POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF RA 9003: Evaluation of the Solid Waste

Management in Bulacan State University – Sarmiento Campus

Research Paper by

Maria Perpetua A. Serapio

July 2012
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The implementation of RA 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act of 2001

provided the necessary framework and institutional mechanisms for the proper treatment of waste
and waste disposal. The law sets the appropriate guidelines for waste minimization and introduction
of proper treatment measures (i.e. segregate, transport, collection disposal, recycling procedures)
enhanced through the promotion of national research and development programs. As provided in the
law, t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e c r e a t i o n o f t h e N a t i o n a l S o l i d W a s t e Management
Commission, is the creation of Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan which is
strategically and geographically enforced in the local government units (LGUs) for the
implementation of safe and sanitary management plans for solid waste
t r e a t m e n t i n t h e respective areas. The study looked into the Bulacan State University – Sarmiento Campus,
Barangay Kaypian, City of San Jose Del Monte and p r o v i d e d a s s e s s m e n t o f i t s s o l i d
w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t p l a n i n accordance to the guidelines stipulated in R.A. 9003. The case study
scrutinized the solid waste management strategy implemented in Bulacan State University-Sarmiento
Campus and examined the effectiveness of the waste management plan in terms of waste treatment and
minimization of waste generated in the school.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The general problem of the study is: How is RA 9003 implemented in BulSU- SC?

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. How may the implementation of RA 9003 be implemented in terms of:

1.1. school rules and regulations in relation to RA 9003
1.2. waste segregation
1.2.1. biodegradable
1.2.2. non-biodegradable
1.2.3. kitchen waste
2. What is the status of the waste management act in BulSU-SC?
3. What program of activities may be planned to improve the garbage disposal of BulSU-SC?

Further, the study aimed to answer the following specific questions:

1. What is the profile of Bulacan State U niversity - Sarmiento Campus in terms of:
1.1. Land Area;
1.2. Demographics (i.e. population density, no. of classrooms/offices, socio -
economic status of students/personnel, and population);
1.3. School rules which are related to R.A. 9003;
1.4. Budget Allocation

2. What is the waste characteristics of Bulacan State University-Sarmiento Campus in terms of:

2.1. Volume of waste collected;

2.2. Classification of waste collected;

3. How does the school collect and transfer its waste as presented through the:
3.1. Sources of waste;
3.2. Schedule of waste collection;
 3.3. Presence of landfills/dumpsites and their location;
3.4. Resources ( Garbage Collection Facilities

4. What are the practices of waste segregation in the school especially in:
4.1. Classrooms
4.2. Canteens
4.3. Offices

5. Is there a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in the school? If so, what are the:
5.1. Means of processing waste?

6. Does the school engage in recycling their wastes? If so, what are the:
6.1. Means of recycling waste; and
6.2. Incentives for recycling waste?

7. How does the school reduce its wastes as presented through the
7.1. Means of source reduction; and
7.2. Incentives for source reduction

Rationale

The problem of waste is an ecological concern and should not be taken for
granted. V a r i o u s e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s a r i s e f r o m i m p r o p e r w a s t e d i s p o s a l
and inappropriate treatment of waste could exacerbate the waste problem
and have a major bearing on the health impacts of residents living near
landfills, dumpsites or other waste treatment facilities.

The researcher recognizes waste as a major environmental concern which should be properly
addressed by government authorities to ensure the protection of public health and the environment.
The choice of research locale is primarily due to its strategic vicinity and accessibility for the
researcher to conduct the study given the subject is where we are working as teachers in a state
university. Also, the researcher believes that this study can contribute to the immediate community to which the
school belongs.

RA 9003 is an important governmental mechanism to be sought to and evaluated

in the assessment of the local government’s solid waste management system. According
to the Philippine Commission on Audit, Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as The Ecological
Solid Wastes Management of 2000, is one of the environmental laws implanted by the Environmental
Management Bureau (EMB) of the Philippines as a line bureau of
t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The Act provides “for an
ecological solid waste management program, [creates] the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives,[declares] certain acts prohibited and [provides] penalties,
[appropriates] funds therefore, and for other purposes (2005).” The assessment of the school’s
compliance to the environmental law( i . e . B u l a c a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y - S a r m i e n t o
Campus’ adoption of RA 9003 through their school rules and its
implementation process) is essential in determining the initiatives of the school to address solid waste
problem and evaluating its dedication to environmental protection.

Proper waste management is important, and the assessment of

t h e s o l i d w a s t e management in Bulacan State University- Sarmiento
C a m p u s c a n h e l p i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e L o c a l Government Solid
Waste Management Plan in promoting and ensuring environmental practice on waste management.
Furthermore, the case study could provide recommendations for better implementation of the solid
waste management plan of the school to foster a healthier and less wasteful community.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Solid Waste Management is one of the many problems faced by the Philippines in
the present generation. The presence of the Republic Act 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act of
2001 became a good venue to study different Local Government Units in their efforts for Solid Waste
Management for the reduction of wastes.

The study on BulSU –SC’s solid waste management is significant to the administration,
faculty, students, Local Government Units, lawmakers, and the school itself.

It is important because it will provide them with knowledge on whether BulSU -

SC adopted the solid waste management properly. It will provide for the assessment of the school
in the said implementation. The study will serve as a source of information to the
students and help raise a w a r e n e s s o f t h e e f f o r t s p r e s e n t i n t h e i r
c o m m u n i t y e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e c o n c e r n i n g t h e environment. Moreover, it will
provide for knowledge needed to reduce waste in the environment.

Likewise, the study is significant to Local Government Units (LGUs) especially to those
LGUs which encountered difficulties in managing their solid waste. The study can be their guide i n
their own adoption and creation of their own program of action
a b o u t s o l i d w a s t e management.

It is also significant to the lawmakers so that they can pass future laws concerning the
environment, further addressing the problem of waste management in the country. The study could
supplement relevant information to the lawmakers in the assessment of whether the RA9003 is strong
enough to solve the problems of solid waste management. This study can also be used as reference in
strengthening the current law.

Moreover, the study is significant to BulSU-SC since it will serve as reference for
the assessment of efforts in promoting solid waste management. It also recommended actions for the
strengthening of the current actions undertaken in the locale. It can serve as reference in promoting
the development of the BulSU community in managing their solid waste since the study is an
evaluation of the current efforts undertaken by the school.

Lastly, it is important to the researchers because it proved as to the extent and strength
of the RA 9003 as a law. It presented the active participation of the school in adopting the law in
fulfilling their job in addressing their problem of solid waste management. The study gave the
researchers better understanding to the actions of the school in addressing their
problem of solid waste.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study aimed to know whether RA 9003 was adopted by the school in the efforts on solid
waste management. It served as an evaluation of the progress of the school regarding the solid waste
management currently practiced by the school community.

The study presented the progress and t he development of the chosen educational
institution in their management of their solid waste.

