Problem 2.

54 [Difficulty: 3]

Given: Data on annular tube

Find: Whether no-slip is satisfied; location of zeroshear stress; viscous forces

Solution:
⎛ 2 2 ⎞
2 Ro − Ri
⎜ ⋅ ln⎛⎜ ⎞
1 ∆p2 r
The velocity profile is u z( r) = ⋅ ⋅ Ri − r −
4⋅ μ L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎝ Ri ⎠ ⎟
⎜ ln⎜
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠

⎛ ⎛ Ro ⎞ ⎞
2 2
Ro − Ri
Check the no-slip condition. When r = Ro u z( R o ) =
1 ∆p
⋅ ⎜ 2 2
⋅ Ri − Ro − ⋅ ln⎜
4⋅ μ L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎝ Ri ⎠ ⎟
⎜ ln⎜
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠
1 ∆p ⎡ 2
( ) ⋅ R − Ro + ⎛ Ro − Ri ⎞⎤ = 0
2 2 2
u z Ro = ⋅
4⋅ μ L ⎣ i ⎝ ⎠⎦

⎛
⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎞
2 2
Ro − Ri
When r = Ri u z( R i ) =
1
⋅ ⎜
∆p 2 2
⋅ Ri − Ri − ⋅ ln⎜ =0
4⋅ μ L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ Ri ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎜ ln⎜
⎝ ⎝ ⎠
Ro
⎠
The no-slip condition is satisfied.

The given data is Ri = 5 ⋅ mm Ro = 25⋅ mm ∆p = 125 ⋅ kPa L = 2⋅ m

N⋅ s
The viscosity of the honey is μ = 5⋅
2
m
The plot looks like

25
Radial Position (mm)

20

15

10

0 0.25 0.5 0.75

Velocity (m/s)

du
For each, shear stress is given by τrx = μ⋅
dr

⎡ ⎛ 2 2 ⎞⎤
duz( r) 2 Ro − Ri
⎢ ⋅ ln⎛⎜ ⎞ ⎥
d 1 ∆p ⎜ 2 r
τrx = μ⋅ = μ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Ri − r −
dr dr ⎢ 4 ⋅ μ L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎝ Ri ⎠ ⎟⎥
⎢ ⎜ ln⎜ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠⎦

⎛ Ro − Ri
2 2⎞
1 ∆p ⎜
Hence τrx = ⋅ ⋅ −2 ⋅ r −
4 L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎟
⎜ ln⎜ ⋅r
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠
2 2 2 2
Ro − Ri Ri − Ro
−2 ⋅ r − =0 or r = r = 13.7⋅ mm
For zero stress
⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎛ Ri ⎞
ln⎜ ⋅r 2 ⋅ ln⎜
⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎝ Ro ⎠

⎛ Ro − Ri ⎞
2 2
On the outer surface 1 ∆p ⎜
Fo = τrx⋅ A = ⋅ ⋅ −2 ⋅ Ro − ⋅ 2 ⋅ π⋅ R o ⋅ L
4 L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎟
⎜ ln⎜ ⋅ Ro
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠

⎛ 2 2⎞
⎜ 2 Ro − Ri
Fo = ∆p⋅ π⋅ −Ro −
⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⋅ ln⎜
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠
 ⎡
⎢ ⎡⎣( 25⋅ mm) 2 − ( 5⋅ mm) 2⎤⎦ × ⎛⎜ 1 ⋅ m ⎞
2
⎢ ⋅ ⎝ 1000⋅ mm ⎠
× π × −⎛⎜ 25⋅ mm × ⎞ −
3 N 1 m
Fo = 125 × 10 ⋅
⎢⎝ 1000⋅ mm ⎠
2 ⋅ ln⎛⎜ ⎞
2 5
m ⎢
⎣ ⎝ 25 ⎠

Fo = −172 N

⎛ Ro − Ri ⎞
2 2
1 ∆p ⎜
On the inner surface Fi = τrx⋅ A = ⋅ ⋅ −2 ⋅ Ri − ⋅ 2 ⋅ π⋅ R i ⋅ L
4 L ⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎟
⎜ ln⎜ ⋅ Ri
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠

⎛ 2 2⎞
⎜ 2 Ro − Ri
Fi = ∆p⋅ π⋅ −Ri −
⎜ ⎛ Ri ⎞ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⋅ ln⎜
⎝ ⎝ Ro ⎠ ⎠

⎡ 2⎤ ⎛ 1 ⋅ m ⎞
2
⎢ ⎡
⎣( 25⋅ mm)
2
− ( 5 ⋅ mm ) ⎦ ⎜
×
2
⎢ 1⋅ m ⎞ ⎝ 1000⋅ mm ⎠
× π × −⎛⎜ 5 ⋅ mm ×
3 N
Hence Fi = 125 × 10 ⋅ −
⎢⎝ 1000⋅ mm ⎠
2 ⋅ ln⎛⎜ ⎞
2 5
m ⎢
⎣ ⎝ 25 ⎠

Fi = 63.4 N

∆p⋅ π⋅ ⎛ Ro − Ri
2 2⎞
Fo − Fi = −236 N
⎠ = 236 N
Note that and
⎝

The net pressure force just balances the net

viscous force!