BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Dbms

BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE

TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Cse-200

Submitted by:-
ravneet singh thind

Rj1801a23

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Contents-

• Acknowledgement
• Motive and preface of term paer
• Introduction to dbms

• Bus reservation for a state

transport corporation
• Database design

• Reposed system

• Forms
• Reports
• Er-diagram

• Tables

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Acknowledgement

Through my gratitude towards my supporters yet I like to add a few hearts full for the people
who were part of this project in numerous ways. People who gave understanding support right
the project ideas were conceived.

First I want to thank to Mr Aman, Lecturer Computers, Lovely Professional University,

Phagwara for assigning this term paper & I also want to give hands full gratitude to him for her
help & guidance. I would like to thank all the faculty of Lovely School of engineering for having
faith in me & for their kind inspirations & helping me whenever asked.

Last but not least, I expand my heartiest gratefulness all people who have been directly or
indirectly involved in this project & have given me their best wishes & all help that I needed for
the completion of the term paper.

Ravneet Singh Thind

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Motive of Term Paper

Term paper assigned to me is to know more about the bus reservation using database system with
the help of er diagrams and tables and queries.

The motive behind this assignment is to bring out the objectives behind the dbms not just in
bookish language but to discuss it in a very realistic manner by examples of it. So that once we
can acknowledge about it an efficient way so we can get to know topic about it.

Preface of the Term Paper

Term paper is brought out the meaning, uses and features of bus reservation along with pictorial
presentation .

Bus reservation in dbms:-

• meaning
• queries
• tables

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Introduction to dbms

A database management system is a computer based system to manage a database, or a collection

databases or files. The essential word here is manage management implies the controlled use of a
resource, that is controlling its quality coordinating shared use, of a resource, that is, controlling
its quality, coordinating shared use and controlling access to authorized users.

A DBMS has many uses:

- it enables users to access and manipulate the database.
- it provides a building block in constructing data processing systems for applications requiring
database access – MIS or systems for accounting, production and inventory control or customer
support.
- it helps the DBA perform certain managerial duties.

The name ‘database management system’ was chosen recognizing that different names are in use
and different types of systems exist. Substantial generalization is assumed in any DBMS of
interest without using ‘generalized.’ ‘Data is preferred over ‘information’ for the various reasons
cited.

Functions of a Database Management System:

- Database Definition
- Database creation (storing data in a defined database)
- Retrieval (query and reporting)
- Update(Changing the contents of the database)
- Programming User Facilities for system development)
- Database revision and restructuring
- Database integrity control
- Performance Monitoring

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE

TRANSPORT CORPORATION
INTRODUCTION

Our project is to computerize traveling company to manage data, so that all the transactions
become fast and there should not be any error in transaction like calculation mistake, bill
generation and other things. It replaces all the paper work. It keeps records of all bills also,
giving to ensure 100% successful implementation of the computerized Bus reservation system.

Our reservation system has three modules. First module helps the customer to enquire the
availability of seats in a particular bus at particular date. Second module helps him to reserve a
ticket. Using third module he can cancel a reserved ticket.

Rutgers Transit is a passenger transportation company. They are located in Cleveland and
provide several bus lines that go to a number of destinations. The company currently has about
1,000 buses spread over 60 routes. Of these, 700 are regular, 200 are semi-luxury, and the
remaining are super deluxe buses. The seating capacities are 48, 42, and 36, respectively.
Receiving reservations in advance facilitates the planning process. For this reason, the company
is encouraging reservations of at least one week in advance by offering better prices.
As the business grew, the company faced difficulties in managing passenger reservations. The
managers decided to computerize the reservation system. For this purpose they built a database
that keeps detailed records of the buses owned, routes offered, passenger reservations, etc. They
are now in the process of building a database decision support system that will facilitate the
process of managing passenger reservations.
We present the main entity types of this database. For each entity type, we provide some of the
corresponding attributes. Use this information in order to:
(a) Build an Enhanced E-R diagram.
(b) Transform the Enhanced E-R diagram to a relational database. Identify the primary key(s)
and the foreign key(s) for each relation. Draw the relational integrality constraints.
(c) For each of the relations created, indicate its normal form. If the relation is not in the 3NF,
decompose it into 3NF relations.

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

1.Bus- The main attributes are identification number, brand name, capacity, category,
descriptions, unit cost, etc.

2. Passenger- The main attributes are identification number, name, address, e-mail, birthday,
current balance, etc.

3. Route- The main attributes are identification number, origin, destination, starting time and day
(of the week), arrival time and day, duration, price, etc.

4. Trip- The main attributes are identification number, origin, destination, starting time and day,
arrival time and day, duration, price, etc.

DATABASE DESIGN:-

Conceptual design

1.) Requirement Analysis:

What data is needed?

List of Entities:

• Bus
• Passenger
• Route

List of attributes:

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Bus:

• Bus id
• Type

o AC (or) Non-AC
o Sleeper (or) Not

1. Maximum seats
2. Number of Reserved seats
3. Cost per seat

Route information:

• Route id
• To location
• From location
• Depart date and time

Passenger information:

• Ticket number
• Name
• Mobile number
• E-mail

List of Relations:

• Reserves
• Has
• Enquires

Note the following:

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

(a) When a passenger makes a reservation, the following information is recorded: number of
seats reserved, special concession required, etc. If seats are available, seats of the passenger’s
choice are allotted. However, if seats are not available, the system provides alternatives to help
the passenger make a decision.
(b) A route consists of a number of trips. For example, the route. Cleveland-Miami consists of
the following trips: Cleveland-Cincinnati. Cincinnati-Atlanta, Atlanta-Jacksonville, Jacksonville-
Orlando, and Orlando-Miami.
(c) Passengers get a discount for reservations made at least one week in advance.
(d) Students and seniors get a 50% discount.
(e) Employees and their eligible family members may travel for free once a year for a maximum
of 3,000 miles.
(f) A passenger reserves as many seats as the number of family members that are traveling. The
system should keep detailed information about the passenger’s dependents.

