xv.

F∂m¬ B coXn-bn¬ t\m°n-bm¬ Xm\pw aX-t_m-[-ap-≈-bmfm-
sW∂v tUm°n≥kv ]dbp-∂p. ]t£, Hcp hyXymkw am{Xw: "a\- n-
em-°m≥ Ign-bn√' (Cannot grasp) F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ "Hcn-°epw a\-
 n-em-°m-≥ IgnbmØ' (Forever Ungraspable) F∂ A¿∞w Iev]n-
C

°m≥ Xm≥ Xøm-d-√.1 "aX]c-amb ho£-W-ap-≈-bmƒ' F∂v hnfn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv tUm°n≥kv CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ "aX-]cw' F∂
D

hm°v C∂v B]¬°-c-amb coXn-bn¬ sX‰n-≤m-c-W P\n-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv.

"aX-]cw'F∂p]d-bp-tºmƒ _lp-`q-cn-]£w P\-ßfpw A¿∞-am-°p-
∂Xv {]Ir-Xy-Xo-Xhpw (Supernatural) AXo-{µnbhpw Bb Ft¥m H∂v
F∂ A¿∞-Øn-em-Wv.2
Imƒ km-Ks\ ho≠pw D≤-cn®psIm≠mWv tUm°n≥kv Cu `mKw
kw{K-ln-°p-∂Xv: ""ssZhw F∂XpsIm≠v Hcmƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv {]]-
©sØ `cn-°p∂ Hcp]nSn `uXn-I-amb \nb-a-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ Aß-s\-
sbmcp ssZhw Xo¿®-bmbpw D≠v. ]t£, B ssZhw sshIm-cnI-ambn
kzm[o-\n-°m-hp-∂- H∂-√.-.. KpcpXzm-I¿jW \nb-at- ØmSv {]m¿∞n-°p∂p

1 ''In this sense, I am too religious, with the reservation that 'cannot grasp' does not have to mean
'forever ungraspable'' (GD,p-19)
2 ''But I prefer not to call myself religious because it is misleading. It is destructively misleading
because, for the vast majority of people, 'religion' implies 'supernatural''(p-42)

38