PROJECT IN COMPUTER

JULY 3, 2019

Submitted by:
KIN JESTER D. OÑEZ
Class Adviser:
MR. MELJHON MUNDOY
What is Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has
the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you
can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse
the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and
even videos.

Basic Parts of a Computer

The basic parts of a computer are the computer case, monitor, keyboard,
mouse, and power cord. Each part plays an important role whenever you use a
computer.

Computer Case

The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main
components of the computer, including the motherboard, central processing
unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off
button and one or more optical drives.
Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on
a desk, and the monitor usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall and sits
next to the monitor or on the floor. All-in-one computers come with the
internal components built into the monitor, which eliminates the need for a
separate case.

Monitor

The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to
display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control
buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some
monitors also have built-in speakers.

Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting
diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-
panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT
monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.
 Keyboard

The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There
are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you
to accomplish the same basic tasks.

Mouse

The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers.

Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the
screen, click on them, and move them.
Five Main Parts of Computer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the "brains" of the computer. The central processing unit provides
the calculations and manipulation of data sent from the user. Each time the
user clicks a key, executes an application or browses the Web, the CPU reads
the code involved and returns the response to the user. The CPU works closely
with memory, which is the component that sends stored data to the unit.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is variable in a computer. Older computers had only a few dozen

megabytes of RAM installed. When personal computers became popular in the
1990s, computers had 32 megabytes of memory. Motherboards and software
now require at least one gigabyte to function. RAM contains the information
during the time the computer is on. After the machine is turned off, the
information in RAM is lost.

Hard Drive

Unlike RAM, the hard drive stores data even after the machine is turned off. A
hard drive is the storage unit for the machine. Saved documents and
applications are stored on the hard drive using magnetism. The hard drive is
made up of small platters with a moving head. The platters spin as the head
moves back and forth to retrieve and store data.

Video Card

The video card provides the image seen on the monitor. The video card is
attached to a monitor using a VGA cable. Some video cards have two monitor
connections. This allows the user to attach two monitors to the computer, so
the desktop can be spread across both monitors for better usability.

Motherboard

Each component is attached to the motherboard. The motherboard receives

power from the computer's power supply. The motherboard allows all the
components to communicate, including the CPU. The motherboard also
contains controllers, which are circuits that help the operating system work
with hardware such as the hard drive.

Hardware vs. Software

Before we talk about different types of computers, let's talk about two things
all computers have in common: hardware and software.

Hardware

Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as
the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts,
which you can see in the image below.
 Software

Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how
to do it. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word
processors. Below, you can see an image of Microsoft PowerPoint, which is
used to create presentations.
Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software.
For example, right now you may be viewing this lesson in a web
browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to
page. As you learn about different types of computers, ask yourself about the
differences in their hardware. As you progress through this tutorial, you'll see
that different types of computers also often use different types of software.

History of Computer
• Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was
computers.
• These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a
mathematical expression.
• The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring
years of training in mathematics.
• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a
person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued
to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century.

Tally Sticks

A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even messages.
 Abacus

An Abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing

mathematical calculations.
• The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first used in China in
around 500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.

The progression of the ease of use of computers:

1. Almost impossible to use except by very patient geniuses (1950s);

2. Programmable by highly trained people only (1960s and 1970s);
3. Useable by just about anyone (1980s and on).

It is nice to know how computers got smaller, cheaper, and easier to use as
time goes by.