CPAR Finals Reviewer

By 11STEM-14 Core Group

Ma’am Amihan De Sosa

into the computer

while Film
photography needs
Medium celluloid or negatives,
-the material, or the substance out of which a work processing chemicals,
is made or prints
-through this, the artists express and communicate Filmmakers Cinematographic
feelings and ideas camera to record
andput together
Classification of Art According to Medium production design,
1. Practical Arts sound engineering,
-Have Immediate use for everyday and performance and
business life such as design, architecture, screenplay
and furniture.
Writers and Novelists Words from your
2. Musical Arts
mighty pen
-Include music, poetry, and dance that is
Printmaker Ink printed or
accompanied by music.
transferred on a
3. Environmental Arts
surface like rubber,
-Occupy space and change in its meaning
wood, metal, plates,
and function depending on their categories
or silk screen that is in
including architecture, sculpture, and site-
keeping
specific works such as installation and
public art.
Drawing
4. Pictorial Arts
-usually the first step in producing two-
-Include painting, drawing, graphics, and
dimensional artworks, it is done by using dry
stage and production.
media such as charcoal and graphite, as well as
5. Narrative Arts
ink
-These arts are based on stories which
include drama, novel, fiction, nonfiction,
Drawing Mediums and Materials:
music, and dance.
1. Charcoal – organic material from burnt
wood.
Artist’s Medium
a) Vine – comes in thin sticks and is easy
Artist Medium
to blend and erase.
Sculptor Stone, metal, wood,
b) Compressed – charcoal pressed into a
clay, glass, and found
wooden casing; creates darker shades
objects
than vine charcoal.
Architect Wood, bamboo,
2. Graphite (a.k.a. pencil) – made from a soft
bricks, concrete, mineral; more common and easier to use,
metal, stone, and and not as messy as charcoal.
various building 3. Pen and Ink
materials 4. Paper
Painter Pigment (paint) on
support base like Kinds of Drawing:
wood, canvas, paper, 1. Sketching – done at the “spur of the
stone wall, etc. moment”, it is the most fundamental type of
Musician Musical instruments drawing.
Dancer Our body language 2. Life drawing – based directly upon the
and movement observation of a subject (e.g. still life and
Theater All the elements of art figure drawing).
Photographer Digital photography 3. Perspective drawing – a drawing in which
can be assimilated the artist creates 3D objects on a 2D plane;
CPAR Finals Reviewer
By 11STEM-14 Core Group
Ma’am Amihan De Sosa
used in urban planning, interior/industrial
design and architecture (and sometimes
by optical illusionists).
Technique
-the way artists use and manipulate materials to
achieve the desired formal effect, and
communicate the desired concept, or meaning,
according to his or her personal style.
Note: Technique ≠ Style
Shading
-the use of light and shadow (a.k.a degrees of
values), giving the work characteristics of depth
and texture.
Types of Shading:
1. Hatching - accomplished by drawing thin
lines that runs in the same direction.
2. Cross-hatching - accomplished by
crisscrossing lines.
3. Blending - accomplished by subtly
changing the value little by little.
4. Stippling - uses tiny dashes to create tonal
values
5. Pointillism - utilizes tiny, teeny dots to
create values.
6. Scribbling - achieved by moving the
pencil/pen in small, random motions.
Painting
-the application of color to a surface through the
use of brushes, (palette) knives and even your
fingers.
Three Components of Paint:
1. Pigment - pertains to the minerals and
substances that give a paint its color.
2. Binder - is the material that holds the
pigment together and allows it to stick to a
surface.
3. Solvents - pertains to liquids that are used
to control the viscosity (thickness and
thinness) of the paint.
Different Kinds of Paint:
1. Oil-based Paint - First used
predominantly during the early
Renaissance. Oil paints dry slowly.
2. Water Soluble Paints
a) Watercolor – the most popular of all
water-based media.
b) Gouache – a water-soluble paint which
is a mixture of transparent watercolor
with a water-soluble chalk.
3. Tempera - a type of paint that consists of
natural pigments and egg. Predominantly
used during the Middle Ages.
4. Acrylic - composed of water-soluble
synthetic pigments and becomes water-
resistant when dry.
Painting Mediums and Materials:
1. Brush - its main purpose is to spread and
transfer paint onto a surface.
2. Bristle – comes from pig’s fur; used for
impressionist paintings and traditional
Chinese and Japanese art.
3. Sable – comes from sable/weasel fur and is
expensive; used in watercolor and oil
painting.
4. Nylon – synthetic, and more commonly
used nowadays; almost has the same
texture with sable and is suitable for all
kinds of painting.
Classifications of Brushes According to
Shapes:
1. Dome-shaped - Covers more areas and is
primarily used to paint clouds. Also used
for applying make-up.
2. Pointed/Round - used for details and
linear markings.
3. Flat - ideal for broad strokes.
Painting Techniques:
1. Drybrush - achieved by applying paint
undiluted by water using a dry brush; it
creates a strong and intense color
blending.
2. Washing - achieved by applying watered
down paint to apply translucent washes on
the surface.
3. Pointillism - done by applying layers of
various tiny paint dots to create depth in an
image, as well as texture.
4. Impasto - done by simply using a palette
knife to scrape up a bit of paint and apply it
to your work surface.
CPAR Finals Reviewer
By 11STEM-14 Core Group
Ma’am Amihan De Sosa

