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Axial Corrugated Horn Antenna with Elliptical Tapering Function

Conference Paper · April 2017

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 Axial Corrugated Horn Antenna with Elliptical
Tapering Function
* Pejman Rezaei Mahmood Karami
Ali Amn Elahi
MSc Student Associate Professor PhD Student
Electrical and Computer Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering
Faculty Faculty Faculty
Semnan University Semnan University Semnan University
Semnan, Iran, 3513119111 Semnan, Iran, 3513119111 Semnan, Iran, 3513119111
Email: Email: Email:
a.amn-e-elahi@semnan.ac.ir prezaei@semnan.ac.ir mahmoodkarami@semnan.ac.ir

Abstract— An axially corrugated horn antenna with elliptical corrugated horn antenna has been studied. Comparing
shaped taper is proposed for satellite communication performance of proposed antenna and conventional
application. The investigated tapering method is used to corrugated horn antenna to improve some characteristic
justified horizontal location of the corrugation profile which radiations, such as XP and SLL has been observed. The
improved the electrical performance of the presented study has been using Finite Integration Technique (FIT) in
antenna. The simulation results of a conventional axial CST microwave studio (MWS) software.
corrugated horn antenna with linear taper are compared to
the developed antenna. These results illustrate, cross-
polarization, side-lobe level and return loss of the investigated
antenna are improved about 16dB, 4dB and 9dB,
respectively.

Index Terms— Corrugated horn antenna, Elliptical shaped,

tapering function.

I. INTRODUCTION
In recent decades, vast development in satellite
communication is making high performance reflector
antennas more attractive. The main requirements for a Common types of grooves in the corrugated horn antenna.
corrugated (grooved) horn antenna compared to a (a) Axial corrugation, (b) Scalar corrugation, (c) Standard
conventional design as a feed of the reflector antenna are its (normal) corrugation.
low cross-polar levels (XP) and low side-lobe level (SLL)
over the entire of operational bandwidth [1]. As shown in
Fig. 1, traditional corrugated profiles such as axial
(horizontal) corrugation, scalar (vertical) corrugation and
standard (normal) corrugation are used in horn antenna
structures [2].
The electrical performance of the corrugated horn is
strictly influence by dimensions and method of the
corrugation. So the optimization approaches and tools are
widely used to design the corrugated horn antenna [3-6].
Moreover utilizing combine structure compromised of the
conventional corrugated profiles, XP of the radiation
patterns of the corrugated horn antenna are enhanced in [7]
and [8].
In this paper by using the elliptical function which is
proposed for the first time, the effect of tapering shape of
19, 20 April, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

Figure 1. Side view of conventional axially corrugated horn antenna. See Figs. 4-6. In the proposed structure, aperture diameter
is assumed to equal to the conventional structure. Antennas
II. ELLIPTICAL FUNCTION FOR TAPERING OF return losses are illustrated in Fig. 4. In most bandwidth the
CORRUGATED HORN ANTENNA elliptical tapering structures compared to conventional
Fig. 2 shows the cropped view of a conventional axial design are improved, due to enhancing grooves
corrugated horn antenna. It depends on five main performance in the antenna structure to reduce diffracted
parameters such as the corrugations (grooves) depth, rays back to the inner structure of the antenna.
corrugations tooth thickness, corrugation width, aperture In Fig. 5 antenna gain is shown; in proposed antenna
diameter and location of each corrugation on the antenna. gain slightly reduced compared to the conventional
The location of each corrugation is dependent on the structure. This due to reduction electromagnetic field
antenna tapering shape. For instance, Fig. 2 shows linear distribution on the edges of the antenna aperture.
tapering (dashed, blue). In [9] and [10] tapering corrugated Furthermore, this field distribution reduction, would lead to
horn by using the results of optimization methods is lower side-lobe levels and lower cross-polar levels.
presented. Optimization methods lead to complexity of the
design, construction and increased manufacturing cost.
In this paper, axial corrugated horn antenna with
elliptical tapering function (Fig. 3) has been designed for
10.7-12.75 GHz. The red line illustrates tapering shapes of
the horn, which is based on elliptic function. Dimensions of
three proposed antennas and conventional axial corrugated
horn antenna are listed in Table 1. For all antennas, the
diameter of the excitation circular waveguides are same and
is equal to din = 18 mm.

Figure 3. Compares return loss of proposed and conventional

axialcorrugated horn antennas.

Figure 2. Fig. 3 Side view of axially corrugated horn antenna with the
proposed aperture taper based on elliptical function.