The study is limited to BulSU-SC. It covered the implementation of the solid waste management plan of
BulSU-SC and the segregation/recycling practices done by the personnel, students and canteens in the said school. It
focused on the solid waste management of the school and their means of collection and
waste reduction. The evaluation also included the waste management and rules implemented by the
school, transfer and collection of waste, and the possible means of waste reduction and recycling
processes undertaken by the school. The study didn ’ t i n c l u d e t h e w a s t e
s e g r e g a t i o n / r e c y c l i n g p r a c t i c e s o f t h e d i f f e r e n t c a n t e e n s present in BulSU-
SC.
On the evaluation, the researcher used the RA 9003 provisions and the measurement
acknowledge by the whole PS 189 class such as (transfer and collection, waste
reduction, demographics, waste segregation).
 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

RELATED THEORIES

The following theories served as the framework of the study

i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e effectiveness of the solid waste management plan of the chosen school in
accordance to the rules and guidelines set in R.A. 9003.

The Structural -Functionalist theory emphasizes on the functional

aspects of the structures and institutions in the political system. Efficiency
a n d e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f p o l i c y implementation is determined through the performance of its
designated function. Almond and P o w e l l s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e p h y s i c a l , s o c i a l a n d
e c o n o m i c e n v i r o n m e n t i n f l u e n c e s t h e s e structures in the political system. This approach tackles on
the institutions and structure within apolitical system, which include political parties, bureaucracy, local
governments, etc. Almond and Powell suggested that these structures perform different functions,
which in turn contribute and affects the society as a whole.

The Structural-Functionalist approach can be used in looking at the interplay of

the processes involved in the implementation of a certain policy and how the
institutions in the educational system particularly state colleges and universities carry out these
processes. Likewise, this theoretical approach can serve as a f r a m e w o r k f o r t h e a s s e s s m e n t
o f B u l S U - S C ’ s i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e i r s o l i d w a s t e management plan as provided by
their i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e i r s o l i d w a s t e management plan as provided by their local
solid waste management rules juxtaposed to the guidelines stipulated in R.A. 9003.

Also, the theoretical approach can be used as the lens to understand how the
institutions of learning (i.e. Bulacan State University – Sarmiento Campus) carry out the provisions
contained in their solid waste management plan in accordance with R.A. 9003.T h e I n t e g r a t e d
S u s t a i n a b l e W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t F r a m e w o r k i s a l s o a n i m p o r t a n t framework in
assessing waste management systems. The former consists of three dimensions:(1) stakeholders
(everyone who has stake or interest in the current waste management system;(2) waste system
elements (includes the operational elements from generation to disposal); and(3) sustainability aspects
(includes the technical, social, political, environment and financial-economic). This framework will
serve as foundation for the assessment of the effectiveness of the school rules and policies in BulSU-
SC in line with the provisions of the RA 9003, so as the practice of the personnel, students and
stakeholders in line with the provisions in the law.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Solid Waste Management Act 2001

(National)

Waste Classification Waste Collection and Segregation MRF Waste Reduction

Transfer Mechanisms

Local Rules and

Regulations

P Implementation
(school)

Practice
(school community)

The above framework assessed the implementation of the RA 9003 in BulSU-SC, manifested through
the school rules and regulations in the school. Structural Functionalism theory gives e m p h a s i s o n t h e
functional aspects of a structure in a given system. The importance of
structures, such as educational institutions like state colleges and universities were
assessed as to the functions they perform in line with the implementation of the RA 9003. More so,
it assessed the enforcement actions of the institutions of higher learning, in line with its school rules
and policies. Lastly, the assessment of the implementation was based on the practice of the administration, faculty,
students, personnel and canteens in the school.
.
This framework helped in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the school rules and policies
present in BulSU-SC The evaluation was based on three criterion: stakeholders, waste system
elements and sustainability. This is based on the Sustainable Waste Management Frameworks provided
for in the theoretical framework.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Biodegradable waste - refers to waste materials that can be decomposed by

microorganisms

Ecological solid waste management - shall refer to the systematic administration o f

activities which provide for segregation at source,
segregated transportation, storage, transfer,
processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste
and all other waste management activities
which do not harm the environment

Hazardous wastes - refer to solid wastes or combination of solid waste

which because of its quantity, concentration, or
physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, may
cause or significantly contribute to an increase in
mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or
incapacitating reversible illness or pose substantial
present or potential hazard to human health or the
environment when improperly treated, stored,
transported or disposed of or otherwise managed

Non- biodegradable waste - refer to waste materials that cannot be

decomposed by microorganism

Recyclable waste - shall refer to any waste material retrieved from the
waste stream and free from contamination that can
be still converted into suitable beneficial use or for
other purposes
Solid waste - refer to all discarded household, commercial waste,
non- hazardous institutional and industrial waste,
street sweepings, construction debris, and other non-
hazardous/ non- toxic waste
Source reduction - Source reduction, also known as waste prevention
or pollution prevention, is the elimination of waste
before it is created. It involves the design,
manufacture, purchase or use of materials and
products to reduce the amount or toxicity of what is
thrown away. Waste segregation-refers to sorting
and segregation of different materials found in solid waste
in order to promote recycling and re- use of resources
and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Upon the implementation of the Republic Act 9003 in 2000,

v a r i o u s l o c a l governments have adopted and integrated the law into local laws and
ordinances. RA 9003provided the framework as to the Solid Waste Management Plans
in various LGUs in the country. In line with the implementation of the RA 9003,
various researches and reports are published regarding the assessment of the
implementation of the Republic Act in the local governments. These studies range from
the assessment of the local governments in their implementation of the RA 9003, to the challenges and
mechanisms of solid waste management in the Philippines.
 Richie Grace Lago of Liceo de Cagayan University studied on the Solid Waste
Management system in Bayabas, Cagayan de Oro City. Her study entitled
“Solid Waste Management Needs of a Suburban Community” studied the
t e r m s o f h a n d l i n g , s t o r a g e , collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid
waste in the said community. I n t h e a b s t r a c t o f h e r s t u d y , s h e i n d i c a t e d b a r a n g a y
o f f i c i a l s , b a r a n g a y w o r k e r s a n d barangay residents as the respondents of the study.
She measured on the respondents’ awareness of the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000and the initiation of the LGU in the implementation of the
said Republic Act. The researcher concluded that the respondents have moderate awareness of
the RA 9003 and that this level of a w a r e n e s s l e d t o t h e l o w c o o p e r a t i o n i n t h e L G U s
i n t e r m s o f t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e Republic Act. She also concluded that this moderate level of
awareness “discloses a community interest in adopting the introduced solid waste management system.”

Moreover, the assessment of the respondents on the Republic Act 9003 depended on
their level of awareness of the Republic Act and the perceived importance of the
Materials Recovery Facility.

Lastly, the researcher concluded that the barangay should take the lead on the
implementation and s u p p o r t o f t h e R e p u b l i c A c t 9 0 0 3 , w h i c h w i l l i n
r e t u r n a f f e c t t h e r e c e p t i v e n e s s o f t h e respondents to the said Act.