5. Flicking - using a wet brush, you can flick

paint onto a work surface for an uneven Kinds of Sculpture:
splatter effect. 1. Relief
6. Dabbing - using a corner of a sponge or 2. Free-standing
even a piece of paper towel, you can dab 3. Constructed Sculpture
on accents of color. 4. Kinetic Sculpture

Other Two-dimensional Media: Installation Art

1. Pastel Painting -a contemporary three-dimensional art form that
a) Soft Pastels - Powdery in texture. involves any arrangement of objects in an
There is a higher proportion of pigment exhibition space.
compared to binder.
b) Hard Pastels - Also known as chalk
pastels. Good for creating details.
c) Oil Pastels - The pigments used are
bound in oil. More vibrant compared to
soft and hard pastels. Photography
2. Collage - a type of art made by creating -the science and art of producing images using a
pictures composed of various cut -outs camera
from print media (magazines, newspapers, -the art of capturing light to produce an image
photographs).
3. Printmaking - a process that involves the The History of (Modern) Photography
repeated transferring of an original image 1. Guerreotype (1839 to early 1900s)
from a prepared surface called 2. Eastman Kodak (1888)
matrix/printing plate onto another surface, 3. Leica (1927 to present)
usually paper or canvas. 4. Twin Lens Reflex Camera (1929 to present)
4. Mixed Media - refers to works of art that 5. Single Lens Reflex Camera (1936 to
combine various mediums. present)
6. Polaroid and Instant photography (1947 to
Technology as Art Media: present)
1. Multimedia Art - combines texts, 7. Nikon F SLR (1959)
graphics, video, and sound into a single 8. Digital Photography (1975 to present)
masterpiece. 9. Digital Single Lens Camera (1999 to
2. Three-dimensional Media - Solid shapes, present)
volume and the interesting use of space are 10. Mirrorless Camera (2000s - present)
some of the elements that challenges three-
dimensional artists in search for their own Why do we take pictures?
style. 1. Self expression
2. Documentation
Sculpture 3. To earn a living
-many works of contemporary sculptors are
usually not found in museums but rather in What do we need?
different public places. 1. Yourself
2. Your camera and equipment
Techniques in Sculpture: 3. Your knowledge, vision, passion and
1. Subtractive/Subtraction – removing confidence
pieces or parts of the material.
2. Additive/Addition – putting together Genres
materials or assembling the materials. 1. Landscape
3. Manipulation – also known as modeling. 2. Fashion
4. Substitution – also known as casting. 3. Editorial
4. Conceptual/fine art
CPAR Finals Reviewer
By 11STEM-14 Core Group
Ma’am Amihan De Sosa

