UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA

OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

ACADEMIC PREPARATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION

AMONG GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS IN UPHSL

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
the Faculty of the College of Business and Accountancy
University of Perpetual Help System Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in Business Management

By:

Guina, Al Sean B.
Laban, Sean Dillon A.
Marmay, Sitti Almira P.
Rafael, Magnolia Ann B.

March 2020
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

The Enhanced Basic Education Act commonly known as the The K to 12

was signed into Law. In 2014, the curriculum for Grade 11 & 12 was completed. 11
The Implementation of Senior High School stated in school year 2016-2017

(Department of Education, 2017). The K to 12 Educational system is primarily 13

years of basic education which includes four (4) stages namely. Kindergarten to

Grade 3, Grade 4 to 6; Grade 7 to 10 (Junior High School) and Grade11 & 12

(Senior High School).

The Department of Education (DepEd) reiterated that the k to 12 program

aims to provide students ample time to master concepts and skills, develop life-

long learners and prepare SHS graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills

development , employment and entrepreneurship (Department of Education, 2017).

It is evident that some graduates are expected to be entrepreneurs after their Senior

High Education. Consequently, the K to 12 program is considered the best time

frame for learning basic education and it is global standard in education for
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

students and professionals to be recognized internationally. (Department of

Education, 2017.

In the Philippines, entrepreneurship education is heavily focused on the

development of entrepreneurs in terms of encouraging start-ups (Velasco, 2017).

“The increasing tendency for government policy to promote entrepreneurship for

its apparent economic benefit. Government seeks to employ entrepreneurship

education as a means to stimulate increased levels of economic activity”

(O’Connor, 2013). “The number of colleges and universities that offer courses

related to entrepreneurship has a grown from a handful in the 1970s to over 1,600

in 2005. In the midst of this huge expansion remains the challenge of complete

academic legitimacy for entrepreneurship” (Kuratko, 2005).

This study focuses on how entrepreneurship education impacts the

students’ perception towards the business world and how they foresee themselves

being in the field of business. This study aims to contribute about understanding

the impact of ABM strand on of Academic Preparation and Entrepreneurial

motivation among Grade12 ABM students. Its purpose is to know how Academic

Preparation develops through entrepreneurship education if it’s positively or

negatively affects the perception of students towards entrepreneurship. It will also

serve as predictor for future behavior of a young entrepreneurs.

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Theoretical Framework

Based on Alain Fayolle's A Research Agenda for Entrepreneurship

Education, the interest in entrepreneurship ranges from macro-economic policy

makers, who view entrepreneurship as a potential mechanism to create economic

growth, to individuals who pursue entrepreneurial opportunities for their own

purposes. Between these extremes, entrepreneurship is viewed as a way to increase

the competitiveness of existing organizations as well as a potential method of

addressing global social needs (Sarasvathy and Venkataraman, 2011).

In response to this growing demand, school and universities worldwide

have emerged with courses, programmes, and fields of study. Yet, a significant gap

exists in our understanding of entrepreneurship education about what knowledge

have we gathered regarding the appropriateness, relevancy, coherency, social

usefulness and efficiency of our initiatives and practices in entrepreneurship

education (Fayolle, 2013).

Therefore, it leads to a hypothesis that entrepreneurship is indeed a

necessary behavior critical to economic and social development and can allow

inclusion of marginalized groups. It opens a door to individual fulfilment, a feeling

of freedom and gives room to consider personal aspirations, preferences, values

and objectives, whilst being the key to organizational and institutional

transformation and regeneration.

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Conceptual Framework

Hypothesis: Entrepreneurial learning in several subjects and learning

environment will:

a. Positively and significantly enhances the students’ entrepreneurial skills for

their own entrepreneurial career in the future.

b. Positively and significantly be a key issue to political agenda around the

world.

c. Positively be associated with the future economic growth, social welfare and

way out of youth unemployment.