Francis Paulo M. Quina’s study on “Wasting Away: The challenges of solid waste
management in the Philippines,” a study posted on the UP Forum, tackled on the situation of solid
waste management in the country. The researcher presented the current deplorable state of the
Philippines in terms of waste, especially on landfills and dumpsites. The researcher talked on the current law managing the
solid waste management in the country and the urban planning and renewal. The study imparts on the poor
urban planning that led to the current solid waste management problem, especially in Manila.

The researcher assessed Bacolod City into five conclusions. First, “the Bacolod
City Government did not comply with the guidelines and deadlines of RA 9003 and
therefore the National Solid Waste Management Commission.”Second, the City
Government failed to address the DENR’s request to establish a sanitary landfill.
Third, the City Government did not heed the call to close illegal open dumpsite in
Barangay Felisa. Fourth, that the City Government could be subjected to criminal sanctions as a result
of non-compliance to RA 9003. Lastly, the City Government continued to operate the illegal dumpsite
in Brgy. Felisa. As a whole, the researcher stated that “it is imperative that the City should be more
serious about the implementation of RA 9003 and should fast track its information drive
on this law so that the citizenry could become more aware of its provisions. It is equally
imperative that the citizenry, either in their homes or in their workplaces
shouldimplement proper waste segregation, so that the City could comply with its agreement with
theDENR.”

Another related study is Jessie Todoc’s “Decentralized Solid Waste Management In The
Philippines,” which sought to analyze the framework of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines.
The study also aimed to “formulate strategies for its replication in the country and among local
government members of the Kitakyushu Initiative Network.” The study tackled on f o u r
barangays and villages in the country, which assessed the compliance of
L o c a l Government Units to the Republic Act 9003. It further scrutinized on the budget
allotment, disposal facilities, and sanitary landfills of the LGUs.

The book entitled “The Garbage Book: Opportunities for Change” assessed the
implementation of the RA 9003 at the barangay level. It states that, “while the extent of formal
recycling through local government initiative s has been limited, informal and private
sector recycling is extensive, at all points from waste generation through to final disposal.
Scavenging forms a significant element of this activity.”

It is found out that an insignificant amount of 10% of waste is only recycled. More so, it
assessed that “community-based initiatives involve waste segregation at source, recycling, and
composting. Programs have been attempted in many barangays throughout Metro Manila—
some have succeeded, others have failed for one reason or another.

Leadership is the key factor in successful programs. In most cases, the initiative is led by
the Barangay Captain or nongovernment organization aligned with the zero waste
movement.”With the signing of RA 9003 into law, a challenge is posed for the local governments to
implement the provisions of the republic act into local laws and ordinances. Various
local governments have adopted and have implemented the RA 9003 into local ordinances, but the
challenge comes with putting right sancti ons to the violators of the law. The
assessment provided for by the different researchers suggests that despite the presence of local ordinances, there is still
much to be done.
 CHAPTER III
METHODS OF RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

The study is descriptive in nature. The study dealt on the assessment of the Solid Waste
Management in BulSU-SC on the framework of the Republic Act 9003 or the Solid Waste
Management Act.

The assessment is based on the school rules and regulations currently implemented by the
school. More so, the quantitative aspect of t h e s t u d y , w h i c h i s t o g a t h e r d a t a r e g a r d i n g
t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d e n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t r u l e s , dealt on the
practices of the members of the school community with regards to their waste segregation and recycling processes in
the school.

Surveys on the waste practices were done to evaluate the e n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e

r u l e s o f t h e s c h o o l a n d t h e d i f f e r e n t r e s p o n s e s t o t h e implementation
of the said policies. A total of 2500 students, 15 personnel and 4 canteens from the
present population in the school were chosen as respondents for the survey. T h e s t u d y u s e d a s u r v e y
i n s t r u m e n t ( i . e . q u e s t i o n n a i r e ) w h i c h c o m p r i s e d o f a s e t o f questions dealing on the
waste segregation and recycling practices, as well as the awareness of the about the rules and policies
implemented therein with regards to solid waste management.

The data sources of the study comprised of primary and secondary sources. The secondary
sources included copies of the Waste management Rules and Policies as of 2009 and the copy of the
RA 9003.The copies of the rules and policies gave the researcher a background through which the
status of Solid Waste Management in BulSU-SC was assessed.

The rules and policies provided for the preliminary assessment of the Solid Waste
Management of BulSU-SC. The primary source of the study included a series of surveys and
interviews among the stakeholders in the campus. The data gathered served as assessment on the
current situation of the school wherein the d a t a g a t h e r e d p r o v i d e d t h e a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d e n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e s c h o o l on the perspective of the population in the
therein.
 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

Profile of Barangay Lahug

Barangay Lahug stands as one of the active barangays in Cebu City and at the samet i m e h a s b e e n
considered as a prospect to be the “Makati of the South”, which has
a n estimated total population of 50, 000, a total household population of 40, 000, and is composedo f 4 4 s i t i o s .
The land boundaries of Barangay Lahug are: Barangay Kasambagan
a n d Barangay Apas, in the North; Barangay Camputhaw in the South; Barangay Luz, East;
andBarangay Kalunasan in the West. (see Appendix 3: Baranggay Map.)W i t h a t o t a l l a n d a r e a o f 4 4 3
h e c t a r e s , B a r a n g a y L a h u g o p e n e d a v e n u e s f o r t h e development of various
business and industrial establishments that importantly include Waterfront Hotel and
Casino, Asia Town I.T. Park, Cebu Grand Convention, Cebu City CivicTrade Center, Cebu
Parklane International Hotel, and Cebu Marco Polo Plaza Hotel. Theglobally operating
car dealers—Honda Motor and Ford—have established their offices inLahug. Included
in the important landmarks of Lahug are the University of the Philippines,University of
Southern Philippines, JY Square Mall, and the long established Beverly
Hillssubdivision.In addition, there are various religious and educational establishments in
BarangayLahug. According to the record of the barangay, there are, in fact, six (6) Day Care Centers
inthe area. Churches and temples are also conspicuous in the barangay including: St. ThereseParish
Church, Taoist Temple, Phu Sian Temple, and Heavenly Temple. (see Appendix
4:Baranggay Profile)W i t h r e g a r d t o h o w t h e b a r a n g a y m a n a g e s i t s p e o p l e a n d t h e
s o c i a l m a t t e r s t h a t concern the latter, Barangay Lahug allocated half of its annual
budget—which amounts toP13M—to general services that aides to sanitation and the
environment. Part of the barangayservices for sanitation and the environment is its Solid
Waste Management, anchored onRepublic Act 9003 and City Ordinance 1361 and 2031, which Barangay
Lahug adopted.

