INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY:

Trishanaya Cabanizas
Department of Environmental Science
College of Science
Tarlac State University
Introduction Science
o the observation, identification, description,
experimental investigation, and theoretical
explanation of natural phenomena
o rational inquiry into Nature
o any bit of scientific knowledge is a declarative
statement about the real world

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 Empirical statements
Primitive statements of direct observation
Science

Scientific theories

Fundamental principles

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 Scientific Method
What phenomenon
Science

grips you?

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Bioluminiscent bacteria

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 Science Scientific Method

Do bioluminescent bacteria thrive

in the Philippines?

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 Science Scientific Method

The Philippines is surrounded by

vast marine waters with high
biodiversity of squid/marine
organisms.

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 Science Scientific Method

Based on my background
research, they most probably exist
and an indigenous or unique
type/s may even exist

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 Science Scientific Method

o Collection of marine organisms

o Isolation of bacteria
o Antibiotic tests

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 Science Scientific Method

o Bioluminescent bacteria were

isolated
o Produce novel antibiotics
o Some are indigenous
o Discovery of new species

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 Science Scientific Method

o Publish in a journal
o Inconsequential,
o of such significance,
o or erroneous

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 Science Scientific Method

o Publish in a journal

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 Science Bioluminescence
o monitor water toxicity
o protective roles
o medical applications
o bioluminescent trees, crops, plants

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 Science The methods of science
o There is no formula
o Prior knowledge
o Overlap of problems

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 Science The value of science
o The value of science lies in its predictive power.
o Teaches us honesty, humility before facts,
tolerance, and “the habit of truth” (Bronowski,
1965); boldness and courage
o Offers us a glimpse of community where conflict
is resolved by the force of reason

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Technology Technology
o the science of the application of knowledge to
practical purposes; applied science
o a system of hardware and software which are
used in the production and distribution of goods
and services
oThe application of scientific knowledge to
practical purposes in a particular field
o a technical method of achieving a practical
purpose

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First Wave Second Wave Third Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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o Paleolithic or Stone Age

o Nomadic life style
o Sedentary life style
o Ushered in farming and agriculture

First Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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o Invention of agriculture
o The art and science of cultivating soil,
growing crops, and raising livestock.
o Dependable mode of food
production

First Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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First Wave oAgrarian societies and fishing villages

o Banaue rice terraces

Toffler’s waves of technology

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o Industrial revolution
o extensive use of machines and
energy
o Manufacturing – mass production,
assembly line
o Education – engineering
o Cars, planes, televisions, steel mills, oil
powered electric generators
Second Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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Second Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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o More direct and immediate

applications of discoveries
o knowledge-driven technology
o manipulating materials down to the
level of individual atoms and
molecules

Third Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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oan era of widespread use of computing,

telecommunications, and control
Third Wave

Toffler’s waves of technology

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o It would be wrong to think that these technology waves

are non-overlapping and have sharp delineations

Toffler’s waves of technology

 Impact of technology on our
society
Technology
o Resources were transformed
o Improve the quality of life
o Tasks were completed with greater accuracy
o Agriculture has become highly mechanized
o Learning is facilitated
o Discovery of new diseases and cures
o Gave birth to new needs

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 Impact of technology on our
society
Technology
The world during the 19th Century

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 Impact of technology on our
society
Technology
The world during the 19th Century

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 Impact of technology on our
society
Technology
The world during the 19th Century

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Society Society
o grouping of individuals, which is characterized by
common interest and may have distinctive culture
and institutions
omay refer to a particular ethnic group to a nation
state, or to a broader cultural group
oour immediate everyday reality (Collins and
Makowsky, 1993)

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 The wealth and power of
nations
Society
o wealth is predominantly generated in
manufacturing
o positive feedback mechanism

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Society The Philippine society
o systemic weakness
o scientific and technological backwardness
o dependence on foreign technologies and capital
o subordination to foreign dominance, exploitation, and
control

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Society The Philippine society
The Philippines, once at par with other countries in
Southeast Asia and East Asia in scientific and
technological development, now lags behind most
of its neighbors.

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Society The Philippine society
W H Y??
o inadequate government support
o lack of an effective economic demand for local
innovations

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Society The Philippine society
LEAPFROGGING THE TECHNOLOGICAL GAP
Liberate the country from dependence and
backwardness by importing selected high
technologies in order to acquire adaptive,
replicative, and innovative mastery of these
advanced technologies.

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 Local industrial technology
The Jeepney
Society
o developed as a staff car
for use in the war
o fills an essential
transportation need
o made from imported
diesel engines,
transmission systems and
drive shafts, imported or
locally fabricated vehicle
frames (chassis), and steel
sheets
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 Local industrial technology
The Jeepney
Society

o cheap
o unique
o technological dead-end

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 Local industrial technology
The tricycle
Society

o starts with an ordinary

motorcycle

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 Local industrial technology
The tricycle
Society

o highly polluting
o highly unsafe

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REFERENCES
o Garcia, J. J. (2011). Science and the scientific method. In M.A.C. Cuyegkeng
(ed.), Stellar origins, human ways: Readings in science, technology, and
society. Loyola Heights, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press
o Garcia, J. J. (2011). Technology, Society, and National Development. In M.A.C.
Cuyegkeng (ed.), Stellar origins, human ways: Readings in science,
technology, and society. Loyola Heights, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila
University Press
o Posadas, R. (1985). Leapfrogging the scientific and technological gap: An
alternative national strategy for mastering the future. Kasarinlan, 1(3).
o Posadas, R. (2009). Scientific and technological capabilities and economic
catch-up. Philippine Management Review, 16, 131-153.
o Weatherall, D., Greenwood, B., Heng, L.C., & Wasi, P. (2006). In D.T. Jamison,
J.G. Breaman, and A.R. Measham (eds.), Disease control priorities in
developing countries (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press

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