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Reference (s) :
1. Jeremy Bernstein, Paul M.Fishbane, Stephen Gasiorowicz, “Modern Physics”, Pearson Education, 2009.
2 S.Kalainathan, A.Ruban kumar, “Physics for Engineers”, RBA publications, Chennai.
3 Dr.A.Arumugham, “Engineering Physics”, Anuradha Agencies, Chennai, 2005.
UNIT-I LASER TECHNOLOGY
S.NO QUESTIONS CO’S MARKS
c Explain the modes of vibrations of CO2 molecules. Describe the construction and CO1 12
working of CO2 laser with necessary energy level diagrams.
2.a Write down the condition for achieving laser action. CO1 2
CONDITION FOR ACHIEVING LASER ACTION:
1. Population inversion should be achieved.
2. Stimulated emission should be predominant over spontaneous emission.
b Explain laser endoscopy with neat diagram. CO2 6
c In detail explain the principle construction and working of a Nd:YAG laser with a CO1 12
neat energy level diagram.
3.a Calculate the wavelength of radiation emitted by an LED made up of a CO1 2
semiconducting material with band gap energy 2.8 eV.
b Distinguish between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission. CO1 6
c Explain the construction and reconstruction of hologram with necessary diagrams and CO2 12
also mention its applications.
APPLICATIONS:
1.It is one of the best method to store data.
2. It is used to produce photographic masks.
3. It is used in the identification of finger prints.
4.a What is the role played by Nitrogen and Helium in CO2 laser? CO2 4
b What are the types of lasers based on the active medium with examples? CO1 4
1.Gas laser. 2.Chemical lasers. 3.Dye laser. 4.Metal-vapour laser.
5.Solid-state laser. 6.Semiconductor laser.
c Discuss the construction and working of a homo junction semiconductor diode laser. CO1 12
HOMO JUNCTION SEMICONDUCTOR:
If a p-n junction is formed in a single crystalline material,then it is called as homo
junction material.eg:Single crystal of gallium arsenide.
5.a Can two level system is possible for the production of laser? Justify your answer. CO1 2
ANSWER:
No.Two level system is not possible for the production of laser.Because the two level
system cannot achieve the population inversion which is most important for
achieving laser action.
b Explain the engineering applications of laser with necessary diagrams. CO2 8
c State and explain the spontaneous emission and stimulated emission processes in CO1 10
laser. Hence derive an expression for Einstein’s coefficients.
6.a Why do we call laser as Non-material knife? CO2 2
ANSWER:
Laser can cut things like a knife. But a laser is light and it has no substance. Hence it
is referred to as a non material knife.
b Distinguish between ordinary light and laser light. CO1 4
TEMPORAL COHERENCE:
It entails the phase correlation of waves at a given point in space at two different
instances of time,it is the measure of the average correlation between the value of a
wave and itself delayed by a certain period of time depicting the characteristics of
how well a wave can create an interference with itself.The delay on which the
correlation effect is emphatically low is denoted by the degree of Tc(coherence
time).
SPATIAL COHERENCE:
It is a concept of wave disturbance describing the correlation between periodic
transmitted energy from one point to another , it can also be said that it is a mutual
interdependence or connection of variable wave quantities of two different points in a
given instant of time,the coherence is presented as a function of distance and mapped
as correlation against an absolute distance between points.while spatial coherence is
concerned with the phase correlation of waves in different observation points.
d What is meant by population inversion and pumping? Explain the different types of CO1 8
pumping mechanisms.
UNIT-II FIBER OPTICS AND SENSORS
1.a What are the advantages of an optical fiber communication system over the CO4 4
conventional ones?
ADVANTAGES:
1. Silica is very much cheaper than copper.
.2. Optical fiber can be handled more easily because of their light weight, smaller
in size and flexibility.