Baranggay Lahug’s Adoption of RA 9003 and City Ordinances

RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 gives
the LocalGovernment Units the initiative on the creation of Local
O r d i n a n c e s p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e segregation and treatment of solid wastes in the
locality. In Section 16 of the RA 9003, LGUs appropriation is thirteen million pesos, with the
general services constituting the largest chuck of this amount. Section 14 of the City
Ordinance 2031 cites the appropriation f or Solid WasteManagement plans. It
states that, “
for the initial operating expenses for the enforcement of thisordinance, the sum of five hundred
thousand pesos is hereby appropriated out of the General Funds of the Government of Cebu, not
otherwise appropriated. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary to carry out its purpose shall be
taken from the garbage fees collection of the city under its Special fund Act.”
Mrs. Capili and Councilor Taborada, however, did not specify their sources of fund for the adoption
and implementation of the ordinance in the baranggay. Mrs.Capili said that the baranggay provided
for the fund needed to procure the garbage trucks usedfor the collection within the baranggay. These
garbage trucks operate daily to collect the wasteof the baranggay. Councilor Taborada, moreover, said that the
maintenance of these trucks costmuch and consumes a big portion of the budget.
Volume and Characterization of Waste
Section 4 of the City Ordinance 2031 provided for the Waste Classification o f all
solidw a s t e s g e n e r a t e d i n t h e l o c a l e . I t c l a s s i f i e d s o l i d w a s t e s i n t o
f i v e m a j o r g r o u p s : ( a ) biodegradable/compostable wastes; (b) non -biodegradable
wastes; (c) reusable/recyclablewastes; (d) hazardous or special wastes; and (e) bulky
wastes and white goods. Councilor Taborada said the collection of waste in the
baranggay is classified only into three groups. These are (a) the biodegradables, (b) the non-
biodegradables, and (c) the special wastes or toxic wastes. He further added that these special wastes
would be treated differently from theother two variants and will be collected by the city for special treatment.As to
the volume of wastes collected by the baranggay, Councilor Taborada said thatLahug have three
garbage trucks available for garbage collection, all funded by the baranggay.He said that each truck
could collect approximately 1.1 tons of garbage per operation. Eachtruck operates twice a day,
everyday, covering most of the sites in the near road, and in casesof sitios, trucks collect the
garbage depending on the schedule. With the number of trucks available for collection every
day, Baranggay Lahug collects an approximate 6.6 tons of wasteeveryday. Engineer Roger Legaspi of
Department of Public Services confirms this claim as theycollect waste from Lahug with the volume of six (6)
to eight (8) tons per day. Baranggay Lahughave no dumpsite, so all the waste collected in the
baranggay will be turned over to the citylevel. Engineer Legaspi said that the collection from Lahug came
from upper and lower Lahug.

Collection and Transfer of Wastes

Article 3 of the RA 9003 defines the Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes. It sets therequirement for the
collection and transport of solid wastes, and the guidelines for transfer s tations.
Section 7.1 of the City Ordinance 2031 states that the local baranggay unit “
takescharge of the collection of the collection of reusable/recyclable and
biodegradable/compostablewastes in their respective baranggay while the City Government takes care
of the collection of non-biodegradable wastes, bulky wastes, and other wastes in consonance with RA
9003.
” Mrs.Emper Capili said that the sources of waste collected by the baranggay comes primarily
fromthe households. They also collect solid wastes from the industries and establishments presentin
the area. On the other hand, Councilor Taborada said that household wastes are collectedevery day,
but the City Government collects wastes from the establishments. Engineer Roger Legaspi confirms
Councilor Taborada’s claim that the City Government collects the solid wastesfrom the industries. These
establishments include JY Square, City Lights, Red Carpet and thevillages in the baranggay.As to the
schedule of waste collection, Councilor Taborada said that the garbagecollection happens
every day. Three garbage trucks are available for the collection of wastesevery day. These trucks
operate twice a day. Cebu City Ordinance 1361 creates a system of garbage collection, which
serves as basis as to the collection of garbage in the baranggay.Article 4 of City Ordinance
1361 states that “each homeowner, tenant, manager or person-in-charge of any building or any room
or space therein shall provide a receptacle in which he shalldeposit or cause to be deposited all such
garbage, rubbish, trash or waste materials and whichreceptacle shall be maintained in sanitary
condition at all times by him or his representative andp l a c e d i n s u c h a l o c a t i o n t h a t i s
e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e b u t n o t o b t r u s i v e t o t h e p e d e s t r i a n s . ” Furthermore, City
Ordinance 1361 states that the collection of garbage shall depend on the schedule prepared
and promulgated by the Department of Public Services. Engineer Legaspi of DPS said that they collect garbage
from the baranggay daily. Councilor Taborada said that thebaranggay trucks operate collection of solid wastes
daily, and collects twice per day.Councilor Taborada and Mrs. Capili said that the collected wastes from the
householdswould be turned over to the city government for dumping. Baranggay Lahug has no
landfill anddumpsite available for the waste collected within the baranggay. Department of Public
Servicescollect these wastes and dump it to Inayawan.Section 21 and 22 of the RA 9003 provides for
the means of collection of the Solid Wastes. It states that:
16
|

Section 21. Mandatory Segregation of Solid Wastes - The LGUs shall evaluatealternative roles for the
public and private sectors in providing collection services,type of collection system, or combination of
systems, that best meet their needs:Provided, That segregation of wastes shall primarily be conducted
at the source,t o i n c l u d e h o u s e h o l d , i n s t i t u t i o n a l , i n d u s t r i a l , c o m m e r c i a l a n d
a g r i c u l t u r a l sources: Provided, further; That wastes shall be segregated into the categories provided
in Sec. 22 of this Act.Section 22. Requirements for the Segregation and Storage of Solid Waste -
Thefollowing shall be the minimum standards and requirements for segregation and storage of solid waste
pending collection:(a) There shall be a separate container for each type of waste from all
sources:P r o v i d e d , T h a t i n t h e c a s e o f b u l k y w a s t e , i t w i l l s u f f i c e t h a t t h e s a m e
b e collected and placed in a separate designated area; and (b) The solid waste container depending on its use
shall be properly marked or identified for on-site collection as "compostable", "non-recyclable", "recyclable" or
"special waste", or any other classification as may be determined by
t h e Commission.
In the City Ordinance Level, Section 6.1 states for the provision on “No Segregation, NoCollection.”
It states that “
segregation of wastes must be observed since unsorted wastes shall n o t b e c o l l e c t e d a t a l l .
” C o u n c i l o r T a b o r a d a s a i d t h a t t h i s h a s b e e n i m p l e m e n t e d i n t h e baranggay.
The garbage truck of baranggay Lahug collects solid waste twice per day, one round for
the biodegradable, and another round for the non-biodegradable. He further said thatthe constituents,
especially in the sitios, has been informed of this policy through the conduct of pulong-pulong or
meetings in the baranggay. The only means in collecting garbage in thebaranggay are the
three garbage trucks provided for the baranggay. Councilor Taborada saidthat Lahug initiated for the
purchase of these trucks and did not rely on the City Government for the procurement of such facility.
There are no other facilities for garbage collection, aside fromthe truck and from small scale garbage
collectors.