Operational Framework

Local and International studies suggest that entrepreneurship is a primary

tool for economic progress. Entrepreneurship has been identified to impact the

society through employment, improvement of human life, increased the

productivity and revenue from taxes (Lacap, 2015). With this in mind, it is

important that entrepreneurship must be emphasized in the basic curriculum in the

Philippines, and the Filipino students must be encourage to create their own
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

ventures after completing their degrees. Hence, the current undertaking is about

measuring the entrepreneurial inclination of SHS students and how identified

demographic factors impacts the students inclination to entrepreneurship.

There is Limited research in Entrepreneurial inclinations and intention in the

Philippines. From literature review, the works of (Ramos, 2014) found that

entrepreneurial intention is unaffected by the students of Family Background,

Family Income and Bachelor Degree’s. From (Mendoza and Lacap, 2015)

identified that respondents openness to experience, conscientiousness,

agreeableness, and neuroticism have significant relationship with entrepreneurial

intention. Since k to 12 program started only 2016-2017. It is timely come up with

an undertaking that will gauge the inclination of SHS students. To

entrepreneurship. Specifically, the study identifies the significant difference in

respondents’ entrepreneurship inclination when the groups are the based on;

In this study, the independent variable is the respondent’s profile such as

age, gender, family monthly income and the parents are entrepreneur, while the

dependent variable is the impact of Academic Preparation and Entrepreneurial

motivation among of the Grade12 ABM students in UPHSL.

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Operational Model

Independent variable Dependent variable

Respondents Profile:

 Age Academic Preparation and

 Gender Entrepreneurial motivation
 Family Monthly among of the Grade 12 ABM
income Students in UPHSL.
 Parents are
entrepreneur

Fig. 1. The operational model of the study showing the difference among variables.

Statement of the Problem

Entrepreneurial education plays a vital role in students’ perspective in the field of

business. To understand the impact of ABM strand on the entrepreneurial drives

among of the Grade 12 ABM students, these are the areas to be considered, to be

assessed, and to be comprehended. Specifically, this study aims to answer the ff.

substantial question.

1. What is the demographic profile of the students?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Course to take up in college

1.4 Family Monthly Income

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

1.5 Parents are entrepreneur

2. What is the level of satisfaction among ABM students in terms of classroom

learning?

3. What is the level of motivation among ABM students in terms of

Entrepreneurial drives?

4. Is there among significant difference in terms the level of satisfaction in

Academic Preparation when respondence are group recording profile variable?

5. Is there any significant relation between academic preparation and the

Entrepreneurial motivation among ABM students?

6. What will be the impact of Academic Preparation and Entrepreneurial

motivation that will be affects the perception of students towards

Entrepreneurship education that will serve as predictor for future behavior of a

young entrepreneurs?

Statement of the Hypothesis

This hypothesis is the tentative answers to the research problem. The null forms

will be subjected norms and entrepreneurship education programmed positively

influences attitude toward behavior, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial

intention. The substantial problem are tentatively answered using null hypothesis

which is given below:

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

HO1: There is significant difference in the impact of entrepreneurial intention of

the Grade12 ABM students in UPHSL, as perceived by the respondents when grouped

according to profile variables.

HO2: Family business background influences entrepreneurial inclination.

HO3: Age differences influence entrepreneurial inclination.

Assumption of the Study

As discussed in the literature review of impact studies, the number of

methodologically sound studies is limited and research opportunities are promising.

The reviewed studies provide a mixed picture of the majority of studies reporting a

positive impact, while a few but also methodologically sound studies report mixed or

negative results of entrepreneurship education (Oosterbeek et al. 2010).

Therefore call for additional research on different variants of entrepreneurship

education of particular research significance is the impact of voluntary

entrepreneurship education programmed on university-level participants as students are

on the edge of deciding whether they want to pursue a career in a salaried employee

relationship or becoming self-employed after graduation.

