Reporting

and
Sharing Findings
Reporting and Sharing Findings

• In order to be useful, a researcher must properly

convey all the data acquired in the experiment
• Without proper dialog, these results might be
lost to translation
• This is done in the results and discussion
Reporting and Sharing Findings
• Traditionally, this part is divided into two
separate chapters:
• Chapter IV: Results
• Shows all the necessary and important results
from all the experimentation
• If unsure what to right, go back to your objectives and decided
if the result is relevant or not
• It also contains all the statistical analysis done
to the said results; stating whether they are
significant or not
 Reporting and Sharing Findings
• Chapter V: Discussion
• It is written to review the analyze and evaluate all
the results that are stated in Chapter IV
• The analysis is done in context to the existing knowledge and
literatures of that particular subject
• It should also discuss why the results happened
• It should also demonstrate the limitations of your
results in parallel to the methods
• However: Chapters IV and V are often
combined with each other
Reporting and Sharing Findings
• Chapter IV: Results
• Chapter V: Discussion

• However: These chapters are often

combined with each (Chapter IV)
• This is done to avoid redundancy and improve
the flow of thought
• To help the readers understand all of it easily
and prevent misinterpretation
Results and Discussion
The most important part of the research
paper because the researcher:
• Demonstrates their ability to critically think
and logically synthesize their findings and
understand the research topic deeper
• Engages the reader to think analytically about
the topic based upon the interpretations of the
findings.
Results and Discussion
The most important part of the research paper
because the researcher:
• Presents the underlying meaning of the
research, note its possible implications to
other research areas, and explore possible
improvements
• Highlights how the study filled the existing
gaps in research
• It can also reveal unknown and or new gaps in
the existing pool of knowledge
Results and Discussion: General Rules
• Do not be verbose or repetitive. Be clear, concise,
and direct
• It if best to show the results and directly. Remember,
this is a research. Beating around the bush and making
it longer will not make it better and more scientific.
• Avoid Jargon and hifalutin words
• Like the previous rule, don’t try to hard in making it
more scientific by using pretentious words. What
matters is it can be understood
Results and Discussion: General Rules
• Follow logical stream of thought
• Show and interpret the results chronologically. If you
don’t know where to start
• Use proper tenses
• When stating the results or when referring to a previous
research, use past tense. However, when discussing it
or explaining established facts, use the present tense.
• Organize it by using subheadings
Results and Discussion: Content
This chapter should contain:
• An explanation of the results
• Look at the results and state if it were expected or not,
especially if it is important to the study.
• Do all the explanation deeply and intensively.
• Do it deductively
• By looking at general observations (from the
experiments), create a highly specific conclusion or
explanation.
Results and Discussion: Content
This chapter should contain:
• Cite previous researches
• Do all the explanation based on different and
researches.
• Either compare your results to the previous literatures
or use it as a support to your claims
• Utilize both previously cited and new literatures
• Highlighting specific research can be done
Reporting Data
 Reporting Data
1. How to interpret the result
• Do not just parade all the data, present it through interpretation
Reporting the Data Interpreting the Data
The forest area in Mindanao as There is a sharp decline of forest cover
of August 2017 is 150 square in the past decade. From a total of
kilometer 300km2 (reference), the data showed
that only half of it remained. Only…

All of the data shown here are only created for the purpose of explaining things. These data are not from legitimate references and are only drawn
from the imagination of the author of this slideshow
 Reporting Data
2. Use Text and Visual Aids Properly
• Use visual aids to help the readers understand
the research paper’s discussion.
• This images are stand-alone figures. This means
that it can explain itself without using the texts
in the discussion.
• Remember: The text is the primary means of
discussion. However, use graphics to support
your explanations

All of the data shown here are only created for the purpose of explaining things. These data are not from legitimate references and are only drawn
from the imagination of the author of this slideshow
Reporting Data
2. Use Text and Visual Aids
Properly
• Example:
• Note that the figure number
was included as well as a short
description of it
• The description is independent
to the text

The figure is extracted from the study of Schillinger and Lucke (1989).
 Reporting Data
3. Refer to the figures correctly
• Although independent, the figures
should be connected to the text.
• You can directly state it by using
signal phrases or just enclose it in
a parenthesis.

Schillinger & Lucke, 1989

 Reporting Data
4. Use headings and subheadings
• This is to organize your results
and discussions to clearly indicate
the findings of the study
• Do this by:
• Choosing the appropriate
name/type of heading
• Numbering it consistently

Extracted from http://www.nus.edu.sg/celc/research/books/cwtuc/chapter04.pdf

 Reporting Data
4. Use Language of Reporting
• One of the pitfalls of this chapter is that
some researchers fail to properly
address/convey their ideas to the readers
• Sometimes, one wrong word can change
the entire meaning of the discussion
• Grammatical prowess is a must in
research

Extracted from http://www.nus.edu.sg/celc/research/books/cwtuc/chapter04.pdf

 Reporting Data
4. Use Language of Reporting
Misrepresented Appropriate
From the survey, 40% of the respondents feel... The survey shows that 40% of the respondents feel...
(It is not from the survey that the respondents feel or
think a certain way.)
According to the respondents, they said that… According to the respondents, the amount of garbage
(redundant) seen in the…
The organs were extracted to the samples (Mus The organs were extracted to the samples (Mus
musculus) musculus)

Extracted from http://www.nus.edu.sg/celc/research/books/cwtuc/chapter04.pdf

Reference
• http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/discussion
• http://www.sfedit.net/discussion.pdf
• http://www.nus.edu.sg/celc/research/books/cwtuc/chapter04.pdf
• https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/dissertation-results-
discussion.html
• http://aem.asm.org/content/55/8/1901.full.pdf