Waste Segregation Practices in the Households

Fifty-two of the 100 household respondents (52 out of 100) interviewed practice wastesegregation in
their households. They segregate plastics, bottles, papers, cans and peelings of fruits and vegetables.
Their primary motivation for segregation was the incentive they could get
17
|
from segregating their wastes (i.e. they can earn money from things that they
segregate).F u r t h e r , t h e y c a n r e u s e s o m e o f t h e w a s t e m a t e r i a l s ( e . g . c a n s a n d
p l a s t i c s ) a s s t o r a g e containers at home. Plastics were the common waste that were segregated
followed by cans,bottles, papers, and vegetable and fruit peelings. The residents of Barangay Lahug
practicedwaste segregation because they can benefit from it especially from the additional income
thatthey get from segregating their wastes.On the side of the barangay, they implemented fines for residents who did not
engage inwaste segregation. However, despite the presence of the policy, some
households do notsegregate their wastes and dump their garbage in sacks and damaged
pails. Before, thebarangay was strict in implementing the No Segregation, No Collection policy but
because of the continuing waste segregation malpractice of some residents, the policy was not
sustained.The barangay has no choice but to collect the un-segregated garbage since leaving the garbagein the street
would create a problem of sanitation and the unatten ded waste would produceawful
smell. At present, the garbage collectors are the ones in-charge of segregating the wastethey collected in
the barangay.As to the knowledge of the respondents on the presence of ordinances, a significant 48of
100 said that they are aware that there are ordinances pertaining to the segregation of
wastes at home. The answers as to the awareness of these ordinances vary from sanctionssuch as
penalties and community work. Some of these respondents also said that they are aware
that the baranggay has been implementing a waste segregation policy that is why theypractice the
segregation of wastes.

Materials Recovery Facility

Section 32 of the RA 9003 provides for the establishment of Materials Recovery Facilityor MRF in
LGUs. It states that “
there shall be established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) inevery barangay or cluster of barangays. The
facility shall be established in a barangay-owned or -leased land or any suitable open space to
be determined by the barangay through itsSanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay
or cluster of barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF. The MRF shall
receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation,composting, and recycling. The resulting
residual wastes shall be transferred to a long termstorage or disposal facility or sanitary
landfill.
” However, despite the city’s adoption of the RA9003 through the City Ordinance 2031, the
ordinance is silent about the creation of MRF.Baranggay Lahug, however, i nitiated for
the creation of MRF in the baranggay. Councilor Taborada said that the baranggay has sent a
proposal to the city government for the creation of
18

a Materials Recovery Facility in the locality. However, this claim cannot be verified since
theresearchers were not able to secure a copy of the proposal.
Recycling and Source Reduction Practices
Barangay Lahug engages in recycling practices through their barangay cooperatives.Members
of the cooperatives make use of the plastic bottles, plastic bags and tetra packs asv a s e s
and bags. It is part of their livelihood program and also with the
e n v i r o n m e n t a n d sanitation committee. However, according to Barangay
Councilor Taborada, Chairman of Environment and Sanitation Committee, the
cooperative’s recycling practice does not have agreat impact on waste management in the
barangay because only a small portion of the wasteswere used. Some of these bottles and plastics
were personally sold by the residents and, andthey do not usually turn over those recyclable
materials to the barangay cooperative.Although the barangay seeks cooperation with
private entrepreneurs to help them in buying recyclable materials from the residents,
the cooperation did not succeed. It is becausethe buyers offer less price to the recyclable
wastes compared to those people who push cartsfor garbage. The project did not last long.
Also, there were no NGOs who are interested to helpthe barangay in managing their
solid waste unlike in Barangay Luz who has CPAG to assist them in developing their
barangay.The barangay does not give incentives to those who have the most recyclable
materialsbeing kept because according to Councilor Taborada and Ms. Capili, the
barangay wanted thecitizen to act according to their responsibility as a citizen of the
barangay and act according totheir own free will. The barangay would not tolerate people who acted
only for their own benefitsand see government work as a business or enterprise.In addition,
providing incentives was not adopted in encouraging waste
segregation,r e c y c l i n g g a r b a g e a n d m o s t o f a l l i n w a s t e o r s o u r c e
r e d u c t i o n . A c c o r d i n g t o C o u n c i l o r Taborada, the barangay or the committee
itself does not initiate source reduction. According tohim, they cannot control the
amount of waste produced by the househ olds. They would notencourage
incentives because it would mean that the citizens do not act according to
their responsibility. They do not have the pleasure to encourage such project
that would lead topeople’s participation through incentives. Section 21. Mandatory
Segregation of Solid Wastes - The LGUs shall evaluatealternative roles for the public and
private sectors in providing collection services,type of collection system, or combination
of systems, that best meet their needs:Provided, That segregation of wastes shall primarily
be conducted at the source,t o i n c l u d e h o u s e h o l d , i n s t i t u t i o n a l , i n d u s t r i a l ,
c o m m e r c i a l a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l sources: Provided, further; That wastes shall be
segregated into the categories provided in Sec. 22 of this Act.Section 22. Requirements for the
Segregation and Storage of Solid Waste - Thefollowing shall be the minimum standards
and requirements for segregation and storage of solid waste pending collection:(a) There shall be
a separate container for each type of waste from all sources:P r o v i d e d , T h a t i n t h e
c a s e o f b u l k y w a s t e , i t w i l l s u f f i c e t h a t t h e s a m e b e collected and placed in a
separate designated area; and (b) The solid waste container depending on its use shall be
properly marked or identified for on-site collection as "compostable", "non-recyclable", "recyclable" or
"special waste", or any other classification as may be determined
b y t h e Commission.
In the City Ordinance Level, Section 6.1 states for the provision on “No Segregation, NoCollection.”
It states that “
segregation of wastes must be observed since unsorted wastes shall n o t b e c o l l e c t e d a t a l l .
” C o u n c i l o r T a b o r a d a s a i d t h a t t h i s h a s b e e n i m p l e m e n t e d i n t h e baranggay.
The garbage truck of baranggay Lahug collects solid waste twice per day, one round for
the biodegradable, and another round for the non-biodegradable. He further said thatthe constituents,
especially in the sitios, has been informed of this policy through the conduct of pulong-pulong or
meetings in the baranggay. The only means in collecting garbage in thebaranggay are the
three garbage trucks provided for the baranggay. Councilor Taborada saidthat Lahug initiated for the
purchase of these trucks and did not rely on the City Government for the procurement of such facility.
There are no other facilities for garbage collection, aside fromthe truck and from small scale garbage
collectors.