3. Tapping (overhear secrets) of information is impossible in fiber optic systems.
4. The loss of intensity of energy is less in optical fiber cables.
b What is splicing? Mention the different types of splicing techniques used in fibers CO4 4
SPLICING:
It is often required to join two optical fibers together.The method and technique for
connecting the fibers depends on whether a permanent joint is required or easily
disconnected joint is required.The permanent bonding technique is called splicing.
TYPES OF SPLICING:
1.Fusion splicing:It is an act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end using heat.
2.Mechanical splicing:It is a junction of two or more optical fibers that are aligned
and held in a place by a self contained assembly.
c Classify the optical fibres on the basis of materials, modes and refractive index CO3 12
profile.
2.a Write down the conditions for total internal reflection. CO3 2
CONDITIONS FOR TOTAL INTERRNAL REFLECTION:
1.Light should be travel from the denser medium to the rarer medium.
2.The angle of incidence on core should be greater than the critical angle.
b Write a short note on PIN photo detector. CO4 4
c Explain the construction and working of Scanning Electron microscope with neat CO7 12
diagram.
3.a Mention the properties of matter waves. CO7 4
PROPERTIES OF MATTER WAVES:
1.
b Derive various de-Broglie wavelength expressions interms of energy, voltage and CO7 6
temperature.
c Explain the stellar energy associated with nuclear fusion process. CO8 10
4.a What is nuclear density? CO8 2
b Illustrate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle by considering the electron diffraction CO7 6
through a single slit experiment.
c Derive the energy Eigen values and Eigen functions for a particle in one dimensional CO7 12
potential well.
5.a Find the least energy of an electron moving in one dimension in an infinitely high CO7 2
potential box of width 0.1 nm.
b Write a short note on the classification of nuclei CO8 6
c Derive the expression for time dependent and time independent Schrodinger CO7 12
equation.
UNIT-V- ACOUSTICS
S.NO QUESTIONS CO’S MARKS
b
Discuss the following factors affecting the acoustics of building with their remedies. CO10 12
i) resonance ii) loudness iii) reverberation time
iv) echo and echelon effect v) focusing effect
What are acoustic materials? Give examples for sound absorbing acoustic materials. CO10 4
ACOUSTIC MATERIALS:
2.a Acoustic material is a material which is designed to control, direct and manipulate
sound waves as these might occur in gases, liquids and solids.
Eg: Wood, Carpets, Fibers, Windows and doors, Curtains, Glasses, etc.
A hall has a volume of 1,20,000 m3. It has a reverberation time of 1.5 seconds. What CO10 4
B is the average absorbing power of the surface if the total absorbing surface area is
25,000 m2.
C )What is reverberation time? Arrive at the expressions for growth and decay rates CO9 12
of sound and hence deduce the Sabine’s reverberation time expression.
A hall has a volume of 1200 m3. Its total absorption is equivalent to 480 sq.m of open CO10 4
3.a window. What will be the effect on the reverberation time if audience fills the hall
and thereby increases the absorption by another 480 sq.m of open window
What is meant by noise? Explain the different types of noises CO10 6
NOISE:
b
c Define absorption co-efficient. Deduce an expression for the sound absorption co- CO9 10
efficient ‘am’ for unknown sound absorbing sample having surface area ‘sm’.
4.a The intensity of sound produced by thunder is 0.1wb/m2, calculate the intensity level CO9 2
in decibel
Distinguish between noise and music. CO9 4
NOISE: MUSIC:
1.Noise is a unpleasant sound. 1.Music is a pleasant sound.
b 2.Noise is more irregular. 2.Music is periodic and regular.
3.The component frequencies of noise 3.The component frequencies of music
are continuous and random. are discrete.
4.Noise gives the iritational sensation. 4.Music gives the pleasant sensation.
Mention the factors to be followed for good acoustics of buildings. CO10 6
FACTORS FOLLOWED FOR GOOD ACOUSTICS OF BUILDINGS:
Explain the two microphone method used to measure the absorption coefficient with CO10 8
a neat diagram.
d
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