Name Of Group : Mar'atun Sholekhah (1711040235)

Yunita Eka Wulan Dari (1711040268)

A. Theory Of Stereotypes

There is some theories of stereotypes, including:

According to Baron, Branscombe and Byrne (2008: 188), the stereotype is a belief about
the nature or characteristics of a social group that is believed to share

Franzoi (2008: 199) The stereotype is the belief of the people who put them into one
category and does not allow for variety (variation) individually. Social trust is learned from
others and maintained through the rules of social interaction

The stereotype is based solely on the assessment of the person's perception of the group
in which the person can be categorized. Stereotyping is a shortcut thinking intuitively performed
by humans to simplify complex matters and help in making decisions quickly

Stereotypes are often interpreted as a mockery, also the images or delusion or a specific
response against individuals or groups subjected to prejudice. Individuals who stereotype against
a group or class, stereotypical attitudes are difficult to change, despite what the different
stereotypes with reality. For instance: The stereotype says that Jews were usurers, fraudsters.
Though many Jews were friendly and honest.

a. Definition

A stereotype is an over-generalized belief about a particular category of people. [1] It is an

expectation that people Might have about every person of a particular group. The type of
expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation about the group's personality,
preferences, or ability.

b. Characteristics Stereotypes
These stereotypical terms have the following characteristics:

1. This Simplifies Complex

Stereotyping is a shortcut that is done intuitively thought by humans to simplify complex

things and done in an effort to provide assistance in making decisions quickly.

2. Influencing Interpretation Process Information

Stereotypes often affects how a person to process and interpret information. Stereotypes
can bring people to see what they expect to see and predict how often saw it.

3. Not Accurate

Stereotypes are rarely accurate, typically have little things right, or even completely
fabricated. Various disciplines have different opinions regarding the emergence of stereotyped
behavior: psychologists emphasize on experience with an example of a social group, the
communication patterns of the group, and intergroup conflict. While sociologists emphasis on
the relations between the group and the position of groups in the social order.

4. mockery

Stereotypes often interpreted as mockery, or images as well as the specific chimera

against individuals or groups subjected to such steretip. When people have a stereotype about a
group or groups, these stereotypical attitudes will be difficult to change, despite what the
different stereotypes with reality.

c. Various Stereotypes

The most common stereotype in our society generally about gender and ethnic group
membership or employment.

1) Gender Stereotypes

Gender stereotypes is the belief of the existence of differences in the characteristics or

attributes of men and women. People have more respect to men than women and this factor plays
an important role on discrimination in the workplace for women.
 Sometimes because of stereotypes, there was an injustice to women who have a high
performance but did not get the corresponding position accomplishments because she was a
woman. Gender stereotypes that women tend to rate the emotional, obedient, illogical, passive,
whereas men tend to be emotional, dominant, logical and aggressive.

2) Stereotypes Jobs

While the stereotype of the work, such as sage, glamorous artist, firm police and so on.
Stereotypes tend is too broad does not know the difference in one group and less accurate
perception of someone. Though not all police assertive, not all women are emotional, not all
male dominant, and not all sages.

d. Factors Incidence of Stereotypes

There are several factors that influence and encourage the emergence of stereotypes,
namely;

a. Family

Stereotypes in the family function is for example the treatment of fathers and mothers of
the boys and girls are different. Parents prepare different births over male and female. They also
assume that the boy is strong, loud cries, while baby girls soft and loud cries.

b. Friends of the same age

Peers have a pretty big effect social change on the stereotype of children from preschool
age and becomes especially important when a child in Junior High and High School on. Peers
encourage boys to play with a man's game like soccer, while girls play with girls games like
playing with dolls.

c) Education

School, as one definition of educational institutions provide a number of gender message

to children. Schools provide a different treatment of them, in particular to provide a uniform
view of the woman and the man wears.

d) Public
The community provides child stereotypes through their attitude in looking at what has been
provided for boys and girls identify themselves. Women tend to need the help of men and fixers.

e) Media

Through the appearance of men and women who are often seen in TV commercials or
newspaper. Not only greater frequency in males than in females but also in the types of jobs are
shown men are more and more prestigious than women.

In fact explanations vary description above we can conclude that the stereotype is a form
of "fast thinking" that gives us a rich and distinct information about individuals that we do not
know personally.

e. Stereotypes Function

Although stereotypes in general is negative streotipe but also has a function of, among
other things:

 Describes a condition in a particular group.

 Provide and shape the image of the group

 Help someone out of a group to start behaving towards other groups

 Through this stereotype we can assess the state of a group.

f. Stereotype Problem In Indonesia

Papua "monkey"
Friday, stereotype threat also appeared clearly carried out by a group of
community organizations (CBOs) against Papuan students, who happens to also have a
darker skin color because it is still part of the Melanesian race, in Yogyakarta.
When the Papuan students who are members of the People's Union for the
Liberation of West Papua (PRPPB) plans to undertake a long march as the efforts of the
expression of their support of the United Liberation Movement for West Papua
(ULMWP) to become a full member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG).
 They shouted at "Monkeys!" and "Dog!" by several organizations such as Pemuda
Pancasila, Paksi Katon, and Laskar Yogyakarta, an invective arising from the stereotype
that people of Papua is still a retarded person.

If the research experts at the American right, it is not likely the treatment a number of elements
of the Papuan people based on stereotypes was the one who made the Papuan students
themselves perceive they are unable to perform like other ethnic groups in Indonesia.Atau worse,
lest stereotypes Indonesia was the one who hinder progress as a nation? Well, it took more
courage than the researchers to prove it.