Waste Segregation Practices in the Households

Fifty-two of the 100 household respondents (52 out of 100) interviewed practice wastesegregation in
their households. They segregate plastics, bottles, papers, cans and peelings of fruits and vegetables.
Their primary motivation for segregation was the incentive they could get
from segregating their wastes (i.e. they can earn money from things that they
segregate).F u r t h e r , t h e y c a n r e u s e s o m e o f t h e w a s t e m a t e r i a l s ( e . g . c a n s a n d
p l a s t i c s ) a s s t o r a g e containers at home. Plastics were the common waste that were segregated
followed by cans,bottles, papers, and vegetable and fruit peelings. The residents of Barangay Lahug
practicedwaste segregation because they can benefit from it especially from the additional income
thatthey get from segregating their wastes.On the side of the barangay, they implemented fines for residents who did not
engage inwaste segregation. However, despite the presence of the policy, some
households do notsegregate their wastes and dump their garbage in sacks and damaged
pails. Before, thebarangay was strict in implementing the No Segregation, No Collection policy but
because of the continuing waste segregation malpractice of some residents, the policy was not
sustained.The barangay has no choice but to collect the un-segregated garbage since leaving the garbagein the street
would create a problem of sanitation and the unattended waste would produc eawful
smell. At present, the garbage collectors are the ones in-charge of segregating the wastethey collected in
the barangay.As to the knowledge of the respondents on the presence of ordinances, a significant 48of
100 said that they are aware that there are ordinances pertaining to the segregation of
wastes at home. The answers as to the awareness of these ordinances vary from sanctionssuch as
penalties and community work. Some of these respondents also said that they are aware
that the baranggay has been implementing a waste segregation policy that is why theypractice the
segregation of wastes.

Materials Recovery Facility

Section 32 of the RA 9003 provides for the establishment of Materials Recovery Facilityor MRF in
LGUs. It states that “
there shall be established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) inevery barangay or cluster of barangays. The
facility shall be established in a barangay-owned or -leased land or any suitable open space to
be determined by the barangay through itsSanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay
or cluster of barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF. The MRF shall
receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation,composting, and recycling. The resulting
residual wastes shall be transferred to a lon g termstorage or disposal facility or sanitary
landfill.
” However, despite the city’s adoption of the RA9003 through the City Ordinance 2031, the
ordinance is silent about the creation of MRF.Baranggay Lahug, however, initiated for
the creation of MRF in the baranggay. Councilor Taborada said that the baranggay has sent a
proposal to the city government for the creation of
a Materials Recovery Facility in the locality. However, this claim cannot be verified since
theresearchers were not able to secure a copy of the proposal.
Recycling and Source Reduction Practices
Barangay Lahug engages in recycling practices through their barangay cooperatives.Members of the
cooperatives make use of the plastic bottles, plastic bags and tetra packs asv a s e s a n d b a g s . I t i s
p a r t o f t h e i r l i v e l i h o o d p r o g r a m a n d a l s o w i t h t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a n d sanitation
committee. However, according to Barangay Councilor Taborada, Chairman of
Environment and Sanitation Committee, the cooperative’s recycling practice does not have agreat
impact on waste management in the barangay because only a small portion of the wasteswere used. Some of these
bottles and plastics were personally sold by the residents and, andthey do not usually turn over those
recyclable materials to the barangay cooperative.Although the barangay seeks cooperation with
private entrepreneurs to help them in buying recyclable materials from the residents, the
cooperation did not succeed. It is becausethe buyers offer less price to the recyclable wastes compared
to those people who push cartsfor garbage. The project did not last long. Also, there were no NGOs
who are interested to helpthe barangay in managing their solid waste unlike in Barangay
Luz who has CPAG to assistthem in developing their barangay.The barangay does not give incentives
to those who have the most recyclable materialsbeing kept because according to Councilor Taborada
and Ms. Capili, the barangay wanted thecitizen to act according to their responsibility as a citizen of
the barangay and act according totheir own free will. The barangay would not tolerate people who acted only for
their own benefitsand see government work as a business or enterprise.In addition, providing incentives
was not adopted in encouraging waste segregation, r e c y c l i n g g a r b a g e a n d m o s t o f
a l l i n w a s t e o r s o u r c e r e d u c t i o n . A c c o r d i n g t o C o u n c i l o r Taborada, the barangay
or the committee itself does not initiate source reduction. According tohim, they cannot control
the amount of waste produced by the households. They would notencourage incentive s
because it would mean that the citizens do not act according to their responsibility.
They do not have the pleasure to encourage such project that would lead to people’s
participation through incentives.

Republic Act was successfully materialized through the implementation of City Ordinance 2031( A n
Ordinance for the Implementation of Solid Waste Segregation at Source,
P r o v i d i n g Penalties for Violations Thereof, and the Creation of a Special Fund for Incentives) and
CityOrdinance 1361. Ordinance 2031 was adopted by Barangay Lahug so as to facilitate its
wastecollection system. The assessment and evaluation on the effectiveness of the implementation of R.A. 9003
through its operationalization in Barangay Lahug can be determined through
thebarangay’s fulfillment of the necessary provisions stipulated in R.A. 9003 and in city
ordinances2031 and 1361.
Implementation in Barangay Level
In terms of fulfilling its role on the solid waste management plan as provided in
R.A.9003 and Ordinance 2031, Barangay Lahug was able to follow this provision in the law. In
aninterview done by the researchers, Councilor Taborada confirmed that the barangay collectsand
segregates the waste generated from the households while the city government
(e.g.Department of Public Services) is in charge with the collection of solid waste generated by
thei n d u s t r i e s a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e b a r a n g a y . T h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a
multi-purposeenvironmental cooperative was also carried out in the
b a r a n g a y . T h e c o o p e r a t i v e w a s established to facilitate in the recycling process of
recyclable and reusable waste that the barangay collected.Waste classification and characterization
is carried out by the barangay given that thebarangay segregates the solid wastes and classify them as
biodegradable, non-biodegradable,o r s p e c i a l w a s t e . T h i s i s i n c o n c u r r e n c e
w i t h t h e d e f i n e d w a s t e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d characterization provided in R.A.
9003 and Ordinance 2031. Schedule of waste collection inBarangay Lahug is everyday but may vary
in other areas. This was confirmed by Engr. Roger Legaspi of the Department of Public Services
(DPS). The waste collection of DPS was dailyusing 2 garbage trucks used for both lower and
upper Lahug. For the barangay, 3 garbage trucks are used in solid waste collection. However,
Engr. Legaspi mentioned that there was nocoordination between the barangay and DPS as to the
schedule and assigned collection pointsof solid waste in the barangay.Waste segregation is strictly
implemented and observed in the barangay. The barangayfollows the No Segregation, No Collection policy
provided in Ordinance 2031 which is supportedby R.A. 9003. The barangay does not collect the waste if not segregated
beforehand. Fines andpenalties were collected so as to ensure compliance to the law. However, this
practice was notsustained since residents started to leave their waste un-segregated and the task to
segregate

