BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI

FIRST SEMESTER 2017-2018:

PROBLEM SHEET I: OPEN CHANNEL FLOW-UNIFORM FLOW

COURSE NO.: CE F312
HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING
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Q.1 A rectangular channel 8.0 m wide and 1.5 m deep, has a slope of 0.001 in 1 and is lined with
smooth concrete plaster. It is desired to enhance the discharge to a maximum by changing the
dimensions of the channel but keeping the same amount of lining. Workout the new dimensions
and the percentage increase in discharge. For the smooth concrete plaster, take Manning’s rugosity
coefficient equal to 0.015.

Q.2 It is proposed to construct an earthen trapezoidal channel for irrigation. The soil of the region is
clean silt with Mannings roughness coefficient (N) as 0.022 and an average slope of 1 in 2000.
Design the channel cross section so that the seepage losses are minimum. The channel is supposed
to convey a design discharge of 5 cumecs.

Q.3 A triangular duct flows partly full as shown in Figure in which AB=BC=AC. If the critical flow
rate is 1.0 m3/sec, what would be the critical depth and critical slope for this channel? Show all
calculations clearly by assume the Manning coefficient for this channel as n = 0.016.
A

B C

1.0 m

Q.4 A sewer consists of a semicircular top and a semicircular bottom of radius r jointed by parallel
vertical sides of length r so that the overall height is 3 r. (a) Calculate the angle subtended by the
water surface at the center of the upper/lower semicircle for maximum discharge. Take Chezy’s
constant C = K R1/6, where R is hydraulic mean depth and K is another constant.

Q.5 A channel of parabolic section whose section profile has the equation y = Kx2 conveys a discharge
Q. Calculate the critical depth by showing all steps of your calculation.

Q.6 Prove that for a channel of triangular section with side slope ‘z’ horizontal to 1 vertical, the critical
depth yc for a given discharge Q and specific energy E, is given by the following expressions:
1/5
æ 2 Q2 ö 4
y c = çç ÷
2 ÷
and y c = E
è g z ø 5

Q.7 A circular culvert has a capacity of 0.5 m3/sec when flowing full. Velocity should not be less than
0.7 m/sec if the depth is one-fourth of the diameter. Assuming uniform flow, determine the
diameter and slope, taking Manning’s roughness coefficient n = 0.012.

Q.8 Water flowing in a wide-open channel encounters with a velocity of 8 m/sec and flow depth of
0.8m. Now cannel encounters a hump of 30-cm at the bottom of the channel and water flows over
this hump. Determine whether the water surface level over the hump will increase or decrease.
Also determine if the flow over the hump is subcritical or super-critical. Perform all calculation
and draw the water surface profile.
Q.9 A rectangular channel 2.50 m wide carries a uniform flow of 6.5 m3/sec at a depth of 1.50 m. If
there is a local rise of 0.15 m in the bed level somewhere at downstream side, calculate the water
surface elevation over the raised bed. What can be the maximum rise in the bed elevation such that
the upstream depth is not affected?

By Dr. Ajit Pratap Singh, Civil Engineering Group, BITS Pilani 9/24/2017
Q.10 Water flows over a 0.25m bump in a constant width, horizontal rectangular channel as shown in
the figure below. The upstream depth and velocity are 0.5m and 0.2 m/sec, respectively. Draw the
specific energy diagram for this flow and find the depth and velocity over the bump at point B.
Then find the depth and velocity downstream of the bump at point 2. Neglect the effect of friction.

Q.11 Water is flowing in a rectangular channel at a velocity of 3 m/s and a depth of 2.5 m. Determine
the changes in water surface elevation for the following alterations in the channel bottom at the
downstream: (i). An increase (upward step) of 20 cm, neglecting losses. (ii) The maximum
increase allowable for the specified upstream flow conditions to remain unchanged, neglecting
losses. (iii) A “well-designed” decrease (downward step) of 20 cm.

Q.12 A venture flume, 3 m wide at the entrance and 1.5 wide at the throat has a horizontal datum. If the
depth of water at the entrance and at the throat is 0.75 m and 0.65 m respectively, calculate the
discharge through the flume. If a 0.2 m high stream lined hump is provided at the base so that a
sanding wave is formed downstream the throat, workout the specific energy and the upstream
depth for the same discharge. (7. 0 M)

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By Dr. Ajit Pratap Singh, Civil Engineering Group, BITS Pilani 9/24/2017