Reposed system
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system
resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following features

• Ensure data accuracy.

• Records are efficiently maintained by DBMS.
• DBMS also provides security for the information.
• Any person across the world, having internet can access this service.
• Availability of seats can be enquired very easily.
• Passengers can also cancel their tickets easily.
• Minimum time needed for the various processing.
• Better Service.
• Minimum time required.
• This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the
basis of traffic demand.

Access Application Development

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

The following are some of the queries, forms, and reports one can create in order to increase the
functionality of the database:

Queries:
The following set of queries facilitates the passenger reservation process:
• List the route numbers that make a stop at the destination requested by the passenger. This
destination could be the final or an intermediate point of the route.
• List the total number of available seats for a particular route on a particular date.
• Present the earliest date on which a certain number of seats are available for a particular
destination on a particular route.
• Present the cost of travel by various bus categories (regular, semi-luxury, etc.) to a certain
destination.
• Present the cost of travel to a destination using different routes.
The following set of queries helps management identify which routes are the most profitable,
which routes do not generate enough income to cover their expenses, etc.
 Present for each route the average monthly revenues generated. Sort the information in
descending order of average revenues.

 Present for each bus the average monthly revenues generated. Sort the information in
descending order of average revenues.

 Present the average number of passengers who travel in a particular route per week.

 Present the total revenues generated per month during the last twelve months.

 The management is trying to decide whether there is a need to buy additional buses or re-
distribute the current fleet of buses on the existing routes.

 Present for each bus the percentage of capacity used on average per month.

 Present for each route the percentage of bus capacity used on average per month.

 Present for each month (or week) the total number of passengers traveling. This query
helps in identifying the busiest time periods.

 Present for each route (during the busiest month) the total number of passengers
traveling.
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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

The following queries provide information about the demographics of the passengers who have
used the service:
 Present the total number of students who have used this service.

 Present the total number of seniors who have used this service.

Forms:
• Create a user sign-in form together with a registration form for new users.
• Create the following data entry forms that are used for database administrative functions:
passengers, buses, routes, trips, reservations, etc. These forms allow the user to add,
update, and delete information about passengers, buses, routes, trips, reservations, etc.
• Create a form that allows the user to select the origin and the destination for a trip. Insert
a subform that presents the routes that pass by the selected cities. Insert command buttons
that, when clicked-on, run the queries 1.a, 1.b, …, 1.e. The information from these
queries facilitates the reservation process.
• Create a form that allows the user to browse through the information about the buses
owned by the company. For each bus, present the following: identification number, brand
name, capacity, and category. Insert a subform that presents a list of the routes run by the
selected bus. For each route, present the following: identification number, city of origin
and destination, start and arrival time and day, and the average percentage of the bus
capacity used.
• Create a form that allows the user to browse through the routes run by the company. The
form presents detailed information about each route. Insert a subform that presents a list
of the trips included on the selected route. For each trip, present the following: city of
origin and destination, start time and day, arrival time and day, price, and total number of
seats available.
• Design a logo for this database. Insert this logo in the forms created above. Pick a
background color for the forms and colors for the borders of the titles. Include the
following in the forms created: record navigation command buttons, record operations
command buttons, and form operations command buttons as needed.

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Reports:

The following set of reports helps with the financial analysis of the company:

 Create an annual summary report of the financial activities of the company. The report
should provide detailed information about the revenues generated from passenger
reservations.
 Create a monthly summary report of financial activities.
 Present average revenues generated per month/year for each bus category.
 Present average revenues generated per month/year for each route.

Use the chart wizard to plot the following:

 Total number of passengers per month during the last twelve months.
 Total number of passengers per month per bus category during the last twelve months.
 Total number of seniors who have traveled per month during the last twelve months.
 Total monthly revenues during the last twelve months.
 Annual revenues during the last five years.
 List the five most profitable routes.
 List the routes that have had the least number of passengers.
 Provide detailed information about the ten most preferable customers.

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 Welcome Screen
BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

Statistics, Graphs
Passengers Busses Routes & & Data Analysis Updates
Trips

Present Results

Exit the Database

In
the

welcome screen, the user can choose one of the five options presented. We give details about the
forms or set of forms to be included in each option; however, you are encouraged to add other
forms you find relevant. We suggest that the queries, forms, and reports already created in the
Access Application Development section be included in here.
Passengers: This part of the database keeps information about the passengers who have used the
service of this company.
Buses: This part of the database keeps information about the buses used.
Routes & Trips: Users should be able to browse this part of the database to identify the route that
best satisfies the requirements of the passengers.
Statistics, Graphs & Data Analysis: The managers browse this part of the database to identify
trends in the following: the revenues generated, total number of passengers, total number of
buses per category, etc.
Update: This form allows the user to add/delete/update the information kept in this database
about buses, passengers, routes, reservations, trips, etc.

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 BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

RID TO
Cost/seat From
Max
Max seats
BID

Route Depart
Bus has
Type

Time Date

Sleeper
AC OR NON
AC

Ticket no.
Reserve

PID

Name

PASSENGER

Moblie
14
no.

E-mail
BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

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BUS RESERVATION FOR A STATE TRANSPORT CORPORATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.google.com
• www.yahoo.com
• www.scribd.com
• www.wikipedia.com

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