was passed to the garbage collectors during collection. The schedule of collection is
alsoproperly coordinated with waste segregation given that the baranga y allocates a
separates c h e d u l e o f c o l l e c t i o n f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t w a s t e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
( i . e . b i o d e g r a d a b l e , n o n - biodegradable, and special waste). In cases that
t h e w a s t e s c o l l e c t e d a r e n o t p r o p e r l y segregated, the garbage collectors do the segregation of the
wastes.Reduction and recycling of waste are less practiced and observed in the barangay sincet h e r e
are no source reduction and incentives for source reduction. There were also
n o incentives given for recycling of waste. In terms of public education and
dissemination, thebarangay conducts meeting in the different sitios to encourage people to segregate their
waste.Moreover, the proposal for the establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF) in theb a r a n g a y d e n o t e s a p o s i t i v e e f f o r t o f t h e b a r a n g a y t o i m p l e m e n t
s o u r c e r e d u c t i o n a n d encourage recycling in Barangay Lahug.
Evaluation and Assessment of Solid Waste Management Plan
Based on RA 9003, the issue on solid waste management in Barangay Lahug has beenaddressed.
The barangay adopted the law and the City Ordinance 1361 and 2031 but the problem is
the lack of the barangay’s implementation and sustainability of the said laws. Theylack follow up and
education of their constituents and fail to make the residents follow the lawfor proper waste
management.U s i n g t h e I S W M ( I n t e g r a t e d S o l i d W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t ) f r a m e w o r k ,
a m o n g t h e stakeholders—the constituents and the barangay itself—the barangay was the only one to havecomplied
with the provisions of the RA 9003 and City Ordinance 2031. However, the barangayf a i l e d t o
sustainably implement the said laws for it failed to gain the cooperation of
i t s constituents. There may be those who practice waste segregation but not for the reason thatthey
follow what the law said but because they can gain from through personal income. Hence,the citizens’
motivation for segregating and recycling their waste is driven more on personalbenefit.Moreover, the
barangay’s refusal to give incentives to those who practice recycling andwaste segregation is also the
reason why people fail to cooperate with the barangay’s program.The residents’ lack of
encouragement and the government’s refusal to have concessions through incentives
contributed to the drawbacks of the proper implementation of the solid wastemanagement in Lahug.
Yet, the barangay blames the residents’ laziness to the failure of theproject whit o w a r d s t h e
policy is due to the barangay’s lack of effort to encourage the residents
t o cooperate and give proper justification to the goal and consequences of the program.ch was very biased on their
part. They fail to take into account that residents’ attitude
 Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION

Based on the analysis and results yielded in this study, the researchers conclude thatcooperation
between the barangay and the constituents plays a vital role in the success of s o c i a l
programs implemented by local government units, as in the case of solid
w a s t e management.S u s t a i n a b i l i t y o f t h e p r o g r a m ( i . e . s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t
p l a n ) i s i m p o r t a n t i n assessing the success of the implementation of the policy. In the case of Barangay Lahug,
solidwaste management was initially successful. However, the debasing level of
cooperationbetween the barangay and the constituents created a problematic situation in the
sustainabilityof the solid waste management plan and the implementation of the R.A. 9003 and some
CityOrdinances which anchored Barangay Lahug’s solid waste management strategy. Nonetheless,t h e
researchers recognize and commend the barangay council’s effort in
e x e c u t i n g t h e guidelines and provisions stipulated in R.A. 9003 and the city
ordinances (2031 & 1361)e s p e c i a l l y i n t e r m s o f w a s t e c o l l e c t i o n a n d
s e g r e g a t i o n . I n t e r m s o f w a s t e r e d u c t i o n a n d encouragement of recycling practices, the
barangay needs to improve in these key areas. Thebarangay could enhance its education and
information campaign on the benefits of reducingand recycling wastes while providing greater avenue
for the people to participate and contributeto the maintenance of environmental sanitation in the
barangay.Moreover, the researchers also conclude that as stakeholders, the barangay and
itsconstituents should take into account that both have responsibilities to carry out. After all,
theproblem of solid waste management is an important issue that needs authorities need
toaddress with the cooperation of the citizens so as to ensure protection of public
health andenvironment.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the facts and information gathered by the researchers about the
BarangayL a h u g ’ s s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t i n a c c o r d a n c e t o R A 9 0 0 3 a n d c i t y
ordinances 1361(Garbage Collection) and 2031 (Implementation of Solid
S e g r e g a t i o n a t S o u r c e ) , t h e researchers would like to recommend further studies about the
topic, deepening on the analysisof the development and performance of the barangay in terms of its
implementation of its solidwaste management plan. In addition, the researchers recommend a further
study on the wastesegregation and recycling practices of the major industries and
establishments in Barangay
Lahug to determine and assess their solid waste management plan juxtapose the ordinances2031 and
1361 and R.A. 9003.Furthermore, the researchers recommend a study on the impacts and sustainability of
the solid waste management practiced by the barangay to evaluate the
f e a s i b i l i t y a n d maintenance of the existing solid waste management strategy employed by the
barangay. Theresearchers also recommend the inclusion of the city in the study concerning their
practices inwaste segregation and collection. In addition, the study will be conducted to
know if theyimplemented their solid waste management plan and sustained the presence
of the plantogether with its success or development. In this way, comparison on the implementation
andachievement of the city and the barangay about the solid waste management plan could deepenthe assessment.
 REFERENCES

Books

Almond, Gabriel and Bingham, Powell Jr. (1980).Comparative Politics Today : A World View.2nd
Ed. United States of America: Little Brown and Company.

Internet Sources

Ordinance 1361 R e t r i e v e d A u g u s t 1 4 , 2 0 1 2
f r o m http://www.globenet.org.preceup/pages/ang/chapitre/capitali/cas/phimana_e.htm Allen, Nicholas
and Westfall, Matthew (2004).
Opportunities for Change. The Garbage Book: Solid Waste Management in Metro Manila, 76-85 .
R e t r i e v e d S e p t e m b e r 1 6 , 2010 from http://www.adb.org/documents/books/garbage-
book/chap7.pdf Arellano Foundation.
R e p u b l i c A c t 9 0 0 3 : T h e L a w P h i l P r o j e c t . P h i l i p p i n e L a w s a n d Jurisprudence
Databank R e t r i e v e d S e p t e m b e r 1 5 , 2 0 1 2
f r o m http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9003_2001.htmlLago, Richie Grace M.
(2009).
Solid Waste Management Needs of a Suburban Community. Liceo Journal of Higher Education
Research, 6(1). Retrieved September 16, 2010 from
http://69.174.53.45/index.php?journal=LJHER&page=article&op=view&path[]=599
Maryland Department of the Environment.
Source Reduction. Retrieved September 16, 2010fromhtpQuina, Francis Paolo M. Wasting Away: The
Challenges of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines.
The UP Forum. Retrieved September14, 2 0 1 2 f r o m
http://www.up.edu.ph/upforum/php?i=199&archive=yes&yr=2008&mn=7 Streegan, William H.O.
Compliance by Bacolod City of RA 9003 .Negros Daily Bulletin.Retrieved September 15, 2012
fromhttp://www.ndb-online.com/dec0308c2Todoc, Jessie.
D e c e n t r a l i z e d S o l i d W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s . IGES Enviroscope.
RetrievedSeptember15, 2012 fromhttp://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?docid=2529
World Bank.
Integrated Sustainable Waste Management . Retrieved September 16, 2010 from
http://www.worldbank.org/urban/solid_wm/erm/...Annex%204B.3.pdf

APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Cebu City Ordinance 2031Appendix 2. Cebu City Ordinance 1361Appendix 3.

