Circular Motion

LECTURE 1
 Namo Kaul Yrs teaching experience

Certified by the Indian Association of

Teacher & Mentor to
BEST Teaching & Pedagogy 50,000+ Students Physics Teachers for securing highest
National TCON’ 18 aggregate percentage
 Telegram
APP

tinyurl.com/jeelivechat
LIVE Plus Classes
Test Series / Quizzes
Doubt Clearing Sessions
Most Personalized
PLUS Courses
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4
Step 5 Step 6

JEELIVE

22,500
Circular Motion
Circular Motion
Motion of a particle (point mass) along a circular path
It’s distance always constant with respect to a fixed point
Direction of motion changes
It’s an accelerated motion

u1

u2
r
r
Parameters of Circular Motion
Parameters of Circular Motion
Angular displacement (θ)
Angle traversed by position vector of the r
particle with respect to a reference point θ
(center of circle) r
SI Unit is radians
Parameters of Circular Motion
Angular velocity (ω)
Rate of change of angular displacement r
ω
ω = dθ/dt (Instantaneous angular velocity)
r
SI Unit is rad/sec
Angular Acceleration (α)
Rate of change of angular velocity
dω d2θ r
α = = 2
dt dt
ω
SI Unit is rad/sec2 r
Parameters of Circular Motion

Note
Direction of angular vectors are given by right hand thumb rule
⇒ Circular motion - Parameters

We have, ω = dθ/dt

α = dω/dt
dω dθ
α = ×
dθ dt
ω dω
α =
dθ
Equations of Uniform Circular Motion
Equations for Circular Motion
With constant angular acceleration (α = Constant)

v = u + at ω = ω0 + α t

1 1
s = ut + a t2 ω
θ = 0 + α t2
2 t 2

v2 = u2 + 2 as ω2 = ω0 + 2 α θ
2
Equations for Circular Motion

ds dθ
v = ω =
dt dt
dv dω
a = a =
dt dt

dv dω
a =v α =ω
ds dθ
Example A wheel is subjected to uniform angular acceleration about
it’s axis, Initially at rest if in first 3 seconds it rotates through
angle θ1. In next 3 seconds, it rotates through angle θ2. Find
the ratio of θ2/ θ1.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None of these
Use Galileo’s Trick
Solution:
Given: ω0 = 0
Let angular acceleration = α

For first 3 seconds For t = 0 to t = 6

t = 3 ; θ = θ1
t=6; θ = θ1 + θ2
1
Using, θ = ω0t + α t2
2 1 36
1 9 θ1 + θ2 = 0 (t)+ (36) = α
θ1 = α (9) = α 2 2
2 2
θ1 + θ2 = 18 α
θ1 = 9/2 α
Solution:

Angular displacement for t = 3 to t = 6 sec.

36 9 27
θ2 = θ – θ1 = α – α = α
2 2 2

θ1 = 9/2 α θ2 = 27/2 α

θ2 27 α/2 θ2
∴ = ∴ = 3
θ1 9 α/2 θ1
Example If a body rotates such that its angular acceleration varies
with time as α=(2t3 – t) rad/s2 Find the angular speed after
2sec if it starts from rest.

A. 6 rad /s
B. 3 rad /s
C. 2 rad /s
D. None of these
Solution:

dω
α = = 2t3 – t
dt
ω 2
⇒ ∫ dω = ∫ ( 2t3 – t ) dt
0 0
∫ xn dx = xn+1
2 n+1
2t4 t2
⇒ [ω] ω
0
= –
4 2
0

2(16) 4
⇒ ω–0 = –
4 2

⇒ ω = 6 rad /s
Example A body rotates with an angular retardation α = -k /ω, where ω is the
angular velocity of the body. Find the time after which the body
comes to rest, if it’s initial angular velocity was ω0.
ω02
A.
2
ω02
B.
2k
ω02
C.
k
D. None of these
Solution:
dω k
α = = – ω
dt
0 t
⇒ ∫ ω dω =∫ kdt
ω 0 0
0
ω2 t
⇒ = – K [t]
2 0
ω0

2
ω0
⇒ t =
2k
Categorization of Circular Motion
Categorization of Circular Motion

Uniform circular motion (UCM)

Speed of particle is constant

v = constant

ω = constant ⇒ α = 0

Non-uniform circular motion (NUCM)

Speed of particle is not constant

v ≠ constant

ω ≠ constant ⇒ α ≠ 0
Uniform circular motion (UCM)
y
It is a Periodic Motion
Time Period of UCM v

∴ T= Circumference of Circle r
speed
x
2πr
T=
v

distance
T=
speed
Relation between Linear and Angular Quantities

R l

θ
Y ∧ ∧
θ, r = ?

θ X
Y
V=?
∧
∧ θ ∧
θ ∧
r r

θ X
Relation between Linear and Angular Quantities
y
Co-ordinate axis ∧
θ ∧
∧ r
r → Unit vector along radial direction u
∧ ∧ ∧ r
i cos θ + j sin θ = r ω
∧ x
θ → Unit vector along tangential direction
∧ ∧ ∧
j cos θ – i sin θ = θ
∧ ∧ ∧
θ j
r
∧ ∧
i cos θ + j sin θ
θ
θ
∧
i
 y ∧
Linear and Angular Velocity θ ∧
u r
Position vector r
ω
∧ ∧ ∧ θ
r = r = r i cosθ + j sin θ x

Linear velocity
dr d ∧ ∧
v = = r i cosθ + j sin θ
dt dt
∧ ∧ d (cosθ) d (cosθ) dθ
i d (cosθ) j d (sinθ) = ×
dt dθ dt
v = r +
dt dt

dθ ∧ dθ ∧
v = r – sinθ i + cosθ j
dt dt
Linear velocity
y
dr d ∧ ∧ v
v = = r i cosθ + j sin θ
dt dt
r
∧ ∧
i d (cosθ) j d (sinθ) ω
v = r + θ
dt dt x

dθ ∧ dθ ∧
v = r – sinθ i + cosθ j
dt dt
∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ ∧ dθ
v = rω – i sin θ + j cosθ j cos θ – i sin θ = θ ω =
dt
∧
v = rω θ By Right Hand Thumb Rule

Note
v = ω × r
Velocity of particle under circular motion is
always tangential
Examples on Circular Motion
Example A Particle starts moving in a circular path of radius 2m with
initial speed 2m/s at constant angular acceleration. After 2
complete revolutions its speed becomes 8m/s. Find the
angular acceleration of the particle.
A. 15
4π
15
B.
8π
15
C. π
D. None of these
Solution:

Initial angular velocity, ω0 = 1

ui Using , ω2 = ω02 + 2αθ
ω0 = = 2 = 1 rad/s ω= 4
R 2
Final angular velocity, ⇒ 16 = 1 + 2(α) (4π) θ = 4π
v 8
ω = = = 4 rad/s 15
R 2 ⇒ α =
8π
Total angular displacement ,
θ = 2 (2π) = 4π rad
Example The length of second’s hand in a watch is 1 cm. Find the magnitude
of change in velocity of its tip in 15 seconds . Also find the
magnitude of average acceleration during this interval.
Solution:
Time period of second’s hand,
T = 60 sec.

⇒ Angular velocity ,
dθ 2π
ω = dt =
T
π
= 30 rad /sec.

ω0 = π/30
 Example The length of second’s hand in a watch is 1 cm. Find the
magnitude of change in velocity of its tip in 15 seconds . Also
find the magnitude of average acceleration during this
interval.
π/30 = v1

Solution - I
ω0 = π/30 1 cm
Speed of tip of the hand, | v | = rω
v2 = π/30
π Δv = √2 π/30
= 1 cm/s
30
Change in velocity in 15 sec.
π π ^
Δv = v2 – v1 = – ^j – i
30
30
⇒ | Δv | = √2 π/30
Solution - II

Magnitude of average acceleration

Δv √2 (π/30)
| aavg| = =
Δt 15
Δv = √2π/30
⇒ aavg= √2 π cm/s2
450 ω0 = π/30
 12th Grade
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

Subjects Timings
Physics 7 PM
Chemistry 8 PM
Mathematics 9 PM