5. Photojournalism/documentary 4. Headwriter
6. Wildlife -senior writer
5. Writer
The Basic Parts -writes script/story concept
1. Lens - this focuses the light/image onto the 6. Researcher
photosensitive surface such as a film -researches facts about the story concept
2. Aperture - blades in the lens that allow a written by writers
certain mount of light to enter a camera 7. Production Designer
3. Shutter - opens to allow light when a -in-charge of overall visual look of
photograph is taken. production
4. Film/Sensor - this record the image that is 8. Costume Designer, Make-up and Hair
taken (shot) by the camera. Designer
9. Casting Director
Film -responsible for looking for actors and
-a special material used for taking photographs actresses that would fit a specific role
-the art, process, and business of making movies -includes choreographer
10. Production and Sound Mixer
Part 1: Production -takes care of the sound department
-includes sound designer and composer
The Three Phases of Production 11. Technical Director (TD)
1. Pre-Production -works on control panel in a multi-cam set-
-conceptualization up
-storyboards, scriptwriting and screenplay -takes care of the lighting, sound, set
-casting, talent, and location design, construction, and rigging
-permits, budgets, legal matters equipment
2. Production
-principal photography Part 2: Cinematography
-cinematography -the art of making motion pictures
-shot sizes
-angles Distance
-camera movements 1. Establishing shot designed to show the
-compositional style audience where the action is taking place.
-other techniques 2. Aerial shot taken from an elevated
-lighting vantage point than what is framed in the
-film scoring shot. This gives a deeper understanding of
3. Post-Production what is happening. Other names: Bird's eye
-final (editing) view shot, god's eye view, overhead shots.
-visual effects 3. Eye-level shot where the camera is
-licensing and distribution rights positioned as though it is a human actually
observing a scene, so that actors' heads are
The Staff and Crew on a level with the focus and the camera
1. Director will be placed approximately five to six
-oversees everything, including the feet from the ground.
following: visualization and interpretation, 4. Close-up shot a type of shot that tightly
selection and blocking, cinematography frames a person or object. Emphasis on
and shooting, visual/sound integration and facial expressions.
recording 5. Extreme close-up shot is to show extreme
2. Assistant Director (Ad’s) detail. You would normally need a specific
-second-in-command after the director reason to get this close. It is too close to
3. Producer show general reactions or emotion except
-manages the whole film production in very dramatic scenes.
CPAR Finals Reviewer
By 11STEM-14 Core Group
Ma’am Amihan De Sosa
6. Long shot view of a scene that is shot from
a considerable distance, so that people
appear as indistinct shapes.
7. Over the shoulder/side shot a shot of
someone or something taken from the
perspective or camera angle from the
shoulder of another person.
Angle
1. Low angle shot typically shows the entire
object or human figure and is usually
intended to place it in some relation to its
surroundings.
2. High angle shot is a cinematic technique
where the camera looks down on the
subject from a high angle and the point of
focus often gets "swallowed up." It can
make the subject seem vulnerable or
powerless when applied with the correct
mood, setting, and effects.
3. Dutch Angle shot A Dutch tilt is a camera
shot in which the camera angle is
deliberately slanted to one side. This can
be used for dramatic effect and helps
portray unease, disorientation, frantic or
desperate action, intoxication, madness,
etc.
4. Point of View shot is a short film scene that
shows what a character (the subject) is
looking at (represented through the
camera).
Composition
1. Head room is a concept of aesthetic
composition that addresses the relative
vertical position of the subject within the
frame of the image.
2. Lead room is the space in front, and in the
direction of, moving or stationary subjects.
Well-composed shots leave space in the
direction the subject is facing or moving.
Camera movement
1. Zoom in/out to (cause a camera or
computer to) make the image of something
or someone appear much larger and
nearer, or much smaller and further away
2. Tilting and panning Tilting is a
cinematographic technique in which the
camera stays in a fixed position but rotates
movements is to turn, or pan (from the
word panorama), the camera horizontally
so that it sweeps around the scene. It can
also be tilted up or down in a vertical
panning shot or in a diagonal pan, as when
it follows an actor up a stairway.
3. Dolly/tracking shot A tracking shot is any
shotwhere the camera follows backward,
forward or moves alongside the subject
being recorded.
How to make Documentary
1. Research
2. Create a plan
3. Create a shot list
4. Start shooting
5. Write a script
6. Begin editing
7. Check for legal and copyright issues
Elements of Art
-building blocks used to create art
-convey meaning, express ideas and feelings
Point
-simplest and basic unit of design;
-can be used alone or as a unit it a group
-forms lines or shapes
-are rendered using pointillism
-Point : traditional
-Pixel : Digital
Line
-extended dots (mark made between 2 points)
-length and width are present, but there is no
depth
-2d and goes in any direction, straight or curved
Perspective
-creates an illusion of space on a flat surface
-represents 3d objects on a 2d surface making it
realistic and natural
Shape
-a closed space limited into two dimensions:
length and width
-Geometric: have clear edges
-Organic: natural, less well-defined edges
Space
CPAR Finals Reviewer
By 11STEM-14 Core Group
Ma’am Amihan De Sosa