TABLE I. DIMENSIONS OF THREE PROPOSED ANTENNAS AND

CONVENTIONAL AXIAL CORRUGATED HORN ANTENNA [MILLIMETER]. Figure 4. Compares gain of proposed and conventional axial corrugated
horn antennas.
a b d1 d2 d3 w t L Dap
Conventional - - 5.8 5.3 5.2 2.5 1 30 48
Elliptic1 35 15 5.5 5.5 8 2.5 1 35 48
Elliptic2 25 15 5.5 6 8.5 2.5 1 25 48
Elliptic3 30 15 5.5 6 7.5 2.5 1 30 48

III. SIMULATION RESULTS

For studying the proposed corrugated horn antenna with
elliptical tapering functions, simulation results for various
dimensions and a conventional axial corrugated horn
antenna in CST microwave studio software is presented.
 The 5th Iranian Conference on Engineering Electromagnetics (ICEEM 2017)

Figure 5. Compares cross-polar levels of proposed and conventional
axial corrugated horn antennas.
The decrease cross-polar levels and side-lobe levels
compared with the conventional corrugated horn antenna,
see Fig. 6.
It is important to remark that cross-polar level (XP) in
front of the corrugated horn antenna, on the axis of the
antenna structure (on the maximum of the radiation pattern
main lobe) is very low. Hence sampling the XP is not
important for this location of radiation pattern; But XP for
taper beam, an instance -10dB beamwidth is necessary.
Therefore, in Fig. 6 results of the maximum cross-polar
level for beamwidth 70o is reported.
coverage,” in Proc. Antennas and Propag. 2000 Millennium Conf.,
Apr. 9–14, 2000. pp. 0085.
[5] V. Jamnejad and A. Hoorfar, “Design of corrugated horn antennas
by evolutionary optimization techniques,” IEEE Antennas Wireless
Propag.Lett., vol. 3, pp. 276–279, 2004.
[6] G. Fedi, S. Manetti, G. Pelosi, and S. Selleri, “Profiled corrugated
circular horn analysis and synthesis via an artificial neural
network,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 49, pp. 1597–1602,
2001.
[7] G. Addamo, O. A. Peverini, R. Tascone, G. Virone, P. Cecchini,
and R. Orta, “A Ku-K dual-band compact circular corrugated horn
for satellite communications” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag.
Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1418-1421, 2009.
[8] J. Teniente, R. Gonzalo, and C. del-Rio, “Innovative high gain
corrugated horn antenna combining horizontal and vertical
corrugations,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 5, pp.
380–383, 2006.
[9] J. Teniente, R. Gonzalo, and C. del-Rio, “Low sidelobe corrugated
horn antennas for radio telescopes to maximize G/Ts,” IEEE Trans.
Antennas. Propag., vol. 59, pp. 1886–1893, 2011.
[10] P. J. B. Clarricoats, R. F. Dubrovka, and A. D. Olver, “High
performance compact corrugated horn,” IEEE Proc. Microwave
Antennas and Propag., vol. 151, pp. 519–524, 2004.

Figure 6. Compares side-lobe levels of proposed and conventional axial

corrugated horn antennas.

IV. ACKNOWLEDJMENT
This work was supported by Semnan University.

V. CONCLUSION
Three axial corrugated horn antenna in the frequency
range 10.7 - 12.75 GHz with elliptical tapering function is
proposed. The low cross-polar levels, low side-lobe levels
and low return loss have been achieved. These
characteristics of proposed antennas are less than
conventional axial corrugated horn antenna. In additional,
proposed antennas have less number of simulations than the
common type of axial corrugated horn for dimensions
optimization.

REFERENCES
[1] J. Teniente, A. Martinez, B. Larumbe, A. Ibanez, and R. Gonzalo,
“Design Guidelines of Horn Antennas That Combine Horizontal
and Vertical Corrugations for Satellite Communications,” IEEE
Tran. Antennas and Propag., vol. 63, pp. 1314-1323, 2015.
[2] J. Teniente, D. Goni, R. Gonzalo, and C. del-Rio, “Choked
Gaussian antenna: extremely low side-lobe compact antenna
design,” IEEE Antennas Wireless. Propag. Lett., vol. 1, pp. 200–
202, 2002.
[3] C. Granet, T. S. Bird, and G. L. James, “Compact low-sidelobe
corrugated horn for global-Earth coverage,” in Proc. Antennas and
Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., vol. 1, 1999, pp. 712–715.
[4] T. S. Bird, C. Granet, and G. L. James, “Lightweight compact
multi-mode corrugated horn with low side-lobes for global earth

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