Design and testing of buck converter

Atul Pandey T19177

August 29, 2019

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Contents
1 OBJECTIVE 3
1.1 circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 SIMULATION RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Experimental data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 VALIDATION OF SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS . . . . . . . 7

2 objective 8
2.1 ltspice circuit diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Ltspice waveforms for source disturbance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Verification of simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3 Objective 11
3.1 circuit diagram in Ltspice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Simulation waveforms for the load disturbance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 Experiment 3: Design and Testing of Buck converter 13

4.1 circuit diagram of buck converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 practical circuit of buck converter testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 Apparatus Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 Observation Table FOR DUTY CYCLE VARIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5 simulation waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.6 plot of indutor current vs duty cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.7 plot of duty cycle vs gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.8 verification of results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

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1 OBJECTIVE
Plot the steady state waveform of dc-dc buck converter.

1.1 circuit diagram

Figure 1: circuit diagram of buck converter

1.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2: Ltspice buck converter circuit diagram

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1.3 SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 3: waveform of input voltage and current

Figure 4: waveform of voltage across capacitor and capacitor current

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Figure 5: waveform of volatage across switch and current in switch

Figure 6: voltage across diode and current across switch

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 Figure 7: waveform of voltage across input and output

1.4 Experimental data

Input voltage Vin =12V Inductor value L = 150uH Capacitance value = 500uF Load resistance
value = 5ohm Switch configuration = PULSE(0 5 0 0 20u 30u)

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1.5 VALIDATION OF SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RE-
SULTS
1. Waveform of output current and output voltage is constant if large value of inductance is
taken and here since the value of inductance and capacitance is low also switching frequency
is high so here we see the transient in the initial phase and after that both value will be
constant

2. Waveform of VC1 and IC1 will also show transient in the initial phase due to the value of
inductance and capacitance and here value of capacitor voltage will be high than capacitor
current because mostly current will be pass through the load resistance. Also value of voltage
across capacitance and output voltage will be constant

3. Voltage waveform of switch voltage will be pulsating in nature due to high switching frequency
and value of switch current will be negative in nature and also it will be off when pulse are at
zero .Transients in switching current will have more transients due to high switching frequency
Voltage waveform of switch voltage will be pulsating in nature due to high switching frequency
and value of switch current will be negative in nature and also it will be off when pulse are
at zero .Transients in switching current will have more transients due to high switching
frequency

4. diode current will have opposite nature as that of switch current and it will be also pulsating
in nature

5. input voltage will be constant and output voltage will be constant after initial transients,here
it is constant after the 6ms HENCE ALL THE WAVEFORMS ARE VERIFIED AND SIM-
ULATED

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2 objective
Give a step disturbance in source and plot the same waveforms mentioned above and comment
your observations.

2.1 ltspice circuit diagram

Figure 8: buck converter source disturbance in LT spice

2.2 Ltspice waveforms for source disturbance

waveforms of input voltage and output voltage

Figure 9: waveforms and input voltage and output voltage

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waveforms of inductor and capacitor current

Figure 10: waveforms of inductor and capacitor

waveforms of input voltage and diode current

Figure 11: waveforms of input volage and diode current

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2.3 Verification of simulation results
1. Here we perform the source disturbance by providing the pulse voltage setting in source
voltage.here we also connect capacitor across input voltage which reduces the ripple content
in the circuit

2. here actually there is large in output voltage between 0.6ms to 0.9ms which is actually due
to disturbance in load. but if we connect large inductor in circuit there is not much effect
on ouput voltage

3. There is actually large transient in capacitor current between 0 to 1 ms but after 2ms it
become confined between 5 to 8 ampere but transients will always there
HENCE SIMULATION RESULTS ARE VERIFIED

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3 Objective
Give a step disturbance in source and plot the same waveforms mentioned above and comment
your observations

3.1 circuit diagram in Ltspice

Figure 12: circuit diagram

3.2 Simulation waveforms for the load disturbance

waveform of output voltage

Figure 13: output voltage waveforms

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waveforms of capacitor and inductor current

Figure 14: inductor current and capacitor current waveform

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4 Experiment 3: Design and Testing of Buck converter
Designing, testing and performance analysis of a DC/DC Buck Converter using a PWM generator
circuit (TL494) and a driver circuit (IR2110). The circuit will be operated under continuous
current mode (CCM) and open loop conditions (no feedback).

4.1 circuit diagram of buck converter

Figure 15: circuit diagram of buck converter

4.2 practical circuit of buck converter testing

Figure 16: practical circuit

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4.3 Apparatus Required
BUCK CONVERTER
SR.NO Components Quantity Rating
1 inductor 1 1mh
2 diode6A4DCOM 1 6A,400V,piv
3 electrolytic capacitor 2 220uF
4 ceramic capacitor 2 0.01uF
5 MOSFET IXFK44N50 1 v=500V

4.4 Observation Table FOR DUTY CYCLE VARIATION

1. When frequency is fixed and we change the duty cycle

Vin F(fixed) D Vo inductor current

15 9.83 51.52 7.52 92.23
15 9.83 60.80 8.76 100.97
15 9.83 40 5.84 81.03
15 9.83 30 4.3781 71.86

Here we see that there is considerly change in value of output volatage when duty cycle is
changing and other parameters are also changing .so here we see that duty cycle is one key
to buck converter current carrying capability and output voltage.

2. when duty cycle of buck converter is fixed and frequency is varied

Vin F(vary) D(fixed) Vo inductor current inductor voltage(mv)

15 15.413 50 7.12 91.665 88.84
15 20.058 50 7.12 91.546 72.21
15 50.224 50 7.12 91.692 82.71

when frequency is varied keeping duty cycle constant we see that there is more sharpness in
waveforms of inductor current and inductor voltage.

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4.5 simulation waveforms

Figure 17: when duty cycle is 50 percent

when duty cycle is 60 percent

Figure 18: when duty cycle is 60 percent

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When duty cycle is 40 percent when duty cycle is 30 percent

Figure 19: when duty cycle is 40 percent

Figure 20: when duty cycle is 30 percent

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WHEN DUTY CYCLE IS FIXED AND FREQUENCY IS VARIED
when frequecny is 15hz when frequecny is 20khz and duty cycle is 50 percent

Figure 21: when duty cycle is 50 percent and frequency is 15 khz

Figure 22: when frequecny is 20hz and duty cycle is 50 percent

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4.6 plot of indutor current vs duty cycle

Figure 23: duty cycle vs indutor current

4.7 plot of duty cycle vs gain

Figure 24: gain vs duty ratio

4.8 verification of results

1. switching frequency is a parameter which actually decides the ripple content in indutor
current because it improves the transient response of the converter and it also removes
the disruptions but here we also see that efficiency is decreasing with increase in switching
frequency because Switching loss is directly related to switching frequency and also mosfet
switch drive power is also proportional to frequency, and is generally it is provided by a
Linear Regulator.
2. here we also see that duty ratio is directly proportional to gain during the linear region.
3. here also with increase in duty ratio the inductor current is increased

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4.9 Conclusion
Simulation of buck converter is being performed.Various waveforms of buck converter is simulated
and analysed and verified with theoretical concepts.duty ratio vs inductor current ,duty ratio vs
gain has been plotted simulation of buck converter is being performed

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