-area between 2 elements used to separate or -forms an isosceles triangle

group anything 5. Tetradic
-gives eye rest and importance to the subject -double complementary
-Positive Space: object -forms a rectangle
-Negative Space: background or void 6. Triadic
-forms an equilateral triangle
Texture
-perceived surface of the object Color Psychology
-adds depth and visual Red = most dynamic and passionate; appetite and
-Real Texture: actual texture of an object in 3D metabolism
space Orange = optimistic and extroverted; restore
-Implied Texture: visual illusions energy
Yellow = most vibrant; enlightenment and
Color spirituality
-results when light hits an object Green = renewal and growth
-perceived visual and physical properties Blue = peace, serenity, meditation, relaxation,
-seen by the human eye intelligence, and productivity
-how the brain interprets the light waves reflected Violet = nasty attitude and rudeness; loneliness,
misery, and sorrow
Major Color Attributes
• Hue Vermillion = red-orange
-basic attribute of color that makes it Gold = yellow-orange
distinct to other colors Chartreuse = yellow-green
• Saturation Teal = blue-green
-intensity of color in an image Indigo = blue-violet
• Desaturation Magenta = red-violet
-absence of hue Black = presence of all colors
• Value White = absence of all colors
-lightness or darkness of an object Brown = mix of all primary colors
Tint: addition of white Pink = tint of red
Shade: addition of black Maroon = shade of red
Tone: addition of gray Sky Blue = tint of blue
• Highlights Navy Blue = shade of blue
-areas on an object where light is
• Color Theory
-guiding principle
• Color wheel Composition
-developed by Isaac Newton -the arrangement and structural elements of a
• Color Attributes work of art
-Characteristics of Colors -can be broken
• Color Schemes
-Combinations of colors Balance
1. Monochromatic -concept of visual equilibrium and relates to our
-colors are derived from a single base physical sense of balance
2. Analogous a) Symmetrical: there is equal weight in both
-3 colors beside each other sides
3. Complementary b) Asymmetrical: there are varying weights
-opposite Fibonacci sequence = the golden shot
4. Split Complementary
-3 colors made from a single color Emphasis
and the 2 colors beside its opposite -the center of interest or focal point
CPAR Finals Reviewer
By 11STEM-14 Core Group
Ma’am Amihan De Sosa

• religion
Movement • mythology
-visual sense and flow through the artwork • nature
-the path that the viewer’s eye takes • genre
• portrait
Unity • nude
-visual orderliness and synchronization of all • still life
elements in an art piece (DIFFERENT ELEMENTS) • surreal
• abstract
Contrast
-arrangement of two or more OPPOSITE elements Examples:
called variation
Charioscuro: strong contrasting light and shadow A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens
from one direction Subject Matter: Christmas
Tenebrism: predominant dark tones over light for Theme: Giving and being unselfish
dramatic effect
On The Job
Harmony Subject Matter: Cops vs Criminals
-satisfying effect of combining related elements Theme: Betrayal, sacrifices and corruption
(SAME ELEMENTS)
-can be achieved through repetition and rhythm Pamilya Ordinaryo
Repetition: repeated use Subject Matter: Poverty, family
Rhythm: continuity in time and space Theme: Sacrifices and being unselfish

Goodluck, Curr B!
Three Components of Art:
1. Form One Last Push!
-Visual Organization
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2. Subject
-the depicted object/s
-branch of knowledge
-what the concept is all about

Types of Subject:
• Representational/ Figurative art
• Non-representational/ Non-objective art
(abstract)

3. Theme
-is the impact or meaning of the work
-main idea or Central point
-moral of the story

Subject Matter
- is the literal topic depicted in the work

Ways to represent Subject Matter:

• history