HVAC

HEATING, VENTILATING ANG AIRCONDITIONING

 2.0 HVAC
2.1 General 2.1.3 Air-Conditioning
Standards
2.1 General 2.1.1 Definition of Air-
Conditioning 1.Cooling and De-humidifying
2.2 Refrigeration for summer cooling, temperatures of 68
Cycle deg to 74 deg F and 50% relative
the simultaneous control of the humidity.
2.3 Types of Air- temperature, humidity, motion and
Conditioning purity of the air in a confined space. 2. Heating and Humidifying
Systems for winter cooling, temperatures of 70 deg

2.4 Air-Conditioning
2.1.2 Functions or to 75 deg F and relative humidity of 30%
to 35% are found most satisfactory.
Equipment Elements of Air-
Conditioning 3. Air Motion
2.5 Heating air velocity should average 4.57 to 7.6
Systems meters per min measured 36” above the
1. Cooling and de-humidifying of air
2. Heating or humidifying of air floor.
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC 3. Cleaning of air or filtration
4. Air Supply
Concerning HVAC 4. Circulation of air a. 5 cuft to 7-1/2 cuft of air per minute per
person (5-71/2 cuft/min/pers). In rooms
where smoking is not allowed

b.25 cuft to 40 cuft of air per minute per

person allowed in rooms where smoking
is permitted.
 2.0 HVAC
2.1.4 Methods of Cooling 3. Passing the air through coils
containing the refrigerant
and De-humidifying
2.1 General
4. Passing the air through a
1. Passing the air through a spray of combination of sprays and coils
2.2 Refrigeration
cold water
Cycle

2.3 Types of Air- 2. Passing the air through coils

Conditioning containing cold water
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2.2 Refrigeration Cycle
*Freon - refrigerant used for cooling.
1. Freon* is a gas at normal
2.1 General
temperature and pressure.
2.2 Refrigeration
2. At the same high pressure, the vapor is
Cycle
piped into condenser coils where it is
cooled by water.
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
3. In the evaporator, the pressure is
2.5 Heating
relieved by the suction stroke of the
Systems
compressor.
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning Systems
1. Window Type Air Conditioning
2.1 General System
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle

2.3 Types of Air-

Conditioning
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2. Split Type Air Conditioning
System
2.1 General

2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle

2.3 Types of Air-

Conditioning
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
AHU
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems FCU
(FAN COIL
UNIT)
2.6 Provisions in COMP.
the NBC CONDENSER
Concerning HVAC EVAPORATOR
ACCU
(AIR CONDITIONING
CONDENSING UNIT)
ACCU
Types of split-type air-conditioning

1. STANDING UNIT

2. WALL-MOUNTED
3. CEILING MOUNTED

4. CASSETTE TYPE
 2.0 HVAC

2.1 General 3. Central Systems

2.2 Refrigeration All-Season Centralized Air

Cycle Conditioning System consists of
the following:
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
a. A method of cooling,
a refrigeration plant
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment b. A source of heating
such as a boiler or
2.5 Heating furnace
Systems
c. An Air Handling Unit
(AHU) equipped with
2.6 Provisions in filters, pre-heater,
the NBC spray, cooling coils
Concerning HVAC and re-heater

d. The air distributing

equipment composed
of ducts, fans and air
outlets

e. The necessary
manual or automatic
controls
 2.0 HVAC
2.4 Air-Conditioning 2. Condensers
Equipment
a) Air-cooled Condensers
2.1 General
used in unit and packaged-type air-
2.4.1 The Refrigeration conditioners up to 3 tons
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle Plant refrigeration.

2.3 Types of Air- 1. Compressors b) Water-cooled Condensers

Conditioning
Systems a) Piston Type or Reciprocating Double-piped Condensers:
Compressors
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment for tonnages up to 100 tons

2.5 Heating b) Centrifugal Compressors

Systems these are quieter, have fewer
vibration problems, require less
2.6 Provisions in maintenance and with better
the NBC
operating control
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
Shell and Tube Condensers: 3. Evaporators

a) Shell and Tube Heat

2.1 General
Exchanger
2.2 Refrigeration similar in operation to the shell and
Cycle tube condenser.

2.3 Types of Air- b) Direct Expansion Coils (coils

Conditioning containing the refrigerant itself)
Systems This may either be installed in the
spray chamber so that the water
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment sprayed into the air comes into
contact with the cooling coils
2.5 Heating Evaporative Condenser:
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

2.4.2 Cooling and De-
humidifying
2.1 General Equipment
2.2 Refrigeration
1. Water Sprays
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air- 2. Cooling Coils
Conditioning
Systems
2.4.3 Heating and
2.4 Air-Conditioning Humidifying
Equipment Equipment
2.5 Heating
1. Tempering Coils
Systems
contains steam and are used
2.6 Provisions in to heating the air ie.,
the NBC preheaters and reheaters.
Concerning HVAC
2. Water Heaters
used for heating the water
which will be used in the
spray chamber to add heat
and humidity to the air
2.0 HVAC
2.4.4 Air Cleaning
Equipment
1. Filters
a) Dry Filters
consist of wire frames
enclosing felt, cotton or
sponge through which
the air is screened.
b) Viscous Filters
consist of metal
deflecting plates or
screens coated with
viscous oil.
c) Water Sprays
d) Eliminator Plates
consist of corrugated
galvanized iron sheets
placed 1-1/8” apart
which deflect the air flow
about 30 deg catching
the wet dust on the
surfaces
 2.0 HVAC
2.4.5 Air
Distribution
2.1 General Equipment
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle 1. Ducts

2.3 Types of Air- *Aspect Ratio – the ratio

Conditioning of the long side to short
side; not to exceed 5:1
Systems although 4 or 3:1 is
preferred.
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2. Fans 3. Air Outlets
these are made for two locations:
a) Centrifugal fans (radial fans) wall and ceiling.
2.1 General
these are intended for moving air at
2.2 Refrigeration comparatively high pressures and a) Wall outlets include the
Cycle are commonly used in duct systems. following:
Vaned outlets
2.3 Types of Air- b) Propeller or axial fans Perforated grills
Conditioning commonly used for wall exhausts
Systems b) Ceiling outlets include the
following types:
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment Plaques
Perforated panels
2.5 Heating Perforated ceilings
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2.4.6 Control Equipment 2. Actuating or Operating
Devices
2.1 General 1. Sensing Devices
a) Dampers
2.2 Refrigeration a) Humidistat These control the flow of air and are
Cycle or Hygrostat is a controller, sensitive in the form of louvers.
to the amount of humidity in the air.
2.3 Types of Air- b) Control Valves
Conditioning These are valves with variable
b) Thermostat
Systems orifices which are moved by motors
a controller which responds to
changes in temperature. to present smaller or larger
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment openings as directed by a
c) Pressure Regulators thermostat.
2.5 Heating are instruments sensitive to changes
Systems in pressure. c) Relays
These are devices that use electrical
2.6 Provisions in energy to amplify or convert the
the NBC
power of a thermostat
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2.5 Heating Systems

2.1 General 2.5.1 Types of Heating

Systems
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
TYPE OF HEATING HEATING METHOD METHOD OF
SYSTEM MEDIUM DEVICE OF AIR DISTRIBUTION
2.3 Types of Air-
HANDLING
Conditioning
Systems 1. Mechanical Air Furnace Ducts Registers
Warm Air
2.4 Air-Conditioning Heating System
Equipment 2. Steam Heating Steam Boiler Pipes Radiators
System
2.5 Heating
Systems 3. Hot Water Water Water Pipes Radiators
Heating System Heater
2.6 Provisions in 4. Radiant Panel 1. Water Water Heater Pipes Ceiling or Floor
the NBC Heating System 2. Air Furnace Ducts Ceiling
Concerning HVAC 3. Electricity Elec Heater Wires Ceiling
 2.0 HVAC
2.5.2 Mechanical Warm Air
Heating System
2.1 General

2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle

2.3 Types of Air-

Conditioning
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC
2.5.2 Steam Heating
System
2.1 General

2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
1. Air-Vent System (One-Pipe
2.3 Types of Air- Gravity System)
Conditioning
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
2. Vacuum System (Two-pipe
Concerning HVAC
Steam Heating System)
 2.0 HVAC
2.5.4 Hot Water Heating
System
2.1 General

2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle

2.3 Types of Air- 1. One-Pipe Hot Water Heating

Conditioning System
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

2. Two-Pipe Hot Water Heating

System
 2.0 HVAC
2.5.5 Radiant Panel
Heating System
2.1 General

2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle

2.3 Types of Air-

Conditioning
Systems

2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment

2.5 Heating
Systems

2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
 2.0 HVAC

2.1 General Refrigeration and Air-

2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle Conditioning
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems Three types:
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment 1. Window Type
2.5 Heating 2. Split type
Systems
3. Centralize AC
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.0 HVAC
2.0 HVAC
 2.0 HVAC

refrigeration
HEATING,
VENTILATION AND
AIR-CONDITIONING

END