Baranggay Lahug MapAppendix 4. Baranggay Profile – Baranggay Lahug
ORDINANCE NO. 1361
AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM OF GARBAGE COLLECTION, IMPOSING
FEES THEREFORE, ANDEXPROPRIATING FUNDS AND FOR OTHER RELATED PURPOSES.TITLE I -
POLICYArticle 1. It is the policy of the government of the City of Cebu to promote and preserve the
good health of its constituentsso that all effects of the citizens and of the government should be
harnessed and directed towards the full realization andimplementation of such policy.Article 2. The
citizens shall have the primary responsibility of achieving and maintaining cleanliness
in their places of abode or work while the government shall suffer the ultimate responsibility of
establishing and maintaining an orderly andmodern program for the collection and disposal of
garbage, rubbish, swill, trash and other forms of waste and waste materials.TITLE -
RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTSArticle 3. It is the moral duty of each and every owner and/or tenant
of any unenclosed residential building to clean thearea of five meters from the nearest wall of the
building of any dead animals and rodents, broken or empty bottles, glassor porcelain, used or
empty cans canisters,cigars, cigarettes or butts, cut grass, waste, or used paper, fruit
peelings,plastic or plastic materials, rubber, rags, fallen leaves, twigs or branches of trees, swill and
all forms of garbage, rubbish,trash or waste materials. With respect to residential buildings enclosed
with walls or fence, the five meter distance shall bemeasured from the nearest wall or fence.Article 4.
In the case of commercial or industrial buildings, the responsibility mentioned in the next preceding
article shallbe borne by the manager or person-in-charge of the entity occupying the building or space
there-in and the owners of thebuildings, jointly. If juridical entities, the manager or person-in-charge
thereof shall be held responsible.Article 5. Each homeowner, tenant, manager or person -in-
charge of any building or any room or space therein shall provide a receptacle in which he
shall deposit or cause to be deposited all such garbage, rubbish, trash or waste materialsand which
receptacle shall be maintained in sanitary condition at all times by him or his representative and
placed in sucha location that is easily accessible but not obtrusive to the pedestrians.Article 6. It is
the responsibility of the homeowner, tenant, manager or person -in-charge to coordinate
with the publicservices manager so that the garbage shall be regularly collected and properly
disposed.Article 7. All pedestrians shall also be held responsible for the maintenance of the
cleanliness and orderliness sought tobe achieved under this title.TITLE III - PROHIBITIONSArticle 8. It
is unlawful for any person to spit, urinate or defecate on alley, street, sidewalks, pathway, park, plaza,
or anyother public places, or in the case of urinating or spitting on the walls and corridors of
buildings.Article 9. It is unlawful to throw or deposit any garbage, rubbish, trash, or waste materials in
any vacant lot, park, plaza,alley, sidewalk, street gutter, yard or other public places such as but not
limited to river banks.Article 10. It is unlawful for any person, or group of persons, gave in any cases
allowed by law or unless a prior authorityhas been granted by the Mayor for reasons of public order or
the promotion of public health, to post or cause to be pastedany handbill or poster of any size or
material of public buildings. This prohibition covers the act of strewing handbills or posters on the
streets, sidewalks, pathways, plazas or public places.Article 11. It is unlawful for any person to pour
out, scatter or spill any garbage, rubbish, trash, or waste materials from thereceptacleArticle 12. It is
unlawful for anyone to use any animal- drawn vehicle on any alley, street, sidewalk, plaza or park
unlesshe has provided his vehicle-drawn animal used thereby with a proper receptacle properly
attached to the animal or vehicleand adequate for the collection and keeping of the animal manure or
refuse.
No owner of any animal which had discharged its waste on any alley, street, sidewalk, plaza or park
shall be allowed toleave the area where the waste was discharged on without properly collecting and
disposing or causing to be collectedand disposed the said waste.TITLE - MECHANICS OF GARBAGE
COLLECTIONArticle 13. The urban barangays of the City of Cebu are hereby divided, on
the basis of the volume of garbage and populations, into the twenty-one (21) contiguous and
compact zones, namely:ZONE #1 ZONE (B) 12Barangay Bulacao Barangay San Nicolas Proper " Pardo
" Sawang Calero" Kinasang-an " Pahina San Nicolas" Quiot" Inayawan" Cogon, Pardo ZONE (B)
13Barangay Pahina CentralZONE #2 " KalubihanBarangay Basak Pardo " Kamagayan" Basak San
Nicolas" Mambaling ZONE (C) 14Barangay Sambag IZONE #3Barangay Tisa ZONE (D) 15" Punta
Princesa Barangay Sambag II includingFuente Osmena RotondaZONE #4Barangay Labangon ZONE
(E) 16" Calamba Barangay Cogon Ramos" Duljo " Sta. Cruz" San AntonioZONE #5Barangay
Guadalupe ZONE (F) 17Barangay Zapatera LibotZONE #6 " Lorega San MiguelBarangay Capitol
and part of " Day-asBarangay Guadalupe " T. Padilla ZONE #7 ZONE (G) 18Barangay Camputhaw
Barangay Tejero" TinagoZONE #8 " San Roque and part of Barangay Lahug North Reclamation
AreaZONE #9 ZONE (H) 19Barangay Apas Barangay Parian" Banilad " Central Proper " Talamban
ZONE #10 ZONE (I) 20Barangay Kasambagan Barangay Ermita" Luz " Suba" Hipodromo "
PasilZONE (J) 21ZONE #11 Carbon Market Unit - 3Barangay Mabolo" Carreta and part of North
Reclamation AreaHowever, the Department of Public Services or any other department of the
Government of the City of Cebu which mayhereafter be imposed with garbage collection duties may
make such other zoning(s) as the demands of the service mayrequire. Such additional zoning or re-
zoning shall observe the same criteria of volume of garbage and population.Article 14. In each of
these garbage zones shall be assigned at least a public services manager, a garbage truck, a driver and
crew of garbage collectors and a complement of street cleaners. The necessary equipment, implements
and toolsshall be provided these teams by the City Government.Article 15. A schedule of collection of
garbage and street cleaning for each zone shall be prepared and promulgated bythe Department of
Public Services, or any other concerned agency, in consultation with the public services manager of
each zone. The schedule shall take into consideration such factors or combination of
factors as maximum volume of collectible garbage, optimum convenience of the homeowners,
tenants, managers or person-in-charge or a majority of them, least disturbance to traffic and minimum
pollution and health hazards.Article 16. Whenever possible, strategic principal garbage
collection points may b established in the garbage zones. When established, homeowners,
tenants , managers or person-in-charge shall deposit or caused to be deposited in thesestrategic
principal garbage collection points such garbage which may no longer r be or are not
contained in their ownreceptacles.Article 17. Each homeowner, tenant, manager or
person-in-charge shall be informed regularly, by and thru the public services manager of
the names and identifications of the garbage truck delivers, collectors and complements as well asthe
schedule (or any charges) of the garbage collection in his area and the strategic principal garbage
collection pointswhenever they are established.Article 18. The teams of garbage collectors and street
cleaners, shall faithfully and religiously observe the schedule of street cleaning, of garbage collection
and disposal.