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Furthermore, the identified new avenues of research, a) the impact of duration -

intensity of a programmed on Academic Preparation and the entrepreneurial

motivation of the Grade12 ABM students b) the stability of entrepreneurial education,

c) the link between entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment, and d) the

identification of potential entrepreneurial trigger events within entrepreneurship

education programmed will be further developed and examined in this research study

(Difo Druck GmbH, Bamberg , 2011).

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study focuses on how Academic Preparation and Entrepreneurial motivation

impacts the student’s perception towards the business world. The respondents of the

study will be the Grade 12 ABM students of University of Perpetual Help System-

JONELTA.

The estimation of the duration of the collection of the data is within one week.

This study aims to contribute about understanding the Academic Preparation and how

the Entrepreneurial education affects the student. The research design to be used is

correlational and the chosen research instrument for data collection is questionnaire or

survey.
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Significance of the Study

Entrepreneurship is not only important for the business itself. It plays a major

role in the economy of a country. First of all, it creates new job opportunities. When an

entrepreneur starts a business, she/he needs to hire others to build up the company.

Besides that, entrepreneurship cause economic growth. In some countries, there are

more entrepreneurs than in other countries. Nevertheless, the field is growing

constantly. However, one of the most important aspects is for sure that

entrepreneurship helps to bring new products and ideas to the market. Without the

creative ideas of entrepreneurs, our world would not be as advanced as it is today in

the fields of culture, science, and technology (Morgalne Gerlach, 2014).

To the Grade 12 ABM Students

Entrepreneurship education also provides a background for the teaching of

academic subjects giving those studies a ground in the real world. Every student should

have the opportunity to make an informed decision about entrepreneurship as a career

path now or later in life. The foundation for that decision should begin in the k-12

system. The consideration of entrepreneurial opportunities preserves the innovative

and creative thinking skills that exist in the very early grades but disappear as students

move toward high school graduation.

Entrepreneurship education aids students from all socioeconomic backgrounds

to think outside the box and nurture unconventional talents and skills. It creates
 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

opportunities, ensures social justice, instills confidence and stimulates the economy.

Entrepreneurship education is a lifelong learning process, starting as early as

elementary school and progressing through all levels of education, including adult

education.

Definition of Term

Entrepreneurship – is a multi-faced phenomenon, which comprehend both the start-

up of new companies (start-up entrepreneurship) as well as the carrying out of new

strategic initiatives within existing business (corporate entrepreneurship) (Schumpeter,

1934). It is considered as the essential lever to cope with the new competitive

landscape (Hitt& Reed, 2000).

Entrepreneurial education- all about the development and improvement of

entrepreneurial inspiration, awareness, knowledge and skills that are much needed to

successfully establish and run an entrepreneurial venture (Ozaraili&Rivenburgh,

2016).

Economic growth- An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and

services, compared from one period of time to another (Lefty,2012).

 UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Department of Education- abbreviated as DepEd; Filipino: Kagawaran ng

Edukasyon) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for

ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic education.

(Department of Education, 2017)

The K to 12 Basic Education Program-of is the flagship program of the Department

Education in its desire to offer a curriculum which is attuned to the 21st century. It

covers Kindergarten and 12 years of Basic Education [Six (6) years of primary

education, Four (4) year of Junior High School, and Two (2) year of Senior High

School (SHS)] to provide graduated for tertiary education, middle-level skills

development, employment, and entrepreneurship (“The K-12 Basic Education

Program”, 2017).

The Theory of Planned Behavior- describes the intention of a behavior depends on

attitude, social norm, and controlled behavior. It is a theory that links beliefs and

explaining human behavior. It has been applied to studies of the relations among

beliefs, attitudes, behavioral intentions and behaviors in various fields such as

advertising, public relation, advertising campaigns and healthcare (Azjen, 1991).

Unemployment- defined as a situation where someone of working age is not able to

get a job but would like to be in full-time employment (Pettinger, 2017).

UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM – JONELTA
OLD NATIONAL HIGHWAY, BINAN, LAGUNA

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY